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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lunisolar calendar of Vietnam</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_19_calendar_(1944)_B%C3%B9i_Quang_Tu%E1%BA%A5n.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_19_calendar_%281944%29_B%C3%B9i_Quang_Tu%E1%BA%A5n.png/220px-B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_19_calendar_%281944%29_B%C3%B9i_Quang_Tu%E1%BA%A5n.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_19_calendar_%281944%29_B%C3%B9i_Quang_Tu%E1%BA%A5n.png/330px-B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_19_calendar_%281944%29_B%C3%B9i_Quang_Tu%E1%BA%A5n.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_19_calendar_%281944%29_B%C3%B9i_Quang_Tu%E1%BA%A5n.png/440px-B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_19_calendar_%281944%29_B%C3%B9i_Quang_Tu%E1%BA%A5n.png 2x" data-file-width="1764" data-file-height="1421" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Calendar_(stationery)" title="Calendar (stationery)">calendar</a> issued for the year <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i" title="Bảo Đại">Bảo Đại</a> 19 (1944), entitled "Đại Nam Hiệp Kỷ Calendar of Giáp Thân (Wood <a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>) year Bảo Đại 19" (大南保大十九年歲次甲申協紀曆, <i>Đại Nam Bảo Đại thập cửu niên tuế thứ Giáp Thân hiệp kỷ lịch</i>) showing all the national holidays and observations of the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Vietnamese calendar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">âm lịch</i>; <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a>: <span style="font-style:normal;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1051880798">.mw-parser-output .vi-nom{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Nom Na Tong","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","HAN NOM A","HAN NOM B","Han-Nom Kai","TH-Khaai-TP0","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP0","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP0","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP0","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP0","TH-Ming-JP2","Sun-ExtA","Sun-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-UNI-H","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinA","HanaMinB","HanaMin","MingLiU","MingLiU-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB","FZKaiT-Extended","FZKaiT-Extended(SIP)",sans-serif}.mw-parser-output .vi-nom.ext{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP2","BabelStone Han","Sun-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinB","Han-Nom Kai",sans-serif}</style><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">陰曆</span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">lunisolar calendar</a> that is mostly based on the lunisolar <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a>. As <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>'s official calendar has been the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> since 1954,<sup id="cite_ref-vietnamjourneys_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vietnamjourneys-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Vietnamese calendar is used mainly to observe lunisolar holidays and commemorations, such as <a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt_Nguy%C3%AAn_%C4%90%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Tết Nguyên Đán">Tết Nguyên Đán</a> and <a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt_Trung_Thu" title="Tết Trung Thu">Tết Trung Thu</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_developments">Historical developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_calendar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t_C%E1%BA%A3nh_H%C6%B0ng_th%E1%BA%ADp_c%E1%BB%ADu_ni%C3%AAn_tu%E1%BA%BF_th%E1%BB%A9_M%E1%BA%ADu_D%E1%BA%A7n_Kh%C3%A2m_Th%E1%BB%A5_l%E1%BB%8Bch_%E5%A4%A7%E8%B6%8A%E6%99%AF%E8%88%88%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%B3%E6%AC%A1%E6%88%8A%E5%AF%85%E6%AC%BD%E6%8E%88%E6%9B%86.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t_C%E1%BA%A3nh_H%C6%B0ng_th%E1%BA%ADp_c%E1%BB%ADu_ni%C3%AAn_tu%E1%BA%BF_th%E1%BB%A9_M%E1%BA%ADu_D%E1%BA%A7n_Kh%C3%A2m_Th%E1%BB%A5_l%E1%BB%8Bch_%E5%A4%A7%E8%B6%8A%E6%99%AF%E8%88%88%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%B3%E6%AC%A1%E6%88%8A%E5%AF%85%E6%AC%BD%E6%8E%88%E6%9B%86.png/220px-%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t_C%E1%BA%A3nh_H%C6%B0ng_th%E1%BA%ADp_c%E1%BB%ADu_ni%C3%AAn_tu%E1%BA%BF_th%E1%BB%A9_M%E1%BA%ADu_D%E1%BA%A7n_Kh%C3%A2m_Th%E1%BB%A5_l%E1%BB%8Bch_%E5%A4%A7%E8%B6%8A%E6%99%AF%E8%88%88%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%B3%E6%AC%A1%E6%88%8A%E5%AF%85%E6%AC%BD%E6%8E%88%E6%9B%86.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t_C%E1%BA%A3nh_H%C6%B0ng_th%E1%BA%ADp_c%E1%BB%ADu_ni%C3%AAn_tu%E1%BA%BF_th%E1%BB%A9_M%E1%BA%ADu_D%E1%BA%A7n_Kh%C3%A2m_Th%E1%BB%A5_l%E1%BB%8Bch_%E5%A4%A7%E8%B6%8A%E6%99%AF%E8%88%88%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%B3%E6%AC%A1%E6%88%8A%E5%AF%85%E6%AC%BD%E6%8E%88%E6%9B%86.png/330px-%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t_C%E1%BA%A3nh_H%C6%B0ng_th%E1%BA%ADp_c%E1%BB%ADu_ni%C3%AAn_tu%E1%BA%BF_th%E1%BB%A9_M%E1%BA%ADu_D%E1%BA%A7n_Kh%C3%A2m_Th%E1%BB%A5_l%E1%BB%8Bch_%E5%A4%A7%E8%B6%8A%E6%99%AF%E8%88%88%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%B3%E6%AC%A1%E6%88%8A%E5%AF%85%E6%AC%BD%E6%8E%88%E6%9B%86.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t_C%E1%BA%A3nh_H%C6%B0ng_th%E1%BA%ADp_c%E1%BB%ADu_ni%C3%AAn_tu%E1%BA%BF_th%E1%BB%A9_M%E1%BA%ADu_D%E1%BA%A7n_Kh%C3%A2m_Th%E1%BB%A5_l%E1%BB%8Bch_%E5%A4%A7%E8%B6%8A%E6%99%AF%E8%88%88%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%B3%E6%AC%A1%E6%88%8A%E5%AF%85%E6%AC%BD%E6%8E%88%E6%9B%86.png/440px-%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t_C%E1%BA%A3nh_H%C6%B0ng_th%E1%BA%ADp_c%E1%BB%ADu_ni%C3%AAn_tu%E1%BA%BF_th%E1%BB%A9_M%E1%BA%ADu_D%E1%BA%A7n_Kh%C3%A2m_Th%E1%BB%A5_l%E1%BB%8Bch_%E5%A4%A7%E8%B6%8A%E6%99%AF%E8%88%88%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%B3%E6%AC%A1%E6%88%8A%E5%AF%85%E6%AC%BD%E6%8E%88%E6%9B%86.png 2x" data-file-width="4539" data-file-height="3366" /></a><figcaption>A calendar used during the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a>, titled Đại Việt <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Hi%E1%BB%83n_T%C3%B4ng" title="Lê Hiển Tông">Cảnh Hưng</a> thập cửu niên tuế thứ Mậu Dần Khâm Thụ lịch 大越景興十九年歳次戊寅欽授曆 (1758).</figcaption></figure> <p>After Vietnam regained independence following the <a href="/wiki/Third_Chinese_domination_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Chinese domination of Vietnam">third Chinese domination of Vietnam</a>, the following dynasties established their own calendars based on Chinese prototypes, and every subsequent dynasty had appointed officers to man and create the calendar to be used in the realm.<sup id="cite_ref-vietnamjourneys_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vietnamjourneys-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t_s%E1%BB%AD_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c" title="Đại Việt sử lược">Đại Việt sử lược</a></i> historical chronicles, the Vietnamese rulers started building astronomical/astrological facilities in the capital Thăng Long (<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a>: <span style="font-style:normal;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">昇龍</span></span>; i.e. modern <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>) as early as 1029.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1324, the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> introduced the Thụ Thời (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">授時</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">shòu shí</span></i>) calendar to the <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Trần dynasty">Trần dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-historyNonWestern_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historyNonWestern-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width: 120px;">Calendar name</th> <th style="width: 80px;">Year in use </th> <th>Dynasties </th> <th>Offices</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td>1080-1324 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Trần dynasty">Trần dynasty</a> </td> <td>Chính Dương Lâu 正陽樓 (building), Unknown </td> <td>Calender was calculated based on the methods of the Song dynasty. But it contains some differences in dates. Hoàng Xuân Hãn notes there were five differences in years with three of them containing leap months (tháng nhuận). A complete calendar has yet to be found. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thụ Thời 授時</td> <td>1324–1339 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Trần dynasty">Trần dynasty</a> </td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>It was introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Trần dynasty">Trần dynasty</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hiệp Kỷ 協紀 </td> <td>1339–1401 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Trần dynasty">Trần dynasty</a> </td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>A name change with no changes to calculation methods.<sup id="cite_ref-historyNonWestern_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historyNonWestern-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thuận Thiên 順天</td> <td>1401–1413 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_dynasty" title="Hồ dynasty">Hồ dynasty</a> </td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>Hiệp Kỷ calendar abolished, with Thuận Thiên replacing it. There was no documentation on the difference between the two.<sup id="cite_ref-historyNonWestern_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historyNonWestern-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Khâm Thụ 欽授</td> <td>1413–1812 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a> </td> <td>Tư Thiên Giám 司天鑑</td> <td>Introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> in 1369, during the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Chinese_domination_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam">Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam</a>, the Ming administration in Vietnam used the Datong calendar. At the start of the Vietnamese <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a> in 1428, the end of Chinese domination over Vietnam, the calendar was not changed.<sup id="cite_ref-historyNonWestern_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historyNonWestern-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The calendar was calculated using the same method as the Datong calendar. But there were differences in the calendar, the calendar had three leap months compared to the Chinese calendar which had two. Mostly likely due to longitude differences. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thời Hiến 時憲 </td> <td>1789-1802 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_S%C6%A1n_dynasty" title="Tây Sơn dynasty">Tây Sơn dynasty</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>The calendar recorded in the book Lịch đại niên kỷ bách trúng kinh 曆代年紀百中經 was shown to be the same calendar used by the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. However, it is not well researched as the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> burned many documents from that time. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vạn Toàn 萬全 </td> <td>1631–1812 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_lords" title="Nguyễn lords">Nguyễn lords</a>, early <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> </td> <td>Chiêm Hầu Tư 占侯司 </td> <td>This calendar existed alongside the Khâm Thụ 欽授 calendar that was used by the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a> and the Thời Hiến 時憲 calendar used by the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_S%C6%A1n_dynasty" title="Tây Sơn dynasty">Tây Sơn dynasty</a> which was recorded in the book, Lịch đại niên kỷ bách trúng kinh 曆代年紀百中經. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hiệp Kỷ 協紀</td> <td>1813–1840 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> </td> <td>Khâm Thiên Giám 欽天鑑</td> <td>Hiệp Kỷ is not to be confused with its earlier namesake. The <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> adopted the methods used by the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> in 1812. Nguyễn Hữu Thận was an envoy to China, he brought back the book, Đại Thanh lịch tượng khảo thành thư 大清曆象考成書. The Hiệp Kỷ 協紀 calendar was modelled on the methods (Thời Hiến; 時憲) found in the book.<sup id="cite_ref-historyNonWestern_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historyNonWestern-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gregorian (dương lịch; 陽曆)</td> <td>early 19th century </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> </td> <td>Khâm Thiên Giám 欽天鑑</td> <td>The Gregorian calendar was introduced by the French, and was used in Vietnamese administrative offices at the same time as the Hiệp Kỷ calendar, which remained in use by the Vietnamese royal court.<sup id="cite_ref-vietnamjourneys_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vietnamjourneys-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hiệp Kỷ 協紀</td> <td>1841–1954 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> </td> <td>Khâm Thiên Giám 欽天鑑</td> <td>Beginning in 1841, Hiệp Kỷ began to differ from Shíxiàn due to longitudinal differences between Vietnam and China.<sup id="cite_ref-historyNonWestern_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historyNonWestern-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Beginning in 1954, Vietnamese administrative offices officially used the Gregorian calendar, while the civilian populace continued to use a variety of local calendars derived from French, Chinese and Japanese sources, including the Hiệp Kỷ calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-vietnamjourneys_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vietnamjourneys-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 August 1967, the <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnamese</a> government issued a decree to change Vietnamese standard time from UTC+8 to UTC+7, as well as make the Gregorian calendar the sole official calendar, restricting lunisolar calendar use to holidays and commemorations. Southern Vietnam would later join this change at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> in 1975. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Differences_from_the_Chinese_calendar">Differences from the Chinese calendar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_calendar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Differences from the Chinese calendar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chinese calendar is based on astronomical observations and is therefore dependent on what is considered the local standard time. North Vietnam switched from UTC+8 to UTC+7 on 8 August 1967, with southern Vietnam doing likewise in 1975 at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. As a result of the shift, North and South Vietnam celebrated <a href="/wiki/Tet_Offensive" title="Tet Offensive">Tết 1968</a> on different days.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This effect would see the <a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">solstice</a> falling on 21 December in <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, while it was 22 December for <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>. </p><p>As the 11th month of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a> must contain the winter solstice, it is not the month from 23 November 1984 to 21 December 1984 as per the Vietnamese calendar, but rather the one from 22 December 1984 to 20 January 1985. The effect of this is that the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_New_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese New Year">Vietnamese New Year</a> would fall on 21 January 1985, whereas the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> would fall on 20 February 1985, a one-month difference. The two calendars agreed again after a leap month lasting from 21 March to 19 April of that year was inserted into the Vietnamese calendar. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_zodiac" title="Vietnamese zodiac">Vietnamese zodiac</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cat_(zodiac)" title="Cat (zodiac)">cat</a> replaces the <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a>. So, a child born in the Chinese year of the <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a> will be born in the Vietnamese year of the Cat (<i>mẹo</i>/<i>mão</i>). The Vietnamese zodiac uses the same animals as the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a> for the remaining 11 years, though the <a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a> is usually considered to be a <a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo_(zodiac)" title="Water buffalo (zodiac)">water buffalo</a> (<i>sửu</i>/<i>trâu</i>) in the Vietnamese zodiac. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_calendar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TamThienTuGiaiAm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/TamThienTuGiaiAm.jpg/220px-TamThienTuGiaiAm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/TamThienTuGiaiAm.jpg/330px-TamThienTuGiaiAm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/TamThienTuGiaiAm.jpg/440px-TamThienTuGiaiAm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1701" /></a><figcaption>The title page of the book, <a href="/wiki/Tam_thi%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%B1" title="Tam thiên tự">Tam thiên tự giải âm</a>, with the date published being listed on the right.</figcaption></figure> <p>The title page lists the publishing date, "皇朝辛卯年孟秋上浣新刊" (<i>Hoàng triều Tân mão niên mạnh thu thượng hoán tân san</i>) on the right of the title (三千字解音). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Text </th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>皇朝 Hoàng triều </td> <td>Imperial court/dynasty </td></tr> <tr> <td>辛卯年 Tân Mão niên </td> <td>The 28th Can Chi 干支 (<a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">Sexagenary cycle</a>) which corresponds to the year 1831 in the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>孟秋上 Mạnh thu thượng </td> <td>The first half of the autumn season, can be interpreted as early autumn </td></tr> <tr> <td>浣新刊 Hoán tân san </td> <td>Newly published edition </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The date can be translated as "In the Tân Mão (辛卯) year of the imperial dynasty, during the early autumn, a newly published edition [is released]." (1831)</li> <li>Typically other books will denote the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_era_name" title="Vietnamese era name">era name</a> of the emperors' reign in the publishing date such as the date in book, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10099861h/f2.item.r=Vietnamien">千字文解音 Thiên tự văn giải âm</a>, where the date listed is as "成泰庚寅年孟春上浣新刊" (<i><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_Th%C3%A1i" title="Thành Thái">Thành Thái</a> canh dần niên mạnh xuân thượng hoán tân san</i>). It can be translated as "In the Canh Dần (庚寅) year during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_Th%C3%A1i" title="Thành Thái">Thành Thái</a>, during the early spring, a newly published edition [is released]." (1890).</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E5%A0%B1%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8D%E7%B6%93titlepage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A0%B1%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8D%E7%B6%93titlepage.jpg/220px-%E5%A4%A7%E5%A0%B1%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8D%E7%B6%93titlepage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A0%B1%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8D%E7%B6%93titlepage.jpg/330px-%E5%A4%A7%E5%A0%B1%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8D%E7%B6%93titlepage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A0%B1%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8D%E7%B6%93titlepage.jpg/440px-%E5%A4%A7%E5%A0%B1%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8D%E7%B6%93titlepage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2676" data-file-height="4132" /></a><figcaption>The title page of Đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh 大報父母恩重經, which has the publishing date on the right.</figcaption></figure> <p>The title page lists the publishing date, "紹治柒年柒月朔日重刊" (<i><a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%87u_Tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Thiệu Trị">Thiệu Trị</a> thất niên thất nguyệt sóc nhật trùng san</i>) on the right of the title (大報父母恩重經). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Text </th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>紹治 <a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%87u_Tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Thiệu Trị">Thiệu Trị</a> </td> <td>Era name of the emperor <a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%87u_Tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Thiệu Trị">Thiệu Trị</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>柒年 Thất niên </td> <td>Seventh year of his reign </td></tr> <tr> <td>柒月 Thất nguyệt </td> <td>Seventh month of year </td></tr> <tr> <td>朔日 Sóc nhật </td> <td>First day of the month </td></tr> <tr> <td>重刊 Trùng san </td> <td>Republished edition </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The date can be translated as "On the first day of the seventh month in the seventh year of the <a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%87u_Tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Thiệu Trị">Thiệu Trị</a> era, a republished edition [is released]." (11 August 1847)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_calendar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnamese_reign_era_date_(B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_1-10-%E5%88%9D10)_and_Gregorian_calendar_date_(1926-10-23)_-_Annam_nh%C6%B0_T%C3%A2y_du_h%E1%BB%8Dc_b%E1%BA%A3o_tr%E1%BB%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_(%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E5%A6%82%E8%A5%BF%E9%81%8A%E5%AD%B8%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A9%E6%9C%83_-_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_d%E2%80%99encouragement_aux_%C3%A9tudes_occidentales).png" class="mw-file-description" title="A paper displaying both the titles of the Resident-Superior of Annam and the head of the Viện cơ mật with the Gregorian date (1926-10-23) and the Vietnamese reign era date (Bảo Đại 1-10-初10)."><img alt="A paper displaying both the titles of the Resident-Superior of Annam and the head of the Viện cơ mật with the Gregorian date (1926-10-23) and the Vietnamese reign era date (Bảo Đại 1-10-初10)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Vietnamese_reign_era_date_%28B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_1-10-%E5%88%9D10%29_and_Gregorian_calendar_date_%281926-10-23%29_-_Annam_nh%C6%B0_T%C3%A2y_du_h%E1%BB%8Dc_b%E1%BA%A3o_tr%E1%BB%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_%28%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E5%A6%82%E8%A5%BF%E9%81%8A%E5%AD%B8%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A9%E6%9C%83_-_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_d%E2%80%99encouragement_aux_%C3%A9tudes_occidentales%29.png/62px-thumbnail.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Vietnamese_reign_era_date_%28B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_1-10-%E5%88%9D10%29_and_Gregorian_calendar_date_%281926-10-23%29_-_Annam_nh%C6%B0_T%C3%A2y_du_h%E1%BB%8Dc_b%E1%BA%A3o_tr%E1%BB%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_%28%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E5%A6%82%E8%A5%BF%E9%81%8A%E5%AD%B8%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A9%E6%9C%83_-_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_d%E2%80%99encouragement_aux_%C3%A9tudes_occidentales%29.png/93px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Vietnamese_reign_era_date_%28B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_1-10-%E5%88%9D10%29_and_Gregorian_calendar_date_%281926-10-23%29_-_Annam_nh%C6%B0_T%C3%A2y_du_h%E1%BB%8Dc_b%E1%BA%A3o_tr%E1%BB%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_%28%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E5%A6%82%E8%A5%BF%E9%81%8A%E5%AD%B8%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A9%E6%9C%83_-_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_d%E2%80%99encouragement_aux_%C3%A9tudes_occidentales%29.png/124px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="1130" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A paper displaying both the titles of the <a href="/wiki/Resident-Superior_of_Annam" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident-Superior of Annam">Resident-Superior of Annam</a> and the head of the <a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87n_c%C6%A1_m%E1%BA%ADt" title="Viện cơ mật">Viện cơ mật</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian date</a> (1926-10-23) and the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_era_name" title="Vietnamese era name">Vietnamese reign era</a> date (<a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i" title="Bảo Đại">Bảo Đại</a> 1-10-初10). </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnamese_regnal_calendar_on_document_issued_by_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_(B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_20_-_1945).png" class="mw-file-description" title="The date on top of a document issued during the Empire of Vietnam period showing both the Vietnamese date (10-05-Bảo Đại 20) and the "Solar" (Gregorian) date (19-06-1945)."><img alt="The date on top of a document issued during the Empire of Vietnam period showing both the Vietnamese date (10-05-Bảo Đại 20) and the "Solar" (Gregorian) date (19-06-1945)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vietnamese_regnal_calendar_on_document_issued_by_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%28B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_20_-_1945%29.png/120px-Vietnamese_regnal_calendar_on_document_issued_by_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%28B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_20_-_1945%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vietnamese_regnal_calendar_on_document_issued_by_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%28B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_20_-_1945%29.png/180px-Vietnamese_regnal_calendar_on_document_issued_by_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%28B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_20_-_1945%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vietnamese_regnal_calendar_on_document_issued_by_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%28B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_20_-_1945%29.png/240px-Vietnamese_regnal_calendar_on_document_issued_by_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%28B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_20_-_1945%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The date on top of a document issued during the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Empire of Vietnam</a> period showing both the Vietnamese date (10-05-Bảo Đại 20) and the "Solar" (Gregorian) date (19-06-1945). </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Piastre_(Nguy%C3%AAn)_-_Republic_of_Annam_(Revolutionary_bond)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A revolutionary bond using the era name Việt Nam Cộng hòa quốc (越南共和國) which was proposed by the Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội for their proposed Republic of Vietnam (越南民國), based on the Republic of China calendar."><img alt="A revolutionary bond using the era name Việt Nam Cộng hòa quốc (越南共和國) which was proposed by the Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội for their proposed Republic of Vietnam (越南民國), based on the Republic of China calendar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/1_Piastre_%28Nguy%C3%AAn%29_-_Republic_of_Annam_%28Revolutionary_bond%29_02.jpg/120px-1_Piastre_%28Nguy%C3%AAn%29_-_Republic_of_Annam_%28Revolutionary_bond%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/1_Piastre_%28Nguy%C3%AAn%29_-_Republic_of_Annam_%28Revolutionary_bond%29_02.jpg/180px-1_Piastre_%28Nguy%C3%AAn%29_-_Republic_of_Annam_%28Revolutionary_bond%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/1_Piastre_%28Nguy%C3%AAn%29_-_Republic_of_Annam_%28Revolutionary_bond%29_02.jpg/240px-1_Piastre_%28Nguy%C3%AAn%29_-_Republic_of_Annam_%28Revolutionary_bond%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Government_bond" title="Government bond">revolutionary bond</a> using the era name <i>Việt Nam Cộng hòa quốc</i> (越南共和國) which was proposed by the <i><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Quang_Ph%E1%BB%A5c_H%E1%BB%99i" title="Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội">Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội</a></i> for their proposed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Annam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic of Annam (page does not exist)">Republic of Vietnam</a> (越南民國), based on the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Republic of China calendar</a>. </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_calendar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">Sexagenary cycle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_calendar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-vietnamjourneys-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vietnamjourneys_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vietnamjourneys_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vietnamjourneys_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vietnamjourneys_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKendall,_Laurel2003" class="citation book cs1">Kendall, Laurel (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vietnamjourneyso00nguy"><i>Vietnam: Journeys of Body, Mind, and Spirit</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vietnamjourneyso00nguy/page/116">116–117</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520238725" title="Special:BookSources/9780520238725"><bdi>9780520238725</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam%3A+Journeys+of+Body%2C+Mind%2C+and+Spirit&rft.pages=116-117&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780520238725&rft.au=Kendall%2C+Laurel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvietnamjourneyso00nguy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolkov2013" class="citation journal cs1">Volkov, Alexei (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/extremeorient/282">"Astrology and Hemerology in Traditional Vietnam"</a>. <i>Extrême-Orient Extrême-Occident</i> (35): 113–140. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fextremeorient.282">10.4000/extremeorient.282</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient+Extr%C3%AAme-Occident&rft.atitle=Astrology+and+Hemerology+in+Traditional+Vietnam&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=113-140&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fextremeorient.282&rft.aulast=Volkov&rft.aufirst=Alexei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fextremeorient%2F282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-historyNonWestern-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-historyNonWestern_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historyNonWestern_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historyNonWestern_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historyNonWestern_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historyNonWestern_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historyNonWestern_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelin,_Helaine2008" class="citation book cs1">Selin, Helaine (2008). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediahis00seli"><i>Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures</i></a></span>. Springer. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediahis00seli/page/n369">356</a>–359. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781402045592" title="Special:BookSources/9781402045592"><bdi>9781402045592</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+History+of+Science%2C+Technology%2C+and+Medicine+in+Non-Western+Cultures&rft.pages=356-359&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781402045592&rft.au=Selin%2C+Helaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopaediahis00seli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNgô1697" class="citation book cs1">Ngô, Sĩ Liên (1697). <i>Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư 大越史記全書</i>. Nội các quan bản 内閣官板. <q>己卯十一年。元至元五年春。改授時曆為懾紀曆。時候儀郎。太史局令鄧輅以前曆皆名授時。請改曰懾。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+Vi%E1%BB%87t+s%E1%BB%AD+k%C3%BD+to%C3%A0n+th%C6%B0+%E5%A4%A7%E8%B6%8A%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8&rft.pub=N%E1%BB%99i+c%C3%A1c+quan+b%E1%BA%A3n+%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3%E5%AE%98%E6%9D%BF&rft.date=1697&rft.aulast=Ng%C3%B4&rft.aufirst=S%C4%A9+Li%C3%AAn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/calendar/cal.pdf">Mathematics of the Chinese calendar</a>, pp. 29–30. (Internet Archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190828014234/https://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/calendar/cal.pdf">copy</a>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Calendars" title="Template:Calendars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Calendars" title="Template talk:Calendars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Calendars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Calendars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Calendars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">Solar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In wide use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_year_numbering" title="Astronomical year numbering">Astronomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Lunar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_week_date" title="ISO week date">ISO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_time" title="Unix time">Unix time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">In more<br />limited use</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_calendar" title="Akan calendar">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_calendar" title="Assamese calendar">Assamese (Bhāshkarābda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí</a> <ul><li>Badí‘</li></ul></li> <li>Bali <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pawukon_calendar" title="Pawukon calendar">Pawukon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Saka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" title="Bengali calendars">Bengali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi calendar">Bangladeshi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borana_calendar" title="Borana calendar">Borana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earthly_Branches" title="Earthly Branches">Earthly Branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Stems" title="Heavenly Stems">Heavenly Stems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Minguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_term" title="Solar term">Solar term</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_holidays" title="Heathen holidays">Germanic heathen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_calendar" title="Georgian calendar">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Saka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_calendar" title="Hmong calendar">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalali_calendar" title="Jalali calendar">Jalali</a> <ul><li>medieval</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Zoroastrian calendar">Zoroastrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_calendar" title="Irish calendar">Irish</a> <ul><li>Gaelic</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasli_calendar" title="Fasli calendar">Fasli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabular_Islamic_calendar" title="Tabular Islamic calendar">Tabular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vira_Nirvana_Samvat" title="Vira Nirvana Samvat">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_calendar" title="Kurdish calendar">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_calendar" title="Lithuanian calendar">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_Panchang" title="Tirhuta Panchang">Maithili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_calendar" title="Malayalam calendar">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_calendar" title="Mandaean calendar">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_calendar" title="Meitei calendar">Manipuri (Meitei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanau_calendar" title="Melanau calendar">Melanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_calendar" title="Mongolian calendar">Mongolian</a></li> <li>Nepal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Sambat" title="Nepal Sambat">Nepal Sambat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yele_Sambat" title="Yele Sambat">Yele Sambat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisga%27a#Nisga’a_calendar/life" title="Nisga'a">Nisg̱a'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_calendar" title="Odia calendar">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_calendar" title="Punjabi calendar">Punjabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_calendar" title="Romanian calendar">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shona_calendar" title="Shona calendar">Shona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_calendar" title="Somali calendar">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_calendar" title="Sotho calendar">Sesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_calendar" title="Slavic calendar">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith%27s_calendars_and_holidays" title="Slavic Native Faith's calendars and holidays">Slavic Native Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_months" title="Macedonian months">Macedonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_calendar" title="Tamil calendar">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_calendar" title="Thai calendar">Thai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_lunar_calendar" title="Thai lunar calendar">lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">solar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_calendar" title="Tripuri calendar">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_calendar" title="Tulu calendar">Tulu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_the_Year" title="Wheel of the Year">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_calendar" title="Xhosa calendar">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_calendar" title="Yoruba calendar">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_calendar" title="Zulu calendar">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runic_calendar" title="Runic calendar">Runic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendars" title="Mesoamerican calendars">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Long_Count_calendar" title="Mesoamerican Long Count calendar">Long Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_round" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar round">Calendar round</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Christian variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian and Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Julian_calendar" title="Revised Julian calendar">Revised</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Eastern Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabian_calendar" title="Pre-Islamic Arabian calendar">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar">Aztec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dnalp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Tōnalpōhualli">Tōnalpōhualli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiuhp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Xiuhpōhualli">Xiuhpōhualli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_calendar" title="Babylonian calendar">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar_calendar" title="Bulgar calendar">Bulgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_calendar" title="Cappadocian calendar">Cappadocian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_calendar" title="Cham calendar">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Sakarat" title="Chula Sakarat">Culāsakaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coligny_calendar" title="Coligny calendar">Coligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_calendar" title="Egyptian calendar">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_calendar" title="Enoch calendar">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_calendar" title="Florentine calendar">Florentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Republican_calendar" title="French Republican calendar">French Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic calendar">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_calendars" title="Ancient Greek calendars">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca calendar">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_calendar" title="Ancient Macedonian calendar">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haab%CA%BC" title="Haabʼ">Haabʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzolk%CA%BCin" title="Tzolkʼin">Tzolkʼin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecontad_calendar" title="Pentecontad calendar">Pentecontad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisan_calendar" title="Pisan calendar">Pisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qumran_calendrical_texts" title="Qumran calendrical texts">Qumran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_calendar" title="Rapa Nui calendar">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_calendar" title="Rumi calendar"><i>Rumi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">Sexagenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_calendar" title="Soviet calendar">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_calendar" title="Swedish calendar">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_renaming_of_Turkmen_months_and_days_of_week" title="2002 renaming of Turkmen months and days of week">Turkmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene</a> <ul><li>anthropological</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" title="Proleptic Gregorian calendar">Proleptic Gregorian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Julian_calendar" title="Proleptic Julian calendar">Proleptic Julian</a> <ul><li>historiographical</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darian_calendar" title="Darian calendar">Darian</a> <ul><li>Martian</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamspell" title="Dreamspell">Dreamspell</a> <ul><li>New Age</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Pataphysics#Pataphysical_calendar" title="'Pataphysics">'Pataphysical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_reform" title="Calendar reform">Reform proposals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanke%E2%80%93Henry_Permanent_Calendar" title="Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar">Hanke–Henry Permanent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fixed_Calendar" title="International Fixed Calendar">International Fixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Calendar" title="Pax Calendar">Pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positivist_calendar" title="Positivist calendar">Positivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetry454" title="Symmetry454">Symmetry454</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Calendar" title="World Calendar">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Displays and<br />applications</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendaring_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendaring software">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_calendar" title="Perpetual calendar">Perpetual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(stationery)" title="Calendar (stationery)">Wall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Year naming<br />and numbering</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoch" title="Epoch">Epoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">Leap year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_year" title="Regnal year">Regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_zero" title="Year zero">Year zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anka_year" title="Anka year">Anka year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a>/<a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Lucis" title="Anno Lucis">Anno Lucis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_the_Martyrs" title="Era of the Martyrs">Anno Martyrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">Anno Mundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym_dating_system" title="Eponym dating system">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">Before Present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_era_name" title="Chinese era name">Chinese Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Chinese Minguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English and British regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">Hijri year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Human (Holocene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_era_name" title="Korean era name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirayana_system" title="Nirayana system">Nirayana system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_era" title="Spanish era">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuga" title="Yuga">Yugas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Yuga" title="Satya Yuga">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treta_Yuga" title="Treta Yuga">Treta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvapara_Yuga" title="Dvapara Yuga">Dvapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_era_name" title="Vietnamese era name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discworld_(world)#Calendar" title="Discworld (world)">Discworld</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Discworld" title="Discworld">Discworld</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanaess#Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Flanaess">Greyhawk</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-earth calendar">Middle-earth</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardate" title="Stardate">Stardate</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_calendars" title="List of calendars">List of calendars</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Calendars" title="Category:Calendars">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vietnam_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vietnam_topics" title="Template:Vietnam topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vietnam_topics" title="Template talk:Vietnam topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vietnam_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vietnam topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vietnam_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vietnam-related_articles" title="Index of Vietnam-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam" title="History of Vietnam">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_capitals_of_Vietnam" title="List of historical capitals of Vietnam">Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_dynasties" title="List of Vietnamese dynasties">Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Vietnam" title="Economic history of Vietnam">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Vietnam" title="Military history of Vietnam">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Vietnam" title="Names of Vietnam">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Vietnam" title="Naval history of Vietnam">Naval</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Timeline" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Vietnamese_history" title="Timeline of Vietnamese history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Prehistoric_period" title="History of Vietnam">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Ancient_period_(2879–111_BC)" title="History of Vietnam">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Chinese_domination_(111_BC–938_AD)" title="History of Vietnam">Chinese dominated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Monarchical_period_(938–1858)" title="History of Vietnam">Monarchical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Modern_period_(1858–present)" title="History of Vietnam">French colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Vietnam (1945–present)">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vietnam" title="Geography of Vietnam">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Vietnam" title="Template:Borders of Vietnam">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Vietnam" title="Climate of Vietnam">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Vietnam" title="Climate change in Vietnam">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Vietnam" title="List of ecoregions in Vietnam">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Vietnam" title="Environmental issues in Vietnam">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Vietnam" title="Protected areas of Vietnam">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Vietnam" title="List of national parks of Vietnam">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Vietnam" title="Wildlife of Vietnam">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Vietnam" title="List of mammals of Vietnam">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Vietnam" title="List of birds of Vietnam">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Vietnam" title="List of non-marine molluscs of Vietnam">Molluscs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_species_in_Vietnam" title="List of endangered species in Vietnam">Endangered species</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Vietnam" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Vietnam">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Subdivisions of Vietnam">Divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district-level_subdivisions_in_Vietnam" title="List of district-level subdivisions in Vietnam">District-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commune-level_subdivisions_(Vietnam)" title="Commune-level subdivisions (Vietnam)">Commune-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_divisions_of_Vietnam" title="Electoral divisions of Vietnam">Electoral units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Vietnam" title="List of regions of Vietnam">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Vietnam" title="Northern Vietnam">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Hong (Red) River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_(Vietnam)" title="Northeast (Vietnam)">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_(Vietnam)" title="Northwest (Vietnam)">Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Vietnam" title="Central Vietnam">Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Coast" title="North Central Coast">North Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_Coast" title="South Central Coast">South Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Vietnam)" title="Central Highlands (Vietnam)">Central Highlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Vietnam" title="Southern Vietnam">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_(Vietnam)" title="Southeast (Vietnam)">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Politics of Vietnam">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Censorship in Vietnam">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Vietnam" title="Constitution of Vietnam">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Fatherland_Front" title="Vietnamese Fatherland Front">Fatherland Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign relations of Vietnam">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Vietnam" title="Human rights in Vietnam">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Vietnam">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vietnam" title="Law of Vietnam">Law</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Member_of_the_Secretariat" title="Permanent Member of the Secretariat">Permanent Member of the Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_officeholders_in_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="List of central officeholders in the Communist Party of Vietnam">History of central officeholders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Politburo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Inspection_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Inspection Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Inspection Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Military Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Vietnam" title="Vice President of Vietnam">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam" title="Government of Vietnam">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam">Deputy Prime Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Ministers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="National Assembly of Vietnam">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_Assembly" title="Standing Committee of the National Assembly">Standing Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Vietnam" title="Elections in Vietnam">Elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Vietnam" title="Judicial system of Vietnam">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam">Supreme People's Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuracy_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam">Supreme People's Procuracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuracy_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam">Procurator-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Courts_of_Vietnam" title="Military Courts of Vietnam">Military Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Vietnam">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Military Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_and_Security_Council" title="National Defense and Security Council">National Defense and Security Council</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Armed forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam#Main_force" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Ground Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Border_Guard" title="Vietnam Border Guard">Border Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy" title="Vietnam People's Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force" title="Vietnam People's Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Coast_Guard" title="Vietnam Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Public Security</a> <br /> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Armed_Forces#Vietnam_Civil_Defense_Force" title="Vietnam People's Armed Forces">Militia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Armed_Forces#Vietnam_Self-Defence_Militia" title="Vietnam People's Armed Forces">Self-Defence Militia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vietnam" title="Economy of Vietnam">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Vietnam" title="Agriculture in Vietnam">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Vietnam" title="Banking in Vietnam">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%95i_M%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đổi Mới"><i>Doi Moi</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">("Renovation")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Vietnamese đồng">Đồng <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Vietnam" title="Energy in Vietnam">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Vietnam" title="Renewable energy in Vietnam">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Vietnam" title="Nuclear power in Vietnam">Nuclear power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Vietnam" title="List of power stations in Vietnam">Power stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Vietnam" title="Foreign aid to Vietnam">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign trade of Vietnam">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Year_Plans_of_Vietnam" title="Five-Year Plans of Vietnam">Five-Year Plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Vietnam" title="Manufacturing in Vietnam">Manufacturing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Standards" title="Vietnam Standards">Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Vietnam" title="Automotive industry in Vietnam">Automotive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Vietnam" title="Poverty in Vietnam">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Vietnam" title="Science and technology in Vietnam">Science and Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_medicine" title="Traditional Vietnamese medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_units_of_measurement" title="Vietnamese units of measurement">Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Vietnamese inventions and discoveries">Inventions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Vietnam" title="Telecommunications in Vietnam">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Vietnam" title="Internet in Vietnam">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Internet censorship in Vietnam">Censorship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Vietnam" title="Tourism in Vietnam">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Vietnam" title="Visa policy of Vietnam">Visa policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Vietnam" title="Transport in Vietnam">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_Vietnam" title="Expressways of Vietnam">Expressways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Vietnam" title="Rail transport in Vietnam">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Vietnam" title="List of airports in Vietnam">Airports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Vietnam" title="Water supply and sanitation in Vietnam">Water supply</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Vietnam" title="Transport in Vietnam">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_transport_in_Vietnam" title="Air transport in Vietnam">Air transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Vietnam" title="Rail transport in Vietnam">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Vietnam" title="Category:Society of Vietnam">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Vietnam" title="Education in Vietnam">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Vietnam" title="List of universities in Vietnam">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Vietnam" title="Health in Vietnam">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Vietnam" title="HIV/AIDS in Vietnam">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">COVID-19</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Vietnam" title="Crime in Vietnam">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Vietnam" title="Gambling in Vietnam">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Vietnam" title="Prostitution in Vietnam">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Vietnam" title="Sex trafficking in Vietnam">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Vietnam" title="Human trafficking in Vietnam">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Vietnam" title="Corruption in Vietnam">Corruption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Vietnam" title="Public holidays in Vietnam">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Vietnam" title="Time in Vietnam">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Vietnam" title="Women in Vietnam">Women</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Vietnam" title="Demographics of Vietnam">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eunuchs_in_Vietnam" title="Eunuchs in Vietnam">Eunuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Vietnamese" title="Overseas Vietnamese">Overseas community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_phonology" title="Vietnamese phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language_and_computers" title="Vietnamese language and computers">Language and computers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="List of ethnic groups in Vietnam">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Vietnam" title="Racism in Vietnam">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Folk religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam" title="Buddhism in Vietnam">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism_in_Vietnam" title="Taoism in Vietnam">Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Vietnam" title="Christianity in Vietnam">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Vietnam" title="Islam in Vietnam">Islam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vietnam" title="Culture of Vietnam">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFn_Qu%C3%A2n_Ca" title="Tiến Quân Ca">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_architecture" title="Vietnamese architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_art" title="Vietnamese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Vietnam" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Vietnam">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_animation" title="Vietnamese animation">Animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing" title="Vietnamese clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_dishes" title="List of Vietnamese dishes">Dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_ingredients" title="List of Vietnamese ingredients">Ingredients</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Vietnam" title="Dance in Vietnam">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Vietnam" title="Emblem of Vietnam">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_traditional_festivals_in_Vietnam" title="List of traditional festivals in Vietnam">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vietnam" title="Flag of Vietnam">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_literature" title="Vietnamese literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_poetry" title="Vietnamese poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_and_mass_media_in_Vietnam" title="Television and mass media in Vietnam">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Television" title="Vietnam Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_News_Agency" title="Vietnam News Agency">News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Vietnam" title="Voice of Vietnam">Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Vietnam" title="List of newspapers in Vietnam">Newspapers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vietnam" title="Music of Vietnam">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V-pop" title="V-pop">V-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_musical_instruments" title="Traditional Vietnamese musical instruments">Traditional musical instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_philosophy" title="Vietnamese philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Vietnam" title="Communism in Vietnam">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_nationalism" title="Vietnamese nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Vietnam" title="Socialism in Vietnam">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism_in_Vietnam" title="Trotskyism in Vietnam">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_Dignity_Theory" title="Person Dignity Theory">Person Dignity Theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Vietnam" title="Sport in Vietnam">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_traditional_games" title="List of Vietnamese traditional games">Traditional games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_martial_arts" title="Vietnamese martial arts">Martial arts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Vietnam" title="National symbols of 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