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Its border includes two-thirds of the length of China's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mongolia_border?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China–Mongolia border">border</a> with the country of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a small section of China's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_border?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China–Russia border">border</a> with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Russia</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zabaykalsky_Krai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zabaykalsky Krai">Zabaykalsky Krai</a>). Its capital is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a>; other major cities include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baotou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baotou">Baotou</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chifeng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordos_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a>. <div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"> <div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style> <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"> <div class="fn org"> Inner Mongolia </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"> <div class="category"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous region</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Name transcription(s)</th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Chinese</th> <td class="infobox-data">内蒙古自治区 (Nèi Měnggǔ Zìzhìqū)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> •  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">Mongolian</th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top; max-height:2em; word-wrap:normal">ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>(Öbhör Mongoliin Öörtöö Jasakh Oron)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> •  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">Abbreviation</th> <td class="infobox-data">NM / 蒙 (Měng)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <div style="background-color:#F5F5F5;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid white;width:265px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <div style="display:table-row"> <div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"> <div style="display:table;background-color:#F5F5F5;border-collapse:collapse"> <div style="display:table-row"> <div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E6%96%B0%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E8%99%8E%E5%8F%B3%E6%97%97_%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F_-_panoramio.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%E6%96%B0%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E8%99%8E%E5%8F%B3%E6%97%97_%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F_-_panoramio.jpg/132px-%E6%96%B0%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E8%99%8E%E5%8F%B3%E6%97%97_%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%25E6%2596%25B0%25E5%25B7%25B4%25E5%25B0%2594%25E8%2599%258E%25E5%258F%25B3%25E6%2597%2597_%25E8%258D%2589%25E5%258E%259F_-_panoramio.jpg/198px-%25E6%2596%25B0%25E5%25B7%25B4%25E5%25B0%2594%25E8%2599%258E%25E5%258F%25B3%25E6%2597%2597_%25E8%258D%2589%25E5%258E%259F_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%25E6%2596%25B0%25E5%25B7%25B4%25E5%25B0%2594%25E8%2599%258E%25E5%258F%25B3%25E6%2597%2597_%25E8%258D%2589%25E5%258E%259F_-_panoramio.jpg/264px-%25E6%2596%25B0%25E5%25B7%25B4%25E5%25B0%2594%25E8%2599%258E%25E5%258F%25B3%25E6%2597%2597_%25E8%258D%2589%25E5%258E%259F_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848"></a> </div> <div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Gegengol_in_Greater_Khingan_forest2017.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Gegengol_in_Greater_Khingan_forest2017.jpg/132px-Gegengol_in_Greater_Khingan_forest2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Gegengol_in_Greater_Khingan_forest2017.jpg/198px-Gegengol_in_Greater_Khingan_forest2017.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Gegengol_in_Greater_Khingan_forest2017.jpg/264px-Gegengol_in_Greater_Khingan_forest2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5511" data-file-height="3674"></a> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display:table;background-color:#F5F5F5;border-collapse:collapse"> <div style="display:table-row"> <div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E6%88%90%E5%90%89%E6%80%9D%E6%B1%97%E9%99%B52021.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%E6%88%90%E5%90%89%E6%80%9D%E6%B1%97%E9%99%B52021.jpg/132px-%E6%88%90%E5%90%89%E6%80%9D%E6%B1%97%E9%99%B52021.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%25E6%2588%2590%25E5%2590%2589%25E6%2580%259D%25E6%25B1%2597%25E9%2599%25B52021.jpg/198px-%25E6%2588%2590%25E5%2590%2589%25E6%2580%259D%25E6%25B1%2597%25E9%2599%25B52021.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%25E6%2588%2590%25E5%2590%2589%25E6%2580%259D%25E6%25B1%2597%25E9%2599%25B52021.jpg/264px-%25E6%2588%2590%25E5%2590%2589%25E6%2580%259D%25E6%25B1%2597%25E9%2599%25B52021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11462" data-file-height="6175"></a> </div> <div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%AC%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%84%E5%AE%9D%E6%AE%BF.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%AC%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%84%E5%AE%9D%E6%AE%BF.jpg/132px-%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%AC%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%84%E5%AE%9D%E6%AE%BF.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%258F%25AC%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%259B%2584%25E5%25AE%259D%25E6%25AE%25BF.jpg/198px-%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%258F%25AC%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%259B%2584%25E5%25AE%259D%25E6%25AE%25BF.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%258F%25AC%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%259B%2584%25E5%25AE%259D%25E6%25AE%25BF.jpg/264px-%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%258F%25AC%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%259B%2584%25E5%25AE%259D%25E6%25AE%25BF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2487" data-file-height="1397"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display:table-row"> <div class="thumbcaption" style="display:table-cell;background-color:#F8F8FF;font-size:95%"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> Clockwise from the top left: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li>Steppes in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hulun_Buir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulun Buir">Hulun Buir</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greater_Khingan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greater Khingan">Greater Khingan</a> range</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dazhao_Temple_(Hohhot)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dazhao Temple (Hohhot)">Dazhao Temple</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Genghis_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mausoleum of Genghis Khan">Mausoleum of Genghis Khan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Inner_Mongolia_in_China_(%2Ball_claims_hatched).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Inner Mongolia within China"><img alt="Location of Inner Mongolia within China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Inner_Mongolia_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/275px-Inner_Mongolia_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Inner_Mongolia_in_China_%2528%252Ball_claims_hatched%2529.svg/413px-Inner_Mongolia_in_China_%2528%252Ball_claims_hatched%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Inner_Mongolia_in_China_%2528%252Ball_claims_hatched%2529.svg/550px-Inner_Mongolia_in_China_%2528%252Ball_claims_hatched%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="940"></a> <div class="ib-settlement-caption"> Location of Inner Mongolia within China </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename%3DInner_Mongolia%26params%3D44_N_113_E_type:adm1st_region:CN-15">44°N 113°E / 44°N 113°E / 44; 113</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th> <td class="infobox-data">China</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baotou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Divisions  - <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level</a>  - <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/County-level_division?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level division">County-level</a>  - <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">Township- level</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia">12 prefectures</a> 103 counties 1025 towns and subdistricts</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous region</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th> <td class="infobox-data agent">Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional People's Congress</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Communist_Party_Secretary_of_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party Secretary of Inner Mongolia">Party Secretary</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sun_Shaocheng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sun Shaocheng">Sun Shaocheng</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Congress Chairman</th> <td class="infobox-data">Sun Shaocheng</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Government Chairwoman</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wang_Lixia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wang Lixia">Wang Lixia</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Regional <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> Chairman</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Yankun&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Zhang Yankun (page does not exist)">Zhang Yankun</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> Representation</th> <td class="infobox-data">58 deputies</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area <div class="ib-settlement-fn"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mofcom-1">[1]</a> </div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;">  • Total </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">1,183,000 km2 (457,000 sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by area">3rd</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation <div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Main Peak, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helan_Mountains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helan Mountains">Helan Mountains</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-quaternary-2">[2]</a>) </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">3,556 m (11,667 ft)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population <div class="ib-settlement-fn">  (2020)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a> </div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;">  • Total </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">24,049,155</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population">25th</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th> <td class="infobox-data">20/km2 (53/sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population_density?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population density">28th</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Ethnic composition</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han Chinese">Han</a> – 78.7% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongols_in_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongols in China">Mongol</a> – 17.7% Others – 3.6%</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Languages and dialects</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oirat_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oirat language">Oirat</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buryat_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buryat language">Buryat</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dagur_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dagur language">Dagur</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evenki_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evenki language">Evenki</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jin_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jin Chinese">Jin</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gross_domestic_product?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> (2023) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GDPdata-5">[5]</a> <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CN%C2%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CN¥">CN¥</a> 2,463 billion (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP">21th</a>) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/US%24?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 349 billion</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th> <td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 102,677 (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita">8th</a>) US$ 14,571</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th> <td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-NM</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Human_Development_Index?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)</th> <td class="infobox-data">0.798<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SHDI-6">[6]</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_HDI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI">8th</a>) – <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>high</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nmg.gov.cn/">www.nmg.gov.cn</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41079%23P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a> (in Chinese) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mgl.nmg.gov.cn/l">Mongol version</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <table class="infobox"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Inner Mongolia</th> </tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Inner_Mongolia_(Chinese_characters,_simplified_only).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Inner_Mongolia_%28Chinese_characters%2C_simplified_only%29.svg/180px-Inner_Mongolia_%28Chinese_characters%2C_simplified_only%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Inner_Mongolia_%2528Chinese_characters%252C_simplified_only%2529.svg/270px-Inner_Mongolia_%2528Chinese_characters%252C_simplified_only%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Inner_Mongolia_%2528Chinese_characters%252C_simplified_only%2529.svg/360px-Inner_Mongolia_%2528Chinese_characters%252C_simplified_only%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="202"></a> <div class="infobox-caption"> "Inner Mongolia" in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Oburmonggul.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Oburmonggul.svg/80px-Oburmonggul.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Oburmonggul.svg/120px-Oburmonggul.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Oburmonggul.svg/160px-Oburmonggul.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="190"></a> <div class="infobox-caption"> "Inner Mongolia" in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian script</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%2586%2585%25E8%2592%2599%25E5%258F%25A4" class="extiw" title="wikt:内蒙古">内蒙古</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%2585%25A7%25E8%2592%2599%25E5%258F%25A4" class="extiw" title="wikt:內蒙古">內蒙古</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Nèi Měnggǔ</td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th> <td class="infobox-data">Inner Mongolia</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Standard_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Nèi Měnggǔ</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">ㄋㄟˋ   ㄇㄥˇ    ㄍㄨˇ</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Ney Meengguu</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Nei4 Meng3-ku3</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Nèi Měnggǔ</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[nêɪ mə̀ŋ.kù]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandarin Chinese">other Mandarin</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xiao%27erjing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">نُوِ مْ‌ٍ‌قُ</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dungan_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dungan language">Dungan</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Луй Мынгў</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wu_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Ne Monku</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Noih Mùhng gú</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jyutping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Noi6 mung4 gu2</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[nɔj˨ mʊŋ˩ ku˧˥]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southern_Min?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hokkien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Lāi-bông-kó</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%2586%2585%25E8%2592%2599%25E5%258F%25A4" class="extiw" title="wikt:内蒙古">内蒙古</a><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E8%2587%25AA%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E5%258C%25BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:自治区">自治区</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%2585%25A7%25E8%2592%2599%25E5%258F%25A4" class="extiw" title="wikt:內蒙古">內蒙古</a><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E8%2587%25AA%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E5%258D%2580" class="extiw" title="wikt:自治區">自治區</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Nèiměnggǔ Zìzhìqū</td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Standard_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Nèiměnggǔ Zìzhìqū</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li>ㄋㄟˋ   ㄇㄥˇ   ㄍㄨˇ</li> <li>ㄗˋ   ㄓˋ   ㄑㄩ</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Ney Meengguu Tzyhjyhchiu</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Nei4 Meng3-ku3 Tzu4-chih4-ch'ü1</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Nèiměnggǔ Zìhjhìhcyu</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[nêɪ mɤ̌ŋkù t͡sɹ̩̂ʈ͡ʂɻ̩̂t͡ɕʰʏ́]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandarin Chinese">other Mandarin</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xiao%27erjing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">نُوِ مْ‌ٍ‌قُ زِجِ‌کِیُوِ</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dungan_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dungan language">Dungan</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Луй Мынгў Зыҗычү</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wu_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Ne Monku Zyzychiu</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Noih mùhng gú Jih jih kēui</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jyutping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Noi6 mung4 gu2 Zi6 zi6 keoi1</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[nɔj˨ mʊŋ˩ ku˧˥ tsi˨ tsi˨ kʰɵɥ˥]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southern_Min?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hokkien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Lāi-bông-kó Chū-tī-khu</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Mongolian name</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_Cyrillic_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Cyrillic script">Mongolian Cyrillic</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Өвөр Монгол</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian script</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"> <div title="Mongolian-language text"> <div lang="mn"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li>ᠦᠪᠦᠷ</li> <li>ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SASM/GNC_romanization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mongolian" title="SASM/GNC romanization">SASM/GNC</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Öbhör Mongol</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Uyghur name</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uyghur_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1074196468">.mw-parser-output .font-uig{font-family:"UKIJ Tuz","UKIJ Nasq","UKIJ Basma","UKIJ_Mac Basma","UKIJ Zilwa","UKIJ Esliye","UKIJ Tuz Basma","UKIJ Tuz Kitab","UKIJ Tuz Gezit","UKIJ Tuz Qara","UKIJ Tuz Qara","UKIJ Tuz Tor","UKIJ Kesme","UKIJ Kesme Tuz","UKIJ Qara","UKIJ Basma Aq","UKIJ Basma Qara","UKIJ Basma Tuz","UKIJ Putuk","UKIJ Tuz Xet","UKIJ Tom Xet","UKIJ Tuz Jurnal","UKIJ Arabic","UKIJ CJK","UKIJ Ekran","UKIJ_Mac Ekran","UKIJ Teng","UKIJ Tor","UKIJ Tuz Tom","UKIJ Mono Keng","UKIJ Mono Tar","UKIJ Nokia","UKIJ SimSun","UKIJ Yanfon","UKIJ Qolyazma","UKIJ Saet","UKIJ Nasq Zilwa","UKIJ Sulus","UKIJ Sulus Tom","UKIJ 3D","UKIJ Diwani","UKIJ Diwani Yantu","UKIJ Diwani Tom","UKIJ Esliye Tom","UKIJ Esliye Qara","UKIJ Jelliy","UKIJ Kufi","UKIJ Kufi Tar","UKIJ Kufi Uz","UKIJ Kufi Yay","UKIJ Merdane","UKIJ Ruqi","UKIJ Mejnuntal","UKIJ Junun","UKIJ Moy Qelem","UKIJ Chiwer Kesme","UKIJ Orxun-Yensey","UKIJ Elipbe","UKIJ Qolyazma Tez","UKIJ Qolyazma Tuz","UKIJ Qolyazma Yantu","UKIJ Ruqi Tuz",FZWWBBOT_Unicode,FZWWHQHTOT_Unicode,"Scheherazade New",Scheherazade,Lateef,LateefGR,"Microsoft Uighur","Noto Naskh Arabic","Times New Roman",Arial,"Microsoft Sans Serif";font-feature-settings:"cv50"1}</style>ئىچكى موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم رايونى Ichki Mongghul Aptonom Rayoni‎</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Manchu name</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchu_alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu script</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc" class="font-mong-mnc" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family:'Mongolian Baiti', 'Mongol Universal White', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Abkai Xanyan', 'Abkai Xanyan LA', 'Abkai Xanyan VT', 'Abkai Xanyan XX', 'Abkai Xanyan SC', 'Abkai Buleku', 'Daicing White', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT'; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li>ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ</li> <li>ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transliterations_of_Manchu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transliterations of Manchu">Romanization</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Dorgi monggo</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Buryat name</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buryat_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buryat language">Buryat</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Үбэр Монгол Über Mongol</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Kyrgyz name</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyrgyz_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">ئچكئ مونعولئيا Ichki Mongolia</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Kazakh name</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kazakh_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">ٴىشكى موڭعوليا Işkı Moñğolia</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Tuvan name</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tuvan_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Övür Mool oran Өвүр Моол оран</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Standard Tibetan name</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Standard_Tibetan_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan language">Standard Tibetan</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">ནང་སོག་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས།</td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style> <div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Monggol_bicig.svg/11px-Monggol_bicig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Monggol_bicig.svg/17px-Monggol_bicig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Monggol_bicig.svg/23px-Monggol_bicig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="480"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> This article contains <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian script</a>. Without proper <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mongolian" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of text in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian script</a>. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> The autonomous region was established in 1947, incorporating the areas of the former <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> provinces of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suiyuan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suiyuan">Suiyuan</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chahar_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chahar Province">Chahar</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehe_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rehe Province">Rehe</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liaobei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liaobei">Liaobei</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xing%27an_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xing'an Province">Xing'an</a>, along with the northern parts of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gansu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ningxia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a>. Its area makes it the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by area">third largest Chinese administrative subdivision</a>, constituting approximately 1,200,000 km2 (463,000 sq mi) and 12% of China's total land area. Due to its long span from east to west, Inner Mongolia is geographically divided into eastern and western divisions. The eastern division is often included in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northeastern_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern China">Northeastern China</a> (Dongbei), with major cities including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chifeng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hailar_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hailar District">Hailar</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulanhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</a>. The western division is included in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North China">North China</a>, with major cities including Baotou and Hohhot. It recorded a population of 24,706,321 in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sixth_National_Population_Census_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China">2010 census</a>, accounting for 1.84% of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mainland_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a>'s total population. Inner Mongolia is the country's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population">23rd</a> most populous <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Provinces_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Provinces of China">province-level division</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[7]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> make up the majority of the population in the region; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongols_in_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongols in China">Mongols</a> constitute a significant minority with over 4 million people,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ethnicity-10">[8]</a> making it the largest Mongol population in the world (larger than that of the country <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[9]</a> Inner Mongolia is one of the more economically developed provinces in China with annual GDP per capita at US$14,343 (2022), ranked 8th in the nation. The official languages are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese language">Mandarin</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>, the latter of which is written in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian script">traditional Mongolian script</a>, as opposed to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_Cyrillic_alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet">Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet</a>, which is used in the country of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> (formerly often described as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Outer_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Outer Mongolia">Outer Mongolia</a>). <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etymology">1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Early_history">2.1 Early history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mongol_and_Ming_periods">2.2 Mongol and Ming periods</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Qing_period">2.3 Qing period</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Republic_of_China_and_the_Second_World_War_periods">2.4 Republic of China and the Second World War periods</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#People's_Republic_of_China">2.5 People's Republic of China</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geography">3 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Climate">3.1 Climate</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Climate_crisis">3.1.1 Climate crisis</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Administrative_divisions">4 Administrative divisions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Urban_areas">4.1 Urban areas</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Economy">5 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Economic_and_Technological_Development_Zones">5.1 Economic and Technological Development Zones</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Transport">6 Transport</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Railway">6.1 Railway</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Government_and_politics">7 Government and politics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Demographics">8 Demographics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Language_and_culture">9 Language and culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Religion">10 Religion</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tourism">11 Tourism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Education">12 Education</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Colleges_and_universities">12.1 Colleges and universities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Language_policy_and_protest">12.2 Language policy and protest</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Image_gallery">13 Image gallery</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">14 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes">15 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">16 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading">17 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">18 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This section possibly contains <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a>. Please <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DInner_Mongolia%26action%3Dedit">improve it</a> by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (December 2019) (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> In Chinese, the region is known as "Inner Mongolia", where the terms of "Inner and "Outer" are derived from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchu_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a> dorgi and tulergi (cf. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> dotugadu and gadagadu). Inner Mongolia is distinct from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Outer_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Outer Mongolia">Outer Mongolia</a>, which was a term used by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> and previous governments to refer to what is now the independent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovereign_state?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovereign state">state</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tuva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tuva">Republic of Tuva</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Russia</a>. The term Inner 内 (Nei) referred to the Nei Fan 内藩 (Inner Tributary), i.e., those descendants of Genghis Khan who were granted the title khan (king) in the Ming and Qing dynasties and lived in part of southern Mongolia. Due to the perceived <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sinocentrism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sinocentrism">Sinocentric</a> nature of the name "Inner Mongolia", some Mongols outside of China, particularly those in the state of Mongolia, prefer the name "Southern Mongolia". However, this name has not been adopted officially by any government bodies.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Borjigin-12">[10]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of Mongolia">History of Mongolia</a> </div> Much of what is known about the history of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a> is taken from Chinese chronicles and historians. Before the rise of the Mongols in the 13th century, what is now central and western Inner Mongolia, especially the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hetao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hetao">Hetao</a> region, alternated in control between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han Chinese">Chinese</a> farming communities in the south, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xiongnu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xianbei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khitan_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jurchen_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tujue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tujue">Tujue</a>, and nomadic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongols_in_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongols in China">Mongol</a> of the north. The historical narrative of what is now Eastern Inner Mongolia mostly consists of alternations between different <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tungusic_peoples?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tungusic peoples">Tungusic</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongols_in_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongols in China">Mongol</a> tribes, rather than the struggle between nomads and Chinese farmers. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Early history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_dynasty_in_Inner_Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han dynasty in Inner Asia">Han dynasty in Inner Asia</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tang_dynasty_in_Inner_Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tang dynasty in Inner Asia">Tang dynasty in Inner Asia</a> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slab_Grave_Culture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Slab Grave Culture">Slab Grave cultural</a> monuments are found in Northern, Central and Eastern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, Inner Mongolia, North-Western China, Southern, Central-Eastern and Southern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baikal_Lake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Baikal Lake">Baikal</a> territory. Mongolian scholars prove that this culture related to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proto-Mongols?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proto-Mongols">Proto-Mongols</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[11]</a> During the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zhou_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a>, Central and Western Inner Mongolia (the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hetao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hetao">Hetao</a> region and surrounding areas) were inhabited by nomadic peoples such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Loufan_(people)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Loufan (people) (page does not exist)">Loufan</a>, Linhu and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beidi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beidi">Dí</a>, while Eastern Inner Mongolia was inhabited by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donghu_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donghu people">Donghu</a>. During the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warring_States_period?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/King_Wuling_of_Zhao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="King Wuling of Zhao">King Wuling</a> (340–295 BC) of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_of_Zhao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Zhao">state of Zhao</a> based in what is now <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shanxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shanxi">Shanxi Provinces</a> pursued an expansionist policy towards the region. After destroying the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beidi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beidi">Dí</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_of_Zhongshan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Zhongshan">state of Zhongshan</a> in what is now Hebei province, he defeated the Linhu and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Loufan_(people)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Loufan (people) (page does not exist)">Loufan</a> and created the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yunzhong_Commandery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yunzhong Commandery">Yunzhong Commandery</a> near modern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a>. King Wuling of Zhao also built a long wall stretching through the Hetao region. After <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shi Huang</a> created the first unified Chinese empire in 221 BC, he sent the general <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meng_Tian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meng Tian">Meng Tian</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qin%27s_campaign_against_the_Xiongnu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qin's campaign against the Xiongnu">drive the Xiongnu from the region</a> and incorporated the old Zhao wall into the Qin dynasty Great Wall of China. He also maintained two commanderies in the region: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jiuyuan_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jiuyuan Commandery (page does not exist)">Jiuyuan</a> and Yunzhong and moved 30,000 households there to solidify the region. After the Qin dynasty collapsed in 206 BC, these efforts were abandoned.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[12]</a> During the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Western_Han_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Han dynasty">Western Han dynasty</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Han?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emperor Wu of Han">Emperor Wu</a> sent the general <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wei_Qing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wei Qing">Wei Qing</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han%E2%80%93Xiongnu_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Han–Xiongnu War">reconquer the Hetao region from the Xiongnu</a> in 127 BC. After the conquest, Emperor Wu continued the policy of building settlements in Hetao to defend against the Xiong-Nu. In that same year, he established the commanderies of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shuofang_Commandery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shuofang Commandery">Shuofang</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wuyuan_Commandery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wuyuan Commandery">Wuyuan</a> in Hetao. At the same time, what is now Eastern Inner Mongolia was controlled by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xianbei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a>, who would, later on, eclipse the Xiongnu in power and influence. During the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eastern_Han_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Han dynasty">Eastern Han dynasty</a> (25–220 AD), Xiongnu who surrendered to the Han dynasty began to be settled in Hetao and intermingled with the Han immigrants in the area. Later on, during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Western_Jin_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Jin dynasty">Western Jin dynasty</a>, it was a Xiongnu noble from Hetao, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liu_Yuan_(Han_Zhao)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)">Liu Yuan</a>, who established the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_Zhao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Han Zhao">Han Zhao</a> kingdom in the region, thereby beginning the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a> period that saw the disintegration of northern China under a variety of Han and non-Han (including Xiongnu and Xianbei) regimes. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sui_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> (581–618) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tang_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907) re-established a unified Chinese empire and like their predecessors, they conquered and settled people into Hetao, though once again these efforts were aborted when the Tang empire began to collapse. Hetao (along with the rest of what now consists Inner Mongolia) was then taken over by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liao_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> founded by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khitan_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khitan people">Khitans</a>, a nomadic people originally from what is now the southern part of Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia. They were followed by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Western_Xia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tangut_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tangut people">Tanguts</a>, who took control of what is now the western part of Inner Mongolia (including Western Hetao). The Khitans were later replaced by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jurchens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurchens">Jurchens</a>, precursors to the modern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchu_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchu people">Manchus</a>, who established the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> over Manchuria and Northern China. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Mongol_and_Ming_periods">Mongol and Ming periods</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Mongol and Ming periods" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main articles: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongol_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolia_under_Yuan_rule?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolia under Yuan rule">Mongolia under Yuan rule</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northern_Yuan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northern Yuan">Northern Yuan</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ming_dynasty_in_Inner_Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ming dynasty in Inner Asia">Ming dynasty in Inner Asia</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Si%C3%A8ge_de_Beijing_(1213-1214).jpeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Beijing_%281213-1214%29.jpeg/220px-Si%C3%A8ge_de_Beijing_%281213-1214%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1503" data-file-height="1181"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 173px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Beijing_%281213-1214%29.jpeg/220px-Si%C3%A8ge_de_Beijing_%281213-1214%29.jpeg" data-width="220" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Beijing_%281213-1214%29.jpeg/330px-Si%C3%A8ge_de_Beijing_%281213-1214%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Beijing_%281213-1214%29.jpeg/440px-Si%C3%A8ge_de_Beijing_%281213-1214%29.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persian_miniature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persian miniature">Persian miniature</a> depicting <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genghis_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> entering <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beijing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Northern_Yuan.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Northern_Yuan.png/220px-Northern_Yuan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="339"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 184px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Northern_Yuan.png/220px-Northern_Yuan.png" data-width="220" data-height="184" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Northern_Yuan.png/330px-Northern_Yuan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Northern_Yuan.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The Northern Yuan at its greatest extent </figcaption> </figure> After <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genghis_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> unified the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> tribes in 1206 and founded the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongol_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tanguts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanguts">Tangut</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Western_Xia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> empire was ultimately conquered in 1227, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jurchens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurchens">Jurchen</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> fell in 1234. In 1271, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kublai_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>, the grandson of Genghis Khan established the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yuan_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>. Kublai Khan's summer capital <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shangdu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shangdu">Shangdu</a> (aka Xanadu) was located near present-day <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duolun_County?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duolun County">Dolonnor</a>. During that time <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ongud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ongud">Ongud</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khunggirad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Khunggirad">Khunggirad</a> peoples dominated the area of what is now Inner Mongolia. After the Yuan dynasty was overthrown by the Han-led <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ming_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> in 1368, the Ming captured parts of Inner Mongolia including Shangdu and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yingchang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yingchang">Yingchang</a>. The Ming rebuilt the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</a> at its present location, which roughly follows the southern border of the modern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (though it deviates significantly at the Hebei-Inner Mongolia border). The Ming established the Three Guards composed of the Mongols there. Soon after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tumu_incident?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumu incident">Tumu incident</a> in 1449, when the Oirat ruler <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esen_taishi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Esen taishi">Esen taishi</a> captured the Chinese emperor, Mongols flooded south from Outer Mongolia to Inner Mongolia. Thus from then on until 1635, Inner Mongolia was the political and cultural center of the Mongols during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northern_Yuan_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Yuan dynasty">Northern Yuan dynasty</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Qing_period">Qing period</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Qing period" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolia_under_Qing_rule?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolia under Qing rule">Mongolia under Qing rule</a> </div> The eastern Mongol tribes near and in Manchuria, particularly the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khorchin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorchin">Khorchin</a> and Southern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khalkha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalkha">Khalkha</a> in today's Inner Mongolia intermarried, formed alliances with, and fought against the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jurchen_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen</a> tribes until <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nurhaci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nurhaci">Nurhaci</a>, the founder of the new Jin dynasty, consolidated his control over all groups in the area in 1593.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[14]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchus">Manchus</a> gained far-reaching control of the Inner Mongolian tribes in 1635, when <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligden_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligden Khan">Ligden Khan</a>'s son surrendered the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chahar_Mongols?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chahar Mongols">Chakhar</a> Mongol tribes to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchus">Manchus</a>. The Manchus subsequently invaded Ming China in 1644, bringing it under the control of their newly established <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qing_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. Under the Qing dynasty (1644–1912), the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a> was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolia_under_Qing_rule?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolia under Qing rule">administered</a> in a different way for each region: <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg/220px-Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3348" data-file-height="2542"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg/220px-Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg/330px-Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg/440px-Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Mongolia plateau during early 17th century </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Qing_Dynasty_1820.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Qing_Dynasty_1820.png/220px-Qing_Dynasty_1820.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="675"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 163px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Qing_Dynasty_1820.png/220px-Qing_Dynasty_1820.png" data-width="220" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Qing_Dynasty_1820.png/330px-Qing_Dynasty_1820.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Qing_Dynasty_1820.png/440px-Qing_Dynasty_1820.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Inner Mongolia and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Outer_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Outer Mongolia">Outer Mongolia</a> within the Qing dynasty, c. 1820 </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li>"Outer Mongolia": This region corresponds to the modern state of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, plus the Russian-administered region of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tannu_Uriankhai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tannu Uriankhai">Tannu Uriankhai</a>, and modern-day aimag of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bayan-%C3%96lgii?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayan-Ölgii">Bayan-Ölgii</a> which historically was a part of northern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xinjiang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> under China's Qing Dynasty. It included the four leagues (aimag) of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha Mongols</a> north of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gobi_Desert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gobi Desert">Gobi Desert</a>, as well as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tannu_Uriankhai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tannu Uriankhai">Tannu Uriankhai</a> which largely corresponds to modern-day <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tuva_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuva Republic">Tuva Republic</a> of Russia, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khovd_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khovd Province">Khovd</a> regions in northwestern Mongolia, which were overseen by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uliastai_General?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uliastai General">General of Uliastai</a> from the city of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uliastai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uliastai">Uliastai</a>.</li> <li>"Inner Mongolia": This region corresponded to most of modern Inner Mongolia and some neighbouring areas in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liaoning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jilin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jilin">Jilin</a> provinces. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banners_of_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banners of Inner Mongolia">banners</a> and tribes in this region came under six <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leagues_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leagues of China">leagues</a> (chuulghan): <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao">Jirim</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juuuda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Juuuda">Juuuda</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josutu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Josutu">Josutu</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xilingol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Xilingol">Xilingol</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulanqab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yekejuu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Yekejuu">Yekejuu</a>.</li> <li>"Taoxi Mongolia": The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alashan_%C3%96%C3%B6l%C3%BCd&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alashan Öölüd (page does not exist)">Alashan Öölüd</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ejine_Torghuud&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ejine Torghuud (page does not exist)">Ejine Torghuud</a> banners were separate from the aimags of Outer Mongolia and the chuulghans of Inner Mongolia. This territory is equivalent to modern-day <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alxa_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alxa League">Alxa League</a>, the westernmost part of what is now Inner Mongolia.</li> <li>The Chahar <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banners_of_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banners of Inner Mongolia">Banners</a> were controlled by the military commander of Chahar (now <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zhangjiakou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a>). Their extent corresponded to southern Ulanqab and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bayannur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a> in modern Inner Mongolia, plus the region around <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zhangjiakou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> province. At the same time, the jurisdiction of some border departments of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zhili_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhili Province">Zhili</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shanxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> provinces also belonged to this region.</li> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Guihua_T%C3%BCmed&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Guihua Tümed (page does not exist)">Guihua Tümed</a> banner was controlled by the military commander of Suiyuan (now <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a>). This corresponds to the vicinities of the modern city of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a>. At the same time, the jurisdiction of some border departments of modern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shanxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> province also belonged to this region.</li> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hulunbuir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a> region in what is now northeastern Inner Mongolia was part of the jurisdiction of the General of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heilongjiang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a>, one of the three generals of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchuria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>.</li> </ul> The Inner Mongolian <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chahar_Mongols?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chahar Mongols">Chahar</a> leader <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligdan_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligdan Khan">Ligdan Khan</a>, a descendant of Genghis Khan, opposed and fought against the Qing until he died of smallpox in 1634. Thereafter, the Inner Mongols under his son <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ejei_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ejei Khan">Ejei Khan</a> surrendered to the Qing. Ejei Khan was given the title of Prince (親王; qīn wáng), and Inner Mongolian nobility became closely tied to the Qing royal family and intermarried with them extensively. Ejei Khan died in 1661 and was succeeded by his brother Abunai. After Abunai showed disaffection with Manchu Qing rule, he was placed under house arrest in 1669 in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shenyang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a> and the Kangxi Emperor gave his title to his son Borni. Abunai then bid his time and then he and his brother Lubuzung revolted against the Qing in 1675 during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Three_Feudatories?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolt of the Three Feudatories">Revolt of the Three Feudatories</a>, with 3,000 Chahar Mongol followers joining in on the revolt. The revolt was put down within two months, the Qing then crushed the rebels in a battle on 20 April 1675, killing Abunai and all his followers. Their title was abolished, all Chahar Mongol royal males were executed even if they were born to Manchu Qing princesses, and all Chahar Mongol royal females were sold into slavery except the Manchu Qing princesses. The Chahar Mongols were then put under the direct control of the Qing Emperor, unlike the other Inner Mongol leagues which maintained their autonomy. Despite officially prohibiting Han Chinese settlement on the Manchu and Mongol lands, by the 18th century the Qing decided to settle Han refugees from northern China who were suffering from famine, floods, and drought into Manchuria and Inner Mongolia. As a result, the Han Chinese farmed 500,000 hectares in Manchuria and tens of thousands of hectares in Inner Mongolia by the 1780s.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[15]</a> Ordinary Mongols were not allowed to travel outside their own leagues. Mongols were forbidden by the Qing from crossing the borders of their banners, even into other Mongol Banners and from crossing into neidi (the Han Chinese 18 provinces) and were given serious punishments if they did in order to keep the Mongols divided against each other to benefit the Qing.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[16]</a> Mongol pilgrims wanting to leave their banner's borders for religious reasons such as pilgrimage had to apply for passports to give them permission.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[17]</a> During the eighteenth century, growing numbers of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> settlers had illegally begun to move into the Inner Mongolian steppe. By 1791, there had been so many Han Chinese settlers in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qian_Gorlos_Mongol_Autonomous_County?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County">Front Gorlos Banner</a> that the jasak had petitioned the Qing government to legalise the status of the peasants who had already settled there.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[18]</a> During the nineteenth century, the Manchus were becoming increasingly sinicised and faced with the Russian threat, they began to encourage Han Chinese farmers to settle in both Mongolia and Manchuria. This policy was followed by subsequent governments. The railroads that were being built in these regions were especially useful to the Han Chinese settlers. Land was either sold by Mongol Princes, or leased to Han Chinese farmers, or simply taken away from the nomads and given to Han Chinese farmers. A group of Han Chinese during the Qing dynasty called "Mongol followers" immigrated to Inner Mongolia who worked as servants for Mongols and Mongol princes and married Mongol women. Their descendants continued to marry Mongol women and changed their ethnicity to Mongol as they assimilated into the Mongol people, an example of this were the ancestors of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Li_Shouxin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Li Shouxin">Li Shouxin</a>. They distinguished themselves apart from "true Mongols" 真蒙古.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[19]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[20]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Republic_of_China_and_the_Second_World_War_periods">Republic of China and the Second World War periods</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Republic of China and the Second World War periods" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolia_(1911%E2%80%9324)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolia (1911–24)">Mongolia (1911–24)</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party">Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mengjiang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongol_United_Autonomous_Government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongol United Autonomous Government">Mongol United Autonomous Government</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:1912_Inner_Mongolia.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/1912_Inner_Mongolia.jpg/220px-1912_Inner_Mongolia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="741"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/1912_Inner_Mongolia.jpg/220px-1912_Inner_Mongolia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/1912_Inner_Mongolia.jpg/330px-1912_Inner_Mongolia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/1912_Inner_Mongolia.jpg/440px-1912_Inner_Mongolia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Mongols stand in front of a yurt, 1912 </figcaption> </figure> Outer Mongolia gained independence from the Qing dynasty in 1911, when the Jebtsundamba Khutugtu of the Khalkha was declared the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bogd_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bogd Khan">Bogd Khan</a> of Mongolia. Although almost all banners of Inner Mongolia recognised the Bogd Khan as the supreme ruler of Mongols, the internal strife within the region prevented a full reunification. The Mongol rebellions in Inner Mongolia were counterbalanced by princes who hoped to see a restored Qing dynasty in Manchuria and Mongolia, as they considered the theocratic rule of the Bogd Khan would be against their modernising objectives for Mongolia.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[22]</a> Eventually, the newly formed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> promised a new nation of five races (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han Chinese">Han</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongols_in_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongols in China">Mongol</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tibetan_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uyghur_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur people">Uyghur</a>).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[23]</a> and suppressed the Mongol rebellions in the area.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[24]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[25]</a> The Republic of China reorganised Inner Mongolia into provinces: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehe_(province)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rehe (province)">Rehe</a> province was created to include the Juuuda and Josutu leagues, plus the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chengde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chengde">Chengde</a> area in what is now northern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chahar_(province)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chahar (province)">Chahar</a> province was created to include Xilingol league as well as much of the former territory of the Eight Banners.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suiyuan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suiyuan">Suiyuan</a> province was created to include Ulanqab league, Yekejuu league, and the Hetao region (former Guihua Tümed territory).</li> <li>Hulunbuir stayed within <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heilongjiang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a> in Manchuria, which had become a province.</li> <li>Most of Jirim league came under the new province of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liaoning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liaoning">Fengtian</a> in southern Manchuria.</li> <li>Taoxi Mongolia, i.e., Alashan and Ejine leagues, was incorporated into neighbouring <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gansu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> province. Later on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ningxia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a> province was split out of northern Gansu, and Taoxi Mongolia became part of Ningxia.</li> </ul> Some <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republic_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> maps still show this structure. The history of Inner Mongolia during the Second World War is complicated, with Japanese invasion and different kinds of resistance movements. In 1931, Manchuria came under the control of the Japanese puppet state <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchukuo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a>, taking some Mongol areas in the Manchurian provinces (i.e., Hulunbuir and Jirim leagues) along. Rehe was also incorporated into Manchukuo in 1933, taking Juu Uda and Josutu leagues along with it. These areas were occupied by Manchukuo until the end of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World War II">World War II</a> in 1945. In 1937, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_of_Japan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> openly and fully invaded the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>. On 8 December 1937, Mongolian Prince <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demchugdongrub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demchugdongrub">Demchugdongrub</a> (also known as "De Wang") declared independence for the remaining parts of Inner Mongolia (i.e., the Suiyuan and Chahar provinces) as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mengjiang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang</a>, and signed agreements with Manchukuo and Japan. Its capital was established at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zhangbei_Town?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangbei Town">Zhangbei</a> (now in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> province), with the Japanese puppet government's control extending as far west as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a> region. The Japanese advance was defeated by Hui Muslim General <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ma_Hongbin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ma Hongbin">Ma Hongbin</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_West_Suiyuan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of West Suiyuan">Battle of West Suiyuan</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Wuyuan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Wuyuan">Battle of Wuyuan</a>. Since 1945, Inner Mongolia has remained part of China. The Mongol <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulanhu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a> fought against the Japanese. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Delegates_of_Inner_Mongolia_People%27s_Congress_shouting_slogans.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Delegates_of_Inner_Mongolia_People%27s_Congress_shouting_slogans.jpg/220px-Delegates_of_Inner_Mongolia_People%27s_Congress_shouting_slogans.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="680"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Delegates_of_Inner_Mongolia_People%27s_Congress_shouting_slogans.jpg/220px-Delegates_of_Inner_Mongolia_People%27s_Congress_shouting_slogans.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Delegates_of_Inner_Mongolia_People%27s_Congress_shouting_slogans.jpg/330px-Delegates_of_Inner_Mongolia_People%27s_Congress_shouting_slogans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Delegates_of_Inner_Mongolia_People%27s_Congress_shouting_slogans.jpg/440px-Delegates_of_Inner_Mongolia_People%27s_Congress_shouting_slogans.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Delegates of Inner Mongolia People's Congress shouting slogans </figcaption> </figure> Ethnic Mongolian guerrilla units were created by the Kuomintang Nationalists to fight against the Japanese during the war in the late 30s and early 40s. These Mongol militias were created by the Ejine and Alashaa based commissioner's offices created by the Kuomintang.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lin-28">[26]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[27]</a> Prince Demchugdongrub's Mongols were targeted by Kuomintang Mongols to defect to the Republic of China. The Nationalists recruited 1,700 ethnic minority fighters in Inner Mongolia and created war zones in the Tumet Banner, Ulanchab League, and Ordos Yekejuu League.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lin-28">[26]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lin2-30">[28]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inner Mongolian People's Republic">Inner Mongolian People's Republic</a> was founded shortly after the Second World War. It existed from 9 September 1945 until 6 November 1945. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="People's_Republic_of_China">People's Republic of China</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: People's Republic of China" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Communist movement gradually gained momentum as part of the Third Communist International in Inner Mongolia during the Japanese period. By the end of WWII, the Inner Mongolian faction of the ComIntern had a functional militia and actively opposed the attempts at independence by De Wang's Chinggisid princes on the grounds of fighting feudalism. Following the end of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Chinese Communists</a> gained control of Manchuria as well as the Inner Mongolian Communists with decisive Soviet support and established the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 1947. The Comintern army was absorbed into the People's Liberation Army. Initially, the autonomous region included just the Hulunbuir region. Over the next decade, as the communists established the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> and consolidated control over mainland China, Inner Mongolia was expanded westwards to include five of the six original leagues (except Josutu League, which remains in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liaoning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a> province), the northern part of the Chahar region, by then a league as well (southern Chahar remains in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> province), the Hetao region, and the Alashan and Ejine banners. Eventually, nearly all areas with sizeable Mongol populations were incorporated into the region, giving present-day Inner Mongolia its elongated shape. The leader of Inner Mongolia during that time, as both regional CPC secretary and head of regional government, was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulanhu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a>. During the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cultural_Revolution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, the administration of Ulanhu was purged, and a wave of repressions was initiated against the Mongol population of the autonomous region.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[29]</a> Among the victims in Inner Mongolia, 75 per cent were Mongols, even though they only constituted 10 per cent of the population.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[30]</a> In 1969, much of Inner Mongolia was distributed among surrounding provinces, with Hulunbuir divided between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heilongjiang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jilin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>, Jirim going to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jilin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>, Juu Uda to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liaoning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a>, and the Alashan and Ejine region divided among <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gansu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ningxia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a>. This decision was reversed in 1979. Inner Mongolia was underdeveloped until the early 2000s, when huge <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mining_industry_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mining industry of China">mineral deposits</a> including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coal_in_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coal in China">coal</a> (such as Dongsheng Coalfield) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rare_earth_industry_in_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rare earth industry in China">rare earth metals</a> were discovered.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Zhan-2022-33">[31]</a>: 47 GDP growth has continually been over 10%, even 15% and connections with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolf_Economy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolf Economy">Wolf Economy</a> to the north has helped development. However, growth has come at a cost with huge amounts of pollution and degradation to the grasslands.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[32]</a> Attempts to attract <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han Chinese">ethnic Chinese</a> to migrate from other regions, as well as urbanise those rural nomads and peasants has led to huge amounts of corruption and waste in public spending, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordos_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordos City">Ordos City</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[33]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[34]</a> Acute uneven <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wealth_distribution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth distribution">wealth distribution</a> has further exacerbated ethnic tensions, many indigenous Mongolians feeling they are increasingly marginalised in their own homeland, leading to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011_Inner_Mongolia_unrest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011 Inner Mongolia unrest">riots in 2011</a> and 2013.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[35]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[36]</a> On 31 August 2020, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2020_Inner_Mongolia_protests?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2020 Inner Mongolia protests">large protests</a> broke out in ethnic Mongol communities due to unannounced plans by the Chinese government to phase out Mongolian-medium teaching.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[37]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[38]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[39]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Grasslands-menggu.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Grasslands-menggu.jpg/303px-Grasslands-menggu.jpg" decoding="async" width="303" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 303px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Grasslands-menggu.jpg/303px-Grasslands-menggu.jpg" data-width="303" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Grasslands-menggu.jpg/455px-Grasslands-menggu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Grasslands-menggu.jpg/606px-Grasslands-menggu.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Inner Mongolian steppes </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Inner_Mongolia_Map.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Inner_Mongolia_Map.png/302px-Inner_Mongolia_Map.png" decoding="async" width="302" height="208" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1090" data-file-height="750"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 302px;height: 208px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Inner_Mongolia_Map.png/302px-Inner_Mongolia_Map.png" data-width="302" data-height="208" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Inner_Mongolia_Map.png/453px-Inner_Mongolia_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Inner_Mongolia_Map.png/604px-Inner_Mongolia_Map.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Topography of Inner Mongolia in China </figcaption> </figure> Inner Mongolia is a provincial-level subdivision of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North China">North China</a>, but its great stretch means that parts of it belong to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northeast_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northwest_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest China">Northwest China</a> as well. It borders eight provincial-level divisions in all three of the aforementioned regions (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heilongjiang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jilin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liaoning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shanxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shaanxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ningxia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gansu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>), tying with Shaanxi for the greatest number of bordering provincial-level divisions. Most of its international border is with Mongolia,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[c]</a> which, in Chinese, is sometimes called "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Outer_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Outer Mongolia">Outer Mongolia</a>", while a small portion is with Russia's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zabaykalsky_Krai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zabaykalsky Krai">Zabaykalsky Krai</a>. Inner Mongolia largely consists of the northern side of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_China_Craton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North China Craton">North China Craton</a>, a tilted and sedimented <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Precambrian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a> block. In the extreme southwest is the edge of the Tibetan Plateau where the autonomous region's highest peak, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Main_Peak,_Helan_Mountains&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Main Peak, Helan Mountains (page does not exist)">Main Peak</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helan_Mountains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helan Mountains">Helan Mountains</a> reaches 3,556 metres (11,670 ft), and is still being pushed up today in short bursts.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-quaternary-2">[2]</a> Most of Inner Mongolia is a plateau averaging around 1,200 metres (3,940 ft) in altitude and covered by extensive <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loess?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loess">loess</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sand">sand</a> deposits. The northern part consists of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesozoic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a> era <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khingan_Mountains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Khingan Mountains">Khingan Mountains</a>, and is owing to the cooler climate more forested, chiefly with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulmus_laciniata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulmus laciniata">Manchurian elm</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ash_(Fraxinus)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash (Fraxinus)">ash</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Birch">birch</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quercus_mongolica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quercus mongolica">Mongolian oak</a> and a number of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinus">pine</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Picea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Picea">spruce</a> species. Where <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Discontinuous_permafrost?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Discontinuous permafrost">discontinuous permafrost</a> is present north of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hailar_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hailar District">Hailar District</a>, forests are almost exclusively coniferous. In the south, the natural vegetation is grassland in the east and very sparse in the arid west, and grazing is the dominant economic activity. Owing to the ancient, weathered rocks lying under its deep sedimentary cover, Inner Mongolia is a major mining district, possessing large reserves of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coal">coal</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iron_ore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rare-earth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rare-earth">rare-earth</a> minerals, which have made it a major industrial region today. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agulugou_Formation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agulugou Formation">Agulugou Formation</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_CHN_Nei_Mongol_1991%E2%80%932020.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Köppen–Geiger climate classification map at 1-km resolution for Inner Mongolia (China) for 1991–2020" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_CHN_Nei_Mongol_1991%E2%80%932020.svg/370px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_CHN_Nei_Mongol_1991%E2%80%932020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="370" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1746" data-file-height="850"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 370px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_CHN_Nei_Mongol_1991%E2%80%932020.svg/370px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_CHN_Nei_Mongol_1991%E2%80%932020.svg.png" data-alt="Köppen–Geiger climate classification map at 1-km resolution for Inner Mongolia (China) for 1991–2020" data-width="370" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_CHN_Nei_Mongol_1991%E2%80%932020.svg/555px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_CHN_Nei_Mongol_1991%E2%80%932020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_CHN_Nei_Mongol_1991%E2%80%932020.svg/740px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_CHN_Nei_Mongol_1991%E2%80%932020.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> Due to its elongated shape, Inner Mongolia has a four-season <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monsoon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> climate with regional variations. The winters in Inner Mongolia are very long, cold, and dry with frequent blizzards, though snowfall is so light that Inner Mongolia has no modern glaciers<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-quaternary-2">[2]</a> even on the highest Helan peaks. The spring is short, mild and arid, with large, dangerous <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sandstorms?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandstorms">sandstorms</a>, whilst the summer is very warm to hot and relatively humid except in the west where it remains dry. Autumn is brief and sees a steady cooling, with temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) reached in October in the north and November in the south.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E5%9D%9D%E4%B8%8A%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%A4%95%E9%98%B3%EF%BC%88%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%E5%9D%9D%E4%B8%8A%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%A4%95%E9%98%B3%EF%BC%88%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg/355px-%E5%9D%9D%E4%B8%8A%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%A4%95%E9%98%B3%EF%BC%88%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="355" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5607" data-file-height="2976"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 355px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%E5%9D%9D%E4%B8%8A%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%A4%95%E9%98%B3%EF%BC%88%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg/355px-%E5%9D%9D%E4%B8%8A%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%A4%95%E9%98%B3%EF%BC%88%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="355" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%E5%9D%9D%E4%B8%8A%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%A4%95%E9%98%B3%EF%BC%88%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg/533px-%E5%9D%9D%E4%B8%8A%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%A4%95%E9%98%B3%EF%BC%88%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%E5%9D%9D%E4%B8%8A%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%A4%95%E9%98%B3%EF%BC%88%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg/710px-%E5%9D%9D%E4%B8%8A%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%A4%95%E9%98%B3%EF%BC%88%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Winter in Ulanbutan Grassland, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hexigten_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hexigten Banner">Hexigten Banner</a> </figcaption> </figure> Officially, most of Inner Mongolia is classified as either a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cold_arid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold arid">cold arid</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Steppe_climate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Steppe climate">steppe</a> regime (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> BWk, BSk, respectively). The small portion besides these are classified as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humid_continental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid continental">humid continental</a> (Köppen Dwa/Dwb) in the northeast, or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subarctic_climate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subarctic climate">subarctic</a> (Köppen Dwc) in the far north near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hulunbuir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Climate_crisis">Climate crisis</h4> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Climate crisis" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The region has increasing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Environmental issues in China">desertification</a> and frequency of sandstorms, which damages agriculture and forces down household income.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[41]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:60%; font-size:95%;"> <caption> Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for some locations in Inner Mongolia of China </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>City</th> <th>July (°C)</th> <th>July (°F)</th> <th>January (°C)</th> <th>January (°F)</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baotou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></td> <td>29.6/17.1</td> <td>85.3/62.8</td> <td>−4.1/–16.8</td> <td>24.7/1.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bayannur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a></td> <td>30.7/17.9</td> <td>87.3/64.2</td> <td>−3.3/–15.1</td> <td>26.1/4.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></td> <td>28.5/16.4</td> <td>83.3/61.5</td> <td>−5/–16.9</td> <td>23/1.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordos_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></td> <td>26.7/15.8</td> <td>80.1/60.4</td> <td>−4.8/–14.7</td> <td>23.4/5.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulanqab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></td> <td>25.4/13.6</td> <td>77.7/56.5</td> <td>−6.1/–18.5</td> <td>21/–1.3</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia">List of administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_township-level_divisions_of_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of township-level divisions of Inner Mongolia">List of township-level divisions of Inner Mongolia</a>. </div> Inner Mongolia is divided into twelve <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Prefectural_level" title="Administrative divisions of China">prefecture-level divisions</a>. Until the late 1990s, most of Inner Mongolia's prefectural regions were known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leagues_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leagues of China">leagues</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 盟), a usage retained from Mongol divisions of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qing_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. Similarly, county-level divisions are often known as banners (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 旗). Since the 1990s, numerous leagues have been converted into <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prefecture-level_city?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level cities</a>, although banners remain. The restructuring led to the conversion of primate cities in most leagues to convert to districts administratively (i.e.: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hailar_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hailar District">Hailar</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jining_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jining District">Jining</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dongsheng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongsheng">Dongsheng</a>). Some newly founded prefecture-level cities have chosen to retain the original name of league (i.e.: Hulunbuir, Bayannur and Ulanqab), some have adopted the Chinese name of their <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primate_city?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primate city">primate city</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chifeng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a>), and one league (Yekejuu) simply renamed itself <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordos_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a>. Despite these recent administrative changes, there is no indication that the Alxa, Hinggan, and Xilingol Leagues will convert to prefecture-level cities in the near future. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:100%; font-size:normal; text-align:center"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="9">Administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="font-size:larger;"> <div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 756px; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Administrative_Division_Inner_Mongolia.svg/756px-Administrative_Division_Inner_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="756" height="599" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1262" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 756px;height: 599px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Administrative_Division_Inner_Mongolia.svg/756px-Administrative_Division_Inner_Mongolia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="756" data-height="599" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Administrative_Division_Inner_Mongolia.svg/1134px-Administrative_Division_Inner_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Administrative_Division_Inner_Mongolia.svg/1512px-Administrative_Division_Inner_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <div style="position:absolute; left:384px; top:502px"> ↖ </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:402px; top:508px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:330px; top:448px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baotou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baotou">Baotou</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:240px; top:529px"> ↗ </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:237px; top:547px"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1231500821">@supports(writing-mode:vertical-lr){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-text{letter-spacing:-0.12em;line-height:1em;text-orientation:upright;writing-mode:vertical-lr;width:1em}}</style><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wuhai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:543px; top:391px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chifeng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:618px; top:364px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:285px; top:520px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordos_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:600px; top:154px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hulunbuir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:243px; top:451px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bayannur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:381px; top:442px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulanqab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:591px; top:280px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hinggan_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:447px; top:346px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xilingol_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:126px; top:484px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alxa_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alxa League">Alxa League</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:234px; top:52px"> █ Jiagedaqi Dist. & Songling Dist. is de jure part of Oroqen Aut. Ban. but de facto subordinate to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daxing%27anling_Prefecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daxing'anling Prefecture">Daxing'anling Pref.</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heilongjiang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a>. </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Administrative_division_codes_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China">Division code</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[42]</a></th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Division</th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Area in km2<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nj2013-46">[43]</a></th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Population 2020<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[44]</a></th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Seat</th> <th scope="col" colspan="4">Divisions<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[45]</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="col" width="45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/District_(China)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">Districts</a></th> <th scope="col" width="45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of the People's Republic of China">Counties</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banners_of_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banners of Inner Mongolia">Banners</a></th> <th scope="col" width="45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banners_of_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banners of Inner Mongolia">Aut. banners</a></th> <th scope="col" width="45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/County-level_city?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="County-level city">CL cities</a></th> </tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold"> <th>150000</th> <th>Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region</th> <td>1,183,000.00</td> <td>24,049,155</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a> city</td> <td>23</td> <td>66</td> <td>3</td> <td>11</td> </tr> <tr> <th>150100</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a> city</th> <td>17,186.10</td> <td>3,446,100</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xincheng_District,_Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Xincheng District, Hohhot">Xincheng District</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> </tr> <tr> <th>150200</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baotou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baotou">Baotou</a> city</th> <td>27,768.00</td> <td>2,709,378</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jiuyuan_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jiuyuan District">Jiuyuan District</a></td> <td>6</td> <td>3</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> </tr> <tr> <th>150300</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wuhai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a> city</th> <td>1,754.00</td> <td>556,621</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haibowan_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haibowan District">Haibowan District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> </tr> <tr> <th>150400</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chifeng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a> city</th> <td>90,021.00</td> <td>4,035,967</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Songshan_District,_Chifeng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Songshan District, Chifeng">Songshan District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>9</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> </tr> <tr> <th>150500</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a> city</th> <td>59,535.00</td> <td>2,873,168</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Horqin_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horqin District">Horqin District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>6</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <th>150600</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordos_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a> city</th> <td>86,881.61</td> <td>2,153,638</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kangbashi_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kangbashi District">Kangbashi District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>7</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> </tr> <tr> <th>150700</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hulunbuir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a> city</th> <td>254,003.79</td> <td>2,242,875</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hailar_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hailar District">Hailar District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <th>150800</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bayannur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a> city</th> <td>65,755.47</td> <td>1,538,715</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linhe_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linhe District">Linhe District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>6</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> </tr> <tr> <th>150900</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulanqab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a> city</th> <td>54,447.72</td> <td>1,706,328</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jining_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jining District">Jining District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>9</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <th>152200</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hinggan_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></th> <td>59,806.00</td> <td>1,416,929</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulanhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</a> city</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>4</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <th>152500</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xilingol_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></th> <td>202,580.00</td> <td>1,107,075</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xilinhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xilinhot">Xilinhot</a> city</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>10</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <th>152900</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alxa_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alxa League">Alxa League</a></th> <td>267,574.00</td> <td>262,361</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alxa_Left_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alxa Left Banner">Alxa Left Banner</a></td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>3</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-font:90%; width:auto; text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="6">Administrative divisions in Mongolian, Chinese, and varieties of romanisations</th> </tr> <tr> <th>English</th> <th>Mongolian</th> <th>SASM/GNC Mongolian Pinyin</th> <th>Mongolian Transcription</th> <th>Chinese</th> <th>Pinyin</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:OvormonggolAR.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/OvormonggolAR.svg/100px-OvormonggolAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="275"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 50px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/OvormonggolAR.svg/100px-OvormonggolAR.svg.png" data-alt="ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ" data-width="100" data-height="50" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/OvormonggolAR.svg/150px-OvormonggolAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/OvormonggolAR.svg/200px-OvormonggolAR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td> </td> <td>Öbür mongγol-un öbertegen zasaqu orun</td> <td>内蒙古自治区</td> <td>Nèi Měnggǔ Zìzhìqū</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a> city</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:K%C3%B6keqota.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/K%C3%B6keqota.svg/17px-K%C3%B6keqota.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="44" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="310"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 44px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/K%C3%B6keqota.svg/17px-K%C3%B6keqota.svg.png" data-alt="ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ" data-width="17" data-height="44" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/K%C3%B6keqota.svg/26px-K%C3%B6keqota.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/K%C3%B6keqota.svg/34px-K%C3%B6keqota.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>Hohhot</td> <td>Kökeqota</td> <td>呼和浩特市</td> <td>Hūhéhàotè Shì</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baotou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baotou">Baotou</a> city</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bugutu.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bugutu.svg/16px-Bugutu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="35" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="220"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 35px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bugutu.svg/16px-Bugutu.svg.png" data-alt="ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ" data-width="16" data-height="35" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bugutu.svg/24px-Bugutu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bugutu.svg/32px-Bugutu.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hot.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="204"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" data-alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" data-width="15" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/23px-Hot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/30px-Hot.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>Bugt Hot</td> <td>Buɣutu qota</td> <td>包头市</td> <td>Bāotóu Shì</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wuhai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a> city</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Uhai.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠦᠬᠠᠢ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠦᠬᠠᠢ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Uhai.svg/15px-Uhai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="35" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="210"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 35px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Uhai.svg/15px-Uhai.svg.png" data-alt="ᠦᠬᠠᠢ" data-width="15" data-height="35" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Uhai.svg/23px-Uhai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Uhai.svg/30px-Uhai.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hot.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="204"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" data-alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" data-width="15" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/23px-Hot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/30px-Hot.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>Uhai Hot</td> <td>Üqai qota</td> <td>乌海市</td> <td>Wūhǎi Shì</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chifeng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a> city</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ulaganqada.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ulaganqada.svg/20px-Ulaganqada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="51" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="360"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 51px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ulaganqada.svg/20px-Ulaganqada.svg.png" data-alt="ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ" data-width="20" data-height="51" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ulaganqada.svg/30px-Ulaganqada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ulaganqada.svg/40px-Ulaganqada.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hot.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="204"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" data-alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" data-width="15" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/23px-Hot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/30px-Hot.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>Ulanhad Hot</td> <td>Ulaɣanqada qota</td> <td>赤峰市</td> <td>Chìfēng Shì</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a> city</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Tongliyao.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠲᠥᠩᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠲᠥᠩᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tongliyao.png/15px-Tongliyao.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="44" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="116" data-file-height="342"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 44px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tongliyao.png/15px-Tongliyao.png" data-alt="ᠲᠥᠩᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣ" data-width="15" data-height="44" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tongliyao.png/23px-Tongliyao.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tongliyao.png/30px-Tongliyao.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hot.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="204"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" data-alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" data-width="15" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/23px-Hot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/30px-Hot.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>Tungliyo Hot</td> <td>Tüŋliyou qota</td> <td>通辽市</td> <td>Tōngliáo Shì</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordos_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a> city</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ordus.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠣᠷᠳᠤᠰ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠣᠷᠳᠤᠰ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ordus.svg/15px-Ordus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="38" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="95" data-file-height="240"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 38px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ordus.svg/15px-Ordus.svg.png" data-alt="ᠣᠷᠳᠤᠰ" data-width="15" data-height="38" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ordus.svg/23px-Ordus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ordus.svg/30px-Ordus.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hot.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="204"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" data-alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" data-width="15" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/23px-Hot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/30px-Hot.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>Ordos Hot</td> <td>Ordos qota</td> <td>鄂尔多斯市</td> <td>È'ěrduōsī Shì</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hulunbuir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a> city</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Kolun_buir.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠨᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠨᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kolun_buir.svg/17px-Kolun_buir.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="48" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="385"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 48px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kolun_buir.svg/17px-Kolun_buir.svg.png" data-alt="ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠨᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ" data-width="17" data-height="48" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kolun_buir.svg/26px-Kolun_buir.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kolun_buir.svg/34px-Kolun_buir.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hot.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="204"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" data-alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" data-width="15" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/23px-Hot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/30px-Hot.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>Hulun'buir Hot</td> <td>Kölön-buyir qota</td> <td>呼伦贝尔市</td> <td>Hūlúnbèi'ěr Shì</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bayannur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a> city</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bayannagur.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᠨᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᠨᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bayannagur.svg/15px-Bayannagur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="285"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 43px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bayannagur.svg/15px-Bayannagur.svg.png" data-alt="ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᠨᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ" data-width="15" data-height="43" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bayannagur.svg/23px-Bayannagur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bayannagur.svg/30px-Bayannagur.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hot.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="204"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" data-alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" data-width="15" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/23px-Hot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/30px-Hot.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>Bayannur Hot</td> <td>Bayannaɣur qota</td> <td>巴彦淖尔市</td> <td>Bāyànnào'ěr Shì</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulanqab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a> city</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ulagancab.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ulagancab.svg/17px-Ulagancab.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="45" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="315"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 45px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ulagancab.svg/17px-Ulagancab.svg.png" data-alt="ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪ" data-width="17" data-height="45" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ulagancab.svg/26px-Ulagancab.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ulagancab.svg/34px-Ulagancab.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hot.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="204"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/15px-Hot.svg.png" data-alt="ᠬᠣᠲᠠ" data-width="15" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/23px-Hot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hot.svg/30px-Hot.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>Ulanqab Hot</td> <td>Ulaɣančab qota</td> <td>乌兰察布市</td> <td>Wūlánchábù Shì</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hinggan_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Kingghan_ayimagh.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠬᠢᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠬᠢᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Kingghan_ayimagh.svg/17px-Kingghan_ayimagh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="63" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 63px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Kingghan_ayimagh.svg/17px-Kingghan_ayimagh.svg.png" data-alt="ᠬᠢᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ" data-width="17" data-height="63" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Kingghan_ayimagh.svg/26px-Kingghan_ayimagh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Kingghan_ayimagh.svg/34px-Kingghan_ayimagh.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>Hinggan Aimag</td> <td>Qiŋɣan ayimaɣ</td> <td>兴安盟</td> <td>Xīng'ān Méng</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xilingol_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Sili-yin_gool_ayimag.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sili-yin_gool_ayimag.svg/35px-Sili-yin_gool_ayimag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="59" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="475"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 35px;height: 59px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sili-yin_gool_ayimag.svg/35px-Sili-yin_gool_ayimag.svg.png" data-alt="ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ" data-width="35" data-height="59" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sili-yin_gool_ayimag.svg/53px-Sili-yin_gool_ayimag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sili-yin_gool_ayimag.svg/70px-Sili-yin_gool_ayimag.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>Xiliin'gol Aimag</td> <td>Sili-yin ɣool ayimaɣ</td> <td>锡林郭勒盟</td> <td>Xīlínguōlè Méng</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alxa_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alxa League">Alxa League</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Alasa_ayimag.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ"> <noscript> <img alt="ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Alasa_ayimag.svg/17px-Alasa_ayimag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="57" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="450"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 57px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Alasa_ayimag.svg/17px-Alasa_ayimag.svg.png" data-alt="ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ" data-width="17" data-height="57" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Alasa_ayimag.svg/26px-Alasa_ayimag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Alasa_ayimag.svg/34px-Alasa_ayimag.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>Alxa Aimag</td> <td>Alaša ayimaɣ</td> <td>阿拉善盟</td> <td>Ālāshàn Méng</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> These prefecture-level divisions are in turn subdivided into 102 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#County_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">county-level divisions</a>, including 22 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/District_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a>, 11 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/County-level_cities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level cities">county-level cities</a>, 17 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/County_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="County (People's Republic of China)">counties</a>, 49 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banners_of_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banners of Inner Mongolia">banners</a>, and 3 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autonomous_banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous banner">autonomous banners</a>. Those are in turn divided into 1425 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">township-level divisions</a>, including 532 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Town_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Town of China">towns</a>, 407 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Townships_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Townships of the People's Republic of China">townships</a>, 277 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sum_(Inner_Mongolia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sum (Inner Mongolia)">sums</a>, eighteen <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethnic_township?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic township">ethnic townships</a>, one <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethnic_sum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic sum">ethnic sum</a>, and 190 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subdistricts_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subdistricts of China">subdistricts</a>. At the end of 2017, the total population of Inner-Mongolia is 25.29 million.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Urban_areas">Urban areas</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Urban areas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="5">Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities</th> </tr> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>Cities</th> <th style="background-color: #aaaaff;">2020 Urban area<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2020PRCcensus-50">[47]</a></th> <th style="background-color: #aaaaff;">2010 Urban area<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2010PRCcensus-51">[48]</a></th> <th style="background-color: #ffaaaa;">2020 City proper</th> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></td> <td>2,237,249</td> <td>1,497,110</td> <td>3,446,100</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baotou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></td> <td>1,949,876</td> <td>1,900,373</td> <td>2,709,378</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chifeng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a></td> <td>1,093,068</td> <td>902,285</td> <td>4,035,967</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordos_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></td> <td>671,048</td> <td>510,242<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ordos-52">[i]</a></td> <td>2,153,638</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wuhai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></td> <td>530,877</td> <td>502,704</td> <td>556,621</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></td> <td>480,059</td> <td>540,338</td> <td>2,873,168</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bayannur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a></td> <td>413,117</td> <td>354,507</td> <td>1,538,715</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulanqab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></td> <td>394,269</td> <td>319,723</td> <td>1,706,328</td> </tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hulunbuir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></td> <td>354,442</td> <td>327,384<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hulunbuir-53">[ii]</a></td> <td>2,242,875</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xilinhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xilinhot">Xilinhot</a></td> <td>327,112</td> <td>214,382</td> <td>part of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xilingol_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulanhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</a></td> <td>318,009</td> <td>276,406</td> <td>part of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hinggan_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yakeshi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yakeshi">Yakeshi</a></td> <td>239,742</td> <td>338,275</td> <td>see Hulunbuir</td> </tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zalantun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zalantun">Zalantun</a></td> <td>174,049</td> <td>167,493</td> <td>see Hulunbuir</td> </tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manzhouli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manzhouli">Manzhouli</a></td> <td>150,508</td> <td>148,460</td> <td>see Hulunbuir</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holingol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holingol">Holingol</a></td> <td>130,239</td> <td>101,496</td> <td>see Tongliao</td> </tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fengzhen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fengzhen">Fengzhen</a></td> <td>122,193</td> <td>123,811</td> <td>see Ulanqab</td> </tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erenhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erenhot">Erenhot</a></td> <td>74,252</td> <td>71,455</td> <td>part of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xilingol_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genhe">Genhe</a></td> <td>71,164</td> <td>89,194</td> <td>see Hulunbuir</td> </tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jalainur_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jalainur District">Jalainur</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Jalainur-54">[iii]</a></td> <td>84,424</td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hulunbuir-53">[ii]</a></td> <td>see Kunming</td> </tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ergun_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ergun City">Ergun</a></td> <td>54,164</td> <td>55,076</td> <td>see Hulunbuir</td> </tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arxan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arxan">Arxan</a></td> <td>29,045</td> <td>55,770</td> <td>part of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hinggan_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ordos-52"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ordos_52-0">^</a> New district established after 2010 census: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kangbashi_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kangbashi District">Kangbashi</a> from a part of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dongsheng_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dongsheng District">Dongsheng</a>. The new district is included in the urban area count.</li> <li id="cite_note-Hulunbuir-53">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Hulunbuir_53-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Hulunbuir_53-1">b</a> New district established after 2010 census: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jalainur_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jalainur District">Jalainur</a> from a part of Manzhouli CLC. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</li> <li id="cite_note-Jalainur-54"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Jalainur_54-0">^</a> Jalainur is a satellite urban area separated from Hulunbuir (Hailar) and it is not included in the urban area count.</li> </ol> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"> <div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em">   </div> <div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em">   </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"> Most populous cities in Inner Mongolia <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"> Source: China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[49]</a> </div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank</th> <th></th> <th>Pop.</th> <th>Rank</th> <th></th> <th>Pop.</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E5%91%BC%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%A9%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B1%B1(%E9%98%B4%E5%B1%B1%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89)_-_panoramio.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Hohhot"> <noscript> <img alt="Hohhot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%E5%91%BC%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%A9%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B1%B1%28%E9%98%B4%E5%B1%B1%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89%29_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-%E5%91%BC%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%A9%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B1%B1%28%E9%98%B4%E5%B1%B1%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89%29_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1563" data-file-height="1167"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%E5%91%BC%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%A9%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B1%B1%28%E9%98%B4%E5%B1%B1%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89%29_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-%E5%91%BC%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%A9%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B1%B1%28%E9%98%B4%E5%B1%B1%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89%29_-_panoramio.jpg" data-alt="Hohhot" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%E5%91%BC%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%A9%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B1%B1%28%E9%98%B4%E5%B1%B1%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89%29_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-%E5%91%BC%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%A9%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B1%B1%28%E9%98%B4%E5%B1%B1%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89%29_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%E5%91%BC%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%A9%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B1%B1%28%E9%98%B4%E5%B1%B1%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89%29_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-%E5%91%BC%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%A9%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B1%B1%28%E9%98%B4%E5%B1%B1%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89%29_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Baotou,_Inner_Mongolia.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Baotou"> <noscript> <img alt="Baotou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Baotou%2C_Inner_Mongolia.jpg/120px-Baotou%2C_Inner_Mongolia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6710" data-file-height="3868"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 69px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Baotou%2C_Inner_Mongolia.jpg/120px-Baotou%2C_Inner_Mongolia.jpg" data-alt="Baotou" data-width="120" data-height="69" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Baotou%2C_Inner_Mongolia.jpg/180px-Baotou%2C_Inner_Mongolia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Baotou%2C_Inner_Mongolia.jpg/240px-Baotou%2C_Inner_Mongolia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baotou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,364,800</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xilinhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xilinhot">Xilinhot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">233,700</td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E8%B5%A4%E5%B3%B0%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Chifeng"> <noscript> <img alt="Chifeng" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%E8%B5%A4%E5%B3%B0%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99.JPG/120px-%E8%B5%A4%E5%B3%B0%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="855"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 59px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%E8%B5%A4%E5%B3%B0%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99.JPG/120px-%E8%B5%A4%E5%B3%B0%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99.JPG" data-alt="Chifeng" data-width="120" data-height="59" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%E8%B5%A4%E5%B3%B0%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99.JPG/180px-%E8%B5%A4%E5%B3%B0%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%E8%B5%A4%E5%B3%B0%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99.JPG/240px-%E8%B5%A4%E5%B3%B0%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chifeng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E4%B9%8C%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%9C%E5%B1%B1%E9%B8%9F%E7%9E%B0.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Wuhai"> <noscript> <img alt="Wuhai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%E4%B9%8C%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%9C%E5%B1%B1%E9%B8%9F%E7%9E%B0.JPG/120px-%E4%B9%8C%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%9C%E5%B1%B1%E9%B8%9F%E7%9E%B0.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%E4%B9%8C%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%9C%E5%B1%B1%E9%B8%9F%E7%9E%B0.JPG/120px-%E4%B9%8C%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%9C%E5%B1%B1%E9%B8%9F%E7%9E%B0.JPG" data-alt="Wuhai" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%E4%B9%8C%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%9C%E5%B1%B1%E9%B8%9F%E7%9E%B0.JPG/180px-%E4%B9%8C%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%9C%E5%B1%B1%E9%B8%9F%E7%9E%B0.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%E4%B9%8C%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%9C%E5%B1%B1%E9%B8%9F%E7%9E%B0.JPG/240px-%E4%B9%8C%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%9C%E5%B1%B1%E9%B8%9F%E7%9E%B0.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wuhai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baotou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,936,200</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manzhouli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manzhouli">Manzhouli</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">212,200</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chifeng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">963,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fengzhen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fengzhen">Fengzhen</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">138,600</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wuhai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">563,300</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zalantun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zalantun">Zalantun</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">134,400</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordos_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">530,400</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yakeshi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yakeshi">Yakeshi</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">131,900</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">460,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holingol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holingol">Holingol</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">130,700</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bayannur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">383,500</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erenhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erenhot">Erenhot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">75,200</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hulunbuir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">350,400</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genhe">Genhe</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">64,000</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulanqab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">309,600</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arxan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arxan">Arxan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">47,800</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulanhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">272,500</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ergun_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ergun City">Ergun</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">38,000</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> Farming of crops such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wheat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wheat">wheat</a> takes precedence along the river valleys. In the more arid grasslands, herding of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Goat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Goat">goats</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sheep?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sheep">sheep</a> and so on is a traditional method of subsistence. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forestry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forestry">Forestry</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hunting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hunting">hunting</a> are somewhat important in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greater_Khingan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greater Khingan">Greater Khingan</a> ranges in the east. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reindeer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reindeer">Reindeer</a> herding is carried out by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evenks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenks</a> in the Evenk Autonomous Banner. More recently, growing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grape">grapes</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winemaking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Winemaking">winemaking</a> have become an economic factor in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wuhai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a> area. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:InnerMongolianTheater.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/InnerMongolianTheater.jpg/220px-InnerMongolianTheater.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2721" data-file-height="1935"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 156px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/InnerMongolianTheater.jpg/220px-InnerMongolianTheater.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/InnerMongolianTheater.jpg/330px-InnerMongolianTheater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/InnerMongolianTheater.jpg/440px-InnerMongolianTheater.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Theater in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a> </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mining_industry_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mining industry of China">Mining-related industries</a> are a major part of Inner Mongolia's economy.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Zhan-2022-33">[31]</a>: 23 Inner Mongolia has an abundance of resources especially coal, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cashmere_wool?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cashmere wool">cashmere</a>, natural gas, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rare-earth_element?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rare-earth element">rare-earth elements</a>, and has more deposits of naturally occurring <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Niobium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Niobium">niobium</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zirconium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beryllium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beryllium">beryllium</a> than any other <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province">province</a>-level region in China. The region is also a source of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petroleum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petroleum">crude oil</a>, with sites such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xifeng_oil_field?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xifeng oil field">Xifeng oil field</a> producing tens of thousands of barrels per day.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[50]</a> However, in the past, the exploitation and utilisation of resources were rather inefficient, which resulted in poor returns from rich resources. Inner Mongolia is also an important coal production base, with more than a quarter of the world's coal reserves located in the province.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-thechinaperspective.com-57">[51]</a> It plans to double annual coal output by 2010 (from the 2005 volume of 260 million tons) to 500 million tons of coal a year.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[52]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:InnerMengolianGym.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/InnerMengolianGym.jpg/220px-InnerMengolianGym.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="1936"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/InnerMengolianGym.jpg/220px-InnerMengolianGym.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/InnerMengolianGym.jpg/330px-InnerMengolianGym.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/InnerMengolianGym.jpg/440px-InnerMengolianGym.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Inner Mongolia Gymnasium </figcaption> </figure> Industry in Inner Mongolia has grown up mainly around coal, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Power_generation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Power generation">power generation</a>, forestry-related industries, and related industries. Inner Mongolia now encourages six competitive industries: energy, chemicals, metallurgy, equipment manufacturing, processing of farm (including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dairy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dairy">dairy</a>) produce, and high technology. Well-known Inner Mongolian enterprises include companies such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=ERDOS&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ERDOS (page does not exist)">ERDOS</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yili_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yili Group">Yili</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mengniu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengniu">Mengniu</a>. As with much of China, economic growth has led to a boom in construction, including new commercial development and large apartment complexes. The GDP of Inner Mongolia in 2022 was CN¥2.3 trillion (US$344 billion in nominal),<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-data2022-59">[53]</a> with an average annual increase of 10% from the period 2010–2015. Its per capita GDP was CN¥96,474 (US$14,343 in nominal), ranking 8th among all the 31 provincial divisions of China.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-data2022-59">[53]</a> The primary, secondary and tertiary industries contributed ¥265 billion ($39.45 billion), ¥1.12 trillion ($167.1 billion) and ¥926 billion ($137.7 billion) to the GDP respectively.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-data2022-59">[53]</a> In addition to its large reserves of natural resources, Inner Mongolia also has the largest usable wind power capacity in China<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-thechinaperspective.com-57">[51]</a> thanks to strong winds which develop in the province's grasslands. Some private companies have set up <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wind_power_in_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wind power in China">wind parks</a> in parts of Inner Mongolia such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bailingmiao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bailingmiao">Bailingmiao</a>, Hutengliang and Zhouzi. East of Jilantai, Inner Mongolia, there is a ballistic missile training area used by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Rocket_Force?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="People's Liberation Army Rocket Force">People's Liberation Army Rocket Force</a> (PLARF) to train missile crews for mobile missile launchers, their support vehicles, and silo-based ballistic missiles.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Economic_and_Technological_Development_Zones">Economic and Technological Development Zones</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Economic and Technological Development Zones" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baotou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baotou">Baotou</a> National <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rare-earth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rare-earth">Rare-Earth</a> Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[55]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erenhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erenhot">Erenhot</a> Border Economic Cooperation Area</li> <li>Hohhot Export Processing Zone</li> </ul> Hohhot Export Processing Zone was established 21 June 2002 by the State Council, which is located in the west of the Hohhot, with a planning area of 2.2 km2 (0.85 sq mi). Industries encouraged in the export processing zone include Electronics Assembly & Manufacturing, Telecommunications Equipment, Garment and Textiles Production, Trading and Distribution, Biotechnology/Pharmaceuticals, Food/Beverage Processing, Instruments & Industrial Equipment Production, Medical Equipment and Supplies, Shipping/Warehousing/Logistics, Heavy Industry.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62">[56]</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a> Economic and Technological Development Zone</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Export_Processing_Zone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Export Processing Zone">Export Processing Zone</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manzhouli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manzhouli">Manzhouli</a> Border Economic Cooperation Area</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Railway" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Lines wholly or partly in Inner Mongolia include: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Baotou_railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beijing–Baotou railway">Beijing–Baotou railway</a> (Jingbao railway)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baotou%E2%80%93Lanzhou_railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baotou–Lanzhou railway">Baotou–Lanzhou railway</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Tongliao_railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beijing–Tongliao railway">Beijing–Tongliao railway</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harbin%E2%80%93Manzhouli_railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harbin–Manzhouli railway">Harbin–Manzhouli railway</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jiayuguan%E2%80%93Ceke_railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jiayuguan–Ceke railway">Jiayuguan–Ceke railway</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jining%E2%80%93Tongliao_railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jining–Tongliao railway">Jining–Tongliao railway</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linhe%E2%80%93Ceke_railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linhe–Ceke railway">Linhe–Ceke railway</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nenjiang%E2%80%93Greater_Khingan_Forest_railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nenjiang–Greater Khingan Forest railway">Nenjiang–Greater Khingan Forest railway</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao%E2%80%93Ranghulu_railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao–Ranghulu railway">Tongliao–Ranghulu railway</a></li> </ul> Railway stations in Inner Mongolia include: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_stations_on_Jingbao_railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stations on Jingbao railway">List of stations on Jingbao railway</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Government and politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politics_of_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politics of Inner Mongolia">Politics of Inner Mongolia</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_provincial_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China">List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China</a> </div> Under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the People's Republic of China">Constitution of the People's Republic of China</a>, articles 112–122, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autonomous_region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous region">autonomous regions</a> have limited autonomy in both the political and economic arena. Autonomous regions have more discretion in administering economic policy in the region in accordance with national guidelines. Structurally, the Chairman—who legally must be an ethnic minority and is usually ethnic Mongolian—is always kept in check by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inner_Mongolia_Autonomous_Regional_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party Regional Committee</a> Secretary, who is usually from a different part of China (to reduce corruption) and Han Chinese. As of May 2023<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DInner_Mongolia%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a>, the current party secretary is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sun_Shaocheng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sun Shaocheng">Sun Shaocheng</a>. The Inner Mongolian government and its subsidiaries follow roughly the same structure as that of a Chinese province. With regards to economic policy, as a part of increased <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_federalism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese federalism">federalism</a> characteristics in China, Inner Mongolia has become more independent in implementing its own economic roadmap. The position of Chairman of Inner Mongolia alternates between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khorchin_Mongols?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khorchin Mongols">Khorchin Mongols</a> in the east and the Tumed Mongols in the west.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Since the end of the Cultural Revolution, this convention has not been broken. The family of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulanhu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a> has retained influence in regional politics ever since the founding the People's Republic. His son <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buhe_(politician)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buhe (politician)">Buhe</a> and granddaughter <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bu_Xiaolin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bu Xiaolin">Bu Xiaolin</a> both served as Chairman of the region. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main articles: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongols?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Subgroups" title="Mongols">Mongols § Subgroups</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongols_in_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongols in China">Mongols in China</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of ethnic groups in China">List of ethnic groups in China</a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hohhot_Muslim_Quarter.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hohhot_Muslim_Quarter.jpg/200px-Hohhot_Muslim_Quarter.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2004" data-file-height="1476"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hohhot_Muslim_Quarter.jpg/200px-Hohhot_Muslim_Quarter.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hohhot_Muslim_Quarter.jpg/300px-Hohhot_Muslim_Quarter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hohhot_Muslim_Quarter.jpg/400px-Hohhot_Muslim_Quarter.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muslim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>-themed Street in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a> </figcaption> </figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style> <table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"> <caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold"> Historical population </caption> <tbody> <tr style="font-size:95%"> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-census1954-63">[57]</a></th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,100,104</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1964<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-census1964-64">[58]</a></th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,348,638</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.31%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-census1982-65">[59]</a></th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,274,279</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.50%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-census1990-66">[60]</a></th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,456,798</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.35%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2000<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-census2000-67">[61]</a></th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">23,323,347</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.84%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-census2010-68">[62]</a></th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,706,321</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.58%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69">[63]</a></th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,049,155</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.27%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Established in 1947 from dissolution of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xing%27an_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xing'an Province">Xing'an Province</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chahar_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chahar Province">Qahar Province</a>, parts of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehe_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rehe Province">Rehe Province</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suiyuan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suiyuan">Suiyuan Province</a>; parts of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ningxia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ningxia">Ningxia Province</a> were incorporated into Inner Mongolia AR.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Inner_Mongolia_County-Level_Ethnicity_Map_(2020_data).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Inner_Mongolia_County-Level_Ethnicity_Map_%282020_data%29.svg/220px-Inner_Mongolia_County-Level_Ethnicity_Map_%282020_data%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6540" data-file-height="5190"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 175px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Inner_Mongolia_County-Level_Ethnicity_Map_%282020_data%29.svg/220px-Inner_Mongolia_County-Level_Ethnicity_Map_%282020_data%29.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="175" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Inner_Mongolia_County-Level_Ethnicity_Map_%282020_data%29.svg/330px-Inner_Mongolia_County-Level_Ethnicity_Map_%282020_data%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Inner_Mongolia_County-Level_Ethnicity_Map_%282020_data%29.svg/440px-Inner_Mongolia_County-Level_Ethnicity_Map_%282020_data%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/County-level_divisions_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="County-level divisions of China">County-level</a> ethnicity map of Inner Mongolia as of 2020 </figcaption> </figure> When the autonomous region was established in 1947, Han Chinese comprised 83.6% of the population, while the Mongols comprised 14.8% of the population.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70">[64]</a> By 2020, the percentage of Han Chinese had dropped to 78.7%. While the Hetao region along the Yellow River has always alternated between farmers from the south and nomads from the north, the most recent wave of Han Chinese migration began in the early 18th century with encouragement from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qing_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, and continued into the 20th century. Han Chinese live mostly in the Hetao region as well as various population centres in central and eastern Inner Mongolia. Over 70% of Mongols are concentrated in less than 18% of Inner Mongolia's territory (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hinggan_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a>, and the prefectures of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chifeng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a>). Mongols are the second largest ethnic group, comprising 17.7% of the population as of the 2020 census.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ethnicity-10">[8]</a> They include many diverse Mongolian-speaking groups; groups such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buryats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buryats">Buryats</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oirats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oirats">Oirats</a> are also officially considered to be Mongols in China. In addition to the Manchus, other <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tungusic_peoples?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tungusic peoples">Tungusic</a> ethnic groups, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oroqen_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oroqen people">Oroqen</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evenks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenks</a> also populate parts of northeastern Inner Mongolia. There is also a significant number of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hui_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hui people">Hui</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koreans_in_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koreans in China">Koreans</a>. Many of the traditionally nomadic Mongols have settled in permanent homes as their pastoral economy was collectivised during the Mao era, and some have taken jobs in cities as migrant labourers; however, some Mongols continue in their nomadic tradition. In practice, highly educated Mongols tend to migrate to big urban centers after which they become essentially indistinct with ethnic Han Chinese populations. Inter-marriage between Mongol and non-Mongol populations is very common, particularly in areas where Mongols are in regular contact with other groups. There was little cultural stigma within Mongol families for marrying outside the ethnic group, and in urban centers in particular, Mongol men and women married non-Mongols at relatively similar rates. The rates of intermarriage stands in very sharp contrast to ethnic Tibetans and Uyghurs in their respective autonomous regions. By the 1980s, for instance, in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao">the former Jirim League</a>, nearly 40% of marriages with at least one Mongol spouse was a mixed Mongol-Han Chinese marriage.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-rut1999-71">[65]</a> However, anecdotal reports have also demonstrated an increase in Mongol-female, Han Chinese-male pairings in which the woman is of a rural background, ostensibly shutting rural Mongol males from the marriage market as the sex ratio in China becomes more skewed with a much higher proportion of men.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-socio-72">[66]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable floatright"> <caption> Ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia, 2010 census<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73">[67]</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethnicities_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnicities of China">Ethnicity</a></th> <th>Population</th> <th>Percentage</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han Chinese">Han</a></td> <td>19,650,687</td> <td>79.54%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongols_in_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongols in China">Mongol</a></td> <td>4,226,093</td> <td>17.11%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchu_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a></td> <td>452,765</td> <td>1.83%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daur_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daur people">Daur</a></td> <td>121,483</td> <td>0.49%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evenks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenks</a></td> <td>26,139</td> <td>0.11%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oroqen_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oroqen people">Oroqen people</a></td> <td>8,464</td> <td>0.07%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Population</th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongols_in_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongols in China">Mongol</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchu_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a></th> </tr> <tr align="right"> <th>1953<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Compilation-74">[68]</a></th> <td>6,100,104</td> <td>5,119,928</td> <td>83.9%</td> <td>888,235</td> <td>14.6%</td> <td>18,354</td> <td>0.3%</td> </tr> <tr align="right"> <th>1964<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Compilation-74">[68]</a></th> <td>12,348,638</td> <td>10,743,456</td> <td>87.0%</td> <td>1,384,535</td> <td>11.2%</td> <td>50,960</td> <td>0.4%</td> </tr> <tr align="right"> <th>1982<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Compilation-74">[68]</a></th> <td>19,274,281</td> <td>16,277,616</td> <td>84.4%</td> <td>2,489,378</td> <td>12.9%</td> <td>237,149</td> <td>1.2%</td> </tr> <tr align="right"> <th>1990<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75">[69]</a></th> <td>21,456,500</td> <td>17,290,000</td> <td>80.6%</td> <td>3,379,700</td> <td>15.8%</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr align="right"> <th>2000<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76">[70]</a></th> <td>23,323,347</td> <td>18,465,586</td> <td>79.2%</td> <td>3,995,349</td> <td>17.1%</td> <td>499,911</td> <td>2.3%</td> </tr> <tr align="right"> <th>2010<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77">[71]</a></th> <td>24,706,321</td> <td>19,650,687</td> <td>79.5%</td> <td>4,226,093</td> <td>17.1%</td> <td>452,765</td> <td>1.83%</td> </tr> <tr align="right"> <th>2020<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ethnicity-10">[8]</a></th> <td>24,049,155</td> <td>18,935,537</td> <td>78.7%</td> <td>4,247,815</td> <td>17.7%</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> Territories with Mongol majorities and near-majorities[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Name of banner</th> <th>Mongol population</th> <th>Percentage</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Horqin_Right_Middle_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horqin Right Middle Banner">Horqin Right Middle Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hinggan_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan</a> (2020)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78">[72]</a></td> <td>221,258</td> <td>86.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Barag_Right_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Barag Right Banner">New Barag Right Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hulunbuir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a> (2009)</td> <td>28,369</td> <td>82.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Horqin_Left_Back_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Horqin Left Back Banner">Horqin Left Back Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></td> <td>284,000</td> <td>75%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Barag_Left_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Barag Left Banner">New Barag Left Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hulunbuir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a> (2009)</td> <td>31,531</td> <td>74.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Horqin_Left_Middle_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horqin Left Middle Banner">Horqin Left Middle Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></td> <td>395,000</td> <td>73.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_Ujimqin_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East Ujimqin Banner">East Ujimqin Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xilingol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Xilingol">Xilingol</a> (2009)</td> <td>43,394</td> <td>72.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_Ujimqin_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="West Ujimqin Banner">West Ujimqin Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xilingol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Xilingol">Xilingol</a></td> <td>57,000</td> <td>65%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sonid_Left_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sonid Left Banner">Sonid Left Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xilingol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Xilingol">Xilingol</a> (2006)</td> <td>20,987</td> <td>62.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bordered_Yellow_Banner,_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bordered Yellow Banner, Inner Mongolia">Bordered Yellow Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xilingol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Xilingol">Xilingol</a></td> <td>19,000</td> <td>62%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hure_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hure Banner">Hure Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></td> <td>93,000</td> <td>56%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jarud_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jarud Banner">Jarud Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongliao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></td> <td>144,000</td> <td>48%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Horqin_Right_Front_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horqin Right Front Banner">Horqin Right Front Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hinggan_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan</a></td> <td>162,000</td> <td>45%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_Barag_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Old Barag Banner">Old Barag Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hulunbuir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a> (2006)</td> <td>25,903</td> <td>43.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jalaid_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jalaid Banner">Jalaid Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hinggan_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan</a></td> <td>158,000</td> <td>39%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ar_Khorchin_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar Khorchin Banner">Ar Khorchin Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chifeng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a> (2002)</td> <td>108,000</td> <td>36.6%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Population numbers exclude members of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> in active service based in Inner Mongolia. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Language_and_culture">Language and culture</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Language and culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Culture_of_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Culture of Mongolia">Culture of Mongolia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Music_of_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Music of Mongolia">Music of Mongolia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Music_of_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Music of Inner Mongolia">Music of Inner Mongolia</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_language_in_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian language in Inner Mongolia">Mongolian language in Inner Mongolia</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:KFC_in_Hohhot.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/KFC_in_Hohhot.jpg/220px-KFC_in_Hohhot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="360"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 131px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/KFC_in_Hohhot.jpg/220px-KFC_in_Hohhot.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="131" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/KFC_in_Hohhot.jpg/330px-KFC_in_Hohhot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/KFC_in_Hohhot.jpg/440px-KFC_in_Hohhot.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/KFC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="KFC">KFC</a> in Hohhot, the capital, with a bilingual street sign in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_Language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Language">Mongolian</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Inner_Mongolian_rug_c._1870.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Inner_Mongolian_rug_c._1870.jpg/170px-Inner_Mongolian_rug_c._1870.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="640"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 210px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Inner_Mongolian_rug_c._1870.jpg/170px-Inner_Mongolian_rug_c._1870.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="210" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Inner_Mongolian_rug_c._1870.jpg/255px-Inner_Mongolian_rug_c._1870.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Inner_Mongolian_rug_c._1870.jpg/340px-Inner_Mongolian_rug_c._1870.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Inner Mongolian carpet c. 1870 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:C-shaped_jade_dragon.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/C-shaped_jade_dragon.jpg/170px-C-shaped_jade_dragon.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="171" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="643"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 171px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/C-shaped_jade_dragon.jpg/170px-C-shaped_jade_dragon.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="171" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/C-shaped_jade_dragon.jpg/255px-C-shaped_jade_dragon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/C-shaped_jade_dragon.jpg/340px-C-shaped_jade_dragon.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Jade dragon of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hongshan_culture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hongshan culture">Hongshan culture</a> (4700 BC – 2900 BC) found in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ongniud_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ongniud Banner">Ongniud Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chifeng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a> </figcaption> </figure> The use of Mongolian by Inner Mongolia's 4.1 million ethnic Mongols has sharply declined since the 1980s.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79">[73]</a> Across the whole of China, the language is spoken by roughly half of the country's 5.8 million ethnic Mongols (2005 estimate).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mongolian-80">[74]</a> However, the exact number of Mongolian speakers in China is unknown, as there is no data available on the language proficiency of that country's citizens. The use of Mongolian in China, specifically in Inner Mongolia, has witnessed periods of decline and revival over the last few hundred years. The language experienced a decline during the late Qing period, a revival between 1947 and 1965, a second decline between 1966 and 1976, a second revival between 1977 and 1992, and a third decline between 1995 and 2012.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81">[75]</a> However, in spite of the decline of the Mongolian language in some of Inner Mongolia's urban areas and educational spheres, the ethnic identity of the urbanised Chinese-speaking Mongols is most likely going to survive due to the presence of urban ethnic communities.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82">[76]</a> The multilingual situation in Inner Mongolia does not appear to obstruct efforts by ethnic Mongols to preserve their language.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83">[77]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84">[78]</a> Although an unknown number of Mongols in China, such as the Tumets, may have completely or partially lost the ability to speak their language, they are still registered as ethnic Mongols and continue to identify themselves as ethnic Mongols.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mongolian-80">[74]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85">[79]</a> The children of inter-ethnic Mongol-Chinese marriages also claim to be and are registered as ethnic Mongols.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86">[80]</a> By law, all street signs, commercial outlets, and government documents must be bilingual, written in both Mongolian and Chinese. There are three Mongolian TV channels in the Inner Mongolia Satellite TV network. In public transportation, all announcements are to be bilingual. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongols?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> in Inner Mongolia speak <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian dialects</a> such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chakhar_Mongolian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chakhar Mongolian">Chakhar</a>, Xilingol, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baarin_Mongolian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baarin Mongolian">Baarin</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khorchin_Mongolian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khorchin Mongolian">Khorchin</a> and Kharchin Mongolian and, depending on definition and analysis, further dialects<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87">[81]</a> or closely related independent Central <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolic_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic languages</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88">[82]</a> such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordos_Mongolian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordos Mongolian">Ordos</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khamnigan_Mongol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khamnigan Mongol">Khamnigan</a>, Barghu <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buryat_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buryat language">Buryat</a> and the arguably <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oirat_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oirat language">Oirat</a> dialect <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alasha_dialect?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alasha dialect">Alasha</a>. The standard pronunciation of Mongolian in China is based on the Chakhar dialect of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plain_Blue_Banner,_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plain Blue Banner, Inner Mongolia">Plain Blue Banner</a>, located in central Inner Mongolia, while the grammar is based on all <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_language_in_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian language in Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolian dialects</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89">[83]</a> This is different from the Mongolian state, where the standard pronunciation is based on the closely related <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khalkha_Mongolian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khalkha Mongolian">Khalkha</a> dialect. There are a number of independent languages spoken in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hulunbuir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a> such as the somewhat more distant Mongolic language <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daur_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Daur language">Dagur</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tungusic_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tungusic languages">Tungusic language</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evenki_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evenki language">Evenki</a>. Officially, even the Evenki dialect <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oroqen_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oroqen language">Oroqin</a> is considered a language.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90">[84]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> of Inner Mongolia speak a variety of dialects, depending on the region. Those in the eastern parts tend to speak <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northeastern_Mandarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northeastern Mandarin">Northeastern Mandarin</a>, which belongs to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> group of dialects; those in the central parts, such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yellow_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> valley, speak varieties of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jin_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jin Chinese">Jin</a>, another subdivision of Chinese, due to its proximity to other Jin-speaking areas in China such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shanxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> province. Cities such as Hohhot and Baotou both have their unique brand of Jin Chinese such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zhangjiakou%E2%80%93Hohhot_dialect?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zhangjiakou–Hohhot dialect">Zhangjiakou–Hohhot dialect</a> which are sometimes incomprehensible with dialects spoken in northeastern regions such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hailar_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hailar District">Hailar</a>. The vast grasslands have long symbolised Inner Mongolia. Mongolian art often depicts the grassland in an uplifting fashion and emphasises Mongolian nomadic traditions. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongols_in_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongols in China">Mongols</a> of Inner Mongolia still practice their traditional arts. Inner Mongolian cuisine has Mongol roots and consists of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dairy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dairy">dairy</a>-related products and hand-held lamb (手扒肉). In recent years, franchises based on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hot_pot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hot pot">hot pot</a> have appeared in Inner Mongolia, the best known of which is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Little_Sheep_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Little Sheep Group">Little Sheep</a>. Notable Inner Mongolian commercial brand names include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mengniu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengniu">Mengniu</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yili_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yili Group">Yili</a>, both of which began as dairy product and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ice_cream?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a> producers. Among the Han Chinese of Inner Mongolia, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shanxi_opera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shanxi opera">Shanxi opera</a> is a popular traditional form of entertainment. See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shanxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>. A popular career in Inner Mongolia is circus acrobatics. The internationally known Inner Mongolia Acrobatic Troupe travels and performs with the renowned <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ringling_Bros._and_Barnum_%26_Bailey_Circus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus">Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Religion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religion_in_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Religion in Inner Mongolia">Religion in Inner Mongolia</a> </div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody> <tr style="background:none"> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Inner Mongolia (2005–2010)</th> </tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_Buddhism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Han Buddhism">Han Buddhism</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolian</a> folk religion (worship of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tian">Heaven</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ovoo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ovoo">ovoo/aobao</a>)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:DarkSlateBlue; width:80%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">80%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:Yellow; width:12.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">12.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_ancestral_religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese ancestral religion">Chinese ancestral religion</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:Crimson; width:2.35%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.35%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:DodgerBlue; width:2.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:Green; width:1.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.0%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Yard_leading_to_the_Temple_of_the_White_Sulde_of_Genghis_Khan,_in_Uxin,_Inner_Mongolia,_China.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Yard_leading_to_the_Temple_of_the_White_Sulde_of_Genghis_Khan%2C_in_Uxin%2C_Inner_Mongolia%2C_China.jpg/220px-Yard_leading_to_the_Temple_of_the_White_Sulde_of_Genghis_Khan%2C_in_Uxin%2C_Inner_Mongolia%2C_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Yard_leading_to_the_Temple_of_the_White_Sulde_of_Genghis_Khan%2C_in_Uxin%2C_Inner_Mongolia%2C_China.jpg/220px-Yard_leading_to_the_Temple_of_the_White_Sulde_of_Genghis_Khan%2C_in_Uxin%2C_Inner_Mongolia%2C_China.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Yard_leading_to_the_Temple_of_the_White_Sulde_of_Genghis_Khan%2C_in_Uxin%2C_Inner_Mongolia%2C_China.jpg/330px-Yard_leading_to_the_Temple_of_the_White_Sulde_of_Genghis_Khan%2C_in_Uxin%2C_Inner_Mongolia%2C_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Yard_leading_to_the_Temple_of_the_White_Sulde_of_Genghis_Khan%2C_in_Uxin%2C_Inner_Mongolia%2C_China.jpg/440px-Yard_leading_to_the_Temple_of_the_White_Sulde_of_Genghis_Khan%2C_in_Uxin%2C_Inner_Mongolia%2C_China.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Temple of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BClde_Tngri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sülde Tngri">White Sulde</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genghis_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> in the town of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uxin_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uxin Banner">Uxin</a> in Inner Mongolia, in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordos_Desert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordos Desert">Mu Us Desert</a>. The worship of Genghis is shared by Chinese and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_folk_religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian folk religion">Mongolian folk religion</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91">[d]</a> </figcaption> </figure> According to a survey held in 2004 by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minzu_University_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minzu University of China">Minzu University of China</a>, about 80% of the population of the region practice the worship of Heaven (that is named <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tian">Tian</a> in the Chinese tradition and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tengri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tengri">Tenger</a> in the Mongolian tradition) and of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ovoo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ovoo">ovoo/aobao</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Yang-Lang-92">[85]</a> Official statistics report that 10.9% of the population (3 million people) are members of Tibetan Buddhist groups.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wu-Fang2016-93">[86]</a> According to the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey of 2007 and the Chinese General Social Survey of 2009, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is the religious identity of 3.2% of the population of the region and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_ancestral_religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese ancestral religion">Chinese ancestral religion</a> that of 2.36%,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wang2015-94">[87]</a> while a demographic analysis of the year 2010 reported that Muslims make up 0.91%.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2010-Islam-95">[88]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cult_(religious_practice)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cult (religious practice)">cult</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genghis_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>, present in the form of various Genghis Khan temples, is a tradition of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolian shamanism</a>, in which he is considered a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cultural_hero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural hero">cultural hero</a> and divine ancestor, an embodiment of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tengri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tengri">Tenger</a> (Heaven, God of Heaven).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96">[89]</a> His worship in special temples, greatly developed in Inner Mongolia since the 1980s, is also shared by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>, claiming his spirit as the founding principle of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yuan_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97">[90]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">Mongolian Buddhism</a>, locally also known as "Yellow Buddhism") is the dominant form of Buddhism in Inner Mongolia, also practised by many <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>. Another form of Buddhism, practised by the Chinese, are the schools of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Tourism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> In the capital city <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hohhot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a>: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dazhao_Temple_(Hohhot)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dazhao Temple (Hohhot)">Da Zhao Temple</a> is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Buddhist</a> temple built in 1580. Dazhao Temple is known for three sites: a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statue">statue</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gautama_Buddha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a> made from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silver?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Silver">silver</a>, elaborate carvings of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dragon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dragon">dragons</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mural?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mural">murals</a>.</li> <li>Five-pagoda Temple is located in the capital of Inner Mongolia Hohhot. It is also called Jingangzuo Dagoba, used to be one building of the Cideng Temple (Temple of Merciful Light) built in 1727.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Residence_of_Gurun_Princess_Kejing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Residence of Gurun Princess Kejing">Residence of Gurun Princess Kejing</a> is a mansion typical of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qing_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> architectural style that was built in 1705 by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a> for his daughter.</li> <li>Wanbu-Huayanjing Pagoda (万部华严经塔) in Hohhot. It was built during the reign of Emperor Shengzong (983–1031) of the Khitan Liao dynasty (907–1125) and is still well preserved.</li> <li>Xiaozhao Temple, also known as Chongfu temple, is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Buddhist</a> temple built in 1697 and favoured by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qing_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xilitu_Zhao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xilitu Zhao">Xilitu Zhao / Siregtu juu Temple</a> is the largest Buddhist temple in the Höhhot area, and once the center of power of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> in the region.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zhaojun_Tomb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zhaojun Tomb">Zhaojun Tomb</a> is the tomb of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wang_Zhaojun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wang Zhaojun">Wang Zhaojun</a>, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> palace lady-in-waiting who became the consort of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xiongnu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a> ruler Huhanye Shanyu in 33BC.</li> </ul> Elsewhere in Inner Mongolia: <ul> <li>Baotou's urban grassland, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://factsanddetails.com/china/cat15/sub103/entry-6516.html">Saihantala</a>, with elevations ranging from 1,034 to 1,058 meters, features yurts, god hills, wrestling, and horse racing activities.</li> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Genghis_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mausoleum of Genghis Khan">Mausoleum of Genghis Khan</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cenotaph?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cenotaph">cenotaph</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genghis_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>, is located in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordos_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordos City">Ordos City</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bashang_Grasslands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bashang Grasslands">Bashang Grasslands</a>, on the border close to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beijing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, is a popular retreat for urban residents wanting to get a taste of grasslands life.</li> <li>The Arshihaty Stone Forest in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hexigten_Global_Geopark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexigten Global Geopark">Hexigten Global Geopark</a> has magnificent granite rock formations formed from natural erosion.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xiangshawan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xiangshawan">Xiangshawan</a>, or "singing sands gorge", is located in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gobi_Desert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gobi Desert">Gobi Desert</a> and contains numerous tourist attractions including sand sledding and camel rides.</li> <li>Remains of Zhongjing (Central Capital) built in 1003 by Emperor Shengzong of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khitan_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liao_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> (907–1125) in Ningcheng County.</li> <li>Remains of Shangjing (Upper Capital) built in 918 by Yelu Abaoji the 1st emperor of the Khitan Liao dynasty (907–1125). Also called Huangdu it was one of the five capitals of the Liao dynasty.</li> <li>Zuling Mausoleum of Abaoji Khan. It was built in 926 for Abaoji the 1st Emperor of the Liao dynasty. Located north-west of Shifangzi village.</li> <li>Tablets of Juyan. Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) inscriptions on wood and bamboo. In 1930 Folke Bergman of the Sino-Swedish expedition first discovered 10,000 tablets at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ejin_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ejin Banner">Ejin Khoshuu</a> in the Gobi Desert.</li> <li>Ruins of Shangdu (Xanadu) the Summer Capital of the Mongol Yuan dynasty built in 1256 by Kublai Khan.</li> <li>White pagoda of the Mongol Yuan dynasty (1279–1368) in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kailu_County?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kailu County">Kailu County</a>, Tongliao. It is still well preserved.</li> <li>Ruins of Chagan Khoto (查干浩特) capital of the last Mongol <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Khan">Great Khan</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligdan_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligdan Khan">Ligden</a> (1588–1634). Located in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ar_Horqin_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ar Horqin Banner">Ar Horqin Banner</a>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center_with_sign.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center_with_sign.jpg/220px-Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center_with_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center_with_sign.jpg/220px-Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center_with_sign.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center_with_sign.jpg/330px-Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center_with_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center_with_sign.jpg/440px-Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center_with_sign.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Sign of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center </figcaption> </figure> One of China's space vehicle launch facilities, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center">Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center</a>, is located in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alxa_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alxa League">Alxa League</a>'s <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ejin_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ejin Banner">Ejin Banner</a>, in the west of Inner Mongolia. It was founded in 1958, making it the PRC's first launch facility. As of 2021, Jiuquan has documented more launches than any other launch facilities in China, and is still the only launch site for crewed space missions (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shenzhou_program?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenzhou program">Shenzhou program</a>). While geologically located inside Inner Mongolia, the launch center is named after Jiuquan, which is the nearest urban center in the nearby province of Gansu. As military facilities, the core areas at Jiuquan Center are highly restricted and can only be visited by tourist buses operated by the center, while the visitor center is open to the public and can be accessed from the south gate. Inner Mongolia is also home to the two (and only two) space vehicles landing sites in China, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siziwang_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Siziwang Banner">Siziwang Banner</a> Landing Site in Ulanqab and the Dongfeng Landing Site in Alxa. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="Education">Education</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of universities and colleges in Inner Mongolia">List of universities and colleges in Inner Mongolia</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Language_policy_and_protest">Language policy and protest</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Language policy and protest" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Inner Mongolia under the People's Republic of China has historically allowed the Mongolian language as a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medium_of_instruction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medium of instruction">medium of instruction</a>. A 1979 article from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/People%27s_Daily?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a> praises the re-establishment of Mongolian-language education after "interference and vandalism by the Gang of Four" during the Cultural Revolution.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98">[91]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2020_Inner_Mongolia_protests?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2020 Inner Mongolia protests">2020 Inner Mongolia protests</a> </div> It was reported by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> on 31 August 2020 that in the summer 2020, the Chinese government announced a new education policy, which called for Chinese to gradually replace Mongolian as the language of instruction in three subjects, including language and literature, politics, and history, in elementary and middle schools around the Inner Mongolia region. Thousands of ethnic Mongolians in northern China gathered to protest the policy.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99">[92]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <h2 id="Image_gallery">Image gallery</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Image gallery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%83%E7%BB%9F3.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Ulaanbutan grassland"> <noscript> <img alt="Ulaanbutan grassland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%83%E7%BB%9F3.jpg/280px-%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%83%E7%BB%9F3.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1338" data-file-height="1004"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 187px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%83%E7%BB%9F3.jpg/280px-%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%83%E7%BB%9F3.jpg" data-alt="Ulaanbutan grassland" data-width="187" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%83%E7%BB%9F3.jpg/420px-%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%83%E7%BB%9F3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%83%E7%BB%9F3.jpg/560px-%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%83%E7%BB%9F3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Ulaanbutan grassland </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Inner_Mongolia_grassland_(2005).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Inner Mongolian grassland"> <noscript> <img alt="Inner Mongolian grassland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Inner_Mongolia_grassland_%282005%29.jpg/280px-Inner_Mongolia_grassland_%282005%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 187px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Inner_Mongolia_grassland_%282005%29.jpg/280px-Inner_Mongolia_grassland_%282005%29.jpg" data-alt="Inner Mongolian grassland" data-width="187" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Inner_Mongolia_grassland_%282005%29.jpg/420px-Inner_Mongolia_grassland_%282005%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Inner_Mongolia_grassland_%282005%29.jpg/560px-Inner_Mongolia_grassland_%282005%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Inner Mongolian grassland </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 218.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 216.66666666667px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:AlshaaUul.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Helan Mountains scenery"> <noscript> <img alt="Helan Mountains scenery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/AlshaaUul.jpg/325px-AlshaaUul.jpg" decoding="async" width="217" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2747" data-file-height="1775"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 217px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/AlshaaUul.jpg/325px-AlshaaUul.jpg" data-alt="Helan Mountains scenery" data-width="217" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/AlshaaUul.jpg/488px-AlshaaUul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/AlshaaUul.jpg/650px-AlshaaUul.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helan_Mountains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helan Mountains">Helan Mountains</a> scenery </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 108px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 106px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Cooking,_mural_from_Tomb_in_Aohan,_Liao_Dynasty.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Khitan people cooking. Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb in Aohan Banner"> <noscript> <img alt="Khitan people cooking. Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb in Aohan Banner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cooking%2C_mural_from_Tomb_in_Aohan%2C_Liao_Dynasty.jpg/159px-Cooking%2C_mural_from_Tomb_in_Aohan%2C_Liao_Dynasty.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="794"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 106px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cooking%2C_mural_from_Tomb_in_Aohan%2C_Liao_Dynasty.jpg/159px-Cooking%2C_mural_from_Tomb_in_Aohan%2C_Liao_Dynasty.jpg" data-alt="Khitan people cooking. Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb in Aohan Banner" data-width="106" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cooking%2C_mural_from_Tomb_in_Aohan%2C_Liao_Dynasty.jpg/238px-Cooking%2C_mural_from_Tomb_in_Aohan%2C_Liao_Dynasty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cooking%2C_mural_from_Tomb_in_Aohan%2C_Liao_Dynasty.jpg/317px-Cooking%2C_mural_from_Tomb_in_Aohan%2C_Liao_Dynasty.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khitan_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khitan people">Khitan people</a> cooking. Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aohan_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aohan Banner">Aohan Banner</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 163.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 161.33333333333px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Fresco_Songjingtu,_Liao_Dynasty_Tomb_at_Baoshan.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb at Baoshan, Ar Horqin Banner"> <noscript> <img alt="Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb at Baoshan, Ar Horqin Banner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Fresco_Songjingtu%2C_Liao_Dynasty_Tomb_at_Baoshan.jpg/242px-Fresco_Songjingtu%2C_Liao_Dynasty_Tomb_at_Baoshan.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1039" data-file-height="901"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 162px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Fresco_Songjingtu%2C_Liao_Dynasty_Tomb_at_Baoshan.jpg/242px-Fresco_Songjingtu%2C_Liao_Dynasty_Tomb_at_Baoshan.jpg" data-alt="Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb at Baoshan, Ar Horqin Banner" data-width="162" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Fresco_Songjingtu%2C_Liao_Dynasty_Tomb_at_Baoshan.jpg/363px-Fresco_Songjingtu%2C_Liao_Dynasty_Tomb_at_Baoshan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Fresco_Songjingtu%2C_Liao_Dynasty_Tomb_at_Baoshan.jpg/484px-Fresco_Songjingtu%2C_Liao_Dynasty_Tomb_at_Baoshan.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Fresco from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liao_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> (907–1125) tomb at Baoshan, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ar_Horqin_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ar Horqin Banner">Ar Horqin Banner</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Statue_at_the_Wang_Zhaojun_Tomb.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Honorary tomb of Wang Zhaojun (born c. 50BC) in Hohhot"> <noscript> <img alt="Honorary tomb of Wang Zhaojun (born c. 50BC) in Hohhot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Statue_at_the_Wang_Zhaojun_Tomb.jpg/339px-Statue_at_the_Wang_Zhaojun_Tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="635"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 226px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Statue_at_the_Wang_Zhaojun_Tomb.jpg/339px-Statue_at_the_Wang_Zhaojun_Tomb.jpg" data-alt="Honorary tomb of Wang Zhaojun (born c. 50BC) in Hohhot" data-width="226" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Statue_at_the_Wang_Zhaojun_Tomb.jpg/508px-Statue_at_the_Wang_Zhaojun_Tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Statue_at_the_Wang_Zhaojun_Tomb.jpg/678px-Statue_at_the_Wang_Zhaojun_Tomb.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Honorary tomb of Wang Zhaojun (born c. 50BC) in Hohhot </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210.66666666667px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Khara-khoto.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Remains of the city Khara-Khoto built in 1032. Located in Ejin Banner, Alxa League"> <noscript> <img alt="Remains of the city Khara-Khoto built in 1032. Located in Ejin Banner, Alxa League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Khara-khoto.jpg/316px-Khara-khoto.jpg" decoding="async" width="211" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1063"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 211px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Khara-khoto.jpg/316px-Khara-khoto.jpg" data-alt="Remains of the city Khara-Khoto built in 1032. Located in Ejin Banner, Alxa League" data-width="211" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Khara-khoto.jpg/474px-Khara-khoto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Khara-khoto.jpg/632px-Khara-khoto.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Remains of the city <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khara-Khoto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khara-Khoto">Khara-Khoto</a> built in 1032. Located in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ejin_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ejin Banner">Ejin Banner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alxa_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alxa League">Alxa League</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 213.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 211.33333333333px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%AC%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%85%A8%E6%99%AF%E6%B2%99%E7%9B%98.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Maidari Juu temple fortress (美岱召; měidài zhào) built by Altan Khan in 1575 near Baotou"> <noscript> <img alt="Maidari Juu temple fortress (美岱召; měidài zhào) built by Altan Khan in 1575 near Baotou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%AC%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%85%A8%E6%99%AF%E6%B2%99%E7%9B%98.jpg/317px-%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%AC%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%85%A8%E6%99%AF%E6%B2%99%E7%9B%98.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 212px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%AC%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%85%A8%E6%99%AF%E6%B2%99%E7%9B%98.jpg/317px-%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%AC%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%85%A8%E6%99%AF%E6%B2%99%E7%9B%98.jpg" data-alt="Maidari Juu temple fortress (美岱召; měidài zhào) built by Altan Khan in 1575 near Baotou" data-width="212" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%AC%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%85%A8%E6%99%AF%E6%B2%99%E7%9B%98.jpg/476px-%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%AC%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%85%A8%E6%99%AF%E6%B2%99%E7%9B%98.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%AC%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%85%A8%E6%99%AF%E6%B2%99%E7%9B%98.jpg/634px-%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%AC%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%85%A8%E6%99%AF%E6%B2%99%E7%9B%98.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Maidari Juu temple fortress (美岱召; měidài zhào) built by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Altan_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Altan Khan">Altan Khan</a> in 1575 near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baotou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baotou">Baotou</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%ACnew_stone_arch.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Newly built arch in front of the Maidari Juu temple fortress (1575)"> <noscript> <img alt="Newly built arch in front of the Maidari Juu temple fortress (1575)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%ACnew_stone_arch.png/315px-%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%ACnew_stone_arch.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%ACnew_stone_arch.png/315px-%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%ACnew_stone_arch.png" data-alt="Newly built arch in front of the Maidari Juu temple fortress (1575)" data-width="210" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%ACnew_stone_arch.png/473px-%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%ACnew_stone_arch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%ACnew_stone_arch.png/630px-%E7%BE%8E%E5%B2%B1%E5%8F%ACnew_stone_arch.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Newly built arch in front of the Maidari Juu temple fortress (1575) </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Da_Zhao_Temple_in_Hohhot3.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Dazhao temple (also called Ikh Zuu) built by Altan Khan in 1579"> <noscript> <img alt="Dazhao temple (also called Ikh Zuu) built by Altan Khan in 1579" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Da_Zhao_Temple_in_Hohhot3.JPG/280px-Da_Zhao_Temple_in_Hohhot3.JPG" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 187px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Da_Zhao_Temple_in_Hohhot3.JPG/280px-Da_Zhao_Temple_in_Hohhot3.JPG" data-alt="Dazhao temple (also called Ikh Zuu) built by Altan Khan in 1579" data-width="187" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Da_Zhao_Temple_in_Hohhot3.JPG/420px-Da_Zhao_Temple_in_Hohhot3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Da_Zhao_Temple_in_Hohhot3.JPG/560px-Da_Zhao_Temple_in_Hohhot3.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dazhao_Temple_(Hohhot)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dazhao Temple (Hohhot)">Dazhao temple</a> (also called Ikh Zuu) built by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Altan_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Altan Khan">Altan Khan</a> in 1579 </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 106.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 104.66666666667px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Five_Pagoda_Temple,_Huhhot,_Inner_Mongolia.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Five Pagoda temple (1727) in Hohhot"> <noscript> <img alt="Five Pagoda temple (1727) in Hohhot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Five_Pagoda_Temple%2C_Huhhot%2C_Inner_Mongolia.JPG/157px-Five_Pagoda_Temple%2C_Huhhot%2C_Inner_Mongolia.JPG" decoding="async" width="105" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 105px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Five_Pagoda_Temple%2C_Huhhot%2C_Inner_Mongolia.JPG/157px-Five_Pagoda_Temple%2C_Huhhot%2C_Inner_Mongolia.JPG" data-alt="Five Pagoda temple (1727) in Hohhot" data-width="105" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Five_Pagoda_Temple%2C_Huhhot%2C_Inner_Mongolia.JPG/236px-Five_Pagoda_Temple%2C_Huhhot%2C_Inner_Mongolia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Five_Pagoda_Temple%2C_Huhhot%2C_Inner_Mongolia.JPG/315px-Five_Pagoda_Temple%2C_Huhhot%2C_Inner_Mongolia.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Five Pagoda temple (1727) in Hohhot </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:InnerMongoliaBuddhistTemple.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Badekar Monastery (1749) near Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Called Badgar Zuu in Mongolian"> <noscript> <img alt="Badekar Monastery (1749) near Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Called Badgar Zuu in Mongolian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/InnerMongoliaBuddhistTemple.jpg/339px-InnerMongoliaBuddhistTemple.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1048" data-file-height="649"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 226px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/InnerMongoliaBuddhistTemple.jpg/339px-InnerMongoliaBuddhistTemple.jpg" data-alt="Badekar Monastery (1749) near Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Called Badgar Zuu in Mongolian" data-width="226" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/InnerMongoliaBuddhistTemple.jpg/509px-InnerMongoliaBuddhistTemple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/InnerMongoliaBuddhistTemple.jpg/679px-InnerMongoliaBuddhistTemple.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Badekar_Monastery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Badekar Monastery">Badekar Monastery</a> (1749) near Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Called Badgar Zuu in Mongolian </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Badain_Jaran_Temple_Reflection.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Badain Jaran temple (1868) in Alxa Right Banner, western Inner Mongolia"> <noscript> <img alt="Badain Jaran temple (1868) in Alxa Right Banner, western Inner Mongolia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Badain_Jaran_Temple_Reflection.JPG/315px-Badain_Jaran_Temple_Reflection.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="2720"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Badain_Jaran_Temple_Reflection.JPG/315px-Badain_Jaran_Temple_Reflection.JPG" data-alt="Badain Jaran temple (1868) in Alxa Right Banner, western Inner Mongolia" data-width="210" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Badain_Jaran_Temple_Reflection.JPG/473px-Badain_Jaran_Temple_Reflection.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Badain_Jaran_Temple_Reflection.JPG/630px-Badain_Jaran_Temple_Reflection.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Badain Jaran temple (1868) in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alxa_Right_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alxa Right Banner">Alxa Right Banner</a>, western Inner Mongolia </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:AlshaaBaruunHiid.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Alxa Western Monastery (Alshaa Baruun Hiid) built in 1756"> <noscript> <img alt="Alxa Western Monastery (Alshaa Baruun Hiid) built in 1756" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/AlshaaBaruunHiid.jpg/405px-AlshaaBaruunHiid.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="1272"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/AlshaaBaruunHiid.jpg/405px-AlshaaBaruunHiid.jpg" data-alt="Alxa Western Monastery (Alshaa Baruun Hiid) built in 1756" data-width="270" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/AlshaaBaruunHiid.jpg/607px-AlshaaBaruunHiid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/AlshaaBaruunHiid.jpg/809px-AlshaaBaruunHiid.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Alxa Western Monastery (Alshaa Baruun Hiid) built in 1756 </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 221.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 219.33333333333px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Genghis_khan_mausoleum.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Genghis Khan Mausoleum (1954) in Ejin Horo Banner"> <noscript> <img alt="Genghis Khan Mausoleum (1954) in Ejin Horo Banner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Genghis_khan_mausoleum.jpg/329px-Genghis_khan_mausoleum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2725" data-file-height="1740"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Genghis_khan_mausoleum.jpg/329px-Genghis_khan_mausoleum.jpg" data-alt="Genghis Khan Mausoleum (1954) in Ejin Horo Banner" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Genghis_khan_mausoleum.jpg/494px-Genghis_khan_mausoleum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Genghis_khan_mausoleum.jpg/658px-Genghis_khan_mausoleum.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genghis_Khan_Mausoleum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Genghis Khan Mausoleum">Genghis Khan Mausoleum</a> (1954) in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ejin_Horo_Banner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ejin Horo Banner">Ejin Horo Banner</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 208.66666666667px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:GhinggisKhanMausoleumGate.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Genghis Khan Mausoleum (1954)"> <noscript> <img alt="Genghis Khan Mausoleum (1954)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/GhinggisKhanMausoleumGate.jpg/313px-GhinggisKhanMausoleumGate.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1720"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 209px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/GhinggisKhanMausoleumGate.jpg/313px-GhinggisKhanMausoleumGate.jpg" data-alt="Genghis Khan Mausoleum (1954)" data-width="209" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/GhinggisKhanMausoleumGate.jpg/469px-GhinggisKhanMausoleumGate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/GhinggisKhanMausoleumGate.jpg/625px-GhinggisKhanMausoleumGate.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Genghis Khan Mausoleum (1954) </div></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"> <noscript> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leagues_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leagues of China">Leagues of Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Inner_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia">List of administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Major_national_historical_and_cultural_sites_(Inner_Mongolia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Major national historical and cultural sites (Inner Mongolia)">Major national historical and cultural sites in Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winter_storms_of_2009%E2%80%9310_in_East_Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Winter storms of 2009–10 in East Asia">Winter storms of 2009–10 in East Asia</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"> <h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a> <div> <ul> <li>Also known as Öbhör Mongol or Nei Mongol</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 内蒙古; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Nèi Měnggǔ</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠥᠪᠥᠷ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">[ˈɵw̜ʊ̈r ˈmɔɴɢɜ̆ɮ]</a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a> <div> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 内蒙古自治区; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Nèiměnggǔ Zìzhìqū</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠥᠪᠥᠷ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠨ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠣᠷᠣᠨ, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">[ˈɵw̜ʊ̈r ˌmɔɴɢɜ̆ˈɮiːɴ ˈoːr̥tʰoː ˈt͡sasəχ ˈɔɾɞɴ]</a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a> The provinces of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_of_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Mongolia">State of Mongolia</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Outer_Mongolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Outer Mongolia">Outer Mongolia</a> that border Inner Mongolia are, from east to west, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dornod_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dornod Province">Dornod</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BCkhbaatar_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sükhbaatar Province">Sükhbaatar</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dornogovi_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dornogovi Province">Dornogovi</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%96mn%C3%B6govi_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ömnögovi Province">Ömnögovi</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bayankhongor_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bayankhongor Province">Bayankhongor</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Govi-Altai_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Govi-Altai Province">Govi-Altai</a></li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-91">^</a> The White Sulde (White Spirit) is one of the two spirits of Genghis Khan (the other being the Black Sulde), represented either as his white or yellow horse or as a fierce warrior riding this horse. In its interior, the temple enshrines a statue of Genghis Khan (at the center) and four of his men on each side (the total making nine, a symbolic number in Mongolian culture), there is an altar where offerings to the godly men are made, and three white suldes made with white horse hair. From the central sulde there are strings which hold tied light blue pieces of cloth with a few white ones. The wall is covered with all the names of the Mongol kins. The Chinese worship Genghis as the ancestral god of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yuan_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>.</li> </ol> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"> <div class="reflist"> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mofcom-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mofcom_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20130805091244/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">"Doing Business in China – Survey"</a>. Ministry Of Commerce – People's Republic Of China. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">the original</a> on 5 August 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doing+Business+in+China+%E2%80%93+Survey&rft.pub=Ministry+Of+Commerce+%E2%80%93+People%27s+Republic+Of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.mofcom.gov.cn%2Farticle%2Fzt_business%2Flanmub%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-quaternary-2">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-quaternary_2-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-quaternary_2-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-quaternary_2-2">c</a> Wei Zhang, Mingyue He, Yonghua Li, Zhijiu Cui, Zhilin Wang and Yang Yu; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11434-012-5283-z?LI%3Dtrue">"Quaternary glacier development and the relationship between the climate change and tectonic uplift in the Helan Mountains"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614221659/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11434-012-5283-z?LI%3Dtrue">Archived</a> 14 June 2017 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; in Chinese Science Bulletin; December 2012, Volume 57, Issue 34, pp. 4491–4504.</li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html">"Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+Seventh+National+Population+Census+%28No.+3%29&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FPressRelease%2F202105%2Ft20210510_1817188.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/CN/status">"China"</a>. Ethnologue.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FCN%2Fstatus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-GDPdata-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GDPdata_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn%3DE0103">"National Data"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">China NBS</a>. March 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Data&rft.pub=China+NBS&rft.date=2024-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2Feasyquery.htm%3Fcn%3DE0103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"> see also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nmg.gov.cn/tjsj/sjfb/tjsj/tjgb/202403/t20240321_2483646.html">"zh: 内蒙古自治区2023年国民经济和社会发展统计公报"</a>. neimenggu.gov.cn. 21 March 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=zh%3A+%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA2023%E5%B9%B4%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=neimenggu.gov.cn&rft.date=2024-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmg.gov.cn%2Ftjsj%2Fsjfb%2Ftjsj%2Ftjgb%2F202403%2Ft20240321_2483646.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"> The average exchange rate of 2023 was CNY 7.0467 to 1 USD dollar <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202402/t20240228_1947918.html">"Statistical communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2023 national economic and social development"</a> (Press release). China NBS. 29 February 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China+on+the+2023+national+economic+and+social+development&rft.pub=China+NBS&rft.date=2024-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FPressRelease%2F202402%2Ft20240228_1947918.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-SHDI-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SHDI_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/CHN/?levels%3D1%2B4%26years%3D2022%26interpolation%3D0%26extrapolation%3D0">"Human Development Indices (8.0)- China"</a>. Global Data Lab. Retrieved 23 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Data+Lab&rft.atitle=Human+Development+Indices+%288.0%29-+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldatalab.org%2Fshdi%2Ftable%2Fshdi%2FCHN%2F%3Flevels%3D1%2B4%26years%3D2022%26interpolation%3D0%26extrapolation%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/statisticaldata/censusdata/rkpc2010/indexch.htm">"Tabulation on the 2010 Population Census of the People's Republic of China"</a>. stats.gov.cn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707111020/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/statisticaldata/censusdata/rkpc2010/indexch.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stats.gov.cn&rft.atitle=Tabulation+on+the+2010+Population+Census+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2Fstatisticaldata%2Fcensusdata%2Frkpc2010%2Findexch.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnicity-10">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ethnicity_10-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ethnicity_10-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ethnicity_10-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804123411/http://tj.nmg.gov.cn/ztzl/dqcqgrkpc/202105/t20210526_1596849.html">"内蒙古自治区第七次全国人口普查公报（第一号）-第七次全国人口普查-内蒙古自治区统计局"</a>. tj.nmg.gov.cn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://tj.nmg.gov.cn/ztzl/dqcqgrkpc/202105/t20210526_1596849.html">the original</a> on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tj.nmg.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%B7%EF%BC%89-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5-%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftj.nmg.gov.cn%2Fztzl%2Fdqcqgrkpc%2F202105%2Ft20210526_1596849.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.economist.com/china/2023/09/14/chinas-push-to-create-a-single-national-identity">"China's push to create a single national identity"</a>. The Economist. 14 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=China%27s+push+to+create+a+single+national+identity&rft.date=2023-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fchina%2F2023%2F09%2F14%2Fchinas-push-to-create-a-single-national-identity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Borjigin-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Borjigin_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorjigin2004" class="citation journal cs1">Borjigin, Huhbator (2004). "The history and political character of the name of 'Nei Menggu' (South Mongolia)". Inner Asia (6): 61–80. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1163%252F146481704793647207">10.1163/146481704793647207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inner+Asia&rft.atitle=The+history+and+political+character+of+the+name+of+%27Nei+Menggu%27+%28South+Mongolia%29&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=61-80&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F146481704793647207&rft.aulast=Borjigin&rft.aufirst=Huhbator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a> History of Mongolia, Volume I, 2003.</li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a> Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian.</li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a> CPAtwood-Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, p. 246.</li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a> Atwood, Christopher. Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, p. 449.</li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReardon-Anderson2000" class="citation journal cs1">Reardon-Anderson, James (October 2000). "Land Use and Society in Manchuria and Inner Mongolia during the Qing Dynasty". Environmental History. 5 (4): 503–530. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.2307%252F3985584">10.2307/3985584</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3985584">3985584</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143541438">143541438</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+History&rft.atitle=Land+Use+and+Society+in+Manchuria+and+Inner+Mongolia+during+the+Qing+Dynasty&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=503-530&rft.date=2000-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143541438%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3985584%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3985584&rft.aulast=Reardon-Anderson&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DfA7ADxUa6vUC%26dq%3DCross%2Bleague%2Bborders%2Bmongols%26pg%3DPA41">Bulag 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102101252/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DfA7ADxUa6vUC%26pg%3DPA41%26dq%3DCross%2Bleague%2Bborders%2Bmongols%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DyqgfVMatINiiyATElYKAAQ%26ved%3D0CCcQ6wEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DCross%2520league%2520borders%2520mongols%26f%3Dfalse">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 41.</li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharleux2015" class="citation book cs1">Charleux, Isabelle (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DVzoLCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA15">Nomads on Pilgrimage: Mongols on Wutaishan (China), 1800–1940</a>. BRILL. p. 15. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29778-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29778-4"><bdi>978-90-04-29778-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomads+on+Pilgrimage%3A+Mongols+on+Wutaishan+%28China%29%2C+1800%E2%80%931940&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-90-04-29778-4&rft.aulast=Charleux&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVzoLCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 10. Cambridge University Press. 1978. p. 356.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China&rft.pages=356&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsai2017" class="citation thesis cs1">Tsai, Wei-chieh (June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.proquest.com/openview/5c6d78516e80433b02e24bbac4409096/1.pdf?pq-origsite%3Dgscholar%26cbl%3D18750%26diss%3Dy">Mongolization of Han Chinese and Manchu Settlers in Qing Mongolia, 1700–1911</a> (PDF) (Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Central Eurasian Studies, Indiana University). ProQuest LLC. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Mongolization+of+Han+Chinese+and+Manchu+Settlers+in+Qing+Mongolia%2C+1700%E2%80%931911&rft.inst=ProQuest+LLC&rft.date=2017-06&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=Wei-chieh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fopenview%2F5c6d78516e80433b02e24bbac4409096%2F1.pdf%3Fpq-origsite%3Dgscholar%26cbl%3D18750%26diss%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiu2006" class="citation book cs1">Liu, Xiaoyuan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DmhJY7VgEWTUC%26q%3Dli%2Bshouxin%2Bzhen%2Bmenggu%26pg%3DPA117">Reins of Liberation: An Entangled History of Mongolian Independence, Chinese Territoriality, and Great Power Hegemony, 1911–1950</a> (illustrated ed.). Stanford University Press. p. 117. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-5426-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-5426-8"><bdi>0-8047-5426-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reins+of+Liberation%3A+An+Entangled+History+of+Mongolian+Independence%2C+Chinese+Territoriality%2C+and+Great+Power+Hegemony%2C+1911%E2%80%931950&rft.pages=117&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8047-5426-8&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Xiaoyuan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmhJY7VgEWTUC%26q%3Dli%2Bshouxin%2Bzhen%2Bmenggu%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorjigin2004" class="citation journal cs1">Borjigin, Burensain (2004). "The Complex Structure of Ethnic Conflict in the Frontier: Through the Debates around the 'Jindandao Incident' in 1891". Inner Asia. 6 (1): 41–60. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1163%252F146481704793647171">10.1163/146481704793647171</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23615320">23615320</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inner+Asia&rft.atitle=The+Complex+Structure+of+Ethnic+Conflict+in+the+Frontier%3A+Through+the+Debates+around+the+%27Jindandao+Incident%27+in+1891&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=41-60&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F146481704793647171&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23615320%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Borjigin&rft.aufirst=Burensain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a> Atwood, Christopher. The Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, p. 454.</li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> Atwood, Christopher. The Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, p. 91,</li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> Belov, E. A. Anti-Chinese rebellion led by Babujav in Inner Mongolia, 1915–1916. – Annaly (Moscow), no. 2, 1996.</li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">^</a> Belov, E. A. Rossiya i Mongoliya (1911–1919). Moscow: Vost. Lit. Publ.</li> <li id="cite_note-Lin-28">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lin_28-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lin_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLin2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lin_Hsiao-ting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin Hsiao-ting">Lin, Hsiao-ting</a> (13 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DN8YtCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA65">"4 War and new frontier designs"</a>. Modern China's Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West. Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia. Routledge. pp. 65–66. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-92393-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-92393-7"><bdi>978-1-136-92393-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4+War+and+new+frontier+designs&rft.btitle=Modern+China%27s+Ethnic+Frontiers%3A+A+Journey+to+the+West&rft.series=Routledge+Studies+in+the+Modern+History+of+Asia&rft.pages=65-66&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft.isbn=978-1-136-92393-7&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Hsiao-ting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN8YtCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLin2010" class="citation book cs1">Lin, Hsiao-ting (13 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DDBPJBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT136">"4 War and new frontier designs"</a>. Modern China's Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West. Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia. Routledge. pp. 136–. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-92392-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-92392-0"><bdi>978-1-136-92392-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4+War+and+new+frontier+designs&rft.btitle=Modern+China%27s+Ethnic+Frontiers%3A+A+Journey+to+the+West&rft.series=Routledge+Studies+in+the+Modern+History+of+Asia&rft.pages=136-&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft.isbn=978-1-136-92392-0&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Hsiao-ting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDBPJBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Lin2-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lin2_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLin2010" class="citation book cs1">Lin, Hsiao-ting (13 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DDBPJBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT137">"4 War and new frontier designs"</a>. Modern China's Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West. Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia. Routledge. p. 137. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-92392-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-92392-0"><bdi>978-1-136-92392-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110001138/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DDBPJBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT137">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4+War+and+new+frontier+designs&rft.btitle=Modern+China%27s+Ethnic+Frontiers%3A+A+Journey+to+the+West&rft.series=Routledge+Studies+in+the+Modern+History+of+Asia&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft.isbn=978-1-136-92392-0&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Hsiao-ting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDBPJBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a> David Sneath, "The Impact of the Cultural Revolution in China on the Mongolians of Inner Mongolia", in Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 28, No. 2 (May 1994), pp. 409–430.</li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDikötter2016" class="citation book cs1">Dikötter, Frank (2016). The Cultural Revolution: A People's History, 1962–1976 (1st U.S. ed.). New York: Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 191. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-63286-422-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-63286-422-2"><bdi>978-1-63286-422-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cultural+Revolution%3A+A+People%27s+History%2C+1962%E2%80%931976&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=191&rft.edition=1st+U.S.&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-63286-422-2&rft.aulast=Dik%C3%B6tter&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Zhan-2022-33">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Zhan-2022_33-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Zhan-2022_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhan2022" class="citation book cs1">Zhan, Jing Vivian (2022). China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations. Cambridge, United Kingdom: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-009-04898-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-009-04898-9"><bdi>978-1-009-04898-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Contained+Resource+Curse%3A+How+Minerals+Shape+State-Capital-Labor+Relations&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-009-04898-9&rft.aulast=Zhan&rft.aufirst=Jing+Vivian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhang2012" class="citation web cs1">Zhang, Chi Chi (19 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/04/19/world/asia/china-mongolians-culture/">"Ethnic Mongolians in China concerned about cultural threat"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CNN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092316/http://edition.cnn.com/2012/04/19/world/asia/china-mongolians-culture/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Mongolians+in+China+concerned+about+cultural+threat&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Chi+Chi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2012%2F04%2F19%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fchina-mongolians-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://content.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1975397,00.html">"Ordos, China: A Modern Ghost Town"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Time_(magazine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324164032/http://content.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1975397,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2015. 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624074430/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17390729">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ordos%3A+The+biggest+ghost+town+in+China&rft.date=2012-03-17&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-17390729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2012/04/18/atsr-china-inner-mongolian-culture-clash.cnn">"Inner Mongolians culture clash"</a>. CNN. 18 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402185604/http://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2012/04/18/atsr-china-inner-mongolian-culture-clash.cnn">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Inner+Mongolians+culture+clash&rft.date=2012-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Fvideos%2Fworld%2F2012%2F04%2F18%2Fatsr-china-inner-mongolian-culture-clash.cnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402191136/http://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/launches-09052013110502.html">"China Launches 'Strike Hard' Anti-Rumor Campaign in Inner Mongolia"</a>. Radio Free Asia. 5 September 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/launches-09052013110502.html">the original</a> on 2 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Asia&rft.atitle=China+Launches+%27Strike+Hard%27+Anti-Rumor+Campaign+in+Inner+Mongolia&rft.date=2013-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfa.org%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Flaunches-09052013110502.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerry_Shih2020" class="citation news cs1">Gerry Shih (31 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/chinese-authorities-face-widespread-anger-in-inner-mongolia-after-requiring-mandarin-language-classes/2020/08/31/3ba5a938-eb5b-11ea-bd08-1b10132b458f_story.html">"Chinese authorities face widespread anger in Inner Mongolia after requiring Mandarin-language classes"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Washington_Post?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. 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Luisetta Mudie (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/schools-08312020093412.html">"Mass Protests Erupt as China Moves to End Mongolian-Medium Teaching in Schools"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio_Free_Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radio Free Asia">Radio Free Asia</a>. Translated by Luisetta Mudie. 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Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11: 1633–1644.</li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.chinadailyhk.com/hk/article/252552%23Community-threads-together-2021-12-20">"Community threads together"</a>. chinadailyhk. 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Beijing: <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259B%25BD%25E7%25BB%259F%25E8%25AE%25A1%25E5%2587%25BA%25E7%2589%2588%25E7%25A4%25BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6660-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6660-2"><bdi>978-7-5037-6660-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2010%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E4%B9%A1%E3%80%81%E9%95%87%E3%80%81%E8%A1%97%E9%81%93%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2&rft.au=Census+Office+of+the+State+Council+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.au=Population+and+Employment+Statistics+Division+of+the+National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Civil_Affairs2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Affairs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministry of Civil Affairs">Ministry of Civil Affairs</a> (August 2014). <bdi lang="zh">《中国民政统计年鉴2014》</bdi> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259B%25BD%25E7%25BB%259F%25E8%25AE%25A1%25E5%2587%25BA%25E7%2589%2588%25E7%25A4%25BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-7130-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-7130-9"><bdi>978-7-5037-7130-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42014%E3%80%8B&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2014-08&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-7130-9&rft.au=Ministry+of+Civil+Affairs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2018/indexch.htm">"中国统计年鉴—2018"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B4%E2%80%942018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjsj%2Fndsj%2F2018%2Findexch.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-2020PRCcensus-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2020PRCcensus_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编2022" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2022). <bdi lang="zh">中国2020年人口普查分县资料</bdi>. Beijing: <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259B%25BD%25E7%25BB%259F%25E8%25AE%25A1%25E5%2587%25BA%25E7%2589%2588%25E7%25A4%25BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-9772-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-9772-9"><bdi>978-7-5037-9772-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2020%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-9772-9&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%E7%BC%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-2010PRCcensus-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2012). <bdi lang="zh">中国2010年人口普查分县资料</bdi>. Beijing: <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259B%25BD%25E7%25BB%259F%25E8%25AE%25A1%25E5%2587%25BA%25E7%2589%2588%25E7%25A4%25BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6"><bdi>978-7-5037-6659-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2010%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%E7%BC%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Housing_and_Urban-Rural_Development_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China(MOHURD)2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban-Rural_Development?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development">Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development</a> of the People's Republic of China(MOHURD) (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810115223/http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls">中国城市建设统计年鉴2018</a> [China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018] (in Chinese). Beijing: China Statistic Publishing House. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls">the original</a> on 10 August 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42018&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistic+Publishing+House&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Ministry+of+Housing+and+Urban-Rural+Development+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China%28MOHURD%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mohurd.gov.cn%2Fxytj%2Ftjzljsxytjgb%2Fjstjnj%2Fw02020032722244243052500000.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019225622/http://sip-trunking.tmcnet.com/news/2007/09/17/2944164.htm">"PetroChina Xifeng Oilfield Reserves Hits 568mn Tons"</a>. tmcnet.com. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://sip-trunking.tmcnet.com/news/2007/09/17/2944164.htm">the original</a> on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PetroChina+Xifeng+Oilfield+Reserves+Hits+568mn+Tons&rft.pub=tmcnet.com&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsip-trunking.tmcnet.com%2Fnews%2F2007%2F09%2F17%2F2944164.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-thechinaperspective.com-57">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-thechinaperspective.com_57-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-thechinaperspective.com_57-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926072632/http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/inner-mongolia-autonomous-region/">"China Economy @ China Perspective"</a>. thechinaperspective.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/inner-mongolia-autonomous-region/">the original</a> on 26 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thechinaperspective.com&rft.atitle=China+Economy+%40+China+Perspective&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thechinaperspective.com%2Ftopics%2Fprovince%2Finner-mongolia-autonomous-region%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://english.people.com.cn/200512/27/eng20051227_231175.html">"People's Daily Online – Inner Mongolia to double annual coal output by 2010"</a>. people.com.cn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627095229/http://english.people.com.cn/200512/27/eng20051227_231175.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2006. 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Retrieved 12 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Data&rft.pub=neimenggu.gov.cn&rft.date=2024-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmg.gov.cn%2Ftjsj%2Fsjfb%2Ftjsj%2Ftjgb%2F202403%2Ft20240321_2483646.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristensen" class="citation web cs1">Kristensen, Hans. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fas.org/blogs/security/2021/02/plarf-jilantai-expansion/">"China's Expanding Missile Training Area: More Silos, Tunnels, and Support Facilities"</a>. The Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved 25 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft.atitle=China%27s+Expanding+Missile+Training+Area%3A+More+Silos%2C+Tunnels%2C+and+Support+Facilities&rft.aulast=Kristensen&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fblogs%2Fsecurity%2F2021%2F02%2Fplarf-jilantai-expansion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.rev.cn/en/abo.htm">Baotou National Rare-Earth Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016091736/http://www.rev.cn/en/abo.htm">Archived</a> 16 October 2015 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921074013/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/Hohhot-export-processing-zone/">RightSite.asia | Hohhot Export Processing Zone</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-census1954-63"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-census1954_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805174810/http://www.stats.gov.cn/TJGB/RKPCGB/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm">the original</a> on 5 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16767.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-census1964-64"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-census1964_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914173158/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm"><bdi lang="zh">第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字</bdi></a> [Some major statistics on the results of the second national census] (in Chinese). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm">the original</a> on 14 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%87%A0%E9%A1%B9%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16768.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-census1982-65"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-census1982_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510075429/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报</bdi></a> [The Bulletin of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China on the Major Figures of the 1982 Population Census] (in Chinese). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm">the original</a> on 10 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16769.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-census1990-66"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-census1990_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619002216/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm">the original</a> on 19 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%87%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16772.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-census2000-67"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-census2000_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829052024/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm"><bdi lang="zh">现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm">the original</a> on 29 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%8E%B0%E5%B0%862000%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E6%B1%87%E6%80%BB%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020331_15435.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-census2010-68"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-census2010_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727021210/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm">"Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census"</a> (in Chinese). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm">the original</a> on 27 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+People%27s+Republic+of+China+on+Major+Figures+of+the+2010+Population+Census&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2Fnewsandcomingevents%2Ft20110429_402722516.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.reuters.com/article/china-society-census-takeaways-idUSL4N2MY2I6">"FACTBOX-Key takeaways from China's 2020 population census"</a>. Reuters. 11 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=FACTBOX-Key+takeaways+from+China%27s+2020+population+census&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fchina-society-census-takeaways-idUSL4N2MY2I6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Myron_Weiner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Myron Weiner">Myron Weiner</a>, Sharon Stanton Russell(2001). Demography and national security. page 276, table 9.4.</li> <li id="cite_note-rut1999-71"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-rut1999_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Mongolia in the Twentieth Century. New York City: Rutledge. 1999. p. 213.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mongolia+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=Rutledge&rft.date=1999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-socio-72"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-socio_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeEade2015" class="citation news cs1">He, Shenghai; Eade, John (May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/55f62d8c9a871.pdf">"Unequal Marriage Exchange Between Majority and Minority Groups: A Case Study From Inner Mongolia, China"</a> (PDF). Sociology Study. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729171043/http://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/55f62d8c9a871.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociology+Study&rft.atitle=Unequal+Marriage+Exchange+Between+Majority+and+Minority+Groups%3A+A+Case+Study+From+Inner+Mongolia%2C+China&rft.date=2015-05&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Shenghai&rft.au=Eade%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.davidpublisher.com%2FPublic%2Fuploads%2FContribute%2F55f62d8c9a871.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"> <bdi lang="zh">《2010年人口普查中国民族人口资料》</bdi> [Tabulation on Nationalities of 2010 Population Census of China]. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House (民族出版社). 2003. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-105-05425-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-105-05425-1"><bdi>978-7-105-05425-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A2010%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%E3%80%8B&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=Nationalities+Publishing+House+%28%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%29&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-7-105-05425-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Compilation-74">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Compilation_74-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Compilation_74-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Compilation_74-2">c</a> (without <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rehe_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rehe Province">Rehe</a>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"> <bdi lang="zh">《中华人民共和国人口统计资料汇编1949—1985》</bdi> [People's Republic of demographic data compilation 1949–1985]. China Financial and Economic Publishing House (中国财政经济出版社). 1988. p. 924.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%961949%E2%80%941985%E3%80%8B&rft.pages=924&rft.pub=China+Financial+and+Economic+Publishing+House+%28%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%B4%A2%E6%94%BF%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%29&rft.date=1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727021401/http://www.nmgtj.gov.cn/Html/rkpc/2009-7/0/781.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">1990年第四次人口普查</bdi></a> [4th National Census]. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Bureau of Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nmgtj.gov.cn/Html/rkpc/2009-7/0/781.shtml">the original</a> on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1990%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5&rft.pub=Inner+Mongolia+Autonomous+Region+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmgtj.gov.cn%2FHtml%2Frkpc%2F2009-7%2F0%2F781.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988">.</li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Bureau_of_Population_and_Social_Science_and_Technology_Statistics_Division_of_China_(国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text)Department_of_Economic_Development_of_the_State_Ethnic_Affairs_Commission_of_China_(国家民族事务委员会经济发展司Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text)2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">National Bureau of Population and Social Science and Technology Statistics Division of China (国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司); Department of Economic Development of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China (国家民族事务委员会经济发展司) (2003). <bdi lang="zh">《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》</bdi> (in Chinese (China)). Beijing: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Publishing_House_of_Minority_Nationalities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Publishing House of Minority Nationalities">Publishing House of Minority Nationalities</a>. pp. 4–8. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-105-05425-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-105-05425-1"><bdi>978-7-105-05425-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A2000%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%E3%80%8B&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pages=4-8&rft.pub=Publishing+House+of+Minority+Nationalities&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-7-105-05425-1&rft.au=National+Bureau+of+Population+and+Social+Science+and+Technology+Statistics+Division+of+China+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%29&rft.au=Department+of+Economic+Development+of+the+State+Ethnic+Affairs+Commission+of+China+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B8%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712223019/http://www.nmgtj.gov.cn/Html/gzdt/2011-5/23/1152309433324071.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">内蒙古自治区发布2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报</bdi></a>. 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Routledge. pp. 56, 64–67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3&rft.btitle=China%27s+Minorities+on+the+Move%3A+Selected+Case+Studies&rft.pages=56%2C+64-67&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003-08-02&rft.aulast=Iredale&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanhunen2012" class="citation book cs1">Janhunen, Juha (29 November 2012). "1". Mongolian. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1&rft.btitle=Mongolian&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2012-11-29&rft.aulast=Janhunen&rft.aufirst=Juha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIredaleBilikFei2003" class="citation book cs1">Iredale, Robyn; Bilik, Naran; Fei, Guo (2 August 2003). "3". China's Minorities on the Move: Selected Case Studies. p. 61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3&rft.btitle=China%27s+Minorities+on+the+Move%3A+Selected+Case+Studies&rft.pages=61&rft.date=2003-08-02&rft.aulast=Iredale&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft.au=Bilik%2C+Naran&rft.au=Fei%2C+Guo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">^</a> e.g. Sečenbaγatur, Qasgerel, Tuyaγ-a, B. ǰirannige, U Ying ǰe. 2005. Mongγul kelen-ü nutuγ-un ayalγun-u sinǰilel-ün uduridqal. Kökeqota: ÖMAKQ.</li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">^</a> e.g. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juha_Janhunen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juha Janhunen">Janhunen, Juha</a>. 2006. Mongolic languages. In: Brown, K. (ed.): The encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Amsterdam: Elsevier: 231–234.</li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">^</a> Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 85.</li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">^</a> Janhunen, Juha. 1997. The languages of Manchuria in today's China. In: Northern Minority languages: Problems of survival. Senri ethnological studies, 44: 123–146. See pages 130–133.</li> <li id="cite_note-Yang-Lang-92"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Yang-Lang_92-0">^</a> Fenggang Yang, Graeme Lang. Social Scientific Studies of Religion in China. BRILL, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-18246-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-18246-2">90-04-18246-2</a>. pp. 184–185, reporting the results of surveys held in 2004 by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minzu_University_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minzu University of China">Minzu University of China</a>. Quote from page 185: «[...] the registered adherents of the five official religions comprise only 3.7% of those [populations] in Inner Mongolia. When we compare this final statistic with Minzu University research team's finding that 80% of the inhabitants of Inner Mongolia worship Tian (loosely translated "Heaven") and aobao (traditional stone structures that serve as altars for sacrifice), it is evident that the official calculations of registered religious believers are markedly low, and the policy decisions based on these numbers lack the necessary grounding in reality. [...] Foreign religions can be transformed into indigenous ethnic religions, and the traditional folk religions of China's ethnic minorities can integrate and neutralize non-native religions. Thus, China's ethnic religions should not be regarded as social burdens or challenges, but rather as valuable cultural assets.»</li> <li id="cite_note-Wu-Fang2016-93"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wu-Fang2016_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWuFang2016" class="citation journal cs1">Wu, Jiayu; Fang, Yong (January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.3130%252Fjaabe.15.9">"Study on the Protection of the Lama Temple Heritage in Inner Mongolia as a Cultural Landscape"</a>. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. 15 (1): 9–16. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.3130%252Fjaabe.15.9">10.3130/jaabe.15.9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Asian+Architecture+and+Building+Engineering&rft.atitle=Study+on+the+Protection+of+the+Lama+Temple+Heritage+in+Inner+Mongolia+as+a+Cultural+Landscape&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=9-16&rft.date=2016-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3130%2Fjaabe.15.9&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Jiayu&rft.au=Fang%2C+Yong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3130%252Fjaabe.15.9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"> Note that the article, in an evident mistranslation from Chinese, reports 30 million Tibetan Buddhists in Inner Mongolia instead of 3 million. Note that the article, in an evident mistranslation from Chinese, reports 30 million Tibetan Buddhists in Inner Mongolia instead of 3 million.</li> <li id="cite_note-Wang2015-94"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wang2015_94-0">^</a> Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007, China General Social Survey (CGSS) 2009. Results reported by: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence%3D1">Xiuhua Wang (2015, p. 15)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123928/https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence%3D1">Archived</a> 25 September 2015 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li id="cite_note-2010-Islam-95"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2010-Islam_95-0">^</a> Min Junqing. The Present Situation and Characteristics of Contemporary Islam in China. JISMOR, 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/duar/repository/ir/18185/r002000080004.pdf">2010 Islam by province, page 29</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427140204/https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/duar/repository/ir/18185/r002000080004.pdf">Archived</a> 27 April 2017 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Data from: Yang Zongde, Study on Current Muslim Population in China, Jinan Muslim, 2, 2010.</li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-96">^</a> John Man. Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection. Bantam Press, London, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-81498-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-81498-9">978-0-553-81498-9</a>. pp. 402–404.</li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-97">^</a> John Man. Genghis Khan. Bantam, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-81498-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-81498-2">0-553-81498-2</a>. p. 23.</li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"> <bdi lang="zh">内蒙古广泛使用和发展蒙古语文</bdi> [Inner Mongolia widely uses and develops the Mongolian language and script]. People's Daily. 7 January 1979. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B9%BF%E6%B3%9B%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1979-01-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQin2020" class="citation news cs1">Qin, Amy (31 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919031621/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/31/world/asia/china-protest-mongolian-language-schools.html">"Curbs on Mongolian Language Teaching Prompt Large Protests in China"</a>. The New York Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/31/world/asia/china-protest-mongolian-language-schools.html">the original</a> on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Curbs+on+Mongolian+Language+Teaching+Prompt+Large+Protests+in+China&rft.date=2020-08-31&rft.aulast=Qin&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F08%2F31%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fchina-protest-mongolian-language-schools.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <ul> <li>Wang, Liping. "From Masterly Brokers to Compliant Protégées: The Frontier Governance System and the Rise of Ethnic Confrontation in China–Inner Mongolia, 1900–1930." American Journal of Sociology 120.6 (2015): 1641–1689.</li> <li>Williams, Dee Mack. Beyond great walls: environment, identity, and development on the Chinese grasslands of Inner Mongolia (Stanford University Press, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://faculty.washington.edu/stevehar/Williams4.pdf">Online</a></li> <li>Borjigin, Monkbat. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://mitizane.ll.chiba-u.jp/metadb/up/AA11256001/21857148_16_17.pdf">A case study of Language education in the Inner Mongolia </a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016091736/http://mitizane.ll.chiba-u.jp/metadb/up/AA11256001/21857148_16_17.pdf">Archive</a>; Japanese title: 内モンゴル自治区における言語教育について). Journal of Chiba University Eurasian Society (千葉大学ユーラシア言語文化論集) 16, 261–266, 2014-09-25. Chiba University Eurasian Society (千葉大学ユーラシア言語文化論講座). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016091736/http://mitizane.ll.chiba-u.jp/meta-bin/mt-pdetail.cgi?cd%3D00117993">See profile at</a> Chiba University Repository. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016091736/http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/120005476923">See profile at</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CiNii?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>. – In English with a Japanese abstract.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYin-tʻang_Chang1933" class="citation book cs1">Yin-tʻang Chang (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DzlklAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dchahars%2B1919">The Economic Development and Prospects of Inner Mongolia (Chahar, Suiyuan, and Ningsia)</a>. Commercial Press, Limited. p. 117.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Economic+Development+and+Prospects+of+Inner+Mongolia+%28Chahar%2C+Suiyuan%2C+and+Ningsia%29&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Commercial+Press%2C+Limited&rft.date=1933&rft.au=Yin-t%CA%BBang+Chang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzlklAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dchahars%2B1919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(18)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-18 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-18"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Inner_Mongolia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>. </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li>(in Chinese) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nmg.gov.cn/">Inner Mongolia Government website</a></li> <li>(in Mongolian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://mgl.nmg.gov.cn/U_index.html">Inner Mongolia Government website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.samarmagictours.com/">Welcome to Inner Mongolia-Mongolia Tours with Samar Magic Tours</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Inner_Mongolia%23Q41079" class="extiw" title="voy:Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DInner_Mongolia%26oldid%3D1257914661">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&oldid=1257914661</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 17 November 2024, at 06:30 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_Dalam" title="Mongolia Dalam – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Mongolia Dalam" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binne-Mongoli%25C3%25AB" title="Binne-Mongolië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Binne-Mongolië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25BA%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="منغوليا الداخلية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منغوليا الداخلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_Interior" title="Mongolia Interior – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mongolia Interior" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daxili_Monqolustan_Muxtar_Rayonu" title="Daxili Monqolustan Muxtar Rayonu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Daxili Monqolustan Muxtar Rayonu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C_%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25BA%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="داخیلی موغولیستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="داخیلی موغولیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2585%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A7%2580%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC_%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%2599%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A7%258B%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="অন্তর্দেশীয় মঙ্গোলিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অন্তর্দেশীয় মঙ্গোলিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C4%2581i_B%25C3%25B4ng-k%25C3%25B3%25CD%2598_Ch%25C5%25AB-t%25C4%25AB-khu" title="Lāi Bông-kó͘ Chū-tī-khu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lāi Bông-kó͘ Chū-tī-khu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25BD%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Унутраная Манголія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Унутраная Манголія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25BD%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Унутраная Манголія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Унутраная Манголія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D1%258A%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2588%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Вътрешна Монголия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вътрешна Монголия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innare_Mongolei" title="Innare Mongolei – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Innare Mongolei" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BE%2590%25E0%25BE%25B1%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A3%25E0%25BE%2597%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ནང་སོག་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ནང་སོག་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unutra%25C5%25A1nja_Mongolija" title="Unutrašnja Mongolija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Unutrašnja Mongolija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_an_Diabarzh" title="Mongolia an Diabarzh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mongolia an Diabarzh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%25AE%25D0%25B1%25D1%258D%25D1%2580_%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB" title="Үбэр Монгол – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үбэр Монгол" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mong%25C3%25B2lia_Interior" title="Mongòlia Interior – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mongòlia Interior" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_Mongolia_Autonomous_Region" title="Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vnit%25C5%2599n%25C3%25AD_Mongolsko" title="Vnitřní Mongolsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vnitřní Mongolsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_Fewnol" title="Mongolia Fewnol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mongolia Fewnol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indre_Mongoliet" title="Indre Mongoliet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indre Mongoliet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innere_Mongolei" title="Innere Mongolei – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Innere Mongolei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sise-Mongoolia" title="Sise-Mongoolia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sise-Mongoolia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2595%25CF%2583%25CF%2589%25CF%2584%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE_%25CE%259C%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BB%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Εσωτερική Μογγολία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εσωτερική Μογγολία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_Interior" title="Mongolia Interior – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mongolia Interior" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interna_Mongolio" title="Interna Mongolio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Interna Mongolio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barne_Mongolia" title="Barne Mongolia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Barne Mongolia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25BA%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D9%2584%25DB%258C" title="مغولستان داخلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مغولستان داخلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innara-Mongolia" title="Innara-Mongolia – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Innara-Mongolia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolie-Int%25C3%25A9rieure" title="Mongolie-Intérieure – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mongolie-Intérieure" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ion-Mhong%25C3%25B3il" title="An Ion-Mhongóil – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ion-Mhongóil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vongoil_Sthie" title="Yn Vongoil Sthie – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vongoil Sthie" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_Interior" title="Mongolia Interior – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mongolia Interior" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2585%25A7%25E8%2592%2599%25E5%258F%25A4" title="內蒙古 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="內蒙古" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nui_M%25C3%25B9ng-k%25C3%25BA" title="Nui Mùng-kú – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nui Mùng-kú" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%2582%25B4%25EB%25AA%25BD%25EA%25B3%25A8_%25EC%259E%2590%25EC%25B9%2598%25EA%25B5%25AC" title="내몽골 자치구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="내몽골 자치구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="भीतरी मंगोलिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भीतरी मंगोलिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unutarnja_Mongolija" title="Unutarnja Mongolija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Unutarnja Mongolija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiono_autonoma_Nei_Menggu" title="Regiono autonoma Nei Menggu – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Regiono autonoma Nei Menggu" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_Dalam" title="Mongolia Dalam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mongolia Dalam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neimenggu" title="Neimenggu – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Neimenggu" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4%25C3%25A6%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3_%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB" title="Мидæггаг Мангол – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мидæггаг Мангол" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innri-Mong%25C3%25B3l%25C3%25ADa" title="Innri-Mongólía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Innri-Mongólía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_Interna" title="Mongolia Interna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mongolia Interna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%2595%25D7%25A0%25D7%2592%25D7%2595%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2594_%25D7%2594%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%259E%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA" title="מונגוליה הפנימית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מונגוליה הפנימית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A8%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2590_%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25A6%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598" title="შიდა მონღოლეთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შიდა მონღოლეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D1%2588%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596_%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D2%25A3%25D2%2593%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Ішкі Моңғолия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ішкі Моңғолия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_ya_Kichina" title="Mongolia ya Kichina – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mongolia ya Kichina" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nei_Mongol" title="Nei Mongol – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Nei Mongol" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolya_Hundir" title="Mongolya Hundir – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mongolya Hundir" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_Citerior" title="Mongolia Citerior – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mongolia Citerior" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iek%25C5%25A1%25C4%2593j%25C4%2581_Mongolija" title="Iekšējā Mongolija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Iekšējā Mongolija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidin%25C4%2597_Mongolija" title="Vidinė Mongolija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vidinė Mongolija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_Interna" title="Mongol Interna – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mongol Interna" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_Interna" title="Mongolia Interna – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mongolia Interna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bels%25C5%2591-Mong%25C3%25B3lia_Auton%25C3%25B3m_Ter%25C3%25BClet" title="Belső-Mongólia Autonóm Terület – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Belső-Mongólia Autonóm Terület" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2588%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Внатрешна Монголија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Внатрешна Монголија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2587%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B5%25BC_%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B4%2582%25E0%25B4%2597%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%25B3%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AF" title="ഇന്നർ മംഗോളിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്നർ മംഗോളിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2586%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="आंतरिक मंगोलिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आंतरिक मंगोलिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25AE%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25A6%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598" title="დინოხოლენი მონღოლეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დინოხოლენი მონღოლეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25D9%2584%25D9%2587%25E2%2580%258C%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C_%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25BA%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D9%2586" title="دله‌ئی موغولسون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دله‌ئی موغولسون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_Dalam" title="Mongolia Dalam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mongolia Dalam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25C3%25B4%25CC%25A4i_M%25C3%25B9ng-g%25C5%25AB" title="Nô̤i Mùng-gū – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nô̤i Mùng-gū" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D3%25A8%25D0%25B2%25D3%25A9%25D1%2580_%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB" title="Өвөр Монгол – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Өвөр Монгол" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binnen-Mongoli%25C3%25AB" title="Binnen-Mongolië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Binnen-Mongolië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%2599%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="भित्री मङ्गोलिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भित्री मङ्गोलिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2586%2585%25E3%2583%25A2%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25B4%25E3%2583%25AB%25E8%2587%25AA%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E5%258C%25BA" title="内モンゴル自治区 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="内モンゴル自治区" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baner_Mongolei" title="Baner Mongolei – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Baner Mongolei" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indre_Mongolia" title="Indre Mongolia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Indre Mongolia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indre_Mongolia" title="Indre Mongolia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Indre Mongolia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_Interiora" title="Mongolia Interiora – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mongolia Interiora" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichki_Mongoliya" title="Ichki Mongoliya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ichki Mongoliya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2585%25E0%25A9%25B0%25E0%25A8%25A6%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A9%2582%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A9%25B0%25E0%25A8%2597%25E0%25A9%258B%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%2586" title="ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਮੰਗੋਲੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਮੰਗੋਲੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A2%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7_%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="اندرآلا منگولیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اندرآلا منگولیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_Wewn%25C4%2599trzna" title="Mongolia Wewnętrzna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mongolia Wewnętrzna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mong%25C3%25B3lia_Interior" title="Mongólia Interior – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mongólia Interior" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0%25C3%25A7ki_Mo%25C3%25B1%25C4%259Fol_Muhtar_B%25C3%25B6lgesi" title="İçki Moñğol Muhtar Bölgesi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İçki Moñğol Muhtar Bölgesi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_Interioar%25C4%2583" title="Mongolia Interioară – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mongolia Interioară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mungul_suyu_ukhupi" title="Mungul suyu ukhupi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mungul suyu ukhupi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25BD%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F%25D1%258F_%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Внутренняя Монголия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Внутренняя Монголия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_Mongolie" title="Inner Mongolie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Inner Mongolie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Inner Mongolia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B1_%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="انر منگوليا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انر منگوليا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vn%25C3%25BAtorn%25C3%25A9_Mongolsko" title="Vnútorné Mongolsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vnútorné Mongolsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notranja_Mongolija" title="Notranja Mongolija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Notranja Mongolija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25DB%2595%25D9%2588%25DB%2595%25DB%258C_%25D9%2585%25DB%2595%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25DB%2586%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="ناوەوەی مەنگۆلیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناوەوەی مەنگۆلیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25BD%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2588%25D1%259A%25D0%25B0_%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Унутрашња Монголија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Унутрашња Монголија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unutra%25C5%25A1nja_Mongolija" title="Unutrašnja Mongolija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Unutrašnja Mongolija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_Jero" title="Mongolia Jero – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mongolia Jero" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sis%25C3%25A4-Mongolia" title="Sisä-Mongolia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sisä-Mongolia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inre_Mongoliet" title="Inre Mongoliet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Inre Mongoliet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nei_Mongol" title="Nei Mongol – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nei Mongol" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2589%25E0%25AE%25B3%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AE%2599%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258B%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25BE" title="உள் மங்கோலியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உள் மங்கோலியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5_%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Эчке Монголия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эчке Монголия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2582%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B9%2583%25E0%25B8%2599" title="เขตปกครองตนเองมองโกเลียใน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เขตปกครองตนเองมองโกเลียใน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D1%2583%25D2%2593%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D3%25A3" title="Муғулистони дохилӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муғулистони дохилӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0%25C3%25A7_Mo%25C4%259Folistan" title="İç Moğolistan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İç Moğolistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D3%25A8%25D0%25B2%25D2%25AF%25D1%2580_%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB_%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Өвүр Моол оран – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Өвүр Моол оран" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25BD%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D1%2596%25D1%2588%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F_%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Внутрішня Монголія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Внутрішня Монголія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25DB%258C_%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="اندرونی منگولیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اندرونی منگولیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A6%25D9%2589%25DA%2586%25D9%2583%25D9%2589_%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25DA%25AD%25D8%25BA%25DB%2587%25D9%2584_%25D8%25A6%25D8%25A7%25D9%25BE%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D9%2585_%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%2589" title="ئىچكى موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم رايونى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىچكى موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم رايونى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neimungzguj_Swcigih" title="Neimungzguj Swcigih – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Neimungzguj Swcigih" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mong%25C3%25B2lia_Interna" title="Mongòlia Interna – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mongòlia Interna" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25E1%25BB%2599i_M%25C3%25B4ng" title="Nội Mông – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nội Mông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2585%25A7%25E8%2592%2599%25E5%258F%25A4%25E8%2587%25AA%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E5%258D%2580" title="內蒙古自治區 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="內蒙古自治區" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inner Mongolia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2586%2585%25E8%2592%2599%25E5%258F%25A4%25E8%2587%25AA%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E5%258C%25BA" title="内蒙古自治区 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="内蒙古自治区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2585%25A7%25E8%2592%2599%25E5%258F%25A4" title="內蒙古 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="內蒙古" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%25C4%259Fol%25C4%25B1stan%25C3%25AA_Zerreyi" title="Moğolıstanê Zerreyi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Moğolıstanê Zerreyi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2586%2585%25E8%2592%2599%25E5%258F%25A4%25E8%2587%25AA%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E5%258C%25BA" title="内蒙古自治区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="内蒙古自治区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img 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