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A. Gevorgyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Mamyan"> A. S. Mamyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20G.%20Stepanyan"> L. G. Stepanyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20R.%20Hambaryan"> L. R. Hambaryan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bacterio- and phytoplankton growth rates in 'Yerevanyan lich' reservoir and the Hrazdan river in Yerevan city, Armenia were investigated in April and June-August, 2015. Phytoplankton sampling and analysis were performed by the standard methods accepted in hydrobiological studies. The quantitative analysis of aerobic, coliform and E. coli bacteria is done by the 'RIDA COUNT' medium sheets (coated with ready-to-use culture medium). The investigations showed that the insufficient management of household discharges in Yerevan city caused the organic and fecal pollution of the Hrazdan river in this area which in turn resulted in an increase in bacterial count and increased sanitary and pathogenic risks to the environment and human health. During the investigation in April, the representatives of diatom algae prevailed quantitatively in the coastal area of 'Yerevanyan lich' reservoir, nevertheless, a significant change in the phytoplankton community in June occurred: due to green algae bloom in the reservoir, the quantitative parameters of phytoplankton increased significantly. This was probably conditioned by a seasonal increase in the water temperature in the conditions of the sufficient concentration of nutrients. However, a succession in phytoplankton groups during July-August occurred, and a dominant group (according to quantitative parameters) in the phytoplankton community was changed as follows: green algae-diatom algae-blue-green algae. Rapid increase in the quantitative parameters of diatom and blue-green algae in the reservoir may have been conditioned by increased organic matter level resulted from green algae bloom. Algal bloom in 'Yerevanyan lich' reservoir caused changes in phytoplankton community and an increase in bacterioplankton count not only in the reservoir but also in the Hrazdan river sites located in the downstream from the reservoir. Thus, the insufficient management of urban discharges and aquatic ecosystems in Yerevan city led to unfavorable changes in water quality and microbial and phytoplankton communities in “Yerevanyan lich” reservoir and the Hrazdan river which in turn caused increased sanitary and pathogenic risks to the environment and human health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algal%20bloom" title="algal bloom">algal bloom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterioplankton" title=" bacterioplankton"> bacterioplankton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoplankton" title=" phytoplankton"> phytoplankton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hrazdan%20river" title=" Hrazdan river"> Hrazdan river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yerevanyan%20lich%20reservoir" title=" Yerevanyan lich reservoir"> Yerevanyan lich reservoir</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43395/growth-rates-of-planktonic-organisms-in-yerevanyan-lich-reservoir-and-the-hrazdan-river-in-yerevan-city-armenia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Spatial Variability of Phyotoplankton Assemblages during the Intermonsoon in Baler Bay, Outer and Inner Casiguran Sound, Aurora, Fronting Philipine Rise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aime%20P.%20Lampad-Dela%20Pena">Aime P. Lampad-Dela Pena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhodora%20V.%20Azanza"> Rhodora V. Azanza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cesar%20L.%20Villanoy"> Cesar L. Villanoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ephrime%20B.%20Metillo"> Ephrime B. Metillo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aletta%20T.%20Yniguez"> Aletta T. Yniguez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phytoplankton community changes in relation to environmental parameters were compared between and within, the three interconnected basins. Phytoplankton samples were collected from thirteen stations of Baler Bay and Casiguran Sound, Aurora last May 2013 by filtering 10 L buckets of surface water and 5 L Niskin samples at 20 meters and at 30 to 40 meters depths through a 20um sieve. Duplicate samples per station were preserved, counted, and identified up to genus level, in order to determine the horizontal and vertical spatial variation of different phytoplankton functional groups during the summer ebb and flood flow. Baler Bay, Outer and Inner Casiguran Sound had a total of 89 genera from four phytoplankton groups: Diatom (62), Dinoflagellate (25), Silicoflagellate (1) and Cyanobacteria (1). Non-toxic diatom Chaetoceros spp. bloom (averaged 2.0 x 105 to 2.73 x 106 cells L⁻¹) co-existed with Bacteriastrum spp. at surface waters in Inner and Outer Casiguran. Pseudonitzschia spp. (1.73 x 106 cells L⁻¹) bloomed at bottom waters of the innermost embayment near Casiguran mangrove estuary. Cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp. significantly increased during ebb tide at the mid-water layers (20 meters depth) in the three basins (ranged from 6, 900 to 15, 125 filaments L⁻¹), forming another bloom. Gonyaulax spp. - dominated dinoflagellate did not significantly change with depth across the three basins. Overall, diatoms and dinoflagellates community assemblages significantly changed between sites (p < 0.001) while diatoms and cyanobacteria varied within Casiguran outer and inner sites (p < 0.001) only. Tidal fluctuations significantly affected dinoflagellates and diatom groups (p < 0.001) in inner and baler sites. Chlorophyll significantly varied between (KW, p < 0.001) and within each basins (KW, p < 0.05), no tidal influence, with the highest value at inner Casiguran and at deeper waters indicating deep chlorophyll maxima. Aurora’s distinct shelf morphology favoring counterclockwise circulation pattern, advective transport, and continuous stratification of the water column could basically affect the phytoplankton assemblages and water quality of Baler Bay and Casiguran inner and outer basins. Observed spatial phytoplankton community changes with multi-species diatom and cyanobacteria bloom at different water layers of the three inter-connected embayments would be vital for any environmental management initiatives in Aurora. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aurora%20fronting%20Philippines%20Rise" title="aurora fronting Philippines Rise">aurora fronting Philippines Rise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermonsoon" title=" intermonsoon"> intermonsoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-species%20diatom%20bloom" title=" multi-species diatom bloom"> multi-species diatom bloom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20variability" title=" spatial variability"> spatial variability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115528/spatial-variability-of-phyotoplankton-assemblages-during-the-intermonsoon-in-baler-bay-outer-and-inner-casiguran-sound-aurora-fronting-philipine-rise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Variation of Phytoplankton Biomass in the East China Sea Based on MODIS Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yumei%20Wu">Yumei Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyan%20Dang"> Xiaoyan Dang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shenglong%20Yang"> Shenglong Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shengmao%20Zhang"> Shengmao Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The East China Sea is one of four main seas in China, where there are many fishery resources. Some important fishing grounds, such as Zhousan fishing ground important to society. But the eco-environment is destroyed seriously due to the rapid developing of industry and economy these years. In this paper, about twenty-year satellite data from MODIS and the statistical information of marine environment from the China marine environmental quality bulletin were applied to do the research. The chlorophyll-a concentration data from MODIS were dealt with in the East China Sea and then used to analyze the features and variations of plankton biomass in recent years. The statistics method was used to obtain their spatial and temporal features. The plankton biomass in the Yangtze River estuary and the Taizhou region were highest. The high phytoplankton biomass usually appeared between the 88th day to the 240th day (end-March - August). In the peak time of phytoplankton blooms, the Taizhou islands was the earliest, and the South China Sea was the latest. The intensity and period of phytoplankton blooms were connected with the global climate change. This work give us confidence to use satellite data to do more researches about the China Sea, and it also provides some help for us to know about the eco-environmental variation of the East China Sea and regional effect from global climate change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20East%20China%20Sea" title="the East China Sea">the East China Sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoplankton%20biomass" title=" phytoplankton biomass"> phytoplankton biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20and%20spatial%20variation" title=" temporal and spatial variation"> temporal and spatial variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoplankton%20bloom" title=" phytoplankton bloom"> phytoplankton bloom</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63969/variation-of-phytoplankton-biomass-in-the-east-china-sea-based-on-modis-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> A Holistic View of Microbial Community Dynamics during a Toxic Harmful Algal Bloom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shi-Bo%20Feng">Shi-Bo Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheng-Jie%20Zhang"> Sheng-Jie Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Zhou"> Jin Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between microbial diversity and algal bloom has received considerable attention for decades. Microbes undoubtedly affect annual bloom events and impact the physiology of both partners, as well as shape ecosystem diversity. However, knowledge about interactions and network correlations among broader-spectrum microbes that lead to the dynamics in a complete bloom cycle are limited. In this study, pyrosequencing and network approaches simultaneously assessed the associate patterns among bacteria, archaea, and microeukaryotes in surface water and sediments in response to a natural dinoflagellate (Alexandrium sp.) bloom. In surface water, among the bacterial community, Gamma-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated in the initial bloom stage, while Alpha-Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria become the most abundant taxa during the post-stage. In the archaea biosphere, it clustered predominantly with Methanogenic members in the early pre-bloom period while the majority of species identified in the later-bloom stage were ammonia-oxidizing archaea and Halobacteriales. In eukaryotes, dinoflagellate (Alexandrium sp.) was dominated in the onset stage, whereas multiply species (such as microzooplankton, diatom, green algae, and rotifera) coexistence in bloom collapse stag. In sediments, the microbial species biomass and richness are much higher than the water body. Only Flavobacteriales and Rhodobacterales showed a slight response to bloom stages. Unlike the bacteria, there are small fluctuations of archaeal and eukaryotic structure in the sediment. The network analyses among the inter-specific associations show that bacteria (Alteromonadaceae, Oceanospirillaceae, Cryomorphaceae, and Piscirickettsiaceae) and some zooplankton (Mediophyceae, Mamiellophyceae, Dictyochophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae) have a stronger impact on the structuring of phytoplankton communities than archaeal effects. The changes in population were also significantly shaped by water temperature and substrate availability (N & P resources). The results suggest that clades are specialized at different time-periods and that the pre-bloom succession was mainly a bottom-up controlled, and late-bloom period was controlled by top-down patterns. Additionally, phytoplankton and prokaryotic communities correlated better with each other, which indicate interactions among microorganisms are critical in controlling plankton dynamics and fates. Our results supplied a wider view (temporal and spatial scales) to understand the microbial ecological responses and their network association during algal blooming. It gives us a potential multidisciplinary explanation for algal-microbe interaction and helps us beyond the traditional view linked to patterns of algal bloom initiation, development, decline, and biogeochemistry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20community" title="microbial community">microbial community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmful%20algal%20bloom" title=" harmful algal bloom"> harmful algal bloom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20process" title=" ecological process"> ecological process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101891/a-holistic-view-of-microbial-community-dynamics-during-a-toxic-harmful-algal-bloom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Intentional Cultivation of Non-toxic Filamentous Cyanobacteria Tolypothrix as an Approach to Treat Eutrophic Waters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simona%20Lucakova">Simona Lucakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irena%20Branyikova"> Irena Branyikova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Eutrophication, a condition when water becomes over-enriched with nutrients (P, N), can lead to undesirable excessive growth of phytoplankton, so-called algal bloom. This process results in the accumulation of toxin-producing cyanobacteria and oxygen depletion, both possibly leading to the collapse of the whole ecosystem. In real conditions, the limiting nutrient, which determines the possible growth of harmful algal bloom, is usually phosphorus. Algicides or flocculants have been applied in the eutrophicated waterbody in order to reduce the phytoplankton growth, which leads to the introduction of toxic chemicals into the water. In our laboratory, the idea of the prevention of harmful phytoplankton growth by the intentional cultivation of non-toxic cyanobacteria Tolypothrix tenuis in semi-open floating photobioreactors directly on the surface of phosphorus-rich waterbody is examined. During the process of cultivation, redundant phosphorus is incorporated into cyanobacterial biomass, which can be subsequently used for the production of biofuels, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, or biostimulants for agricultural use. To determine the ability of phosphorus incorporation, batch-cultivation of Tolypothrix biomass in media simulating eutrophic water (10% BG medium) and in effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant, both with the initial phosphorus concentration in the range 0.5-1.0 mgP/L was performed in laboratory-scale models of floating photobioreactors. After few hours of cultivation, the phosphorus content was decreased below the target limit of 0.035 mgP/L, which was given as a borderline for the algal bloom formation. Under laboratory conditions, the effect of several parameters on the rate of phosphorus decrease was tested (illumination, temperature, stirring speed/aeration gas flow, biomass to medium ratio). Based on the obtained results, a bench-scale floating photobioreactor was designed and will be tested for Tolypothrix growth in real conditions. It was proved that intentional cultivation of cyanobacteria Tolypothrix could be a suitable approach for extracting redundant phosphorus from eutrophic waters as prevention of algal bloom formation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyanobacteria" title="cyanobacteria">cyanobacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutrophication" title=" eutrophication"> eutrophication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20photobioreactor" title=" floating photobioreactor"> floating photobioreactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tolypothrix" title=" Tolypothrix"> Tolypothrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141388/intentional-cultivation-of-non-toxic-filamentous-cyanobacteria-tolypothrix-as-an-approach-to-treat-eutrophic-waters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Effect of Non-Fat Solid Ratio on Bloom Formation in Untempered Chocolate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huanhuan%20Zhao">Huanhuan Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bryony%20J.%20James"> Bryony J. James</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between the non-fat solid ratio and bloom formation in untempered chocolate was investigated using two types of chocolate: model chocolate made of varying cocoa powder ratios (46, 49.5 and 53%) and cocoa butter, and commercial Lindt chocolate with varying cocoa content (70, 85 and 90%). X-ray diffraction and colour measurement techniques were used to examine the polymorphism of cocoa butter and the surface whiteness index (WI), respectively. The polymorphic transformation of cocoa butter was highly correlated with the changes of WI during 30 days of storage since it led to the redistribution of fat within the chocolate matrix and resulted in a bloomed surface. The change in WI indicated a similar bloom rate in the chocolates, but the model chocolates with a higher cocoa powder ratio had more pronounced total bloom. This is due to a higher ratio of non-fat solid particles on the surface resulting in microscopic changes in morphology. The ratio of non-fat solids is an important factor in determining the extent of bloom but not the bloom rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=untempered%20chocolate" title="untempered chocolate">untempered chocolate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure%20of%20bloom" title=" microstructure of bloom"> microstructure of bloom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymorphic%20transformation" title=" polymorphic transformation"> polymorphic transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20whiteness" title=" surface whiteness"> surface whiteness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76912/effect-of-non-fat-solid-ratio-on-bloom-formation-in-untempered-chocolate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Phytoplankton Community Composition in Laguna de Terminos, Mexico, and Its Relationship to Environmental Variables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enrique%20Nunez%20L.">Enrique Nunez L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20%20Cortes%20L."> Maria Cortes L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Laffon%20L."> Sandra Laffon L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20M.%20Cupul%20V."> Ana M. Cupul V.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The phytoplankton community composition was studied in a tropical coastal lagoon of Mexico and relationships with environmental variables were evaluated. Six sites inside the tropical Terminos Lagoon were sampled in order to determine abundances and ecological indexes for phytoplankton from May to December 2017. Water samples were also collected to determine the values of pigments, nutrients, and water solids. Results showed that the composition and abundance of the phytoplankton community were influenced by physicochemical factors, nutrients, water solids, and climate seasons. Sixty-six species were identified as potential HAB producers (44.29% from total). However, abundances were not related to the occurrence of HAB during the study. Multidimensional ANOVA indicated no significant differences between sites while some months revealed significant differences. The canonical analysis suggested that environmental variables explained 49% of community variation of potential phytoplankton species producers of HAB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoplankton" title="phytoplankton">phytoplankton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lagoon" title=" lagoon"> lagoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title=" biodiversity"> biodiversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122868/phytoplankton-community-composition-in-laguna-de-terminos-mexico-and-its-relationship-to-environmental-variables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Phytoplankton Community Structure in the Moroccan Coast of the Mediterranean Sea: Case Study of Saiidia, Three Forks Cape</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Idmoussi">H. Idmoussi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Somoue"> L. Somoue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Ettahiri"> O. Ettahiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Makaoui"> A. Makaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Charib"> S. Charib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Agouzouk"> A. Agouzouk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ben%20Mhamed"> A. Ben Mhamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Hilmi"> K. Hilmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Errhif"> A. Errhif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study on the composition, abundance, and distribution of phytoplankton was conducted along the Moroccan coast of the Mediterranean Sea (Saiidia - Three Forks Cape) in April 2018. Samples were collected at thirteen stations using Niskin bottles within two layers (surface and deep layers). The identification and enumeration of phytoplankton were carried out according to the Utermöhl method (1958). A total number of 54 phytoplankton species were identified over the entire survey area. Thirty-six species could be found both in the surface and the deep layers while eleven species were observed only in the surface layer and seven in the deep layer. The phytoplankton throughout the study area was dominated by diatoms represented mainly by Nitzschia sp., Pseudonitzschia sp., Chaetoceros sp., Cylindrotheca closterium, Leptocylindrus minimus, Leptocylindrus danicus, Dactyliosolen fragilissimus. Dinoflagellates were dominated by Gymnodinium sp., Scrippsiella sp., Gyrodinium spirale, Noctulica sp, Prorocentrum micans. Euglenophyceae, Silicoflagellates and Raphidophyceae were present in low numbers. Most of the phytoplankton were concentrated in the surface layer, particularly towards the Three Forks Cape (25200 cells·l⁻¹). Shannon species diversity (ranging from 2 and 4 Bits) and evenness index (broadly > 0.7) suggested that phytoplankton community is generally diversified and structured in the studied area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abundance" title="abundance">abundance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mediterranean%20Sea" title=" Mediterranean Sea"> Mediterranean Sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoplankton" title=" phytoplankton"> phytoplankton</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100510/phytoplankton-community-structure-in-the-moroccan-coast-of-the-mediterranean-sea-case-study-of-saiidia-three-forks-cape" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy for Assessment in Engineering Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sindhu">K. Sindhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Shubha%20Rao"> V. Shubha Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of every faculty is to guide students to learn fundamental concepts and also improve thinking skills. Curriculum questionnaires must be framed, which would facilitate students to improve their thinking skills. Improving thinking skill is a difficult task and one of the ways to achieve this is to frame questionnaires using Bloom’s Taxonomy. Bloom’s Taxonomy helps the faculty to assess the students in a systematic approach which involves students performing successfully at each level in a systematic manner. In this paper, we have discussed on Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy and how to frame our questions based on the taxonomy for assessment. We have also presented mapping the questions with the taxonomy table which shows the mapping of the questions in knowledge and cognitive domain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bloom%E2%80%99s%20taxonomy" title="bloom’s taxonomy">bloom’s taxonomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questions" title=" questions"> questions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20education" title=" engineering education"> engineering education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19434/revised-blooms-taxonomy-for-assessment-in-engineering-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Phytoplankton Composition and Abundance to Assess Eutrophication: A Multi-Year Study in Twelve Large Rivers across the United States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiqian%20Zhang">Chiqian Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyle%20D.%20McIntosh"> Kyle D. McIntosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathan%20Sienkiewicz"> Nathan Sienkiewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20Struewing"> Ian Struewing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erin%20A.%20Stelzer"> Erin A. Stelzer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennifer%20L.%20Graham"> Jennifer L. Graham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingrang%20Lu"> Jingrang Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phytoplankton plays an essential role in freshwater aquatic ecosystems and is the primary group synthesizing organic carbon and providing food sources or energy to ecosystems. Therefore, the identification and quantification of phytoplankton are important for estimating and assessing ecosystem productivity (carbon fixation), water quality, and eutrophication. Microscopy is the current gold standard for identifying and quantifying phytoplankton composition and abundance. However, microscopic analysis of phytoplankton is time-consuming, has a low sample throughput, and requires deep knowledge and rich experience in microbial morphology to implement. To improve this situation, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was considered for phytoplankton identification and quantification. Using qPCR to assess phytoplankton composition and abundance, however, has not been comprehensively evaluated. This study focused on: 1) conducting a comprehensive performance comparison of qPCR and microscopy techniques in identifying and quantifying phytoplankton and 2) examining the use of qPCR as a tool for assessing eutrophication. Twelve large rivers located throughout the United States were evaluated using data collected from 2017 to 2019 to understand the relation between qPCR-based phytoplankton abundance and eutrophication. This study revealed that temporal variation of phytoplankton abundance in the twelve rivers was limited within years (from late spring to late fall) and among different years (2017, 2018, and 2019). Midcontinent rivers had moderately greater phytoplankton abundance than eastern and western rivers, presumably because midcontinent rivers were more eutrophic. The study also showed that qPCR- and microscope-determined phytoplankton abundance had a significant positive linear correlation (adjusted R² 0.772, p-value < 0.001). In addition, phytoplankton abundance assessed via qPCR showed promise as an indicator of the eutrophication status of those rivers, with oligotrophic rivers having low phytoplankton abundance and eutrophic rivers having (relatively) high phytoplankton abundance. This study demonstrated that qPCR could serve as an alternative tool to traditional microscopy for phytoplankton quantification and eutrophication assessment in freshwater rivers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoplankton" title="phytoplankton">phytoplankton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutrophication" title=" eutrophication"> eutrophication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river" title=" river"> river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qPCR" title=" qPCR"> qPCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microscopy" title=" microscopy"> microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatiotemporal%20variation" title=" spatiotemporal variation"> spatiotemporal variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160030/quantitative-polymerase-chain-reaction-analysis-of-phytoplankton-composition-and-abundance-to-assess-eutrophication-a-multi-year-study-in-twelve-large-rivers-across-the-united-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Physico-Chemical and Phytoplankton Analyses of Kazaure Dam, Jigawa State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminu%20Musa%20Muhammad">Aminu Musa Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Kabiru%20Abubakar"> Muhammad Kabiru Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Monthly changes in Phytoplankton periodicity, nutrient levels, temperature, pH, suspended solids, dissolved solids, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand of Kazaure Dam, Jigawa State, Nigeria were studied for a period of six months (July-Dec.-2011). Physico-chemical result showed that temperature and pH ranged between17-25˚C and 5.5-7.5, while dissolved solids and suspended solids ranged between 95-155 mg/L and 0.13-112 mg/L respectively. Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), conductivity, nitrate, phosphate and sulphate ion concentrations were within the ranges of 3.5-3.6 mg/L, 4.8-7.2 mg/L, 8.10-12.30 mg/L, 21-58µΩ/cm, 0.2-8.1 mg/L, 2.4-18.1 mg/L, and 1.22-15.60 mg/L respectively. A total of 4514 Org/L phytoplankton were recorded, of which four classes of algae were identified. These comprised of Chlorophyta (44.1%), Cyanophyta(30.62%), Bacillariophyta(3.2%), Euglenophyta (32.1%). Descriptive statistics of the result showed that phytoplankton count varied with variation of physico-chemical parameters at 5% level during the study period. The abundance and distribution of the algae varied with the variation in the physico-chemical parameters. Pearson correlation showed that temperature and nutrients were significantly correlated with phytoplankton, while DO, sulphate and pH were insignificantly correlated, while there was no significant correlation with COD and phytoplankton. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title="correlation">correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoplankton" title=" phytoplankton"> phytoplankton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physico%20chemical" title=" physico chemical"> physico chemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kazaure%20dam" title=" kazaure dam"> kazaure dam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23065/physico-chemical-and-phytoplankton-analyses-of-kazaure-dam-jigawa-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">580</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Phytoplankton Diversity and Abundance in Burullus Lagoon, Southern Mediterranean Coast, Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shymaa%20S.%20Zaher">Shymaa S. Zaher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesham%20M.%20Abd%20El-Fatah"> Hesham M. Abd El-Fatah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dina%20M.%20Ali"> Dina M. Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Burullus Lagoon is the second largest lake, along the Mediterranean seashore. It exposed to over nutrient enrichment from fish farming and agricultural drainage wastes. This study assesses the present status phytoplankton response to different flow events, including domestic, agricultural, industrial, and fish farms discharge in the three main sectors of Burullus Lagoon, to focus on the influence of environmental variables on phytoplankton species composition inhabiting the Lagoon. Twelve sites representing the eastern, central, and western basin were selected during winter and summer 2018. Among the most abundant group, Chlorophyceae came in the first rank by 37.9% of the total phytoplankton densities, Bacillariophyceae (29.31%), Cyanophyceae (20.7%), Euglenophyceae (8.63%) and Dinophyceae (3.4%). Cyclotella menenghiana was the most abundant diatoms, while Scenedesmus quadricauda, S. acuminatus, and S. bijuga were highly recorded nearby the drains (in the middle sector). Phytoplankton in Burullus Lagoon attained the lowest values during the winter season and the highest ones during the summer season. The total count of phytoplankton in the middle and western basin of the lake was higher than that of the eastern part. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and washing out of nutrients loaded to the drainage water, leading to a significant pronounced decrease in community composition and standing crop of phytoplankton in Burullus Lake from year to year, hold the danger of shifting the lagoon ecosystem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burullus%20Lagoon" title="Burullus Lagoon">Burullus Lagoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20variables" title=" environmental variables"> environmental variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoplankton" title=" phytoplankton"> phytoplankton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20pollution" title=" water pollution"> water pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115642/phytoplankton-diversity-and-abundance-in-burullus-lagoon-southern-mediterranean-coast-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Phytoplankton Community and Saprobic Pollution Index of Warm Water Fishes Ponds at East of Golestan Province: Case Study: Gonbade Kavous City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrdad%20Kamali-Sanzighi">Mehrdad Kamali-Sanzighi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maziar%20Kamali-Sanzighi"> Maziar Kamali-Sanzighi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this investigation is to study the phytoplankton and saprobic index at warm water fish ponds in the East of Golestan province, Gonbade Kavous city. Phytoplankton and ciliate sampling were done monthly during one season of culture. Finally, 39 genera from 7 classes of phytoplankton and 4 genera from the ciliate group were identified. Although, among different classes, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Charophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Euglenophyceae had the highest and lowest frequency percent of phytoplankton community with 23, 21, 20, 14, 11, 6 and 5 percent respectively. The results show that there are no significant differences between the saprobic index of different ponds (P > 0.05). But there are significant differences between the saprobic index value of different months and seasons during season culture (P < 0.05). Also, in current research, the saprobic index indicated the ß-mesosaprob water quality level. There was a general tends of decrease in the saprobic index value from the beginning to the end of the culture season. Parameters such as biomass increase of grower fishes, an increase of introduced chemical fertilizer and manure sedimentation, uneaten fish feed, fish fecal, and no regular exchangeable water resources are some of these changes' reasons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20pond" title="fish pond">fish pond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Golestan%20Province" title=" Golestan Province"> Golestan Province</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saprobi%20index" title=" saprobi index"> saprobi index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoplankton" title=" phytoplankton"> phytoplankton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154837/phytoplankton-community-and-saprobic-pollution-index-of-warm-water-fishes-ponds-at-east-of-golestan-province-case-study-gonbade-kavous-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154837.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Spatial Dynamic of Pico- and Nano-Phytoplankton Communities in the Mouth of the Seine River </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Schapira">M. Schapira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Fran%C3%A7oise"> S. Françoise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Maheux"> F. Maheux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Pierre-Duplessix"> O. Pierre-Duplessix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Rabiller"> E. Rabiller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Simon"> B. Simon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Le%20Gendre"> R. Le Gendre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pico- and nano-phytoplankton are abundant and ecologically critical components of the autotrophic communities in the pelagic realm. While the role of physical forcing related to tidal cycle, water mass intrusion, nutrient availability, mixing and stratification on microphytoplankton blooms have been widely investigated, these are often overlooked for pico- and nano-phytoplankton especially in estuarine waters. This study investigates changes in abundances and community composition of pico- and nano-phytoplankton under different estuarine tidal conditions in the mouth of the Seine River in relation to nutrient availability, water column stratification and spatially localized currents. Samples were collected each day at high tide, over spring tide to neap tide cycle, from 21 stations homogeneously distributed in the Seine river month in May 2011. Vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and fluorescence were realized at each sampling station. Sub-surface water samples (i.e. 1 m depth) were collected for nutrients (i.e. N, P and Si), phytoplankton biomass (i.e. Chl a) and pico- and nano-phytoplankton enumeration and identification. Pico- and nano-phytoplankton populations were identified and quantified using flow cytometry. Total abundances tend to decrease from spring tide to neap tide. Samples were characterized by high abundances of Synechococcus and Cryptophyceae. The composition of the pico- and nano-phytoplankton varied greatly under the different estuarine tidal conditions. Moreover, at the scale of the river mouth, the pico- and nano-phytoplankton population exhibited patchy distribution patterns that were closely controlled by water mass intrusion from the Sea, freshwater inputs from the Seine River and the geomorphology of the river mouth. This study highlights the importance of physical forcing to the community composition of pico- and nano-phytoplankton that may be critical for the structure of the pelagic food webs in estuarine and adjacent coastal seas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanophytoplancton" title="nanophytoplancton">nanophytoplancton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=picophytoplankton" title=" picophytoplankton"> picophytoplankton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20forcing" title=" physical forcing"> physical forcing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20mouth" title=" river mouth"> river mouth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tidal%20cycle" title=" tidal cycle"> tidal cycle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48760/spatial-dynamic-of-pico-and-nano-phytoplankton-communities-in-the-mouth-of-the-seine-river" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Improving Students' Critical Thinking in Understanding Reading Material Through Bloom's Critical Thinking Questioning Strategy in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Class</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hevriani%20Sevrika%20Mayuasti">Hevriani Sevrika Mayuasti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research deals in improving college students’ critical thinking at English for Specific Purposes Subject. The strategy that is applied is Bloom’s Critical Thinking Questioning Strategy. The positive side of this strategy is that the given questions are developed based on Bloom’s taxonomy level. It is an action research because the researcher uses own class in doing this research. The processes of this research have been done from April to Mei 2014. There are two cycles and each cycle consists of two meetings. After doing the research, it is gotten that Bloom’s Critical Thinking Questioning Strategy improves college students’ critical thinking. It helps the students to build and elaborate their ideas. Hence, it increases students’ reading comprehension. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking" title="critical thinking">critical thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blooms%E2%80%99%20critical%20thinking" title=" blooms’ critical thinking"> blooms’ critical thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questioning" title=" questioning"> questioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title=" strategy"> strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21716/improving-students-critical-thinking-in-understanding-reading-material-through-blooms-critical-thinking-questioning-strategy-in-english-for-specific-purposes-esp-class" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">661</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Phytoplankton Structure and Invasive Cyanobacterial Species of Polish Temperate Lakes: Their Associations with Environmental Parameters and Findings About Their Toxic Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tumer%20Orhun%20Aykut">Tumer Orhun Aykut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20Michael%20Crucitti-Thoo"> Robin Michael Crucitti-Thoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agnieszka%20Rudak"> Agnieszka Rudak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iwona%20Jasser"> Iwona Jasser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to eutrophication connected to the growing human population, intensive agriculture, industrialization, and reinforcement of global warming, freshwater resources are changing negatively in every region of the World. This change also concerns the replacement of native species by invasive ones that can spread in many ways. Biological invasions are a developing problem to ecosystem continuity and their presence is mostly common in freshwater bodies. The occurrence and potential invasion of the species depends on associations between abiotic and biotic variables. Due to climate change, many species can extend their range from low to high latitudes and differ in their geographic ranges. In addition, the hydrological issues strongly influence the physicochemical parameters and biological processes, especially the growth rates of species and bloom formation of Cyanobacteria. Among tropical invasive species noted in temperate Europe, Raphidiopsis raciborskii, Chrysosporum bergii, and Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides are considered a serious threat. R. raciborskii being the most important one as it is already known as a highly invasive species in almost all around the World, is a freshwater, planktonic, filamentous, potentially toxic, and nitrogen-fixing Cyanobacteria. This study aimed to investigate the presence of invasive cyanobacterial species in temperate lakes in Northeastern Poland, reveal the composition of phytoplankton communities, determine the effect of environmental variables, and identify the toxic properties of invasive Cyanobacteria and other phytoplankton groups. Our study was conducted in twenty-five lakes in August 2023. The lakes represent a geographical gradient from central Poland to the Northeast and have different depths, sizes, and trophic statuses. According to performed analyses, the presence of R. raciborskii was recorded in five lakes: Szczęśliwickie (Warsaw), Mikołajskie, Rekąty, Sztynorckie (Masurian Lakeland), and further East, in Pobondzie (Suwałki Lakeland). On the other hand, C. bergii was found in three lakes: Rekąty (Masurian Lakeland), Żabinki, and Pobondzie (Suwałki Lakeland), while S. aphanizomenoides only in Pobondzie (Suwałki Lakeland). Maximum phytoplankton diversity was found in Lake Rekąty, a small and shallow lake mentioned above. The highest phytoplankton biomass was detected in highly eutrophic Lake Suskie, followed by Lake Sztynorckie. In this last lake, which is also strongly eutrophic, the highest biomass of R. raciborskii was found. Cyanophyceae had the highest biovolume and was followed by Chlorophyceae in the entire study. Numerous environmental parameters, including nutrients, were studied, and their relationships with the invasive species and the whole phytoplankton community will be presented. In addition, toxic properties of environmental DNA results from each lake will also be shown. In conclusion, investigated invasive cyanobacterial species were found in a few Northeastern Polish temperate lakes, but the number of individuals was quite low, so the biomass was quite low. It has been observed that the structure of phytoplankton changed based on lakes and environmental parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20invasion" title="biological invasion">biological invasion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyanobacteria" title=" cyanobacteria"> cyanobacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyanotoxins" title=" cyanotoxins"> cyanotoxins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoplankton%20ecology" title=" phytoplankton ecology"> phytoplankton ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanger%20sequencing" title=" sanger sequencing"> sanger sequencing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186773/phytoplankton-structure-and-invasive-cyanobacterial-species-of-polish-temperate-lakes-their-associations-with-environmental-parameters-and-findings-about-their-toxic-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">49</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Improving Students' Critical Thinking in Understanding Reading Material Through Bloom's Taxonomy Questioning Strategy in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Class</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mayuasti">M. Mayuasti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hevriani%20Sevrika"> Hevriani Sevrika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armilia%20Riza"> Armilia Riza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research deals in improving college students’ critical thinking at English for Specific Purposes Subject. The strategy that is applied is Bloom’s Critical Thinking Questioning Strategy. The positive side of this strategy is that the given questions are developed based on Bloom’s taxonomy level. It is an action research because the researcher uses own class in doing this research. The processes of this research have been done from April to Mei 2014. There are two cycles and each cycle consists of two meetings. After doing the research, it is gotten that Bloom’s Critical Thinking Questioning Strategy improves college students’ critical thinking. It helps the students to build and elaborate their ideas. Hence, it increases students’ reading comprehension <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking" title="critical thinking">critical thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blooms%E2%80%99%20critical%20thinking%20questioning%20strategy" title=" blooms’ critical thinking questioning strategy"> blooms’ critical thinking questioning strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20purposes%20class" title=" specific purposes class"> specific purposes class</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English" title=" English"> English</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23741/improving-students-critical-thinking-in-understanding-reading-material-through-blooms-taxonomy-questioning-strategy-in-english-for-specific-purposes-esp-class" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23741.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">564</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> Analysis and Study of Growth Rates of Indigenous Phytoplankton in Enriched Spent Oil Impacted Ecosystems in South Western Nigeria Coastal Waters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lauretta%20Ighedo">Lauretta Ighedo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bukola%20Okunade"> Bukola Okunade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monisade%20Okunade"> Monisade Okunade </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to determine the effect of spent oil on the growth rates of indigenous phytoplankton in an aquaculture pond, a study was carried out on varying concentrations of samples using the bioassay procedure for a period of 14 days. Four divisions Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta and Bacillariophyta were observed in the water samples collected from the Aquaculture pond. The growth response was measured using a microprocessor photocolorimeter at optical density of 680nm. A general assessment of spent oil contaminated samples showed either a sharp rise or fall in growth rate from day 0 to day 2 followed by increased growth response for most higher concentration of pollutants up to Day 8, then fluctuations in the growth response pattern for the other days. There was no marked significant difference in the growth response of phytoplankton in the spent oil impacted water samples. The lowest and highest phytoplankton abundance was recorded in 10/90ml and 2.5/97.5ml spent oil impacted water sample respectively. Oscillatoria limosa, Chlorella sp., Microcystis aeruginosa, Nitzschia sp. and Navicula sp. showed high tolerance to oil pollution and these species used as bioindicators of an organic polluted environment increased abundantly and can therefore be employed in the cleanup and bioremediation process of an oil polluted freshwater body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoplankton" title="phytoplankton">phytoplankton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20abundance" title=" species abundance"> species abundance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20characteristics" title=" environmental characteristics"> environmental characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75286/analysis-and-study-of-growth-rates-of-indigenous-phytoplankton-in-enriched-spent-oil-impacted-ecosystems-in-south-western-nigeria-coastal-waters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> The Effect of Bunch in the Branch on Vegetative Characteristics of Pistacia vera</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Sohrabi">Alireza Sohrabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Mohammadi"> Hamid Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The pistachio fruit is a strategic product in Iran. One of the problems caused the reduction of pistachio proceeds is related to biennial- bearing or alternative bearing. Biennial- bearing is very important and is happened because of the fallen female bloom buds in vintage year. This test was done according to random blocks of 6 orchards in the type of Ahmad Aghaie with 4 iterations. Vegetative properties of branch are investigated. The results are shown that if the bunch numbers are increased, the possibility of falling is increased in bloom buds. The least possibility of falling of bloom buds is specified in trimming of one bunch and has significant difference with other trimming. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternate%20bearing" title="alternate bearing">alternate bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pistachio" title=" pistachio"> pistachio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster" title=" cluster"> cluster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bud" title=" bud"> bud</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39450/the-effect-of-bunch-in-the-branch-on-vegetative-characteristics-of-pistacia-vera" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Marine Phytoplankton and Zooplankton from the North-Eastern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmudur%20Rahman%20Khan">Mahmudur Rahman Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saima%20Sharif%20Nilla"> Saima Sharif Nilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kawser%20Ahmed"> Kawser Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Aziz"> Abdul Aziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The marine phyto and zooplankton of the extreme north-eastern part of the Bay of Bengal, off the coast of Bangladesh have been studied. Relative occurrence of phyto and zooplankton and their relationship with physico-chemical conditions (f.e. temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, carbonate, phosphate, and sulphate) of the water and Shannon-Weiber diversity indices were also studied. The phytoplankton communities represented by 25 genera with 69 species of Bacillariophyceae, 5 genera with 12 species of Dinophyceae and 6 genera with 16 species of Chlorophyceae have been found. A total of 24 genera of 25 species belonging to Protozoa, Coelenterata, Chaetognatha, Nematoda, Cladocera, Copepoda, and decapoda have been recorded. In addition, the average phytoplankton was 80% of all collections, whereas the zooplankton was 20%, Z ratio of about 4:1. The total numbers of plankton individuals per liter were generally higher during low tide than those of high one. Shannon-Weiber diversity indices were highest (3.675 for phytoplankton and 3.021 for zooplankton) in the north-east part and lowest (1.516 for phytoplankton and 1.302 for zooplankton) in the south-east part of the study area. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed the relationship between pH and some species of phyto and zooplankton where all diatoms and copepods have showed positive correlation and dinoflagellates showed negative correlation with pH. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plankton%20presence" title="plankton presence">plankton presence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shannon-weiber%20diversity%20index" title=" shannon-weiber diversity index"> shannon-weiber diversity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bay%20of%20Bengal" title=" Bay of Bengal "> Bay of Bengal </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2653/marine-phytoplankton-and-zooplankton-from-the-north-eastern-bay-of-bengal-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">668</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Phytoplankton Assemblage and Physicochemical Parameters of a Perturbed Tropical Manmade Lake, Southwestern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adedolapo%20Ayoade">Adedolapo Ayoade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20the%20Beloved%20Dada"> John the Beloved Dada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study identified the phytoplankton assemblage of the Dandaru Lake (that received effluents from a zoological garden and hospital) as bioindicators of water quality. Physicochemical parameters including Dissolved Oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate, phosphate and heavy metals were also determined. Samples of water and plankton were collected once monthly from April to September, 2015 at five stations (I – V). The mean physicochemical parameters were within the limits of National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) and USEPA except Lead, 0.02 ± 0.08 mg/ L; Manganese, 0.46 ± 1.00 mg/ L and Zinc, 0.05 ± 0.17 mg/ L. Means of DO, alkalinity, and phosphate were significantly different between the stations at p < 0.05. While highest mean DO (6.88 ± 1.34 mg/L) was recorded in station I with less anthropogenic activities, highest phosphate concentration (0.28 ± 0.28 mg/L) occurred in station II, the entry point of wastewater from hospital and zoological garden. The 147 phytoplankton species found in the lake belonged to six classes: Chlorophyceae (50), Euglenophyceae (40), Bacillariophyceae (37), Cyanophyceae (17), Xanthophyceae and Chrysophyceae (3). The order of abundance for phytoplankton was Euglenophyceae (49.77%) > Bacillariophyceae (18.00%) > Cyanophyceae (17.39%) > Chlorophyceae (13.7%) > Xanthophyceae (1.06%) > Chrysophyceae (0.02%). The stations impacted with effluents were dominated by members of Euglenophyceae (Station III, 77.09%; IV, 50.55%) and Cyanophyceae (Station II, 27.7%; V, 32.57%). While station I was dominated by diatoms (57.98%). The species richness recorded was 0.32 – 4.49. Evenness index was highest in station I and least in station III. Generally, pollution tolerant species (Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Scenedesmus, Anabaena, and Euglena) showed greater density in areas impacted by human activities. The phytoplankton assemblage and comparatively low biotic diversity in Dandaru Lake could be attributed to perturbations in the water column that exerted selective effects on the biological assemblage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manmade%20lake" title="manmade lake">manmade lake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoplankton" title=" phytoplankton"> phytoplankton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70410/phytoplankton-assemblage-and-physicochemical-parameters-of-a-perturbed-tropical-manmade-lake-southwestern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Single and Combined Effects of Diclofenac and Ibuprofen on Daphnia Magna and Some Phytoplankton Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramatu%20I.%20Sha%E2%80%99aba">Ramatu I. Sha’aba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathias%20A.%20Chia"> Mathias A. Chia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullahi%20B.%20Alhassan"> Abdullahi B. Alhassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yisa%20A.%20Gana"> Yisa A. Gana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20M.%20Gadzama"> Ibrahim M. Gadzama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globally, Diclofenac (DLC) and Ibuprofen (IBU) are the most prescribed drugs due to their antipyretic and analgesic properties. They are, however, highly toxic at elevated doses, with the involvement of an already described oxidative stress pathway. As a result, there is rising concern about the ecological fate of analgesics on non-target organisms such as Daphnia magna and Phytoplankton species. Phytoplankton is a crucial component of the aquatic ecosystem that serves as the primary producer at the base of the food chain. However, the increasing presence and levels of micropollutants such as these analgesics can disrupt their community structure, dynamics, and ecosystem functions. This study presents a comprehensive series of the physiology, antioxidant response, immobilization, and risk assessment of Diclofenac and Ibuprofen’s effects on Daphnia magna and the Phytoplankton community using a laboratory approach. The effect of DLC and IBU at 27.16 µg/L and 20.89 µg/L, respectively, for a single exposure and 22.39 µg/L for combined exposure of DLC and IBU for the experimental setup. The antioxidant response increased with increasing levels of stress. The highest stressor to the organism was 1000 µg/L of DLC and 10,000 µg/L of IBU. Peroxidase and glutathione -S-transferase activity was higher for Diclofenac + Ibuprofen. The study showed 60% and 70% immobilization of the organism at 1000 g L-1 of DLC and IBU. The two drugs and their combinations adversely impacted Phytoplankton biomass with increased exposure time. However, combining the drugs resulted in more significant adverse effects on physiological and pigment content parameters. The risk assessment calculation for the risk quotient and toxic unit of the analgesic reveals from this study was RQ Diclofenac = 8.41, TU Diclofenac = 3.68, and RQ Ibuprofen = 718.05 and TU Ibuprofen = 487.70. Hence, these findings demonstrate that the current exposure concentrations of Diclofenac and Ibuprofen can immobilize D. magna. This study shows the dangers of multiple drugs in the aquatic environment because their combinations could have additive effects on the structure and functions of Phytoplankton and are capable of immobilizing D. magna. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algae" title="algae">algae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analgesic%20drug" title=" analgesic drug"> analgesic drug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daphnia%20magna" title=" daphnia magna"> daphnia magna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172282/single-and-combined-effects-of-diclofenac-and-ibuprofen-on-daphnia-magna-and-some-phytoplankton-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Phytoplankton of the Atlantic Ocean, off Lagos, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikenna%20Charles%20Onyema">Ikenna Charles Onyema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tolut%20Prince%20Bako"> Tolut Prince Bako</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study was carried out in the Atlantic Ocean off the Lighthouse Beach, Lagos. There were monthly and spatial variations in physical and chemical characteristics of the neritic ocean (August - December, 2014). Mean and standard deviation values for air temperature were 27. 67, ± 2.98 °C, water temperature (28.37 ± 1.88), pH (7.85 ± 0.17), conductivity (44738.75 ± 6262.76 µS/cm), total dissolved solids (29236.71 ± 4273.30 mg/L), salinity (27.11 ± 3.91 ‰), alkalinity (126.99 ± 42.81 mg/L) and chloride (15056. 67 ± 2165.78 mg/L). Higher estimates were recorded in the dry than wet months for these characteristics. On the other hand, reducing values were recorded for acidity (2.34 ± 0.63 mg/L), total hardness (4711.98 ± 691.50 mg/L), phosphate (1.1 ± 0.78 mg/L), sulphate (2601.99 ± 447.04 mg/L) and nitrate (0.12 ± 0.06 mg/L). Values for total suspended solids and biological oxygen demand values were low (<1mg/L). Twenty-one species of phytoplankton were recorded. Diatoms recorded 80.92% and were the dominant group. Hemidiscus cuneiformis, Coscinodiscus centralis, Coscinodiscus lineatus, Coscinodiscus radiatus and Oscillatoria limosa were more frequently occurring species. Biddulphia sinensis and four species of Ceratium, were representatives of the dry season. The dry season also recorded comparatively higher individuals of phytoplankton than the wet season. Spirogyra sp. (green algae) appeared only in the wet season. Species abundance (N) was highest in December at Station 1 (13.15%) (dry season) and lowest in August (wet season) at Station 3 (2.96%). The physico-chemical factors and phytoplankton reflected a tropical unpolluted neritic oceanic environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea" title="sea">sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physico-chemistry" title=" physico-chemistry"> physico-chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lighthouse%20beach" title=" lighthouse beach"> lighthouse beach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52455/phytoplankton-of-the-atlantic-ocean-off-lagos-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Phytoplankton of the Atlantic Ocean off Lagos</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikenna%20Charles%20Onyema">Ikenna Charles Onyema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prince%20Tolut%20Bako"> Prince Tolut Bako</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study was carried out in the Atlantic Ocean off the Lighthouse Beach, Lagos. There were monthly and spatial variations in physical and chemical characteristics of the neritic ocean (August-December, 2014). Mean and standard deviation values for air temperature were 27. 67, ± 2.98 oC, water temperature (28.37 ± 1.88), pH (7.85 ± 0.17), Conductivity (44738.75 ± 6262.76 µS/cm), Total dissolved solids (29236.71 ± 4273.30 mg/L), Salinity (27.11 ± 3.91 ‰), Alkalinity (126.99 ± 42.81 mg/L) and Chloride (15056. 67 ± 2165.78 mg/L). Higher estimates were recorded in the dry than wet months for these characteristics. On the other hand, reducing values were recorded for Acidity (2.34 ± 0.63 mg/L), Total hardness (4711.98 ± 691.50 mg/L), Phosphate (1.1 ± 0.78 mg/L), Sulphate (2601.99 ± 447.04 mg/L) and Nitrate (0.12 ± 0.06 mg/L). Values for Total suspended solids and Biological oxygen demand values were low ( < 1mg/L). Twenty-one species of phytoplankton were recorded. Diatoms recorded 80.92% and were the dominant group. Hemidiscus cuneiformis, Coscinodiscus centralis, Coscinodiscus lineatus, Coscinodiscus radiatus and Oscillatoria limosa were more frequently occurring species. Biddulphia sinensis and four species of Ceratium, were representatives of the dry season. The dry season also recorded comparatively higher individuals of phytoplankton than the wet season. Spirogyra sp. (green algae) appeared only in the wet season. Species abundance (N) was highest in December at Station 1 (13.15%) (dry season) and lowest in August (wet season) at Station 3 (2.96%). The physico-chemical factors and phytoplankton reflected a tropical unpolluted neritic oceanic environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea" title="sea">sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physico-chemistry" title=" physico-chemistry"> physico-chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-algae" title=" micro-algae"> micro-algae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lighthouse%20beach" title=" lighthouse beach"> lighthouse beach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59093/phytoplankton-of-the-atlantic-ocean-off-lagos" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Impact of Flood on Phytoplankton Biochemical Composition in Subtropical Reservoir, Lake Nasser </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shymaa%20S.%20Zaher">Shymaa S. Zaher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Howayda%20Abd%20El-Hady"> Howayda Abd El-Hady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nehad%20Khalifa"> Nehad Khalifa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lake Nasser is vital to Egypt as it is the main Nile water reservoir. One of the major challenges in ecological flood is to establish how environmental enrichment in nutrients availability may affect both the biochemical composition of phytoplankton and the species communities. Samples were collected from twenty sites representing different lake sectors along the main channel of the lake during 2017. Generally, phytoplankton distribution during flood season in Lake Nasser indicates the predominance of Cyanophyceae at all lake sectors. Increases in NO₂ (9.31 µg/l) and PO₄ (7.11µg/l) at the Abu-Simble sector are associated with changes in community structure and biochemical composition of phytoplankton, where Cyanophyceae blooming occur associated with retardation in biopolymeric particulate organic carbon. The maximum total biochemical contents (91.29 mg/l) and biopolymeric particulate organic carbon (37.15 mg/l) was found at El-Madiq sector where there was optimum nutrients (NO₂ 0.479 µg/l and PO₄ 5.149µg/l), a highly positive correlation was found between Cyanophyceae and NO₂ in the lake (r = 0.956). A highly positive correlation was detected between carbohydrates and both transparency and pH in the lake (r = 0.974 and 0.787). Also carbohydrates had a positive relation with Bacillariophyceae (r = 0.610). Flood positively alter the water quality of the lake by increasing dissolved oxygen and nutrients enrichment to the aquatic ecosystem, affecting other aquatic organisms of higher trophic levels as economic fishes inhabiting the lake. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquatic%20microalgae" title="aquatic microalgae">aquatic microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aswan%20high%20dam%20lake" title=" Aswan high dam lake"> Aswan high dam lake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20composition" title=" biochemical composition"> biochemical composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fresh%20water" title=" fresh water "> fresh water </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114336/impact-of-flood-on-phytoplankton-biochemical-composition-in-subtropical-reservoir-lake-nasser" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> The Effects of Above-Average Precipitation after Extended Drought on Phytoplankton in Southern California Surface Water Reservoirs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margaret%20K.%20Spoo-Chupka">Margaret K. Spoo-Chupka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWDSC) manages surface water reservoirs that are a source of drinking water for more than 19 million people in Southern California. These reservoirs experience periodic planktonic cyanobacteria blooms that can impact water quality. MWDSC imports water from two sources – the Colorado River (CR) and the State Water Project (SWP). The SWP brings supplies from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta that are characterized as having higher nutrients than CR water. Above average precipitation in 2017 after five years of drought allowed the majority of the reservoirs to fill. Phytoplankton was analyzed during the drought and after the drought at three reservoirs: Diamond Valley Lake (DVL), which receives SWP water exclusively, Lake Skinner, which can receive a blend of SWP and CR water, and Lake Mathews, which generally receives only CR water. DVL experienced a significant increase in water elevation in 2017 due to large SWP inflows, and there were no significant changes to total phytoplankton biomass, Shannon-Wiener diversity of the phytoplankton, or cyanobacteria biomass in 2017 compared to previous drought years despite the higher nutrient loads. The biomass of cyanobacteria that could potentially impact DVL water quality (Microcystis spp., Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Dolichospermum spp., and Limnoraphis birgei) did not differ significantly between the heavy precipitation year and drought years. Compared to the other reservoirs, DVL generally has the highest concentration of cyanobacteria due to the water supply having greater nutrients. Lake Mathews’ water levels were similar in drought and wet years due to a reliable supply of CR water and there were no significant changes in the total phytoplankton biomass, phytoplankton diversity, or cyanobacteria biomass in 2017 compared to previous drought years. The biomass of cyanobacteria that could potentially impact water quality at Lake Mathews (L. birgei and Microcystis spp.) did not differ significantly between 2017 and previous drought years. Lake Mathews generally had the lowest cyanobacteria biomass due to the water supply having lower nutrients. The CR supplied most of the water to Lake Skinner during drought years, while the SWP was the primary source during 2017. This change in water source resulted in a significant increase in phytoplankton biomass in 2017, no significant change in diversity, and a significant increase in cyanobacteria biomass. Cyanobacteria that could potentially impact water quality at Skinner included: Microcystis spp., Dolichospermum spp., and A.flos-aquae. There was no significant difference in Microcystis spp. biomass in 2017 compared to previous drought years, but biomass of Dolichospermum spp. and A.flos-aquae were significantly greater in 2017 compared to previous drought years. Dolichospermum sp. and A. flos-aquae are two cyanobacteria that are more sensitive to nutrients than Microcystis spp., which are more sensitive to temperature. Patterns in problem cyanobacteria abundance among Southern California reservoirs as a result of above-average precipitation after more than five years of drought were most closely related to nutrient loading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title="drought">drought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoirs" title=" reservoirs"> reservoirs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyanobacteria" title=" cyanobacteria"> cyanobacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20phytoplankton%20ecology" title=" and phytoplankton ecology"> and phytoplankton ecology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78359/the-effects-of-above-average-precipitation-after-extended-drought-on-phytoplankton-in-southern-california-surface-water-reservoirs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> A Microcosm Study on the Response of Phytoplankton and Bacterial Community of the Subarctic Northeast Atlantic Ocean to Oil Pollution under Projected Atmospheric CO₂ Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afiq%20Mohd%20Fahmi">Afiq Mohd Fahmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tony%20Gutierrez"> Tony Gutierrez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastian%20Hennige"> Sebastian Hennige</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing amounts of CO₂ entering the marine environment, also known as ocean acidification, is documented as having harmful impacts on a variety of marine organisms. When considering the future risk of hydrocarbon pollution, which is generally detrimental to marine life as well, this needs to consider how OA-induced changes to microbial communities will compound this since hydrocarbon degradation is influenced by the community-level microbial response. This study aims to evaluate the effects of increased atmospheric CO₂ conditions and oil enrichment on the phytoplankton-associated bacterial communities. Faroe Shetland Channel (FSC) is a subarctic region in the northeast Atlantic where crude oil extraction has recently been expanded. In the event of a major oil spill in this region, it is vital that we understand the response of the bacterial community and its consequence on primary production within this region—some phytoplankton communities found in the ocean harbor hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria that are associated with its psychosphere. Surface water containing phytoplankton and bacteria from FSC were cultured in ambient and elevated atmospheric CO₂ conditions for 4 days of acclimation in microcosms before introducing 1% (v/v) of crude oil into the microcosms to simulate oil spill conditions at sea. It was found that elevated CO₂ conditions do not significantly affect the chl a concentration, and exposure to crude oil detrimentally affected chl a concentration up to 10 days after exposure to crude oil. The diversity and richness of the bacterial community were not significantly affected by both CO₂ treatment and oil enrichment. The increase in the relative abundance of known hydrocarbon degraders such as Oleispira, Marinobacter and Halomonas indicates potential for biodegradation of crude oil, while the resilience of dominant taxa Colwellia, unclassified Gammaproteobacteria, unclassified Rnodobacteria and unclassified Halomonadaceae could be associated with the recovery of microalgal community 13 days after oil exposure. Therefore, the microbial community from the subsurface of FSC has the potential to recover from crude oil pollution even under elevated CO₂ (750 ppm) conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoplankton" title="phytoplankton">phytoplankton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title=" bacteria"> bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20oil" title=" crude oil"> crude oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20acidification" title=" ocean acidification"> ocean acidification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140551/a-microcosm-study-on-the-response-of-phytoplankton-and-bacterial-community-of-the-subarctic-northeast-atlantic-ocean-to-oil-pollution-under-projected-atmospheric-co2-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> The Effect of Oil Pollution on Marine Microbial Populations in Israeli Coastal Waters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yael%20Shai">Yael Shai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dror%20L.%20Angel"> Dror L. Angel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dror%20Zurel"> Dror Zurel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peleg%20Astrahan"> Peleg Astrahan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxim%20Rubin-Blum"> Maxim Rubin-Blum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eyal%20Rahav"> Eyal Rahav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The high demand for oil and its by-products is symptomatic of the 21st century and occasionally leads to oil spills and pollution of coastal waters. Marine oil pollution may originate from a variety of sources -urban runoff, tanker cleaning, drilling activities, and oil spills. These events may release large amounts of highly toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other pollutants to coastal water, thereby threatening local marine life. Here, we investigated the effects of crude oil on the temporal dynamics of phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in Israeli coastal waters. To this end, we added crude oil (500 µm thick layer, with and without additional nutrients; NO₃ and PO₄) to mesocosms (1m³ bags) containing oligotrophic surface coastal water collected near Haifa during summer and winter. Changes in phytoplankton biomass, activity and diversity were monitored daily for 5-6 days. Our results demonstrate that crude oil addition resulted in a pronounced decrease in phytoplankton biomass and production rates, while heterotrophic bacterial production increased significantly. Importantly, a few days post addition we found that the oil-degrading bacteria, Oleibacter sp. and Oleispira sp. appeared in the mesocosms and that the addition of nutrients (along with the crude oil) further increased this trend. This suggests that oil-degrading bacteria may be NO₃ and PO₄ limited in Israeli coastal waters. The results of this study should enable us to establish improved science-based environmental policy with respect to handling crude oil pollution in this region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterotrophic%20bacteria" title="heterotrophic bacteria">heterotrophic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrients" title=" nutrients"> nutrients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesocosm" title=" mesocosm"> mesocosm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20pollution" title=" oil pollution"> oil pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oligotrophic" title=" oligotrophic"> oligotrophic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoplankton" title=" phytoplankton"> phytoplankton</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106147/the-effect-of-oil-pollution-on-marine-microbial-populations-in-israeli-coastal-waters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Case Studies in Three Domains of Learning: Cognitive, Affective, Psychomotor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeinabsadat%20Haghshenas">Zeinabsadat Haghshenas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bloom’s Taxonomy has been changed during the years. The idea of this writing is about the revision that has happened in both facts and terms. It also contains case studies of using cognitive Bloom’s taxonomy in teaching geometric solids to the secondary school students, affective objectives in a creative workshop for adults and psychomotor objectives in fixing a malfunctioned refrigerator lamp. There is also pointed to the important role of classification objectives in adult education as a way to prevent memory loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adult%20education" title="adult education">adult education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affective%20domain" title=" affective domain"> affective domain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20domain" title=" cognitive domain"> cognitive domain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory%20loss" title=" memory loss"> memory loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychomotor%20domain" title=" psychomotor domain"> psychomotor domain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23643/case-studies-in-three-domains-of-learning-cognitive-affective-psychomotor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23643.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> Meta-Instruction Theory in Mathematics Education and Critique of Bloom’s Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Aliesmaeili">Abdollah Aliesmaeili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to present a different perspective on the basic math teaching method called meta-instruction, which reverses the learning path. Meta-instruction is a method of teaching in which the teaching trajectory starts from brain education into learning. This research focuses on the behavior of the mind during learning. In this method, students are not instructed in mathematics, but they are educated. Another goal of the research is to "criticize Bloom's classification in the cognitive domain and reverse it", because it cannot meet the educational and instructional needs of the new generation and "substituting math education instead of math teaching". This is an indirect method of teaching. The method of research is longitudinal through four years. Statistical samples included students ages 6 to 11. The research focuses on improving the mental abilities of children to explore mathematical rules and operations by playing only with eight measurements (any years 2 examinations). The results showed that there is a significant difference between groups in remembering, understanding, and applying. Moreover, educating math is more effective than instructing in overall learning abilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applying" title="applying">applying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bloom%27s%20taxonomy" title=" Bloom's taxonomy"> Bloom's taxonomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20education" title=" brain education"> brain education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics%20teaching%20method" title=" mathematics teaching method"> mathematics teaching method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-instruction" title=" meta-instruction"> meta-instruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remembering" title=" remembering"> remembering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starmath%20method" title=" starmath method"> starmath method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=understanding" title=" understanding"> understanding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191148/meta-instruction-theory-in-mathematics-education-and-critique-of-blooms-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">29</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoplankton%20bloom&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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