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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Babel-17</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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title="Babel-17 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Babel-17" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB-17" title="バベル-17 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バベル-17" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babel-17" title="Babel-17 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Babel-17" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babel-17" title="Babel-17 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" 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title="Вавилон-17 (роман) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вавилон-17 (роман)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2722309#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Babel-17" title="View the content page [c]" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1966 science fiction novel by Samuel Delany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Babel-17 <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Babel-17&rft.author=%5B%5BSamuel+R.+Delany%5D%5D&rft.date=May+17%2C+1966&rft.pub=%5B%5BAce+Books%5D%5D&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=173"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Babel-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Babel-17.jpg/220px-Babel-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Babel-17.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="390" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">First edition</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cover artist</th><td class="infobox-data">Jerome Podwill</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ace_Books" title="Ace Books">Ace Books</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">May 17, 1966<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">173</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Babel-17</b></i> is a 1966 <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> novel by American writer <a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a> in which the <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_relativity" title="Linguistic relativity">Sapir–Whorf hypothesis</a> (that language influences thought and perception) plays an important part.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was joint winner of the <a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Nebula Award for Best Novel">Nebula Award for Best Novel</a> in 1967 (with <i><a href="/wiki/Flowers_for_Algernon" title="Flowers for Algernon">Flowers for Algernon</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-WWE-1966_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWE-1966-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was also nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Hugo Award for Best Novel">Hugo Award for Best Novel</a> in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-WWE-1967_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWE-1967-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Delany hoped to have <i>Babel-17</i> originally published as a single volume with the novella <i><a href="/wiki/Empire_Star" title="Empire Star">Empire Star</a></i>, but this did not happen until a 2001 reprint.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot_summary">Plot summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babel-17&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_plot plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambot-plot" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs an improved <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_write_a_plot_summary" title="Wikipedia:How to write a plot summary">plot summary</a>.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babel-17&action=edit">improve the plot summary</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Babel-17 is a language that can be used as a weapon by enemy invaders during an interstellar war. Chinese starship captain, linguist, poet, and telepath Rydra Wong begins to learn the language. After several attacks have been made by the invaders who speak Babel-17, she soon realizes the potential of the language to change one's thought process and provide speakers with certain powers, and she is recruited by her government to discover how the enemy is infiltrating and sabotaging strategic sites. As her understanding of the language increases, she is able to predict where the next attack will be and gathers a team to go to the predicted location of the attack. </p><p>Initially Babel-17 is thought to be a code used by enemy agents. Rydra realizes it is a language in and of itself. During their mission, Rydra realizes there is a traitor aboard the ship. After escaping the predicted attack, Rydra and her crew are captured by a pirate ship called a shadow-ship. While on the ship, Rydra meets a man called "The Butcher" who does not use the word "I". After teaching The Butcher the word "I," Rydra, The Butcher, and her crew leave the ship during a battle. Rydra and The Butcher, who already unknowingly spoke Babel-17, are rescued but seem incredibly altered. While their bodies are present, their minds seem elsewhere. Their ability to speak Babel-17 has altered their minds and we learn that it was Rydra who was the traitor on board the ship. Babel-17 is discovered to be a language that not only helps you understand the enemy, but become the enemy. </p><p>The novel deals with several issues related to the peculiarities of language, how conditions of life shape the formation of words and meaning, and how words themselves can shape the actions of people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babel-17&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Delany's novel influenced a generation of writers: <i><a href="/wiki/Native_Tongue_(Suzette_Haden_Elgin_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Tongue (Suzette Haden Elgin novel)">Native Tongue</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Suzette_Haden_Elgin" title="Suzette Haden Elgin">Suzette Haden Elgin</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dispossessed" title="The Dispossessed">The Dispossessed</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, <i><a href="/wiki/Embassytown" title="Embassytown">Embassytown</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/China_Mi%C3%A9ville" title="China Miéville">China Miéville</a>, "In Luna Bore Coda" by Joshua Nilles, and, more evidently, the short story "<a href="/wiki/Story_of_Your_Life" title="Story of Your Life">Story of Your Life</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ted_Chiang" title="Ted Chiang">Ted Chiang</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Language as a weapon was adapted as a plot device in <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Snow_Crash" title="Snow Crash">Snow Crash</a></i>. It also resembles a few preceding science fiction novels which deal with how languages shape the political and cultural stratum of societies, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Languages_of_Pao" title="The Languages of Pao">The Languages of Pao</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Vance" title="Jack Vance">Jack Vance</a> or <i><a href="/wiki/Anthem_(novella)" title="Anthem (novella)">Anthem</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_of_Babel-17">Language of Babel-17</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babel-17&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Language of Babel-17"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The language portrayed at the center of <i>Babel-17</i> contains interesting linguistic features including the absence of a pronoun or any other construction for "I". The heroine finds her perceptions (and even her physical abilities) altered once she has learned Babel-17. Babel-17 also seems to alter the worldview of those who speak it. When Rydra speaks in Babel-17, time slows down because she is able to communicate with much more precision. The language also not only allows one to express ideas much quicker but seems to also change one's worldview. </p><p>Delany describes himself as having been "a die-hard believer in the Sapir-Whorf", which was in the air at the time, without his ever having heard the term; eventually, once he read about it, he decided that "it was just incorrect", because "it fails to take into account the whole economy of discourse, which is a linguistic level that accomplishes lots of the soft-edge conceptual contouring around ideas, whether we have available a one- or two-word name for it or only a set of informal many-word descriptions that are not completely fixed", which motivated his later works considering language: "The realization of the flaws in the Sapir-Whorf, in that they caused me to begin considering the more complex linguistic mechanisms of discourse, you might say gave me my lifetime project."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_media">Other media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babel-17&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2014, the work <i>Babel-17</i> was told in tandem with a partial biography of Samuel R. Delany's early years in the form of a play <i>The Motion of Light in Water</i>, based on a 1988 <a href="/wiki/The_Motion_of_Light_in_Water" title="The Motion of Light in Water">autobiography with the same title</a>, produced by Elbow Room, an Australian theatre company directed by Marcel Dorney.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rush_(band)" title="Rush (band)">Rush</a> drummer and lyricist <a href="/wiki/Neil_Peart" title="Neil Peart">Neil Peart</a> noted that <i>Babel-17</i> was one of his early literary influences, and was an important part of the crafting of the band's hugely successful <i><a href="/wiki/2112_(album)" title="2112 (album)">2112</a></i> album.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babel-17&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Books Today". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>: 44. May 17, 1966.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Books+Today&rft.pages=44&rft.date=1966-05-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABabel-17" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteble,_Janez.2014" class="citation book cs1">Steble, Janez. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/898669235"><i>Novi val v znanstveni fantastiki ali eksplozija žanra New wave in science fiction or the explosion of the genre : doktorska disertacija</i></a>. [J. Steble]. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/898669235">898669235</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Novi+val+v+znanstveni+fantastiki+ali+eksplozija+%C5%BEanra+New+wave+in+science+fiction+or+the+explosion+of+the+genre+%3A+doktorska+disertacija&rft.pub=%5BJ.+Steble%5D&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F898669235&rft.au=Steble%2C+Janez.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F898669235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABabel-17" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWE-1966-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WWE-1966_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1966">"1966 Award Winners & Nominees"</a>. <i>Worlds Without End</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Worlds+Without+End&rft.atitle=1966+Award+Winners+%26+Nominees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldswithoutend.com%2Fbooks_year_index.asp%3Fyear%3D1966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABabel-17" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWE-1967-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WWE-1967_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1967">"1967 Award Winners & Nominees"</a>. <i>Worlds Without End</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Worlds+Without+End&rft.atitle=1967+Award+Winners+%26+Nominees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldswithoutend.com%2Fbooks_year_index.asp%3Fyear%3D1967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABabel-17" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelany2001" class="citation book cs1">Delany, Samuel R. (December 2001). <i>Babel-17 / Empire Star</i>. Vintage Books / Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-70669-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-70669-0"><bdi>0-375-70669-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Babel-17+%2F+Empire+Star&rft.pub=Vintage+Books+%2F+Random+House&rft.date=2001-12&rft.isbn=0-375-70669-0&rft.aulast=Delany&rft.aufirst=Samuel+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABabel-17" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/6088/the-art-of-fiction-no-210-samuel-r-delany">The Art of Fiction No. 210</a>, 2011, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Paris_Review" title="The Paris Review">The Paris Review</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200815142405/https://www.theatreworks.org.au/what-if-elbow-rooms-ray-chong-nee-on-the-motion-of-light-in-water/">"What if? Elbow Room's Ray Chong Nee on The Motion of Light in Water"</a>, <i>Theatre Works</i>, 3 July 2014, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatreworks.org.au/what-if-elbow-rooms-ray-chong-nee-on-the-motion-of-light-in-water/">the original</a> on 2020-08-15</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theatre+Works&rft.atitle=What+if%3F+Elbow+Room%27s+Ray+Chong+Nee+on+The+Motion+of+Light+in+Water&rft.date=2014-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatreworks.org.au%2Fwhat-if-elbow-rooms-ray-chong-nee-on-the-motion-of-light-in-water%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABabel-17" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rushvault.com/2013/11/23/with-rush-forget-ayn-rand-think-samuel-r-delany/">"With Rush, Forget Ayn Rand; Think Samuel R. Delany"</a>, <i>Rush Vault</i>, 3 November 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rush+Vault&rft.atitle=With+Rush%2C+Forget+Ayn+Rand%3B+Think+Samuel+R.+Delany&rft.date=2013-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frushvault.com%2F2013%2F11%2F23%2Fwith-rush-forget-ayn-rand-think-samuel-r-delany%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABabel-17" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babel-17&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClutePeter_Nicholls1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Nicholls_(writer)" title="Peter Nicholls (writer)">Peter Nicholls</a> (1995). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a></i> (2 ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="St Martin's Press">St Martin's Press</a>. p. 1386. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-13486-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-13486-X"><bdi>0-312-13486-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1386&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=St+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-312-13486-X&rft.aulast=Clute&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Peter+Nicholls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABabel-17" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClutePeter_Nicholls1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Nicholls_(writer)" title="Peter Nicholls (writer)">Peter Nicholls</a> (1995). <i>The Multimedia Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</i> (<a href="/wiki/CD%E2%80%93ROM" class="mw-redirect" title="CD–ROM">CD–ROM</a>). Danbury, CT: Grolier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7172-3999-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7172-3999-3"><bdi>0-7172-3999-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Multimedia+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&rft.place=Danbury%2C+CT&rft.pub=Grolier&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-7172-3999-3&rft.aulast=Clute&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Peter+Nicholls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABabel-17" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholls1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Nicholls_(writer)" title="Peter Nicholls (writer)">Nicholls, Peter</a> (1979). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/St_Albans" title="St Albans">St Albans</a>, Hertfordshire, UK: Granada Publishing Ltd. p. 672. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-586-05380-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-586-05380-8"><bdi>0-586-05380-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&rft.place=St+Albans%2C+Hertfordshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=672&rft.pub=Granada+Publishing+Ltd.&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-586-05380-8&rft.aulast=Nicholls&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABabel-17" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJakubowskiMalcolm_Edwards1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Jakubowski" title="Maxim Jakubowski">Jakubowski, Maxim</a>; <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Edwards" title="Malcolm Edwards">Malcolm Edwards</a> (1983). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Book_of_Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy_Lists" title="The Complete Book of Science Fiction and Fantasy Lists">The Complete Book of Science Fiction and Fantasy Lists</a></i>. St Albans, Hertfordshire, UK: Granada Publishing Ltd. p. 350. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-586-05678-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-586-05678-5"><bdi>0-586-05678-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy+Lists&rft.place=St+Albans%2C+Hertfordshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=350&rft.pub=Granada+Publishing+Ltd.&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-586-05678-5&rft.aulast=Jakubowski&rft.aufirst=Maxim&rft.au=Malcolm+Edwards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABabel-17" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPringle1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Pringle" title="David Pringle">Pringle, David</a> (1990). <i>The Ultimate Guide to Science Fiction</i>. London: Grafton Books Ltd. p. 407. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-246-13635-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-246-13635-9"><bdi>0-246-13635-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ultimate+Guide+to+Science+Fiction&rft.place=London&rft.pages=407&rft.pub=Grafton+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-246-13635-9&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABabel-17" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuck1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_H._Tuck" title="Donald H. Tuck">Tuck, Donald H.</a> (1974). <i>The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy</i>. Chicago: Advent. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-911682-20-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-911682-20-1"><bdi>0-911682-20-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Advent&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-911682-20-1&rft.aulast=Tuck&rft.aufirst=Donald+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABabel-17" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babel-17&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oneringcircus.com/b17_errata.html">Errata for Babel-17, approved by the author.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tor.com/2009/06/23/still-exciting-today-samuel-delanys-babel-17/">2009 retrospective review</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jo_Walton" title="Jo Walton">Jo Walton</a>: "Babel 17 was published in 1966, the year in which I learned to talk."</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?2394"><i>Babel-17</i></a> title listing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldswithoutend.com/novel.asp?ID=324">Babel-17</a> at Worlds Without End</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Samuel_R._Delany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Samuel_R._Delany" title="Template:Samuel R. Delany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Samuel_R._Delany" title="Template talk:Samuel R. Delany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Samuel_R._Delany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Samuel R. Delany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Samuel_R._Delany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stand-alone novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewels_of_Aptor" title="The Jewels of Aptor">The Jewels of Aptor</a></i> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Beta-2" title="The Ballad of Beta-2">The Ballad of Beta-2</a></i> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Empire_Star" title="Empire Star">Empire Star</a></i> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Babel-17</a></i> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Einstein_Intersection" title="The Einstein Intersection">The Einstein Intersection</a></i> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_(novel)" title="Nova (novel)">Nova</a></i> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Equinox_(novel)" title="Equinox (novel)">Equinox</a></i> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dhalgren" title="Dhalgren">Dhalgren</a></i> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Triton_(novel)" title="Triton (novel)">Trouble on Triton</a></i> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Stars_in_My_Pocket_Like_Grains_of_Sand" title="Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand">Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand</a></i> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/They_Fly_at_%C3%87iron" title="They Fly at Çiron">They Fly at Çiron</a></i> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mad_Man" title="The Mad Man">The Mad Man</a></i> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hogg_(novel)" title="Hogg (novel)">Hogg</a></i> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Phallos_(novella)" title="Phallos (novella)">Phallos</a></i> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Reflections" title="Dark Reflections">Dark Reflections</a></i> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Through_the_Valley_of_the_Nest_of_Spiders" title="Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders">Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders</a></i> (2012)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_the_Towers" title="The Fall of the Towers">The Fall of the Towers</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Captives_of_the_Flame" title="Captives of the Flame">Captives of the Flame</a></i> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Towers_of_Toron" title="The Towers of Toron">The Towers of Toron</a></i> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/City_of_a_Thousand_Suns" title="City of a Thousand Suns">City of a Thousand Suns</a></i> (1965)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Return_to_Nev%C3%A8r%C3%BFon_(series)" title="Return to Nevèrÿon (series)">Return to Nevèrÿon</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Nev%C3%A8r%C3%BFon" title="Tales of Nevèrÿon">Tales of Nevèrÿon</a></i> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nevery%C3%B3na" title="Neveryóna">Neveryóna, or: The Tale of Signs and Cities</a></i> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flight_from_Nev%C3%A8r%C3%BFon" title="Flight from Nevèrÿon">Flight from Nevèrÿon</a></i> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Return_to_Nev%C3%A8r%C3%BFon" title="Return to Nevèrÿon">Return to Nevèrÿon</a></i> (1987)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Aye,_and_Gomorrah" title="Aye, and Gomorrah">Aye, and Gomorrah...</a>" (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Time_Considered_as_a_Helix_of_Semi-Precious_Stones" title="Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones">Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones</a>" (1968)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Driftglass" title="Driftglass">Driftglass</a></i> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Distant_Stars" title="Distant Stars">Distant Stars</a></i> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Nebula_Award-Winning_Fiction" title="The Complete Nebula Award-Winning Fiction">The Complete Nebula Award-Winning Fiction</a></i> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Driftglass/Starshards" title="Driftglass/Starshards">Driftglass/Starshards</a></i> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Atlantis:_Three_Tales" title="Atlantis: Three Tales">Atlantis: Three Tales</a></i> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Aye,_and_Gomorrah,_and_other_stories" class="mw-redirect" title="Aye, and Gomorrah, and other stories">Aye, and Gomorrah, and other stories</a></i> (2003)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nonfiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Breakfast" title="Heavenly Breakfast">Heavenly Breakfast</a></i> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Motion_of_Light_in_Water" title="The Motion of Light in Water">The Motion of Light in Water</a></i> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Straits_of_Messina" title="The Straits of Messina">The Straits of Messina</a></i> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Interviews" title="Silent Interviews">Silent Interviews</a></i> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Longer_Views" class="mw-redirect" title="Longer Views">Longer Views</a></i> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Times_Square_Red,_Times_Square_Blue" title="Times Square Red, Times Square Blue">Times Square Red, Times Square Blue</a></i> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Shorter_Views" title="Shorter Views">Shorter Views</a></i> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nebula_Award_for_Best_Novel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nebula_Award_Best_Novel" title="Template:Nebula Award Best Novel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nebula_Award_Best_Novel" title="Template talk:Nebula Award Best Novel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nebula_Award_Best_Novel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nebula Award Best Novel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nebula_Award_for_Best_Novel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Nebula Award for Best Novel">Best Novel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1966–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dune_(novel)" title="Dune (novel)">Dune</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Herbert" title="Frank Herbert">Frank Herbert</a> (1966)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Babel-17</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Flowers_for_Algernon" title="Flowers for Algernon">Flowers for Algernon</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Keyes" title="Daniel Keyes">Daniel Keyes</a> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Einstein_Intersection" title="The Einstein Intersection">The Einstein Intersection</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Passage_(novel)" title="Rite of Passage (novel)">Rite of Passage</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Panshin" title="Alexei Panshin">Alexei Panshin</a> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Left_Hand_of_Darkness" title="The Left Hand of Darkness">The Left Hand of Darkness</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ringworld" title="Ringworld">Ringworld</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Time_of_Changes" title="A Time of Changes">A Time of Changes</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Silverberg" title="Robert Silverberg">Robert Silverberg</a> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Themselves" title="The Gods Themselves">The Gods Themselves</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rendezvous_with_Rama" title="Rendezvous with Rama">Rendezvous with Rama</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dispossessed" title="The Dispossessed">The Dispossessed</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forever_War" title="The Forever War">The Forever War</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_Plus" title="Man Plus">Man Plus</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gateway_(novel)" title="Gateway (novel)">Gateway</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dreamsnake" title="Dreamsnake">Dreamsnake</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Vonda_N._McIntyre" title="Vonda N. McIntyre">Vonda N. McIntyre</a> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fountains_of_Paradise" title="The Fountains of Paradise">The Fountains of Paradise</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Timescape" title="Timescape">Timescape</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Benford" title="Gregory Benford">Gregory Benford</a> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Claw_of_the_Conciliator" title="The Claw of the Conciliator">The Claw of the Conciliator</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Gene_Wolfe" title="Gene Wolfe">Gene Wolfe</a> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Enemy_But_Time" title="No Enemy But Time">No Enemy But Time</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bishop_(author)" title="Michael Bishop (author)">Michael Bishop</a> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Startide_Rising" title="Startide Rising">Startide Rising</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neuromancer" title="Neuromancer">Neuromancer</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ender%27s_Game" title="Ender's Game">Ender's Game</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Orson_Scott_Card" title="Orson Scott Card">Orson Scott Card</a> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Speaker_for_the_Dead" title="Speaker for the Dead">Speaker for the Dead</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Orson_Scott_Card" title="Orson Scott Card">Orson Scott Card</a> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Falling_Woman" title="The Falling Woman">The Falling Woman</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Pat_Murphy_(writer)" title="Pat Murphy (writer)">Pat Murphy</a> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falling_Free" title="Falling Free">Falling Free</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Healer%27s_War" title="The Healer's War">The Healer's War</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Scarborough" title="Elizabeth Ann Scarborough">Elizabeth Ann Scarborough</a> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tehanu" title="Tehanu">Tehanu: The Last Book of Earthsea</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Tide" title="Stations of the Tide">Stations of the Tide</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Swanwick" title="Michael Swanwick">Michael Swanwick</a> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Book_(novel)" title="Doomsday Book (novel)">Doomsday Book</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_trilogy" title="Mars trilogy">Red Mars</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moving_Mars" title="Moving Mars">Moving Mars</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Greg_Bear" title="Greg Bear">Greg Bear</a> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Terminal_Experiment" title="The Terminal Experiment">The Terminal Experiment</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Sawyer" title="Robert J. Sawyer">Robert J. Sawyer</a> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slow_River" title="Slow River">Slow River</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Griffith" title="Nicola Griffith">Nicola Griffith</a> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_and_the_Sun" title="The Moon and the Sun">The Moon and the Sun</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Vonda_N._McIntyre" title="Vonda N. McIntyre">Vonda N. McIntyre</a> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forever_Peace" title="Forever Peace">Forever Peace</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Talents_(novel)" title="Parable of the Talents (novel)">Parable of the Talents</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_Radio" title="Darwin's Radio">Darwin's Radio</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Greg_Bear" title="Greg Bear">Greg Bear</a> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Quantum_Rose" title="The Quantum Rose">The Quantum Rose</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Asaro" title="Catherine Asaro">Catherine Asaro</a> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Gods" title="American Gods">American Gods</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_Dark" title="Speed of Dark">Speed of Dark</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Moon" title="Elizabeth Moon">Elizabeth Moon</a> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paladin_of_Souls" title="Paladin of Souls">Paladin of Souls</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camouflage_(novel)" title="Camouflage (novel)">Camouflage</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seeker_(McDevitt_novel)" title="Seeker (McDevitt novel)">Seeker</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jack_McDevitt" title="Jack McDevitt">Jack McDevitt</a> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Yiddish_Policemen%27s_Union" title="The Yiddish Policemen's Union">The Yiddish Policemen's Union</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Powers_(novel)" title="Powers (novel)">Powers</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Windup_Girl" title="The Windup Girl">The Windup Girl</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Bacigalupi" title="Paolo Bacigalupi">Paolo Bacigalupi</a> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blackout/All_Clear" title="Blackout/All Clear">Blackout/All Clear</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Among_Others" title="Among Others">Among Others</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jo_Walton" title="Jo Walton">Jo Walton</a> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2312_(novel)" title="2312 (novel)">2312</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancillary_Justice" title="Ancillary Justice">Ancillary Justice</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ann_Leckie" title="Ann Leckie">Ann Leckie</a> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annihilation_(VanderMeer_novel)" title="Annihilation (VanderMeer novel)">Annihilation</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jeff_VanderMeer" title="Jeff VanderMeer">Jeff VanderMeer</a> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uprooted_(novel)" title="Uprooted (novel)">Uprooted</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Novik" title="Naomi Novik">Naomi Novik</a> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_the_Birds_in_the_Sky" title="All the Birds in the Sky">All the Birds in the Sky</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Jane_Anders" title="Charlie Jane Anders">Charlie Jane Anders</a> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Sky" title="The Stone Sky">The Stone Sky</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/N._K._Jemisin" title="N. K. Jemisin">N. K. Jemisin</a> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Calculating_Stars" title="The Calculating Stars">The Calculating Stars</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinette_Kowal" title="Mary Robinette Kowal">Mary Robinette Kowal</a> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Song_for_a_New_Day" title="A Song for a New Day">A Song for a New Day</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Pinsker" title="Sarah Pinsker">Sarah Pinsker</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Network_Effect_(novel)" title="Network Effect (novel)">Network Effect</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Martha_Wells" title="Martha Wells">Martha Wells</a> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Master_of_Djinn" title="A Master of Djinn">A Master of Djinn</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/P._Dj%C3%A8l%C3%AD_Clark" title="P. Djèlí Clark">P. Djèlí Clark</a> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Babel,_or_the_Necessity_of_Violence" title="Babel, or the Necessity of Violence">Babel, or the Necessity of Violence</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/R._F._Kuang" title="R. F. Kuang">R. F. Kuang</a> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Saint_of_Bright_Doors" title="The Saint of Bright Doors">The Saint of Bright Doors</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Vajra_Chandrasekera" title="Vajra Chandrasekera">Vajra Chandrasekera</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babel-17&oldid=1255037508">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babel-17&oldid=1255037508</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1966_American_novels" title="Category:1966 American novels">1966 American novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1966_science_fiction_novels" title="Category:1966 science fiction novels">1966 science fiction novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ace_Books_books" title="Category:Ace Books books">Ace Books books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_novels_adapted_into_plays" title="Category:American novels adapted into plays">American novels adapted into plays</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_philosophical_novels" title="Category:American philosophical novels">American philosophical novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_language" title="Category:Fiction about language">Fiction about language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nebula_Award_for_Best_Novel%E2%80%93winning_works" title="Category:Nebula Award for Best Novel–winning works">Nebula Award for Best Novel–winning works</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_by_Samuel_Delany" title="Category:Novels by Samuel Delany">Novels by Samuel Delany</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_plot_summary_needing_attention_from_May_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles with plot summary needing attention from May 2023">Wikipedia articles with plot summary needing attention from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_with_plot_summary_needing_attention" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles with plot summary needing attention">All Wikipedia articles with plot summary needing attention</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2012" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 November 2024, at 20:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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