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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religious_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Religious education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prayer_in_school" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prayer_in_school"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Prayer in school</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prayer_in_school-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teaching_evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaching_evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Teaching evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teaching_evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Display_of_religious_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Display_of_religious_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Display of religious symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Display_of_religious_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_indoctrination_of_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_indoctrination_of_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religious indoctrination of children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_indoctrination_of_children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Child_marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Child_marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Child marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Child_marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Health effects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health_effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Religion_and_children" title="Talk:Religion and children">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Children" class="mw-redirect" title="Children">Children</a> often acquire <a href="/wiki/Religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious">religious</a> views approximating those of their <a href="/wiki/Parent" title="Parent">parents</a>, although they may also be influenced by others they communicate with – such as <a href="/wiki/Peer_group" title="Peer group">peers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teacher" title="Teacher">teachers</a>. Matters relating the subject of <b>children and religion</b> may include <a href="/wiki/Rites_of_passage" class="mw-redirect" title="Rites of passage">rites of passage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Child_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Child psychology">child psychology</a>, as well as discussion of the <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">moral issue</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">religious education</a> of children. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StMarysTotnes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/StMarysTotnes.jpg/300px-StMarysTotnes.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/StMarysTotnes.jpg/450px-StMarysTotnes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/StMarysTotnes.jpg/600px-StMarysTotnes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The Children and Parents area in the Priory Church of St Mary, <a href="/wiki/Totnes" title="Totnes">Totnes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>, UK</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KissosAgiaMarina1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/KissosAgiaMarina1.jpg/300px-KissosAgiaMarina1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/KissosAgiaMarina1.jpg/450px-KissosAgiaMarina1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/KissosAgiaMarina1.jpg/600px-KissosAgiaMarina1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Chairs for children in the Church of Agia Marina in <a href="/wiki/Kissos" title="Kissos">Kissos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pelion" title="Pelion">Pelion</a>, Greece)</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rites_of_passage">Rites of passage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rites of passage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:InfantBaptism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/InfantBaptism.jpg/220px-InfantBaptism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/InfantBaptism.jpg/330px-InfantBaptism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/InfantBaptism.jpg/440px-InfantBaptism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> infant baptism in the United States.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rite_of_passage" title="Rite of passage">Rite of passage</a></div> <p>Most <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a> practice <a href="/wiki/Infant_baptism" title="Infant baptism">infant baptism</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to enter children into the faith. Some form of <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirmation</a> ritual occurs when the child has reached the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_reason_(canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of reason (canon law)">age of reason</a> and voluntarily accepts the religion. </p><p>Ritual <a href="/wiki/Circumcision" title="Circumcision">circumcision</a> is used to mark Jewish and Muslim and <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Coptic Christian</a><sup id="cite_ref-riggs_2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riggs_2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodox Christian</a><sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_encyc_2011_circ_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia_encyc_2011_circ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> infant males as belonging to the faith. Jewish boys and girls then confirm their belonging at a <a href="/wiki/Coming_of_age" title="Coming of age">coming of age</a> ceremony known as the <a href="/wiki/Bar_and_Bat_Mitzvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar and Bat Mitzvah">Bar and Bat Mitzvah</a> respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Muslim_Couple_with_Toddler_at_Masjid_al-Haram,_6_April_2015.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Young_Muslim_Couple_with_Toddler_at_Masjid_al-Haram%2C_6_April_2015.JPG/300px-Young_Muslim_Couple_with_Toddler_at_Masjid_al-Haram%2C_6_April_2015.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Young_Muslim_Couple_with_Toddler_at_Masjid_al-Haram%2C_6_April_2015.JPG/450px-Young_Muslim_Couple_with_Toddler_at_Masjid_al-Haram%2C_6_April_2015.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Young_Muslim_Couple_with_Toddler_at_Masjid_al-Haram%2C_6_April_2015.JPG/600px-Young_Muslim_Couple_with_Toddler_at_Masjid_al-Haram%2C_6_April_2015.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4720" data-file-height="3147" /></a><figcaption>A young <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> couple and their toddler at <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Masjid al-Haram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makkah" class="mw-redirect" title="Makkah">Makkah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_education">Religious education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religious education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">parochial school</a> (US) or <a href="/wiki/Faith_school" title="Faith school">faith school</a> (UK), is a type of school which engages in <a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">religious education</a> in addition to conventional education. Parochial schools may be primary or secondary and may have state funding but varying amounts of control by a religious organization. In addition, there are <a href="/wiki/Religious_school" title="Religious school">religious schools</a> which only teach the religion and subsidiary subjects (such as the language of the holy books), typically run on a part-time basis separate from normal schooling. Examples are the Christian <a href="/wiki/Sunday_school" title="Sunday school">Sunday schools</a> and the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_school" title="Hebrew school">Hebrew schools</a>. Islamic religious schools are known in English by the Arabic <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanword</a> <a href="/wiki/Madrasah" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrasah">Madrasah</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prayer_in_school">Prayer in school</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prayer in school"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/School_prayer" title="School prayer">School prayer</a></div> <p>Religion may have an influence on what goes on in state schools. For example, in the UK the <a href="/wiki/Education_Act_1944" title="Education Act 1944">Education Act 1944</a> introduced the requirement for daily prayers in all state-funded schools, but later acts changed this requirement to a daily "collective act of worship", the <a href="/wiki/School_Standards_and_Framework_Act_1998" title="School Standards and Framework Act 1998">School Standards and Framework Act 1998</a> being the most recent. This also requires such acts of worship to be "wholly or mainly of a broadly Christian character".<sup id="cite_ref-CollectiveGuide_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CollectiveGuide-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "mainly" means that acts related to other faiths can be carried out providing the majority are Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-CatholicEducation_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CatholicEducation-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teaching_evolution">Teaching evolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Teaching evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Creation_and_evolution_in_public_education" title="Creation and evolution in public education">Creation and evolution in public education</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Creation%E2%80%93evolution_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Creation–evolution controversy">creation–evolution controversy</a>, especially the status of <a href="/wiki/Creation_and_evolution_in_public_education" title="Creation and evolution in public education">creation and evolution in public education</a>, is a debate over teaching children the <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_life" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin of life">origin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a> of life, mostly in conservative regions of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. However, <a href="/wiki/Theistic_Evolution#Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Theistic Evolution">evolution is accepted by the Catholic Church</a> and is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catholic Catechism</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Display_of_religious_symbols">Display of religious symbols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Display of religious symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFcit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Laïcité">Laïcité</a></div> <p>In France, children are <a href="/wiki/French_law_on_secularity_and_conspicuous_religious_symbols_in_schools" title="French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools">forbidden from wearing conspicuous religious symbols in public schools</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_indoctrination_of_children">Religious indoctrination of children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Religious indoctrination of children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Indoctrination" title="Indoctrination">Indoctrination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_religion#children" title="Criticism of religion">Criticism of religion § children</a>, <a href="/wiki/Child_evangelism_movement#Criticism" title="Child evangelism movement">Child evangelism movement § Criticism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABky%C5%8D_nisei" title="Shūkyō nisei">Shūkyō nisei</a></div> <p>Many legal experts have argued that the government should create laws in the interests of the welfare of children, irrespective of the religion of their parents.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Humphrey" title="Nicholas Humphrey">Nicholas Humphrey</a> has argued that children "have a human right not to have their minds crippled by exposure to other people's bad ideas," and should have the ability to question the religious views of their parents.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In "Parents' religion and children's welfare: debunking the doctrine of parents' rights", philosopher <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a> spoke of the subject in the 19th century: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"And as the capacity for believing is strongest in childhood, special care is taken to make sure of this tender age. This has much more to do with the doctrines of belief taking root than threats and reports of miracles. If, in early childhood, certain fundamental views and doctrines are paraded with unusual solemnity, and an air of the greatest earnestness never before visible in anything else; if, at the same time, the possibility of a doubt about them be completely passed over, or touched upon only to indicate that doubt is the first step to eternal perdition, the resulting impression will be so deep that, as a rule, that is, in almost every case, doubt about them will be almost as impossible as doubt about one's own existence."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Arthur Schopenhauer, <i>On Religion: A Dialogue</i></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Several authors have been critical of religious <a href="/wiki/Indoctrination" title="Indoctrination">indoctrination</a> of children, such as <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Humphrey" title="Nicholas Humphrey">Nicholas Humphrey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dennett" title="Daniel Dennett">Daniel Dennett</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dawkins_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawkins-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hitchens" title="Christopher Hitchens">Christopher Hitchens</a> and Dawkins use the term <a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">child abuse</a> to describe the harm that some religious upbringings inflict on children.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_Dawkins_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard_Dawkins-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/A._C._Grayling" title="A. C. Grayling">A. C. Grayling</a> has argued "we are all born atheists... and it takes a certain amount of work on the part of the adults in our community to persuade [children] differently."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dawkins states that he is angered by the labels "Muslim child" or "Catholic child". He asks how a young child can be considered intellectually mature enough to have such independent views on the cosmos and humanity's place within it. By contrast, Dawkins states, no reasonable person would speak of a "<a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> child"<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a "<a href="/wiki/Tory" title="Tory">Tory</a> child."<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_Dawkins_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard_Dawkins-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He suggests there is little controversy over such <a href="/wiki/Labelling" title="Labelling">labeling</a> because of the "weirdly privileged status of religion". On several occasions, Dawkins made the claim that <a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">sexually abusing a child</a> is "arguably less" damaging than "the long term psychological damage inflicted by bringing up a child Catholic in the first place".<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_Dawkins_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard_Dawkins-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Child_marriage">Child marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Child marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Recentism plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Recentism" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ambox_clock_yellow.svg/40px-Ambox_clock_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ambox_clock_yellow.svg/60px-Ambox_clock_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ambox_clock_yellow.svg/80px-Ambox_clock_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>appears to be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Recentism" title="Wikipedia:Recentism">slanted towards recent events</a>.</b> In particular, Before 1929 English law allowed girls as young as 12 to be married..<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit">add more content</a> related to non-recent events.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Child_marriage" title="Child marriage">Child marriage</a></div> <p>Some<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (February 2019)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> scholars of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-seyaj.org_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seyaj.org-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have permitted the <a href="/wiki/Child_marriage" title="Child marriage">child marriage</a> of older men to girls as young as 10 years of age if they have entered puberty. The Seyaj Organization for the Protection of Children describes cases of a 10-year-old girl being married and raped in Yemen (<a href="/wiki/Nujood_Ali" title="Nujood Ali">Nujood Ali</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Daragahi2008_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daragahi2008-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a 13-year-old Yemeni girl dying of internal bleeding three days after marriage,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a 12-year-old girl dying in childbirth after marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-seyaj.org_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seyaj.org-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Christ_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)">Latter Day Saint church</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_wives_of_Joseph_Smith,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="List of the wives of Joseph Smith, Jr.">married girls</a> as young as 13 and 14,<sup id="cite_ref-Compton_1997_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Compton_1997-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other Latter Day Saints married girls as young as 10.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> eliminated underaged marriages in the 19th century, but several <a href="/wiki/Mormon_fundamentalism" title="Mormon fundamentalism">fundamentalist branches of Mormonism</a> continue the practice.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_effects">Health effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Health effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_care">Medical care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Medical care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Francis_Borgia_Helping_a_Dying_Impenitent_by_Goya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/St._Francis_Borgia_Helping_a_Dying_Impenitent_by_Goya.jpg/200px-St._Francis_Borgia_Helping_a_Dying_Impenitent_by_Goya.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/St._Francis_Borgia_Helping_a_Dying_Impenitent_by_Goya.jpg/300px-St._Francis_Borgia_Helping_a_Dying_Impenitent_by_Goya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/St._Francis_Borgia_Helping_a_Dying_Impenitent_by_Goya.jpg/400px-St._Francis_Borgia_Helping_a_Dying_Impenitent_by_Goya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="721" data-file-height="1016" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Borgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Francis Borgia">Saint Francis Borgia</a> performing an <a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">exorcism</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Goya</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">Exorcism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faith_healing" title="Faith healing">Faith healing</a></div> <p>Some religions treat illness, both mental and physical, in a manner that does not heal, and in some cases exacerbates the problem. Specific examples include <a href="/wiki/Faith_healing" title="Faith healing">faith healing</a> of certain Christian sects, denominations which eschew medical care including vaccinations or <a href="/wiki/Blood_transfusion" title="Blood transfusion">blood transfusions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Exorcisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Exorcisms">exorcisms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Faith based practices for healing purposes have come into direct conflict with both the medical profession and the law when victims of these practices are harmed, or in the most extreme cases, killed by these "cures."<sup id="cite_ref-cures_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cures-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A detailed study in 1998 found 140 instances of deaths of children due to religion-based <a href="/wiki/Medical_neglect" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical neglect">medical neglect</a>. Most of these cases involved religious parents relying on prayer to cure the child's disease, and withholding medical care.<sup id="cite_ref-pediatrics_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pediatrics-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses_and_blood_transfusions" title="Jehovah's Witnesses and blood transfusions">object to blood transfusion</a> primarily on religious grounds, they believe that blood is sacred and God said "abstain from blood" (Acts 15:28–29). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion_as_a_by-product_of_children's_attributes"><span id="Religion_as_a_by-product_of_children.27s_attributes"></span>Religion as a by-product of children's attributes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Religion as a by-product of children's attributes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dawkins proposes that religion is a by-product arising from other features of the human species that are adaptive.<sup id="cite_ref-Dawkins_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawkins-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One such feature is the tendency of children to "believe, without question, whatever your grown-ups tell you" (Dawkins, 2006, p. 174). </p><p>Psychologist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bloom_(psychologist)" title="Paul Bloom (psychologist)">Paul Bloom</a> sees religion as a by-product of children's instinctive tendency toward a <a href="/wiki/Dualism_(philosophy_of_mind)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dualism (philosophy of mind)">dualistic</a> view of the world, and a predisposition towards <a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">creationism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dawkins_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawkins-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deborah Kelemen has also written that children are naturally <a href="/wiki/Teleology" title="Teleology">teleologists</a>, assigning a purpose to everything they come across.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Developmental_psychology">Developmental psychology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Developmental psychology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion#Developmental_approaches_to_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology of religion § Developmental approaches to religion</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Psychology_of_religion&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> Many have looked at stage models, like those of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kohlberg" title="Lawrence Kohlberg">Lawrence Kohlberg</a>, to explain how children develop ideas about God and religion in general.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights" title="Children's rights">Children's rights</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daugherty_v._Vanguard" title="Daugherty v. Vanguard">Daugherty v. Vanguard</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Schools_Foundation" title="Emmanuel Schools Foundation">Emmanuel Schools Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_children" title="Islam and children">Islam and children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_boys_(Mormon_fundamentalism)" title="Lost boys (Mormon fundamentalism)">Lost boys (Mormon fundamentalism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preacher%27s_kid" title="Preacher's kid">Preacher's kid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_abortion" title="Religion and abortion">Religion and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_male_circumcision" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious male circumcision">Religious male circumcision</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">However, consider the <a href="/wiki/Jugendweihe" title="Jugendweihe">Jugendweihe</a> ceremonies in eastern Germany</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990819112057/http://adherents.com/adh_branches.html">Major Branches of Religions Ranked by Number of Adherents</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-riggs_2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-riggs_2006_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Riggs2006" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Riggs (2006). "Christianity: Coptic Christianity". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uTMOAQAAMAAJ"><i>Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices: Religions and denominations</i></a>. Thomson Gale. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-6612-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-6612-5"><bdi>978-0-7876-6612-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Christianity%3A+Coptic+Christianity&rft.btitle=Worldmark+Encyclopedia+of+Religious+Practices%3A+Religions+and+denominations&rft.pub=Thomson+Gale&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7876-6612-5&rft.au=Thomas+Riggs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuTMOAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Columbia_encyc_2011_circ-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_encyc_2011_circ_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/circumcision.html">"Circumcision"</a>. <i>Columbia Encyclopedia</i>. Columbia University Press. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Circumcision&rft.btitle=Columbia+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fencyclopedia%2Fscience%2Fcircumcision.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CollectiveGuide-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CollectiveGuide_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/teachingandlearning/subjects/re/worship/">www.teachernet.gov.uk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101104032112/http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/teachingandlearning/subjects/re/worship/">Archived</a> 2010-11-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CatholicEducation-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CatholicEducation_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cesew.org.uk/standard.asp?id=4464">Catholic Education Service</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716190911/http://www.cesew.org.uk/standard.asp?id=4464">Archived</a> 2011-07-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_G._Dwyer1994" class="citation web cs1">James G. Dwyer (December 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cirp.org/library/legal/dwyer2/">"Parents' Religion and Children's Welfare: Debunking the Doctrine of Parents' Rights"</a>. <i>CALIFORNIA LAW REVIEW</i>. pp. 1371–1447.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CALIFORNIA+LAW+REVIEW&rft.atitle=Parents%27+Religion+and+Children%27s+Welfare%3A+Debunking+the+Doctrine+of+Parents%27+Rights&rft.pages=1371-1447&rft.date=1994-12&rft.au=James+G.+Dwyer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cirp.org%2Flibrary%2Flegal%2Fdwyer2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edge.org/conversation/what-shall-we-tell-the-children">"WHAT SHALL WE TELL THE CHILDREN?"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goarch.org/en/ourfaith/articles/article7079.asp">the original</a> on September 24, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exorcism+in+the+Orthodox+Church&rft.aulast=Papademetriou&rft.aufirst=George+C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goarch.org%2Fen%2Fourfaith%2Farticles%2Farticle7079.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cures-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cures_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarmiola_Ionescu" class="citation news cs1">Carmiola Ionescu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=271822007">"Exorcism priest is jailed for nun death"</a>. <i>The Scotsman</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft.atitle=Exorcism+priest+is+jailed+for+nun+death&rft.au=Carmiola+Ionescu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthescotsman.scotsman.com%2Finternational.cfm%3Fid%3D271822007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3179789.stm">"US boy dies during 'exorcism'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2003-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=US+boy+dies+during+%27exorcism%27&rft.date=2003-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F3179789.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050208012212/http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/05/stories/2005010512820300.htm">"Exorcism bid turns fatal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. Chennai, India. 2005-01-05. 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"Child fatalities from religion-motivated medical neglect". <i>Pediatrics</i>. <b>101</b> (4 Pt 1): 625–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.101.4.625">10.1542/peds.101.4.625</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9521945">9521945</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Child+fatalities+from+religion-motivated+medical+neglect&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=4+Pt+1&rft.pages=625-9&rft.date=1998-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1542%2Fpeds.101.4.625&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9521945&rft.aulast=Asser&rft.aufirst=S.+M.&rft.au=Swan%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom2005" class="citation web cs1">Bloom, Paul (December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2005/12/is-god-an-accident/304425/">"Is God an Accident?"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Are children "intuitive theists"?". <i><a href="/wiki/Psychological_Science_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological Science (journal)">Psychological Science</a></i>. <b>15</b> (5): 295–301. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0956-7976.2004.00672.x">10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00672.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15102137">15102137</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychological+Science&rft.atitle=Are+children+%22intuitive+theists%22%3F&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=295-301&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0956-7976.2004.00672.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15102137&rft.aulast=Kelemen&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_children&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080305231359/http://www.lrainc.com/swtaboo/taboos/ltn01.html">Love Thy Neighbor: The Evolution of In-Group Morality</a> By John Hartung <i>Skeptic</i>, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1995. 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id="Religion_and_..." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion and ...</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">(<i>Some topic...</i>) and religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_and_religion" title="Astronomy and religion">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_religion" title="Cannabis and religion">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_religion" title="Disability and religion">Disability </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertility_and_religion" title="Fertility and religion">Fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_and_religion" title="Gender and religion">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_religion" title="Law and religion">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_and_religion" title="Magic and religion">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism_and_religion" title="Marxism and religion">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality_and_religion" title="Morality and religion">Morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_and_religion" title="Slavery and religion">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subud_and_religion" title="Subud and religion">Subud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_religion" title="Transgender people and religion">Transgender people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccination_and_religion" title="Vaccination and religion">Vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_religion" title="Women and 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control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_business" title="Religion and business">business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_capital_punishment" title="Religion and capital punishment">capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_child_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and child marriage">child marriage</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_climate_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and climate change">climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and communism">communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_coping_with_trauma" title="Religion and coping with trauma">coping with trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and coronavirus">coronavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_corruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and corruption">corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and crime">crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_the_death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and the death penalty">death penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_disability" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and disability">disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_divorce" title="Religion and divorce">divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_domestic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and domestic violence">domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_drugs" title="Religion and drugs">drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_alcohol" title="Religion and alcohol">alcohol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_education_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and education in Pakistan">education in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_environmentalism" title="Religion and environmentalism">environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and ethics">ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_ethnicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and ethnicity">ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_executions" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and executions">executions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_gambling" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and gambling">gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_gender" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and gender">gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_geography" title="Religion and geography">geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and government">government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_happiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and happiness">happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_health" title="Religion and health">health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_HIV/AIDS" title="Religion and HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_human_migration" title="Religion and human migration">human migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and identity">identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and intelligence">intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_the_internet" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and the internet">the internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_LGBTQ_people" title="Religion and LGBTQ people">LGBTQ people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mental_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and mental health">mental health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mental_illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and mental illness">mental illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_schizophrenia" title="Religion and schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_morality" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and morality">morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" title="Religion and mythology">mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_negotiations" title="Religion and negotiations">negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_pacifism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and pacifism">pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_peacebuilding" title="Religion and peacebuilding">peacebuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_personality" title="Religion and personality">personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Religion and politics in the United States">politics in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_ritual" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and ritual">ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">sexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_adolescent_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and adolescent sexuality">adolescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_bestiality" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and bestiality">bestiality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_heterosexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and heterosexuality">heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_polygamy" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and polygamy">polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_polygyny" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and polygyny">polygyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_pornography" title="Religious views on pornography">pornography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_superstition" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and superstition">superstition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and terror">terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_torture" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and torture">torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_vaccination" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and vaccination">vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_video_games" title="Religion and video games">video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and violence">violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and warfare">warfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Category:... and religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Adoption_and_religion" title="Category:Adoption and religion">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:African_Americans_and_religion" title="Category:African Americans and religion">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cannabis_and_religion" title="Category:Cannabis and religion">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economics_and_religion" title="Category:Economics and religion">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_and_religion" title="Category:Economy and religion">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_and_religion" title="Category:Environment and religion">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Evolution_and_religion" title="Category:Evolution and religion">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_LGBTQ_and_religion" title="Category:Films about LGBTQ and religion">Films about LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Freemasonry_and_religion" title="Category:Freemasonry and religion">Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gender_and_religion" title="Category:Gender and religion">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hellenistic_philosophy_and_religion" title="Category:Hellenistic philosophy and religion">Hellenistic philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_LGBTQ_people" title="Category:Religion and LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liberalism_and_religion" title="Category:Liberalism and religion">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marriage_and_religion" title="Category:Marriage and religion">Marriage</a></li> <li>Mythology <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aztec_mythology_and_religion" title="Category:Aztec mythology and religion">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maya_mythology_and_religion" title="Category:Maya mythology and religion">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mesoamerican_mythology_and_religion" title="Category:Mesoamerican mythology and religion">Mesoamerican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mixtec_mythology_and_religion" title="Category:Mixtec mythology and religion">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Muisca_mythology_and_religion" title="Category:Muisca mythology and religion">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Olmec_mythology_and_religion" title="Category:Olmec mythology and religion">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pre-Columbian_mythology_and_religion" title="Category:Pre-Columbian mythology and religion">Pre-Columbian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_and_religion" title="Category:Nature and religion">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Psychedelics_and_religion" title="Category:Psychedelics and religion">Psychedelics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexual_abstinence_and_religion" title="Category:Sexual abstinence and religion">Sexual abstinence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexuality_and_religion" title="Category:Sexuality and religion">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Slavery_and_religion" title="Category:Slavery and religion">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tamils_and_religion" title="Category:Tamils and religion">Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tobacco_and_religion" title="Category:Tobacco and religion">Tobacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transgender_topics_and_religion" title="Category:Transgender topics and religion">Transgender topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Category:Vegetarianism and religion">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Water_and_religion" title="Category:Water and religion">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wealth_and_religion" title="Category:Wealth and religion">Wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_and_religion" title="Category:Women and religion">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Category:Religion and ...</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_the_arts" title="Category:Religion and the arts">the arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_abortion" title="Category:Religion and abortion">abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_atheism" title="Category:Religion and atheism">atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_capital_punishment" title="Category:Religion and capital punishment">capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_children" title="Category:Religion and children">children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_death" title="Category:Religion and death">death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_drugs" title="Category:Religion and drugs">drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_alcohol" title="Category:Religion and alcohol">alcohol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_education" title="Category:Religion and education">education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_euthanasia" title="Category:Religion and euthanasia">euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_the_French_Revolution" title="Category:Religion and the French Revolution">the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_geography" title="Category:Religion and geography">geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_government" title="Category:Religion and government">government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_health" title="Category:Religion and health">health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_mental_health" title="Category:Religion and mental health">mental health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_HIV/AIDS" title="Category:Religion and HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_law" title="Category:Religion and law">law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_medicine" title="Category:Religion and medicine">medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_music" title="Category:Religion and music">music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_peace" title="Category:Religion and peace">peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_race" title="Category:Religion and race">race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_science" title="Category:Religion and science">science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society" title="Category:Religion and society">society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society_by_country" title="Category:Religion and society by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society_in_France" title="Category:Religion and society in France">in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Religion and society in the United States">in the 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