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<a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Küresel_uydu_navigasyon_sistemleri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Küresel_uydu_navigasyon_sistemleri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Küresel uydu navigasyon sistemleri</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Küresel_uydu_navigasyon_sistemleri-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Küresel uydu navigasyon sistemleri alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Küresel_uydu_navigasyon_sistemleri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sistemlerin_karşılaştırılması" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistemlerin_karşılaştırılması"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Sistemlerin karşılaştırılması</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistemlerin_karşılaştırılması-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Küresel uydu seyrüsefer sistemi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 56 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الملاحة عبر الأقمار الاصطناعية - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الملاحة عبر الأقمار الاصطناعية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_global_de_navegaci%C3%B3n_per_sat%C3%A9lite" title="Sistema global de navegación per satélite - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema global de navegación per satélite" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Спадарожнікавая сістэма навігацыі - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Спадарожнікавая сістэма навігацыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Спътникова навигация - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спътникова навигация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="কৃত্রিম উপগ্রহভিত্তিক দিকনির্ণয় - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কৃত্রিম উপগ্রহভিত্তিক দিকনির্ণয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_Geolec%27hiadur_Hollek_dre_Satellit" title="Sistem Geolec'hiadur Hollek dre Satellit - Bretonca" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sistem Geolec'hiadur Hollek dre Satellit" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_navegaci%C3%B3_per_sat%C3%A8l%C2%B7lit" title="Sistema de navegació per satèl·lit - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema de navegació per satèl·lit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="سیستمی مانگی دەستکردی گەشتیاریی جیھانی - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیستمی مانگی دەستکردی گەشتیاریی جیھانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satelitn%C3%AD_navigace" title="Satelitní navigace - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Satelitní navigace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%95_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Навигацин çулташсемлĕ тытăмĕ - Çuvaşça" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Навигацин çулташсемлĕ тытăмĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Çuvaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Navigation_Satellite_System" title="Global Navigation Satellite System - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Global Navigation Satellite System" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globales_Navigationssatellitensystem" title="Globales Navigationssatellitensystem - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Globales Navigationssatellitensystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Satellite navigation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tergloba_navigada_satelita_sistemo" title="Tergloba navigada satelita sistemo - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tergloba navigada satelita sistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_global_de_navegaci%C3%B3n_por_sat%C3%A9lite" title="Sistema global de navegación por satélite - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema global de navegación por satélite" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Clemaailmne_satelliitnavigatsioonis%C3%BCsteem" title="Ülemaailmne satelliitnavigatsioonisüsteem - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ülemaailmne satelliitnavigatsioonisüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satelite_bidezko_nabigazio_sistema" title="Satelite bidezko nabigazio sistema - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Satelite bidezko nabigazio sistema" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_guia" title="Sistema de guia - Ekstremadura Dili" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sistema de guia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Ekstremadura Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="ناوبری ماهواره‌ای - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناوبری ماهواره‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satelliittipaikannus" title="Satelliittipaikannus - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Satelliittipaikannus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_positionnement_par_satellites" title="Système de positionnement par satellites - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système de positionnement par satellites" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satail%C3%ADt_loingseoireachta" title="Satailít loingseoireachta - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Satailít loingseoireachta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מערכת ניווט לוויינית - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת ניווט לוויינית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="उपग्रह नौवहन प्रणाली - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उपग्रह नौवहन प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalni_navigacijski_satelitski_sustavi" title="Globalni navigacijski satelitski sustavi - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Globalni navigacijski satelitski sustavi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_navigasi_satelit" title="Sistem navigasi satelit - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem navigasi satelit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_satellitare_globale_di_navigazione" title="Sistema satellitare globale di navigazione - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema satellitare globale di navigazione" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E6%B8%AC%E4%BD%8D%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0" title="衛星測位システム - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="衛星測位システム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Спутниктік навигация жүйесі - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Спутниктік навигация жүйесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%94%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1_%ED%95%AD%EB%B2%95_%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9C" title="범지구 위성 항법 시스템 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="범지구 위성 항법 시스템" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Глобалдык орун аныктоо системи - Kırgızca" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Глобалдык орун аныктоо системи" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kırgızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C9%9B%CC%81m%C9%9B_ya_boyebi_bis%C3%ADk%C3%A1" title="Sistɛ́mɛ ya boyebi bisíká - Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Sistɛ́mɛ ya boyebi bisíká" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavado%C5%86navig%C4%81cija" title="Pavadoņnavigācija - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pavadoņnavigācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="സാറ്റലൈറ്റ് നാവിഗേറ്റർ - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാറ്റലൈറ്റ് നാവിഗേറ്റർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Хиймэл дагуулын навигац - Moğolca" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хиймэл дагуулын навигац" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Moğolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellietnavigatie" title="Satellietnavigatie - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Satellietnavigatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigasjonssatellitt" title="Navigasjonssatellitt - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Navigasjonssatellitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigasjonssatellitt" title="Navigasjonssatellitt - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Navigasjonssatellitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_de_posicionament_per_satellits" title="Sistèma de posicionament per satellits - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sistèma de posicionament per satellits" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawigacja_satelitarna" title="Nawigacja satelitarna - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nawigacja satelitarna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_navega%C3%A7%C3%A3o_por_sat%C3%A9lite" title="Sistema de navegação por satélite - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema de navegação por satélite" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_de_naviga%C8%9Bie_prin_satelit" title="Sistem de navigație prin satelit - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sistem de navigație prin satelit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Спутниковая система навигации - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спутниковая система навигации" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Satellite navigation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%BEicov%C3%BD_naviga%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_pr%C3%ADstroj" title="Družicový navigačný prístroj - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Družicový navigačný prístroj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalni_navigacioni_satelitski_sistemi" title="Globalni navigacioni satelitski sistemi - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Globalni navigacioni satelitski sistemi" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellitnavigation" title="Satellitnavigation - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Satellitnavigation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfumo_wa_uongozaji_kwa_satelaiti" title="Mfumo wa uongozaji kwa satelaiti - Svahili dili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfumo wa uongozaji kwa satelaiti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="செய்மதி இடஞ்சுட்டல் - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செய்மதி இடஞ்சுட்டல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabigasyong_satelayt" title="Nabigasyong satelayt - Tagalogca" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nabigasyong satelayt" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalogca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Супутникова навігація - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Супутникова навігація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عالمی جہازرانی سیارچی نظام - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عالمی جہازرانی سیارچی نظام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%CA%BCiy_yo%CA%BBldoshli_global_navigatsion_tizim" title="Sunʼiy yoʻldoshli global navigatsion tizim - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sunʼiy yoʻldoshli global navigatsion tizim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng_v%E1%BB%87_tinh_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_v%E1%BB%8B_to%C3%A0n_c%E1%BA%A7u" title="Hệ thống vệ tinh định vị toàn cầu - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ thống vệ tinh định vị toàn cầu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="卫星导航系统 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卫星导航系统" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%9E%E6%98%9F%E5%B0%8E%E8%88%AA%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="衞星導航系統 - Kantonca" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="衞星導航系統" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179435#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><p><b>Küresel Konum Belirleme Sistemi</b> (<b>KKBS</b>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ng." class="mw-redirect" title="İng.">İng.</a>: <i><b>G</b>lobal <b>N</b>avigation <b>S</b>atellite <b>S</b>ystems</i> - <b>GNSS</b>), uydu konum belirleme sistemleri için kullanılan bir terimdir. Küresel konum belirleme sistemleri aracılığıyla uzaydan yollanan dalgalarla yeryüzünde sabit bir biçimde duran elektronik alıcılar bulundukları noktanın ve yakın çevresinin <a href="/wiki/Enlem" title="Enlem">enlem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boylam" title="Boylam">boylam</a> ve yüksekliğini ve bulunduğu noktada <a href="/wiki/Yerel_saat" title="Yerel saat">yerel saatin</a> kaç olduğunu tam olarak hesaplayabilir. Bilimsel çalışma ve deneylerde bu veriler büyük kolaylıklar sağlamaktadır. </p><p>Uydularla konum belirleme sistemleri ile bulunduğumuz yerin ya da yeryüzündeki herhangi bir yerin koordinatlarını gerçek zamanlı ve çok hassas olarak belirlemek günümüzde olanaklı hale gelmiştir. </p><p>Uydularla konum belirleme sistemleri denince akla Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin GPS, Avrupa Birliğinin GALILEO ve Rusların GLONASS uyduları gelmektedir. Bütün gelişmiş ülkeler artık yaşamın hemen her alanında bu uydu ölçülerini kullanmaktadırlar. </p><p>Türkiye'de ulusal ölçekte sabit KKBS istasyonlar Milli Savunma Bakanlığı <a href="/wiki/Harita_Genel_M%C3%BCd%C3%BCrl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC" title="Harita Genel Müdürlüğü">Harita Genel Müdürlüğü</a> ve <a href="/wiki/%C3%87evre,_%C5%9Eehircilik_ve_%C4%B0klim_De%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fikli%C4%9Fi_Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı">Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı</a> <a href="/wiki/Tapu_ve_Kadastro_Genel_M%C3%BCd%C3%BCrl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC" title="Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Müdürlüğü">Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Müdürlüğü</a> müşterek mülkiyetinde işletilmekte olup 2020 yılı itibari ile 158 istasyondan oluşan bu ağ Türkiye Ulusal Sabit GNSS İstasyonları Ağı-Aktif (TUSAGA-Aktif) olarak adlandırılmıştır. Ayrıca tüm İstanbul'u kapsayan, İSKİ Genel Müdürlüğü Harita Şube Müdürlüğü tarafından, GNSS teknolojilerini gerçek zamanlı, etkin ve verimli kullanıma imkân veren 8 istasyonlu KKBS ağının kurulumu Kasım 2008 tarihinde tamamlanmıştır. </p><p>Küresel konum belirleme sistemlerinin askeri, sivil ve bilimsel amaçlı kullanım alanları; </p> <ul><li>Kara, deniz ve hava araçlarının navigasyonu,</li> <li>Jeodezik ve jeodinamik amaçlı ölçmeler,</li> <li>Kadastro ölçmeleri,</li> <li>Askeri amaçlar</li> <li>Yer kabuğu hareketlerinin izlenmesi</li> <li>Deprem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi</li> <li>Araç takip sistemleri</li></ul> <p>şeklinde sıralanabilir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Küresel_uydu_navigasyon_sistemleri"><span id="K.C3.BCresel_uydu_navigasyon_sistemleri"></span>Küresel uydu navigasyon sistemleri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BCresel_uydu_seyr%C3%BCsefer_sistemi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Küresel uydu navigasyon sistemleri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BCresel_uydu_seyr%C3%BCsefer_sistemi&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Küresel uydu navigasyon sistemleri"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistemlerin_karşılaştırılması"><span id="Sistemlerin_kar.C5.9F.C4.B1la.C5.9Ft.C4.B1r.C4.B1lmas.C4.B1"></span>Sistemlerin karşılaştırılması</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BCresel_uydu_seyr%C3%BCsefer_sistemi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Sistemlerin karşılaştırılması" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BCresel_uydu_seyr%C3%BCsefer_sistemi&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Sistemlerin karşılaştırılması"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sistem </th> <th><a href="/wiki/GPS" title="GPS">GPS</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/GLONASS" title="GLONASS">GLONASS</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Beidou_uydu_konumland%C4%B1rma_sistemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Beidou uydu konumlandırma sistemi">BeiDou</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Galileo_konumland%C4%B1rma_sistemi" title="Galileo konumlandırma sistemi">Galileo</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/IRNSS" class="mw-redirect" title="IRNSS">IRNSS</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Sahibi </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">Birleşik Devletler</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin">Çin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Avrupa Birliği">Avrupa Birliği</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan">Hindistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sinyal Kodları </th> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA" title="CDMA">CDMA</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=FDMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FDMA (sayfa mevcut değil)">FDMA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA" title="CDMA">CDMA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA" title="CDMA">CDMA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA" title="CDMA">CDMA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Yeryüzüne Yükseklik (İrtifa) </th> <td>20,180 km (12,539 mi) </td> <td>19,130 km (11,887 mi) </td> <td>21,150 km (13,142 mi) </td> <td>23,222 km (14,429 mi) </td> <td>36,000 km (22,369 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Yörünge Süresi </th> <td>11.97 sa (11 sa 58 dk) </td> <td>11.26 sa (11 sa 16 dk) </td> <td>12.63 sa (12 sa 38 dk) </td> <td>14.08 sa (14 sa 5 dk) </td> <td>23.93 sa (23 sa 56 dk) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Devrimleri başına <a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z%C4%B1l_g%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yıldızıl gün (sayfa mevcut değil)">yıldızıl gün</a> </th> <td>2 </td> <td>17/8 </td> <td>17/9 </td> <td>17/10 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Uydu Sayısı </th> <td><b>31</b> (tasarımı ile en az 24)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><b>28</b> (tasarımı ile en az 24 uydu) içeren:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />24 işletimde<br />2 Uydu ana yüklenici tarafından kontrol altında<br />2'si uçuş testleri aşamasında </td> <td>5 jeosenkron yörünge (GEO) uydusu,<br />30 orta yörünge (MEO) uydusu </td> <td>8 yörüngede deneme yataklı uydu,<br />bütçelenen 22 işletim uydusu </td> <td>3 jeosenkron yörünge (GEO) uydusu, <br />4 jeosenkron yörünge uydusu </td></tr> <tr> <th>Frekans </th> <td>1.57542 GHz (L1 sinyali)<br />1.2276 GHz (L2 sinyali) </td> <td>Çevresi 1.602 GHz (SP)<br />Çevresi 1.246 GHz (SP) </td> <td>1.561098 GHz (B1)<br />1.589742 GHz (B1-2)<br />1.20714 GHz (B2)<br />1.26852 GHz (B3) </td> <td>1.164–1.215 GHz (E5a ve E5b)<br /> 1.260–1.300 GHz (E6)<br />1.559–1.592 GHz (E2-L1-E11) </td> <td>1.17645 GHz (L5)<br />2.492028 GHz (S1) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Durumu </th> <td>İşletimde </td> <td>İşletimde </td> <td>15 uydu işletimde,<br />planlanan 20 ek uydu </td> <td>Hazırlık aşamasında </td> <td>Başlatılan 4 uydu,<br /> 2016'nın başında gerçekleştirilmesi planlanan 3 ek uydu </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BCresel_uydu_seyr%C3%BCsefer_sistemi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BCresel_uydu_seyr%C3%BCsefer_sistemi&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/space/#generations">"GPS Space Segment"</a>. 10 Ocak 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160110094730/http://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/space/#generations">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">24 Temmuz</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GPS+Space+Segment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gps.gov%2Fsystems%2Fgps%2Fspace%2F%23generations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AK%C3%BCresel+uydu+seyr%C3%BCsefer+sistemi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130504220156/http://www.glonass-ianc.rsa.ru/en/GLONASS/">"GLONASS status"</a>. 4 Mayıs 2013 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glonass-ianc.rsa.ru/en/GLONASS/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">24 Temmuz</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GLONASS+status&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glonass-ianc.rsa.ru%2Fen%2FGLONASS%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AK%C3%BCresel+uydu+seyr%C3%BCsefer+sistemi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otorite_kontrol%C3%BC" title="Otorite kontrolü">Otorite kontrolü</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435" title="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin"><img alt="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCmle%C5%9Fik_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Tümleşik Otorite Dosyası">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202846-2">4202846-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kongre_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi_Kontrol_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Kongre Kütüphanesi Kontrol Numarası">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85008239">sh85008239</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ek_Cumhuriyeti_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Çek Cumhuriyeti Millî Kütüphanesi">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph162495&CON_LNG=ENG">ph162495</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0srail_Ulusal_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="İsrail Ulusal Kütüphanesi">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007294963305171">987007294963305171</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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