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Kuruppath</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Sharath Kuruppath"> <meta name="keywords" content="Sharath Kuruppath"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Sharath Kuruppath"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Sharath Kuruppath</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Buck Boost Inverter to Improve the Efficiency and Performance of E-Motor by Reducing the Influence of Voltage Sag of Battery on the Performance of E-Motor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shefeen%20Maliyakkal">Shefeen Maliyakkal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pranav%20Satheesh"> Pranav Satheesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steve%20Simon"> Steve Simon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharath%20Kuruppath"> Sharath Kuruppath</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper researches the impact of battery voltage sag on the performance and efficiency of E-motor in electric cars. Terminal voltage of battery reduces with the S.o.C. This results in the downward shift of torque-speed curve of E-motor and increased copper losses in E-motor. By introducing a buck-boost inverter between the battery and E-motor, an additional degree of freedom was achieved. By boosting the AC voltage, the dependency of voltage sag on the performance of E-motor was eliminated. A strategy was also proposed for the operation of the buck-boost inverter to minimize copper and iron losses in E-motor to maximize efficiency. MATLAB-SIMULINK model of E-drive was used to obtain simulation results. The temperature rise in the E-motor was reduced by 14% for a 10% increase in AC voltage. From the results, it was observed that a 20% increase in AC voltage can result in improvement of running torque and maximum torque of E-motor by 44%. Hence it was concluded that using a buck-boost inverter for E-drive significantly improves both performance and efficiency of E-motor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buck-boost" title="buck-boost">buck-boost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-motor" title=" E-motor"> E-motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery" title=" battery"> battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20sag" title=" voltage sag"> voltage sag</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67508/buck-boost-inverter-to-improve-the-efficiency-and-performance-of-e-motor-by-reducing-the-influence-of-voltage-sag-of-battery-on-the-performance-of-e-motor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Adapted Intersection over Union: A Generalized Metric for Evaluating Unsupervised Classification Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prajwal%20Prakash%20Vasisht">Prajwal Prakash Vasisht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharath%20Rajamurthy"> Sharath Rajamurthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nishanth%20Dara"> Nishanth Dara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a supervised machine learning approach, metrics such as precision, accuracy, and coverage can be calculated using ground truth labels to help in model tuning, evaluation, and selection. In an unsupervised setting, however, where the data has no ground truth, there are few interpretable metrics that can guide us to do the same. Our approach creates a framework to adapt the Intersection over Union metric, referred to as Adapted IoU, usually used to evaluate supervised learning models, into the unsupervised domain, which solves the problem by factoring in subject matter expertise and intuition about the ideal output from the model. This metric essentially provides a scale that allows us to compare the performance across numerous unsupervised models or tune hyper-parameters and compare different versions of the same model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20metric" title="general metric">general metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsupervised%20learning" title=" unsupervised learning"> unsupervised learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection%20over%20union" title=" intersection over union"> intersection over union</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185432/adapted-intersection-over-union-a-generalized-metric-for-evaluating-unsupervised-classification-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Uncommon Causes of Acute Abdominal Pain: A Pictorial Essay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahesh%20Hariharan">Mahesh Hariharan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajan%20Balasubramaniam"> Rajan Balasubramaniam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharath%20Kumar%20Shetty"> Sharath Kumar Shetty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanthala%20Yadavalli"> Shanthala Yadavalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Ahetasham"> Mohammed Ahetasham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sravya%20Devarapalli"> Sravya Devarapalli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acute abdomen is one of the most common clinical conditions requiring a radiological investigation. Ultrasound is the primary modality of choice which can diagnose some of the common causes of acute abdomen. However, sometimes the underlying cause for the pain is far more complicated than expected to mandate a high degree of suspicion to suggest further investigation with contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Here, we have compiled a comprehensive series of selected cases to highlight the conditions which can be easily overlooked unless carefully sought for. This also emphasizes the importance of multimodality approach to arrive at the final diagnosis with an increased overall diagnostic accuracy which in turn improves patient management and prognosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20abdomen" title="acute abdomen">acute abdomen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contrast-enhanced%20computed%20tomography%20scan" title=" contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan"> contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20resonance%20imaging" title=" magnetic resonance imaging"> magnetic resonance imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plain%20radiographs" title=" plain radiographs"> plain radiographs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53361/uncommon-causes-of-acute-abdominal-pain-a-pictorial-essay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Effect of Viscous Dissipation and Axial Conduction in Thermally Developing Region of the Channel Partially Filled with a Porous Material Subjected to Constant Wall Heat Flux</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D%20Bhargavi">D Bhargavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Sharath%20Kumar%20Reddy"> J. Sharath Kumar Reddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present investigation has been undertaken to assess the effect of viscous dissipation and axial conduction on forced convection heat transfer in the entrance region of a parallel plate channel with the porous insert attached to both walls of the channel. The flow field is unidirectional. Flow in the porous region corresponds to Darcy-Brinkman model and the clear fluid region to that of plane Poiseuille flow. The effects of the parameters Darcy number, <em>Da</em>, Peclet number, <em>Pe</em>, Brinkman number, <em>Br</em> and a porous fraction <em>γ<sub>p</sub></em> on the local heat transfer coefficient are analyzed graphically. Effects of viscous dissipation employing the Darcy model and the clear fluid compatible model have been studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20material" title="porous material">porous material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20partially%20filled%20with%20a%20porous%20material" title=" channel partially filled with a porous material"> channel partially filled with a porous material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20conduction" title=" axial conduction"> axial conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscous%20dissipation" title=" viscous dissipation"> viscous dissipation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114671/effect-of-viscous-dissipation-and-axial-conduction-in-thermally-developing-region-of-the-channel-partially-filled-with-a-porous-material-subjected-to-constant-wall-heat-flux" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Machine Learning Data Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neerav%20Kumar">Neerav Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naumaan%20Nayyar"> Naumaan Nayyar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharath%20Kashyap"> Sharath Kashyap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most companies see an increase in the adoption of machine learning (ML) applications across internal and external-facing use cases. ML applications vend output either in batch or real-time patterns. A complete batch ML pipeline architecture comprises data sourcing, feature engineering, model training, model deployment, model output vending into a data store for downstream application. Due to unclear role expectations, we have observed that scientists specializing in building and optimizing models are investing significant efforts into building the other components of the architecture, which we do not believe is the best use of scientists’ bandwidth. We propose a system architecture created using AWS services that bring industry best practices to managing the workflow and simplifies the process of model deployment and end-to-end data integration for an ML application. This narrows down the scope of scientists’ work to model building and refinement while specialized data engineers take over the deployment, pipeline orchestration, data quality, data permission system, etc. The pipeline infrastructure is built and deployed as code (using terraform, cdk, cloudformation, etc.) which makes it easy to replicate and/or extend the architecture to other models that are used in an organization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20pipeline" title="data pipeline">data pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AWS" title=" AWS"> AWS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batch%20machine%20learning" title=" batch machine learning"> batch machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146913/machine-learning-data-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Transformation of Traditional Marketplaces in an Urban Context: Case of Chalai Market, Thiruvananthapuram</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aswathy%20Vijayan">Aswathy Vijayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharath%20Sunder%20Rajeev"> Sharath Sunder Rajeev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Trade has been fundamental in the footprint of human civilization since ancient time. In most of the historic cities, city development was along trading routes, where marketplaces are the major entrance to a city and hence a major element of the urban fabric. Marketplaces are where the commercial activities flourish, people, having a sense of belonging to the place, where they easily fit in. Acknowledging the built environment in and around the market in a way, creating a sense of place is an important factor in the success of public spaces. Local markets are developed in an organic manner, which adds on to the people experience and perception of urban space. With the city development, the commercial needs within the city increase, hence marketplaces flourish, irrespective of the functional segregation within. The work-live culture in the marketplaces diminishes as the commercial expansion washes away the residential patches within it. Real estate flourishes as the newer infills are without considering the carrying capacity of the place. Chalai market is a prominent business center serving the regional level of Thiruvananthapuram city. The transformation trend of marketplaces in city cores are understood from case study on Fatimid Cairo Marketplace. The parameters that led to transformation of marketplaces in a global context is considered for the analysis of the Chalai market. The structure of the marketplace over the years is analyzed in terms of transformation in location, transformation in the land- use, change in commodity, and transformation in movement and activity. The aim of the research is to emphasize the need to understand the transformation trend, in creating a suitable development pattern for the city. The unregulated transformation within the city core has led to tremendous transformation in the user group and user pattern and eventually to the commercial trend. With the change in lifestyle and need for new amenities have led to addition of new infills leading to the degradation of the native commerce. Hence addressing the transformation of marketplaces are crucial to maintaining the locational significance and cultural importance and heritage of the place. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bazaar" title="bazaar">bazaar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20centers" title=" market centers"> market centers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketplaces" title=" marketplaces"> marketplaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20city" title=" traditional city"> traditional city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20market" title=" traditional market"> traditional market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20fabric" title=" urban fabric"> urban fabric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109916/transformation-of-traditional-marketplaces-in-an-urban-context-case-of-chalai-market-thiruvananthapuram" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> A Comparative Study in Acute Pancreatitis to Find out the Effectiveness of Early Addition of Ulinastatin to Current Standard Care in Indian Subjects </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Jenit%20Gandhi">Dr. Jenit Gandhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Manojith%20SS"> Dr. Manojith SS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Nakul%20GV"> Dr. Nakul GV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Sharath%20Honnani"> Dr. Sharath Honnani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Shaurav%20Ghosh"> Dr. Shaurav Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Neel%20%20Shetty"> Dr. Neel Shetty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Nagabhushan%20JS"> Dr. Nagabhushan JS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Manish%20Joshi"> Dr. Manish Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas which begins in pancreatic acinar cells and triggers local inflammation that may progress to systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) and causing distant organ involvement and its function and ending up with multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). Aim: A comparative study in acute pancreatitis to find out the effectiveness of early addition of Ulinastatin to current standard care in Indian subjects . Methodology: A current prospective observational study is done during study period of 1year (Dec 2018 –Dec 2019) duration to evaluate the effect of early addition of Ulinastatin to the current standard treatment and its efficacy to reduce the early complication, analgesic requirement and duration of hospital stay in patients with Acute Pancreatitis. Results: In the control group 25 were males and 05 were females. In the test group 18 were males and 12 females. Majority was in the age group between 30 - 70 yrs of age with >50% in the 30-50yrs age group in both test and control groups. The VAS was median grade 3 in control group as compared to median grade 2 in test group , the pain was more in the initial 2 days in test group compared to 4 days in test group , the analgesic requirement was used for more in control group (median 6) to test group( median 3 days ). On follow up after 5 days for a period of 2 weeks none of the patients in the test group developed any complication. Where as in the control group 8 patients developed pleural effusion, 04-Pseudopancreatic cyst, 02 – patient developed portal vein and splenic vein thrombosis, 02 patients – ventilator with ARDS which were treated symptomatically whereas in test group 02 patient developed pleural effusions and 01 pseudo pancreatic cyst with splenic artery aneurysm, 01 – patient with AKI and MODS symptomatically treated. The duration of hospital stay for a median period of 4 days (2 – 7 days) in test group and 7 days (4 -10 days) in control group. All patients were able to return to normal work on an average of 5days compared 8days in control group, the difference was significant. Conclusion:The study concluded that early addition of Ulinastatin to current standard treatment of acute Pancreatitis is effective in reducing pain, early complication and duration of hospital stay in Indian subject <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulinastatin" title="Ulinastatin">Ulinastatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VAS%20%E2%80%93%20visual%20analogue%20score" title=" VAS – visual analogue score "> VAS – visual analogue score </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AKI%20%E2%80%93%20acute%20kidney%20injury" title=" AKI – acute kidney injury "> AKI – acute kidney injury </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARDS%20%E2%80%93%20acute%20respiratory%20distress%20syndrome" title=" ARDS – acute respiratory distress syndrome "> ARDS – acute respiratory distress syndrome </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137735/a-comparative-study-in-acute-pancreatitis-to-find-out-the-effectiveness-of-early-addition-of-ulinastatin-to-current-standard-care-in-indian-subjects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Impact of Material Chemistry and Morphology on Attrition Behavior of Excipients during Blending</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sri%20Sharath%20Kulkarni">Sri Sharath Kulkarni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pauline%20Janssen"> Pauline Janssen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alberto%20Berardi"> Alberto Berardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bastiaan%20Dickhoff"> Bastiaan Dickhoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sander%20van%20Gessel"> Sander van Gessel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blending is a common process in the production of pharmaceutical dosage forms where the high shear is used to obtain a homogenous dosage. The shear required can lead to uncontrolled attrition of excipients and affect API’s. This has an impact on the performance of the formulation as this can alter the structure of the mixture. Therefore, it is important to understand the driving mechanisms for attrition. The aim of this study was to increase the fundamental understanding of the attrition behavior of excipients. Attrition behavior of the excipients was evaluated using a high shear blender (Procept Form-8, Zele, Belgium). Twelve pure excipients are tested, with morphologies varying from crystalline (sieved), granulated to spray dried (round to fibrous). Furthermore, materials include lactose, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), di-calcium phosphate (DCP), and mannitol. The rotational speed of the blender was set at 1370 rpm to have the highest shear with a Froude (Fr) number 9. Varying blending times of 2-10 min were used. Subsequently, after blending, the excipients were analyzed for changes in particle size distribution (PSD). This was determined (n = 3) by dry laser diffraction (Helos/KR, Sympatec, Germany). Attrition was found to be a surface phenomenon which occurs in the first minutes of the high shear blending process. An increase of blending time above 2 mins showed no change in particle size distribution. Material chemistry was identified as a key driver for differences in the attrition behavior between different excipients. This is mainly related to the proneness to fragmentation, which is known to be higher for materials such as DCP and mannitol compared to lactose and MCC. Secondly, morphology also was identified as a driver of the degree of attrition. Granular products consisting of irregular surfaces showed the highest reduction in particle size. This is due to the weak solid bonds created between the primary particles during the granulation process. Granular DCP and mannitol show a reduction of 80-90% in x10(µm) compared to a 20-30% drop for granular lactose (monohydrate and anhydrous). Apart from the granular lactose, all the remaining morphologies of lactose (spray dried-round, sieved-tomahawk, milled) show little change in particle size. Similar observations have been made for spray-dried fibrous MCC. All these morphologies have little irregular or sharp surfaces and thereby are less prone to fragmentation. Therefore, products containing brittle materials such as mannitol and DCP are more prone to fragmentation when exposed to shear. Granular products with irregular surfaces lead to an increase in attrition. While spherical, crystalline, or fibrous morphologies show reduced impact during high shear blending. These changes in size will affect the functionality attributes of the formulation, such as flow, API homogeneity, tableting, formation of dust, etc. Hence it is important for formulators to fully understand the excipients to make the right choices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attrition" title="attrition">attrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blending" title=" blending"> blending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20manufacturing" title=" continuous manufacturing"> continuous manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excipients" title=" excipients"> excipients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactose" title=" lactose"> lactose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcrystalline%20cellulose" title=" microcrystalline cellulose"> microcrystalline cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear" title=" shear"> shear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147446/impact-of-material-chemistry-and-morphology-on-attrition-behavior-of-excipients-during-blending" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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