CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91350cf2c9e68950',cH: 'eNeH5yr5R4XIJfuRyQC.vRz3QjXZGK6xmZFAymWsp3s-1739787686-1.2.1.1-9V7FeZHpKvYE0WqAGqwyK3eqEwJ0WQqnyM4nNEuX_VwAw3UNAaMn7kXiFCWoM1nU',cUPMDTk: "\/10008205\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=5Qn43tqrbtXRGfFsT1wajZdMNoqXzY3Gs8fcFP5SAiY-1739787686-1.0.1.1-iWerOr_wEhqAeR0.bG49_DWJFZ3XJ8bJD9en6vjAs_U",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787686',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10008205\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=5Qn43tqrbtXRGfFsT1wajZdMNoqXzY3Gs8fcFP5SAiY-1739787686-1.0.1.1-iWerOr_wEhqAeR0.bG49_DWJFZ3XJ8bJD9en6vjAs_U",md: "aftRxn1TS9dBNm5b64LwDWYEwodBcGjj0RvCMCOOMsQ-1739787686-1.2.1.1-8bkefjVm3Xh3Awpt6AWvFcB1ko673NEkFEwvN3b1fXmqpOonfLf8jApEth0bwR4q6wXzA6nfzy1PoeCRMwqijnqe_KXGOsUwEIiFV9T..t1fzgaztcET7ZBxcIZAIHNlZEfsItE2.2WZC5Srv8nAboeIFCqtXls1li3gvGz7L4F.7jV2lmpgR9BOWCQF7jDSzMKfxnKIX9DYQ.S8axW2TTVTvfoRIb69r5pKHVMfRmerwt3rTwWKeJTlIE4sZ9SjT3AiNg0ItIome3qv6UP9WQW8tm9MG73YdTaUQhl8WoZI1Fmm.UNBR3VmfP5MOYMoWNRcMjzmhtaQO79oE4j2uZGiYRy8pbxlq3E59LLP7esxkNxlJe6txhFA3R_nS4HylN6NtQn4BUkR6MnW.P_1cQio2H8kOMdkP0V7S_ZaKdHReOX4BQLcqLJ1UdyTM.oh9m44ST.pvmsGCxblgLpCTQ7fv3SBAJ2Cuhh8FdPgjWLUUPyjoCFfuJbK6F.XIi1fglK_izBZuGqy0CNEK5.2wThfPL4uq2ZHg6a5gM5klfU_hmmVwUQ_8lIp9Id06w_2fI4_xnw_gE7t3Iutw3W.nC6Y72iTNgCOq8DOh3m3Piv5ygmuoosTVmmSUkcbCzufsFkEkxWUmoUkw41NHDhFMLFi8nKZJ_Y3Xp84mErXDRBOVvln3OU_8wROA9_41hnB3Q_zDLO2aVWjDzdbwFsODa9sT_sxaxNb3EjwmFp.Ddvs9rI9Fp5DOlneIoEIx3Behz3jqHrnKSidCRKz0NPIMkluGHHsO3DJ92XnpP0oNr6gwO2rH88KPGk15osrSYJ9gURIgbAc7inO4pSIyu1qzMblDzZjlBYkWjDmiaoKPZbMhAT5hCRPaUeGKxy8v408y9ubPSvboFJ5YWCzwDkKQYJiRHkB_9op7_i7QLMn4L1maOxQPqk5V0lo_ElN7v2jQFoeBS2GdhgRShlRSl7VGqE4SuHAovXk6ALGVA7PNVNJbmKbiS5g0JCMEGb.nsRDFZ4mDqNFVzxAnkx92CE5anoLPm66XEGnM7TOjlycfpYSWMHNFAMk8Ji7CAyiT5HkE8aAIPnmGtw3v03X1E6jdb5h2qFdIzE4KkOtVoHuD3wGaBbJfaj1AmgQe_IM4yTZOfovENugmuLcIhvueDIiAZphjBbDfYwxiYTg3ejBpPrgJeEwhmGxYILFGISOV8HIel6.tmrL3YknvMI5fEkMS9f3Thb7oqGHimOGfpJLXiyq_osJOFz2USjGhI6_qrqmzFXb_SIMA86m7unRreOD31gEFbITEgb3FGr8OEHpFWpb36XrJeA.Vfc8BgZnz5a4B9bxlN4E6zj3a_BjKOixz.MBbYpPP.NOfCUP8wqd7IwbdLpszJz_VHo7nRsXzWXAy1mp4a2s0UTSajjDkjQB2NwswEWLqSkri6sPvt4d7iZ2uKCTHRNWC3DCJolDDLW7JiHhytkfnphlm1zy0uPfSbgbeN29lWjCPADnfp8exXAoDxP.ja.tM2.7zzkNGFkLz2m.3ATJUZvLb4kwreCcpEGEGRyPJcYjB.SSWzDv8ORECPjC.nF6HMPYrZc6CRpdQtdF44X_mPR3Da_AAfCkGe24A1Oze5lw_7P2Ujy2ETTzQaW9Jiv7mGcLhQsEnhiBPCrKOJ5PYuMZC2M4MiXRfVqD4Rwo7k44B._3HCs82ultv5iJVSxvKygFALcYq_dje1FGqrb7_8S7qN40O37iFSfhUoAI6LSNuvGhinZUjy_3Bd2mZ6TMYYmf6QghGNblx_.oa_8mHy0C1MvkfD4pHZMnHhrRQlZhkBfVwgHoSYrmOQCK3x5oyQ8HV3NhxbkCX2XtTjPamVSik0N9A9SlPmNOqko9gxmGeCEhHV6poR8",mdrd: "V7IXfSfyLzILnE4pvEzzbPIvitQ3_ThDGnZxApdn9HQ-1739787686-1.2.1.1-DfCAYLrmA1AXSg7qc3VPmPs5wMa8oIz4naprwv_c591AKdM.M8LCv89WeDOdfyhMwlXcouxVvM5s4TQJ.UqkNGBXJHWubv7uXbRLE15HoUnkuKswh7j.Pvn0YEy5j6ZEUchpGGouN5_55QxMJOXBpUgK.ngGdreHMNVENbdNcLZnnfOvqHe04TuPipKKZcR8YSJNTaKxlq4lamtgwn_bXY5.WGVyM5OR6RgfAfSpKZcEwa6bSKdD1U8WycgUj9O5KvwdGP_LyovyGt8C21c4EIKKz9Kj9hHTV1YwqcwL.afX.yqwk_GicnBCm8UNqAE41Qd5SkvOU1UhH0gpJRET_SxOUbfN9ezyZe24.OspB8UoQqF_Ua_x1t1HlrUwONPgixp2IqOKbHROJPet9MQaS0cJjmnS0XGUIyIP4pJ..e.uuvr_WgZR86eqNVYSAmDED5VEYrnwR4R8Idd00BW2a32uxZ5yv17dgoblyTqTQwN7sCWjC4Uo79xCRTgKl9CwXu.smt5Ws.icCczZ8b2TbMUEb1ek8DaLIzkU7HjRJ2uFlnxo4hm7PW85Jo08vMg1gMfx7s3il4rW4UhNzK6YvgNlDqz7ItMMadjymhN0jyQnEVMpgbPFNRmzNXHxrguTQeKzBnM.6rgAoo09I6Y5DkBTYleY69lQKTVgNhWIsi0Pcnrdi7c3U0y4k2Th92TJnB0E3XF1PzWOQxdL5huZ2AOPa_ljqu2pV..GAtuQOgakHRYnoXZej0VttPn.V7YVXEoPZNFW1MN4CkwQDjoRxIkR9xic125ysYP9huUE.gq8n7qw6GoJJ6p4MPaRtBFGQfXF2pnj1ZFPxLmxQJtyiYgw.yXGsGt7Ty4EkUXkSsL17.N6g0zNXMJq2Md4yBUgzZaNfBHzct68KGdDF8egcTT_nVolcNo8dlGQyrPUSzaOPZ239S3xv_EEuX5ayawyPYPhzdUqb3E4Zh4Mw9nHyIutQEjqE978a4rsAgXSpgJCL8g.1K4_Agui9o8mas89K5IN0QTt_Slaclt7_FuOqNwW_ZeYenl7TGcqnrNq.ORm7BfXNQW71EHbkObNsEfNvNGwNqwL1UsjdDm25BmratARyflv2DNQCxRfHPgeaQ5v.qKY.zcg7Ht8UWNkbQJOMQBpysQwpoMBJ0uTUGizuaLP4r7jHSqV0I_JbQf.3.UGyDCxkV6LAnHKYOWUPrQz4r2TN47i1a6Fyd2XMI6DGxwn88CMXeENK0_4Sf.bS58pCRZkHdmuCGLxBNbTP1q28V23v9nV6rOVc0RkmWUI5_39WkoUQWftuDFPvAOi1ynb8PUq1crvyttzocOjSt7odVYFmU2PK3TNQA0NrbKI4.T_oht.jNTUJC4Qewa2tA8tNh0V86qKYnq7Y24gAIbw_boNNL1UED4yK4.anwDSnmWmG9foNDSELqprCEZoI9DIg3vuPJeatqNZjMYIhOiJ1juvO3JeYBlgoZd0ifJqjrAuE5E19U_h9czkfyK6FVA_hm8Vmx3NTQS6Kxl0V5_WsWagWFaT34HmNuIlfvNE2a4Ia3IdFEv5NmqD3ljTsjwmww3EyW8_P6Spk1JXglB51KZW731zXh11dvrPkgjvUOn66dfq6RsMesZyPk2L2EocvkQ9GGzCsoGDmeLHxuEKbgbMpOhMUs1Xfi_SgY.xM1a8untf0QCXmPxxW6uL_QhPG_ATipxXBfGyyJwjLcLHGi13axPCiHQ24X2RjF6vieDeYuuLCZXgU263AFyu9xjt502XK3cTGhI1KWeTOffoZi2aSii2ZJsrlAHlTlJFz.ch_vG9mPF6Cax5T.CYsMH0RTJ8ejNfQLQhtH2VEarJF.hN3To1aDsLWVx.7.PD5iA7WDoSsI2BlfHc1s9tdXLJsML7oY.CdMM64XyLtTIgJZmN.YUARJV2XWfDaLBDpTfefPiJwdCwzkW9lxE_45PkXc.4PvPdr9a2GGJWygbzfuoG3mwSlIMKfmo9wXInPg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91350cf2c9e68950';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10008205\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=5Qn43tqrbtXRGfFsT1wajZdMNoqXzY3Gs8fcFP5SAiY-1739787686-1.0.1.1-iWerOr_wEhqAeR0.bG49_DWJFZ3XJ8bJD9en6vjAs_U" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>