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Equilibrium</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Equilibrium"> <meta name="keywords" content="Equilibrium"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Equilibrium"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 357</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Equilibrium</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">357</span> Analysis of Model in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Dengue Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Kongnuy">R. Kongnuy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Pongsumpun"> P. Pongsumpun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We used mathematical model to study the transmission of dengue disease. The model is developed in which the human population is separated into two populations, pregnant and non-pregnant humans. The dynamical analysis method is used for analyzing this modified model. Two equilibrium states are found and the conditions for stability of theses two equilibrium states are established. Numerical results are shown for each equilibrium state. The basic reproduction numbers are found and they are compared by using numerical simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Basic%20reproductive%20number" title="Basic reproductive number">Basic reproductive number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dengue%20disease" title=" dengue disease"> dengue disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=equilibrium%20states" title="equilibrium states">equilibrium states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pregnancy." title=" pregnancy."> pregnancy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15656/analysis-of-model-in-pregnant-and-non-pregnant-dengue-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15656/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15656/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15656/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15656/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15656/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15656/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15656/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15656/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15656/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15656/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1593</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">356</span> Multi-Stakeholder Road Pricing Game: Solution Concepts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anthony%20E.%20Ohazulike">Anthony E. Ohazulike</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Georg%20Still"> Georg Still</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Walter%20Kern"> Walter Kern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eric%20C.%20van%20Berkum"> Eric C. van Berkum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A road pricing game is a game where various stakeholders and/or regions with different (and usually conflicting) objectives compete for toll setting in a given transportation network to satisfy their individual objectives. We investigate some classical game theoretical solution concepts for the road pricing game. We establish results for the road pricing game so that stakeholders and/or regions playing such a game will beforehand know what is obtainable. This will save time and argument, and above all, get rid of the feelings of unfairness among the competing actors and road users. Among the classical solution concepts we investigate is Nash equilibrium. In particular, we show that no pure Nash equilibrium exists among the actors, and further illustrate that even “mixed Nash equilibrium" may not be achievable in the road pricing game. The paper also demonstrates the type of coalitions that are not only reachable, but also stable and profitable for the actors involved.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Road%20pricing%20game" title="Road pricing game">Road pricing game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Equilibrium%20problem%20with%20equilibrium%20constraint%20%28EPEC%29" title=" Equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraint (EPEC)"> Equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraint (EPEC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nash%20equilibrium" title=" Nash equilibrium"> Nash equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Game%20stability." title=" Game stability."> Game stability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6397/multi-stakeholder-road-pricing-game-solution-concepts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6397/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6397/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6397/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6397/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6397/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6397/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6397/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6397/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6397/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6397/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">355</span> The Optimal Equilibrium Capacity of Information Hiding Based on Game Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ziquan%20Hu">Ziquan Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kun%20She"> Kun She</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shahzad%20Ali"> Shahzad Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kai%20Yan"> Kai Yan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Game theory could be used to analyze the conflicted issues in the field of information hiding. In this paper, 2-phase game can be used to build the embedder-attacker system to analyze the limits of hiding capacity of embedding algorithms: the embedder minimizes the expected damage and the attacker maximizes it. In the system, the embedder first consumes its resource to build embedded units (EU) and insert the secret information into EU. Then the attacker distributes its resource evenly to the attacked EU. The expected equilibrium damage, which is maximum damage in value from the point of view of the attacker and minimum from the embedder against the attacker, is evaluated by the case when the attacker attacks a subset from all the EU. Furthermore, the optimal equilibrium capacity of hiding information is calculated through the optimal number of EU with the embedded secret information. Finally, illustrative examples of the optimal equilibrium capacity are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=2-Phase%20Game" title="2-Phase Game">2-Phase Game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Expected%20Equilibrium%20damage" title=" Expected Equilibrium damage"> Expected Equilibrium damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=InformationHiding" title=" InformationHiding"> InformationHiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimal%20Equilibrium%20Capacity." title=" Optimal Equilibrium Capacity."> Optimal Equilibrium Capacity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11041/the-optimal-equilibrium-capacity-of-information-hiding-based-on-game-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11041/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11041/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11041/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11041/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11041/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11041/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11041/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11041/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11041/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11041/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1621</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">354</span> Pure Scalar Equilibria for Normal-Form Games</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20W.%20Corley">H. W. Corley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A scalar equilibrium (SE) is an alternative type of equilibrium in pure strategies for an n-person normal-form game G. It is defined using optimization techniques to obtain a pure strategy for each player of G by maximizing an appropriate utility function over the acceptable joint actions. The players’ actions are determined by the choice of the utility function. Such a utility function could be agreed upon by the players or chosen by an arbitrator. An SE is an equilibrium since no players of G can increase the value of this utility function by changing their strategies. SEs are formally defined, and examples are given. In a greedy SE, the goal is to assign actions to the players giving them the largest individual payoffs jointly possible. In a weighted SE, each player is assigned weights modeling the degree to which he helps every player, including himself, achieve as large a payoff as jointly possible. In a compromise SE, each player wants a fair payoff for a reasonable interpretation of fairness. In a parity SE, the players want their payoffs to be as nearly equal as jointly possible. Finally, a satisficing SE achieves a personal target payoff value for each player. The vector payoffs associated with each of these SEs are shown to be Pareto optimal among all such acceptable vectors, as well as computationally tractable.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Compromise%20equilibrium" title="Compromise equilibrium">Compromise equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=greedy%20equilibrium" title=" greedy equilibrium"> greedy equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=normal-form%20game" title=" normal-form game"> normal-form game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=parity%20equilibrium" title=" parity equilibrium"> parity equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pure%20strategies" title=" pure strategies"> pure strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=satisficing%20equilibrium" title=" satisficing equilibrium"> satisficing equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=scalar%20equilibria" title=" scalar equilibria"> scalar equilibria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=utility%20function" title=" utility function"> utility function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=weighted%20equilibrium." title=" weighted equilibrium."> weighted equilibrium.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013203/pure-scalar-equilibria-for-normal-form-games" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013203/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013203/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013203/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013203/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013203/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013203/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013203/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013203/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013203/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013203/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">353</span> Constructive Proof of the Existence of an Equilibrium in a Competitive Economy with Sequentially Locally Non-Constant Excess Demand Functions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasuhito%20Tanaka">Yasuhito Tanaka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we will constructively prove the existence of an equilibrium in a competitive economy with sequentially locally non-constant excess demand functions. And we will show that the existence of such an equilibrium in a competitive economy implies Sperner-s lemma. We follow the Bishop style constructive mathematics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sequentially%20locally%20non-constant%20excess%20demand%20functions" title="Sequentially locally non-constant excess demand functions">Sequentially locally non-constant excess demand functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Equilibrium%20in%20a%20competitive%20economy" title=" Equilibrium in a competitive economy"> Equilibrium in a competitive economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Constructive%20mathematics" title=" Constructive mathematics"> Constructive mathematics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6070/constructive-proof-of-the-existence-of-an-equilibrium-in-a-competitive-economy-with-sequentially-locally-non-constant-excess-demand-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6070/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6070/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6070/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6070/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6070/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6070/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6070/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6070/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6070/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6070/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">352</span> A Comparative Study on Different Approaches to Evaluate Ship Equilibrium Point</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alessandro%20A.%20Zizzari">Alessandro A. Zizzari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Francesca%20Calabrese"> Francesca Calabrese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Giovanni%20Indiveri"> Giovanni Indiveri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Andrea%20Coraddu"> Andrea Coraddu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Diego%20Villa"> Diego Villa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to present a comparative study on two different methods for the evaluation of the equilibrium point of a ship, core issue for designing an On Board Stability System (OBSS) module that, starting from geometry information of a ship hull, described by a discrete model in a standard format, and the distribution of all weights onboard calculates the ship floating conditions (in draught, heel and trim). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Algorithms" title="Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Computer%20applications" title=" Computer applications"> Computer applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Equilibrium" title=" Equilibrium"> Equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marine%20applications" title=" Marine applications"> Marine applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stability%20System." title=" Stability System."> Stability System.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3730/a-comparative-study-on-different-approaches-to-evaluate-ship-equilibrium-point" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3730/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3730/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3730/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3730/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3730/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3730/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3730/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3730/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3730/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3730/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">351</span> Simulation of Reactive Distillation: Comparison of Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Stage Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asfaw%20Gezae%20Daful">Asfaw Gezae Daful</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In the present study, two distinctly different approaches are followed for modeling of reactive distillation column, the equilibrium stage model and the nonequilibrium stage model. These models are simulated with a computer code developed in the present study using MATLAB programming. In the equilibrium stage models, the vapor and liquid phases are assumed to be in equilibrium and allowance is made for finite reaction rates, where as in the nonequilibrium stage models simultaneous mass transfer and reaction rates are considered. These simulated model results are validated from the experimental data reported in the literature. The simulated results of equilibrium and nonequilibrium models are compared for concentration, temperature and reaction rate profiles in a reactive distillation column for Methyl Tert Butyle Ether (MTBE) production. Both the models show similar trend for the concentration, temperature and reaction rate profiles but the nonequilibrium model predictions are higher and closer to the experimental values reported in the literature.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reactive%20Distillation" title="Reactive Distillation">Reactive Distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Equilibrium%20model" title=" Equilibrium model"> Equilibrium model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nonequilibrium%20model" title=" Nonequilibrium model"> Nonequilibrium model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Methyl%20Tert-Butyl%20Ether" title=" Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether"> Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16899/simulation-of-reactive-distillation-comparison-of-equilibrium-and-nonequilibrium-stage-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16899/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16899/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16899/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16899/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16899/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16899/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16899/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16899/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16899/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16899/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16899.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">350</span> Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Binary Mixture of Methyl Acetate with Isopropylbenzene at 97.3 kPa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seema%20Kapoor">Seema Kapoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Baljinder%20K.%20Gill"> Baljinder K. Gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20K.%20Rattan"> V. K. Rattan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements are reported for the binary mixture of Methyl acetate and Isopropylbenzene at 97.3 kPa. The measurements have been performed using a vapor recirculating type (modified Othmer's) equilibrium still. The mixture shows positive deviation from ideality and does not form an azeotrope. The activity coefficients have been calculated taking into consideration the vapor phase nonideality. The data satisfy the thermodynamic consistency tests of Herington and Black. The activity coefficients have been satisfactorily correlated by means of the Margules, NRTL, and Black equations. A comparison of the values of activity coefficients obtained by experimental data with the UNIFAC model has been made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Binary%20mixture" title="Binary mixture">Binary mixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Isopropylbenzene" title=" Isopropylbenzene"> Isopropylbenzene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Methyl%20acetate" title=" Methyl acetate"> Methyl acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vapor-liquid%20equilibrium." title=" Vapor-liquid equilibrium."> Vapor-liquid equilibrium.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1596/isobaric-vapor-liquid-equilibrium-of-binary-mixture-of-methyl-acetate-with-isopropylbenzene-at-973-kpa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1596/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1596/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1596/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1596/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1596/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1596/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1596/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1596/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1596/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1596/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">349</span> Using Axiomatic Design for Developing a Framework of Manufacturing Cloud Service Composition in the Equilibrium State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ehsan%20Vaziri%20Goodarzi">Ehsan Vaziri Goodarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahmood%20Houshmand"> Mahmood Houshmand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Omid%20Fatahi%20Valilai"> Omid Fatahi Valilai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vahidreza%20Ghezavati"> Vahidreza Ghezavati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shahrooz%20Bamdad"> Shahrooz Bamdad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One important paradigm of industry 4.0 is Cloud Manufacturing (CM). In CM everything is considered as a service, therefore, the CM platform should consider all service provider's capabilities and tries to integrate services in an equilibrium state. This research develops a framework for implementing manufacturing cloud service composition in the equilibrium state. The developed framework using well-known tools called axiomatic design (AD) and game theory. The research has investigated the factors for forming equilibrium for measures of the manufacturing cloud service composition. Functional requirements (FRs) represent the measures of manufacturing cloud service composition in the equilibrium state. These FRs satisfied by related Design Parameters (DPs). The FRs and DPs are defined by considering the game theory, QoS, consumer needs, parallel and cooperative services. Ultimately, four FRs and DPs represent the framework. To insure the validity of the framework, the authors have used the first AD’s independent axiom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Axiomatic%20design" title="Axiomatic design">Axiomatic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=manufacturing%20cloud%20service%20composition" title=" manufacturing cloud service composition"> manufacturing cloud service composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cloud%20manufacturing" title=" cloud manufacturing"> cloud manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Industry%204.0." title=" Industry 4.0. "> Industry 4.0. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011323/using-axiomatic-design-for-developing-a-framework-of-manufacturing-cloud-service-composition-in-the-equilibrium-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011323/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011323/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011323/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011323/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011323/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011323/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011323/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011323/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011323/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011323/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011323.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">706</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">348</span> Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics of a Driven Lattice Gas Model: Probability Function, FDT-violation, and Monte Carlo Simulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Sudprasert">K. Sudprasert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Precharattana"> M. Precharattana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Nuttavut"> N. Nuttavut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Triampo"> D. Triampo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Pattanasiri"> B. Pattanasiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Lenbury"> Y. Lenbury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20Triampo"> W. Triampo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of non-equilibrium systems has attracted increasing interest in recent years, mainly due to the lack of theoretical frameworks, unlike their equilibrium counterparts. Studying the steady state and/or simple systems is thus one of the main interests. Hence in this work we have focused our attention on the driven lattice gas model (DLG model) consisting of interacting particles subject to an external field E. The dynamics of the system are given by hopping of particles to nearby empty sites with rates biased for jumps in the direction of E. Having used small two dimensional systems of DLG model, the stochastic properties at nonequilibrium steady state were analytically studied. To understand the non-equilibrium phenomena, we have applied the analytic approach via master equation to calculate probability function and analyze violation of detailed balance in term of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to validate the analytic results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Non-equilibrium" title="Non-equilibrium">Non-equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lattice%20gas" title=" lattice gas"> lattice gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stochastic%20process" title=" stochastic process"> stochastic process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8956/non-equilibrium-statistical-mechanics-of-a-driven-lattice-gas-model-probability-function-fdt-violation-and-monte-carlo-simulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8956/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8956/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8956/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8956/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8956/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8956/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8956/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8956/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8956/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8956/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1731</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">347</span> Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data for Binary Mixture of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran and Cumene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20K.%20Rattan">V. K. Rattan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Baljinder%20K.%20Gill"> Baljinder K. Gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seema%20Kapoor"> Seema Kapoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements are reported for binary mixture of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran and Cumene at 97.3 kPa. The data were obtained using a vapor recirculating type (modified Othmer's) equilibrium still. The mixture shows slight negative deviation from ideality. The system does not form an azeotrope. The experimental data obtained in this study are thermodynamically consistent according to the Herington test. The activity coefficients have been satisfactorily correlated by means of the Margules, and NRTL equations. Excess Gibbs free energy has been calculated from the experimental data. The values of activity coefficients have also been obtained by the UNIFAC group contribution method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Binary%20mixture" title="Binary mixture">Binary mixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=2-Methyltetrahydrofuran" title=" 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran"> 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cumene" title=" Cumene"> Cumene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vapor-liquid%20equilibrium" title=" Vapor-liquid equilibrium"> Vapor-liquid equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=UNIFAC" title=" UNIFAC"> UNIFAC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Excess%20Gibbs%20free%20energy." title=" Excess Gibbs free energy."> Excess Gibbs free energy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4268/isobaric-vapor-liquid-equilibrium-data-for-binary-mixture-of-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-and-cumene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4268/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4268/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4268/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4268/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4268/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4268/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4268/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4268/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4268/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4268/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2719</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">346</span> Equilibrium and Rate Based Simulation of MTBE Reactive Distillation Column</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Debashish%20Panda">Debashish Panda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kannan%20A."> Kannan A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Equilibrium and rate based models have been applied in the simulation of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) synthesis through reactive distillation. Temperature and composition profiles were compared for both the models and found that both the profiles trends, though qualitatively similar are significantly different quantitatively. In the rate based method (RBM), multicomponent mass transfer coefficients have been incorporated to describe interphase mass transfer. MTBE mole fraction in the bottom stream is found to be 0.9914 in the Equilibrium Model (EQM) and only 0.9904 for RBM when the same column configuration was preserved. The individual tray efficiencies were incorporated in the EQM and simulations were carried out. Dynamic simulation have been also carried out for the two column configurations and compared.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aspen%20Plus" title="Aspen Plus">Aspen Plus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=equilibrium%20stage%20model" title=" equilibrium stage model"> equilibrium stage model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=methyl%0D%0Atertiary-butyl%20ether" title=" methyl tertiary-butyl ether"> methyl tertiary-butyl ether</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rate%20based%20model." title=" rate based model."> rate based model.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999393/equilibrium-and-rate-based-simulation-of-mtbe-reactive-distillation-column" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999393/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999393/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999393/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999393/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999393/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999393/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999393/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999393/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999393/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999393/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4913</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">345</span> Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data for Binary Mixtures of n-Butylamine and Triethylamine with Cumene at 97.3 kPa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Baljinder%20K.%20Gill">Baljinder K. Gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20K.%20Rattan"> V. K. Rattan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seema%20Kapoor"> Seema Kapoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements are reported for the binary mixtures of n-Butylamine and Triethylamine with Cumene at 97.3 kPa. The measurements have been performed using a vapor recirculating type (modified Othmer's) equilibrium still. The binary mixture of n-Butylamine + Cumene shows positive deviation from ideality. Triethylamine + Cumene mixture shows negligible deviation from ideality. None of the systems form an azeotrope. The activity coefficients have been calculated taking into consideration the vapor phase nonideality. The data satisfy the thermodynamic consistency test of Herington. The activity coefficients have been satisfactorily correlated by means of the Margules, NRTL, and Black equations. The activity coefficient values obtained by the UNIFAC model are also reported.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Binary%20mixture" title="Binary mixture">Binary mixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cumene" title=" cumene"> cumene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=n-butylamine" title=" n-butylamine"> n-butylamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=triethylamine" title=" triethylamine"> triethylamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vapor-liquid%20equilibrium." title=" vapor-liquid equilibrium."> vapor-liquid equilibrium.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14892/isobaric-vapor-liquid-equilibrium-data-for-binary-mixtures-of-n-butylamine-and-triethylamine-with-cumene-at-973-kpa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14892/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14892/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14892/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14892/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14892/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14892/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14892/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14892/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14892/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14892/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1915</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">344</span> Finding Equilibrium in Transport Networks by Simulation and Investigation of Behaviors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G%C3%A1bor%20Sz%C5%B1cs">Gábor Szűcs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gyula%20Sallai"> Gyula Sallai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this paper is to find Wardrop equilibrium in transport networks at case of uncertainty situations, where the uncertainty comes from lack of information. We use simulation tool to find the equilibrium, which gives only approximate solution, but this is sufficient for large networks as well. In order to take the uncertainty into account we have developed an interval-based procedure for finding the paths with minimal cost using the Dempster-Shafer theory. Furthermore we have investigated the users- behaviors using game theory approach, because their path choices influence the costs of the other users- paths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dempster-Shafer%20theory" title="Dempster-Shafer theory">Dempster-Shafer theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S-O%20and%20U-Otransportation%20network" title=" S-O and U-Otransportation network"> S-O and U-Otransportation network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=uncertainty%20of%20information" title=" uncertainty of information"> uncertainty of information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wardropequilibrium." title=" Wardropequilibrium."> Wardropequilibrium.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2882/finding-equilibrium-in-transport-networks-by-simulation-and-investigation-of-behaviors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2882/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2882/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2882/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2882/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2882/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2882/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2882/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2882/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2882/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2882/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">343</span> Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on Biosorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) from Aqueous Solution Using a Spore Forming Bacillus Isolated from Wastewater of a Leather Factory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sh.%20Kianfar">Sh. Kianfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Moheb"> A. Moheb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Ghaforian"> H. Ghaforian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The equilibrium, thermodynamics and kinetics of the biosorption of Cd (II) and Pb(II) by a Spore Forming Bacillus (MGL 75) were investigated at different experimental conditions. The Langmuir and Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equilibrium adsorption models were applied to describe the biosorption of the metal ions by MGL 75 biomass. The Langmuir model fitted the equilibrium data better than the other models. Maximum adsorption capacities q max for lead (II) and cadmium (II) were found equal to 158.73mg/g and 91.74 mg/g by Langmuir model. The values of the mean free energy determined with the D-R equation showed that adsorption process is a physiosorption process. The thermodynamic parameters Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) changes were also calculated, and the values indicated that the biosorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. Experiment data were also used to study biosorption kinetics using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium sorption capacities and related correlation coefficients were calculated and discussed. The results showed that the biosorption processes of both metal ions followed well pseudo-second-order kinetics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biosorption" title="biosorption">biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Metal%20ion%20removal" title=" Metal ion removal"> Metal ion removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermodynamics" title=" thermodynamics"> thermodynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/equilibrium-kinetic-and-thermodynamic-studies-on-biosorption-of-cd-ii-and-pb-ii-from-aqueous-solution-using-a-spore-forming-bacillus-isolated-from-wastewater-of-a-leather-factory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2053</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">342</span> Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Ramipril in Commercial Dosage Forms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nafisur%20Rahman">Nafisur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Habibur%20Rahman"> Habibur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Syed%20Najmul%20Hejaz%20Azmi"> Syed Najmul Hejaz Azmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a simple and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of ramipril in commercial dosage forms. The method is based on the reaction of the drug with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 100 ± 1ºC. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the rate of change of the absorbance at 420 nm. Fixed-time (ΔA) and equilibrium methods are adopted for constructing the calibration curves. Both the calibration curves were found to be linear over the concentration ranges 20 - 220 μg/ml. The regression analysis of calibration data yielded the linear equations: Δ A = 6.30 × 10-4 + 1.54 × 10-3 C and A = 3.62 × 10-4 + 6.35 × 10-3 C for fixed time (Δ A) and equilibrium methods, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) for fixed time and equilibrium methods are 1.47 and 1.05 μg/ml, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of ramipril in commercial dosage forms. Statistical comparison of the results shows that there is no significant difference between the proposed methods and Abdellatef-s spectrophotometric method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Equilibrium%20method" title="Equilibrium method">Equilibrium method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fixed-time%20%28%CE%94A%29%20method" title=" Fixed-time (ΔA) method"> Fixed-time (ΔA) method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ramipril" title="Ramipril">Ramipril</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectrophotometry." title=" Spectrophotometry."> Spectrophotometry.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/844/kinetic-spectrophotometric-determination-of-ramipril-in-commercial-dosage-forms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/844/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/844/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/844/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/844/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/844/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/844/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/844/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/844/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/844/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/844/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">341</span> Effect of Al Addition on Microstructure and Physical Properties of Fe-36Ni Invar Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seok%20Hong%20Min">Seok Hong Min</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>High strength Fe-36Ni-base Invar alloys containing Al contents up to 0.3 weight percent were cast into ingots and thermodynamic equilibrium during solidification has been investigated in this study. From the thermodynamic simulation using Thermo-Calc®, it has been revealed that equilibrium phases which can be formed are two kinds of MC-type precipitates, MoC, and M<sub>2</sub>C carbides. The mu phase was also expected to form by addition of aluminum. Microstructure observation revealed the coarse precipitates in the as-cast ingots, which was non-equilibrium phase and could be resolved by the successive heat treatment. With increasing Al contents up to 0.3 wt.%, tensile strength of Invar alloy increased as 1400MPa after cold rolling and thermal expansion coefficient increased significantly. Cold rolling appeared to dramatically decrease thermal expansion coefficient.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Invar%20alloy" title="Invar alloy">Invar alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aluminum" title=" Aluminum"> Aluminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Phase%20equilibrium" title=" Phase equilibrium"> Phase equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20expansion%20coefficient" title=" thermal expansion coefficient"> thermal expansion coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tensile%20properties." title=" tensile properties."> tensile properties.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998123/effect-of-al-addition-on-microstructure-and-physical-properties-of-fe-36ni-invar-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998123/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998123/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998123/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998123/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998123/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998123/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998123/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998123/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998123/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998123/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2653</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">340</span> Complex Dynamics of Bertrand Duopoly Games with Bounded Rationality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jixiang%20Zhang">Jixiang Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Guocheng%20Wang"> Guocheng Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A dynamic of Bertrand duopoly game is analyzed, where players use different production methods and choose their prices with bounded rationality. The equilibriums of the corresponding discrete dynamical systems are investigated. The stability conditions of Nash equilibrium under a local adjustment process are studied. The stability conditions of Nash equilibrium under a local adjustment process are studied. The stability of Nash equilibrium, as some parameters of the model are varied, gives rise to complex dynamics such as cycles of higher order and chaos. On this basis, we discover that an increase of adjustment speed of bounded rational player can make Bertrand market sink into the chaotic state. Finally, the complex dynamics, bifurcations and chaos are displayed by numerical simulation.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bertrand%20duopoly%20model" title="Bertrand duopoly model">Bertrand duopoly model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Discrete%20dynamical%20system" title=" Discrete dynamical system"> Discrete dynamical system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heterogeneous%20expectations" title=" Heterogeneous expectations"> Heterogeneous expectations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nash%20equilibrium." title=" Nash equilibrium."> Nash equilibrium.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16270/complex-dynamics-of-bertrand-duopoly-games-with-bounded-rationality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16270/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16270/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16270/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16270/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16270/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16270/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16270/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16270/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16270/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16270/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2599</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">339</span> Study of Mixed Convection in a Vertical Channel Filled with a Reactive Porous Medium in the Absence of Local Thermal Equilibrium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hamid%20Maidat">Hamid Maidat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khedidja%20Bouhadef"> Khedidja Bouhadef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Djamel%20Eddine%20Ameziani"> Djamel Eddine Ameziani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Azzedine%20Abdedou"> Azzedine Abdedou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work consists of a numerical simulation of convective heat transfer in a vertical plane channel filled with a heat generating porous medium, in the absence of local thermal equilibrium. The walls are maintained to a constant temperature and the inlet velocity is uniform. The dynamic range is described by the Darcy-Brinkman model and the thermal field by two energy equations model. A dimensionless formulation is developed for performing a parametric study based on certain dimensionless groups such as, the Biot interstitial number, the thermal conductivity ratio and the volumetric heat generation, q '''. The governing equations are solved using the finite volume method, gave rise to a multitude of results concerning in particular the thermal field in the porous channel and the existence or not of the local thermal equilibrium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mixed%20convection" title="Mixed convection">Mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=porous%20medium" title=" porous medium"> porous medium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=power%0D%0Ageneration" title=" power generation"> power generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=local%20thermal%20non%20equilibrium%20model." title=" local thermal non equilibrium model."> local thermal non equilibrium model.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001939/study-of-mixed-convection-in-a-vertical-channel-filled-with-a-reactive-porous-medium-in-the-absence-of-local-thermal-equilibrium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001939/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001939/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001939/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001939/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001939/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001939/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001939/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001939/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001939/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001939/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1585</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">338</span> Equilibrium Modeling of Cu and Ni Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Influence of Salinity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1%20Bakal%C3%A1r">Tomáš Bakalár</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Milan%20B%C3%BAgel"> Milan Búgel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Henrieta%20Pavolov%C3%A1"> Henrieta Pavolová</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study deals with evaluation of influence of salinity (NaCl) onto equilibrium of Cu and Ni removal from aqueous solutions by natural sorbent – zeolite. Equilibrium data were obtained by batch experiments. The salinity of the aqueous solution was influenced by dissolving NaCl in distilled water. It was studied in the range of NaCl concentrations from 1 g.l-1 to 100g.l-1. For Cu sorption there is a significant influence of salinity. The maximum capacity of zeolite for Cu was decreasing with growing concentration of NaCl. For Ni sorption there is not so significant influence of salinity as for Cu. The maximum capacity of zeolite for Ni was slightly decreasing with growing concentration of NaCl.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cu" title="Cu">Cu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ni" title=" Ni"> Ni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sorption" title=" sorption"> sorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=zeolite." title=" zeolite."> zeolite.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/equilibrium-modeling-of-cu-and-ni-removal-from-aqueous-solutions-influence-of-salinity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">337</span> Method of Parameter Calibration for Error Term in Stochastic User Equilibrium Traffic Assignment Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xiang%20Zhang">Xiang Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=David%20Rey"> David Rey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Travis%20Waller"> S. Travis Waller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE) model is a widely used traffic assignment model in transportation planning, which is regarded more advanced than Deterministic User Equilibrium (DUE) model. However, a problem exists that the performance of the SUE model depends on its error term parameter. The objective of this paper is to propose a systematic method of determining the appropriate error term parameter value for the SUE model. First, the significance of the parameter is explored through a numerical example. Second, the parameter calibration method is developed based on the Logit-based route choice model. The calibration process is realized through multiple nonlinear regression, using sequential quadratic programming combined with least square method. Finally, case analysis is conducted to demonstrate the application of the calibration process and validate the better performance of the SUE model calibrated by the proposed method compared to the SUE models under other parameter values and the DUE model.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parameter%20calibration" title="Parameter calibration">Parameter calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sequential%20quadratic%0D%0Aprogramming" title=" sequential quadratic programming"> sequential quadratic programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stochastic%20User%20Equilibrium" title=" Stochastic User Equilibrium"> Stochastic User Equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=traffic%20assignment" title=" traffic assignment"> traffic assignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transportation%20planning." title=" transportation planning."> transportation planning.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999807/method-of-parameter-calibration-for-error-term-in-stochastic-user-equilibrium-traffic-assignment-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999807/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999807/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999807/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999807/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999807/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999807/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999807/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999807/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999807/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999807/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">336</span> Estimating the Absorption of Volatile Organic Compounds in Four Biodiesels Using the UNIFAC Procedure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Corina%20M%20Mateescu">Corina M Mateescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Edison%20Muzenda"> Edison Muzenda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Belaid"> Mohamed Belaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saka%20Abdulkareem"> Saka Abdulkareem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ayo%20S%20Afolabi"> Ayo S Afolabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work considered the thermodynamic feasibility of scrubbing volatile organic compounds into biodiesel in view of designing a gas treatment process with this absorbent. A detailed vapour – liquid equilibrium investigation was performed using the original UNIFAC group contribution method. The four biodiesels studied in this work are methyl oleate, methyl palmitate, methyl linolenate and ethyl stearate. The original UNIFAC procedure was used to estimate the infinite dilution activity coefficients of 13 selected volatile organic compounds in the biodiesels. The calculations were done at the VOC mole fraction of 9.213x10-8. Ethyl stearate gave the most favourable phase equilibrium. A close agreement was found between the infinite dilution activity coefficient of toluene found in this work and those reported in literature. Thermodynamic models can efficiently be used to calculate vast amount of phase equilibrium behaviour using limited number of experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Equilibrium" title=" Equilibrium"> Equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gas%20treatment" title=" Gas treatment"> Gas treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Infinitedilution" title=" Infinitedilution"> Infinitedilution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermodynamic" title=" Thermodynamic"> Thermodynamic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7164/estimating-the-absorption-of-volatile-organic-compounds-in-four-biodiesels-using-the-unifac-procedure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7164/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7164/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7164/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7164/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7164/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7164/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7164/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7164/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7164/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7164/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7164.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1882</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">335</span> Existence and Globally Exponential Stability of Equilibrium for BAM Neural Networks with Mixed Delays and Impulses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xiaomei%20Wang">Xiaomei Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shouming%20Zhong"> Shouming Zhong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, a class of generalized bi-directional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with mixed delays is investigated. On the basis of Lyapunov stability theory and contraction mapping theorem, some new sufficient conditions are established for the existence and uniqueness and globally exponential stability of equilibrium, which generalize and improve the previously known results. One example is given to show the feasibility and effectiveness of our results.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bi-directional%20associative%20memory%20%28BAM%29%20neural%20networks" title="Bi-directional associative memory (BAM) neural networks">Bi-directional associative memory (BAM) neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mixed%20delays" title=" mixed delays"> mixed delays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lyapunov%20stability%20theory" title=" Lyapunov stability theory"> Lyapunov stability theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=contraction%20mapping%20theorem" title=" contraction mapping theorem"> contraction mapping theorem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=existence" title=" existence"> existence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=equilibrium" title=" equilibrium"> equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=globally%20exponential%20stability." title=" globally exponential stability."> globally exponential stability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13517/existence-and-globally-exponential-stability-of-equilibrium-for-bam-neural-networks-with-mixed-delays-and-impulses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13517/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13517/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13517/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13517/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13517/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13517/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13517/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13517/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13517/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13517/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">334</span> Investigating the Transformer Operating Conditions for Evaluating the Dielectric Response</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jalal%20M.%20Abdallah">Jalal M. Abdallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an experimental investigation of transformer dielectric response and solid insulation water content. The dielectric response was carried out on the base of Hybrid Frequency Dielectric Spectroscopy and Polarization Current measurements method (FDS &PC). The calculation of the water content in paper is based on the water content in oil and the obtained equilibrium curves. A reference measurements were performed at equilibrium conditions for water content in oil and paper of transformer at different stable temperatures (25, 50, 60 and 70°C) to prepare references to evaluate the insulation behavior at the not equilibrium conditions. Some measurements performed at the different simulated normal working modes of transformer operation at the same temperature where the equilibrium conditions. The obtained results show that when transformer temperature is mach more than the its ambient temperature, the transformer temperature decreases immediately after disconnecting the transformer from the network and this temperature reduction influences the transformer insulation condition in the measuring process. In addition to the oil temperature at the near places to the sensors, the temperature uniformity in transformer which can be changed by a big change in the load of transformer before the measuring time will influence the result. The investigations have shown that the extremely influence of the time between disconnecting the transformer and beginning the measurements on the results. And the online monitoring for water content in paper measurements, on the basis of the oil water content on line monitoring and the obtained equilibrium curves. The measurements where performed continuously and for about 50 days without any disconnection in the prepared the adiabatic room. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Conductivity" title="Conductivity">Conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Moisture" title=" Moisture"> Moisture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Temperature" title=" Temperature"> Temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oil-paperinsulation" title=" Oil-paperinsulation"> Oil-paperinsulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Online%20monitoring" title=" Online monitoring"> Online monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Water%20content%20in%20oil." title=" Water content in oil."> Water content in oil.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10601/investigating-the-transformer-operating-conditions-for-evaluating-the-dielectric-response" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10601/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10601/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10601/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10601/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10601/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10601/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10601/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10601/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10601/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10601/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2647</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">333</span> Bifurcation and Stability Analysis of the Dynamics of Cholera Model with Controls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20E.%20Madubueze">C. E. Madubueze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20C.%20Madubueze"> S. C. Madubueze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Ajama"> S. Ajama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cholera is a disease that is predominately common in developing countries due to poor sanitation and overcrowding population. In this paper, a deterministic model for the dynamics of cholera is developed and control measures such as health educational message, therapeutic treatment, and vaccination are incorporated in the model. The effective reproduction number is computed in terms of the model parameters. The existence and stability of the equilibrium states, disease free and endemic equilibrium states are established and showed to be locally and globally asymptotically stable when R0 < 1 and R0 > 1 respectively. The existence of backward bifurcation of the model is investigated. Furthermore, numerical simulation of the model developed is carried out to show the impact of the control measures and the result indicates that combined control measures will help to reduce the spread of cholera in the population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Backward%20bifurcation" title="Backward bifurcation">Backward bifurcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cholera" title=" cholera"> cholera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=equilibrium" title=" equilibrium"> equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dynamics" title=" dynamics"> dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stability." title=" stability."> stability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002656/bifurcation-and-stability-analysis-of-the-dynamics-of-cholera-model-with-controls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002656/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002656/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002656/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002656/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002656/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002656/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002656/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002656/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002656/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002656/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2750</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">332</span> Playing Games with Genetic Algorithms: Application on Price-QoS Competition in Telecommunications Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M%E2%80%99hamed%20Outanoute">M’hamed Outanoute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Baslam"> Mohamed Baslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Belaid%20Bouikhalene"> Belaid Bouikhalene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The customers use the best compromise criterion between price and quality of service (QoS) to select or change their Service Provider (SP). The SPs share the same market and are competing to attract more customers to gain more profit. Due to the divergence of SPs interests, we believe that this situation is a non-cooperative game of price and QoS. The game converges to an equilibrium position known Nash Equilibrium (NE). In this work, we formulate a game theoretic framework for the dynamical behaviors of SPs. We use Genetic Algorithms (GAs) to find the price and QoS strategies that maximize the profit for each SP and illustrate the corresponding strategy in NE. In order to quantify how this NE point is performant, we perform a detailed analysis of the price of anarchy induced by the NE solution. Finally, we provide an extensive numerical study to point out the importance of considering price and QoS as a joint decision parameter.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pricing" title="Pricing">Pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=QoS" title=" QoS"> QoS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Market%20share%20game" title=" Market share game"> Market share game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Genetic%20algorithms" title=" Genetic algorithms"> Genetic algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nash%20equilibrium" title=" Nash equilibrium"> Nash equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Learning" title=" Learning"> Learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Price%20of%20anarchy." title=" Price of anarchy."> Price of anarchy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002944/playing-games-with-genetic-algorithms-application-on-price-qos-competition-in-telecommunications-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002944/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002944/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002944/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002944/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002944/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002944/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002944/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002944/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002944/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002944/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1805</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">331</span> Growth, Population, Exports and Wagner's Law: A Case Study of Pakistan (1972-2007)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Hussain">T. Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Iqbal"> A. Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20W.%20Siddiqi"> M. W. Siddiqi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The objective of this study is to examine the validity of Wagner-s law and relationship between economic growth, population and export for Pakistan. The ARDL Bounds cointegration and ECM are utilized for long and short run equilibrium for the period of 1972-2007. Population has considerable role in an economy and exports are the main source to raise the GDP. With the increase in GDP, the government expenditures may or may not increase. The empirical results indicate that the Wagner-s Law does hold, as economic growth is significantly and positively correlated with government expenditures. However, population and exports have also significant and positive impact on government expenditures both in short and long run. The significant and negative coefficient of error correction term in ECM indicates that after a shock, the long rum equilibrium will again converge towards equilibrium about 70.82 percent within a year.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ARDL%20Cointegration" title="ARDL Cointegration">ARDL Cointegration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Growth" title=" Growth"> Growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wagner%27s%20law." title=" Wagner's law."> Wagner's law.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5312/growth-population-exports-and-wagners-law-a-case-study-of-pakistan-1972-2007" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5312/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5312/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5312/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5312/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5312/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5312/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5312/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5312/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5312/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5312/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">330</span> Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibria of Mesitylene + 1- Heptanol and Mesitylene +1-Octanol at 97.3 kPa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seema%20Kapoor">Seema Kapoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sushil%20K.%20Kansal"> Sushil K. Kansal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Baljinder%20K.%20Gill"> Baljinder K. Gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aarti%20Sharma"> Aarti Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Swati%20Arora"> Swati Arora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements are reported for the binary mixtures of Mesitylene + 1-Heptanol and Mesitylene + 1-Octanol at 97.3 kPa. The measurements have been performed using a vapor recirculating type (modified Othmer's) equilibrium still. Both the mixtures show positive deviation from ideality. The Mesitylene + 1-Heptanol mixture forms an azeotrope whereas Mesitylene + 1- Octanol form a non – azeotropic mixture. The activity coefficients have been calculated taking into consideration the vapor phase nonideality. The data satisfy the thermodynamic consistency tests of Herington, and Hirata. The activity coefficients have been satisfactorily correlated by means of the Margules, Redlich-Kister, Wilson, Black, and NRTL equations. The activity coefficient values have also been obtained by UNIFAC method.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Binary%20mixture" title="Binary mixture">Binary mixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mesitylene" title=" Mesitylene"> Mesitylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vapor-liquid%0D%0Aequilibrium" title=" Vapor-liquid equilibrium"> Vapor-liquid equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=1-Heptanol" title=" 1-Heptanol"> 1-Heptanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=1-Octanol." title=" 1-Octanol."> 1-Octanol.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4569/isobaric-vapor-liquid-equilibria-of-mesitylene-1-heptanol-and-mesitylene-1-octanol-at-973-kpa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4569/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4569/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4569/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4569/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4569/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4569/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4569/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4569/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4569/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4569/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1945</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">329</span> Determination of Sequential Best Replies in N-player Games by Genetic Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mattheos%20K.%20Protopapas">Mattheos K. Protopapas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Elias%20B.%20Kosmatopoulos"> Elias B. Kosmatopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>An iterative algorithm is proposed and tested in Cournot Game models, which is based on the convergence of sequential best responses and the utilization of a genetic algorithm for determining each player-s best response to a given strategy profile of its opponents. An extra outer loop is used, to address the problem of finite accuracy, which is inherent in genetic algorithms, since the set of feasible values in such an algorithm is finite. The algorithm is tested in five Cournot models, three of which have convergent best replies sequence, one with divergent sequential best replies and one with “local NE traps"[14], where classical local search algorithms fail to identify the Nash Equilibrium. After a series of simulations, we conclude that the algorithm proposed converges to the Nash Equilibrium, with any level of accuracy needed, in all but the case where the sequential best replies process diverges.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Best%20response" title="Best response">Best response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cournot%20oligopoly" title=" Cournot oligopoly"> Cournot oligopoly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=genetic%20algorithms" title=" genetic algorithms"> genetic algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nash%20equilibrium." title=" Nash equilibrium."> Nash equilibrium.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10735/determination-of-sequential-best-replies-in-n-player-games-by-genetic-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10735/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10735/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10735/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10735/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10735/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10735/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10735/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10735/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10735/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10735/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">328</span> Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Lead Adsorption on Activated Carbon Derived from Mangrove Propagule Waste by Phosphoric Acid Activation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Widi%20Astuti">Widi Astuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rizki%20Agus%20Hermawan"> Rizki Agus Hermawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hariono%20Mukti"> Hariono Mukti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Retno%20Sugiyono"> Nurul Retno Sugiyono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The removal of lead ion (Pb<sup>2+</sup>) from aqueous solution by activated carbon with phosphoric acid activation employing mangrove propagule as precursor was investigated in a batch adsorption system. Batch studies were carried out to address various experimental parameters including pH and contact time. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were able to describe the adsorption equilibrium, while the pseudo first order and pseudo second order models were used to describe kinetic process of Pb<sup>2+</sup> adsorption. The results show that the adsorption data are seen in accordance with Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetic model.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Activated%20carbon" title="Activated carbon">Activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=equilibrium" title=" equilibrium"> equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=kinetic" title=" kinetic"> kinetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pb2%2B" title=" Pb2+"> Pb2+</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mangrove%20propagule." title=" mangrove propagule."> mangrove propagule.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/equilibrium-and-kinetic-studies-of-lead-adsorption-on-activated-carbon-derived-from-mangrove-propagule-waste-by-phosphoric-acid-activation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009131/ris" 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