CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>View source for United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":true,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"59a9dde5-df15-4797-9716-3556fb23ad77","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit","wgTitle":"United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit","wgCurRevisionId":1191108822,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":428331,"wgIsArticle":false,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"edit","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit","wgRelevantArticleId":428331,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{ "status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready", "user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.charinsert.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.edit.collapsibleFooter","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.charinsert","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming", "ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.charinsert.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/US-CourtOfAppeals-10thCircuit-Seal.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1237"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/US-CourtOfAppeals-10thCircuit-Seal.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="825"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="660"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="View source for United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit rootpage-United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit skin-vector-2022 action-edit"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=United+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Tenth+Circuit&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=United+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Tenth+Circuit&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=United+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Tenth+Circuit&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=United+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Tenth+Circuit&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">View source for United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit&action=edit" title="Edit this page"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DUnited_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit%26action%3Dedit"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DUnited_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit%26action%3Dedit"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q286918" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons: </p> <ul class="permissions-errors"><li class="mw-permissionerror-blockedtext"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> from <i>editing</i> Wikipedia.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:L235" title="User:L235">‪L235‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <div class="user-block colocation-webhost" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: #ffefd5; border: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.7em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/40px-Server-multiple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/60px-Server-multiple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/80px-Server-multiple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b>The <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a <a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">web host provider</a> or <a href="/wiki/Colocation_centre" title="Colocation centre">colocation provider</a>.</b> To prevent abuse, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked</a> from editing Wikipedia. <div style="border-top: 1px solid #AAA; clear: both">You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">proxy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a>. <p><b>We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit.</b> For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in. </p><p>If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption#Requesting_and_granting_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">request an IP block exemption</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">appeal this block</a> by adding the following text on your <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">talk page</a>: <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Unblock" title="Template:Unblock">unblock</a>|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. <i>Place any further information here.</i> ~~~~}}</code>. <b>You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated.</b> Your IP address can be determined <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Get_my_IP_address?withJS=MediaWiki:Get-my-ip.js">here</a></b></span>. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unblock_Ticket_Request_System" title="Wikipedia:Unblock Ticket Request System">unblock ticket request system</a>. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.</div></div> <p><span class="sysop-show" style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="border:#707070 solid 1px;background-color:#ffe0e0;padding:2px"><b>Administrators:</b></span> The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">IP block exemption</a> user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CheckUser" title="Wikipedia:CheckUser">CheckUser</a> needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPI#Quick_CheckUser_requests" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPI">SPI Quick Checkuser Requests</a>. <b>Unblocking</b> an IP or IP range with this template <b>is highly discouraged</b> without at least contacting the blocking administrator.</span> </p> </div></div> </div> <p>This block will expire on 18:23, 24 August 2026. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even when blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit your <a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">user talk page</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">email</a> administrators and other editors. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>For information on how to proceed, please read the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block#Common_questions" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">FAQ for blocked users</a></b> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">guideline on block appeals</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">guide to appealing blocks</a> may also be helpful. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking policy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li><li class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address range has been <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">globally blocked</a>.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis. </p><p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been globally <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <p><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </p> </div> <p>This block will expire on 15:12, 27 August 2028. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{short description|Current United States federal appellate court}} {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2014}} {{Infobox U.S. federal court | court_type = circuit | court_name = United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit | abbreviation = 10th Cir. | seal = US-CourtOfAppeals-10thCircuit-Seal.png | seal_size = 150 | map_image_name = File:10th Circuit map.svg | map_image_width = | map_image_caption = | courthouse = [[Byron White United States Courthouse|Byron White U.S. Courthouse]] | location = [[Denver, Colorado]] | appeals_from = District of Colorado | appeals_from1 = District of Kansas | appeals_from2 = District of New Mexico | appeals_from3 = Eastern District of Oklahoma | appeals_from4 = Northern District of Oklahoma | appeals_from5 = Western District of Oklahoma | appeals_from6 = District of Utah | appeals_from7 = District of Wyoming | established = March 28, 1929 | judges_assigned = 12 | circuit_justice = [[Neil Gorsuch]] | chief = [[Jerome Holmes]] | official_site = {{URL|https://www.ca10.uscourts.gov}} }} The '''United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit''' (in [[case citation]]s, '''10th Cir.''') is a [[United States federal court|federal court]] with [[appellate jurisdiction]] over the [[United States district court|district courts]] in the following [[United States federal judicial district|districts]]: * [[United States District Court for the District of Colorado|District of Colorado]] * [[United States District Court for the District of Kansas|District of Kansas]] * [[United States District Court for the District of New Mexico|District of New Mexico]] * [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma|Eastern District of Oklahoma]] * [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma|Northern District of Oklahoma]] * [[United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma|Western District of Oklahoma]] * [[United States District Court for the District of Utah|District of Utah]] * [[United States District Court for the District of Wyoming|District of Wyoming]] These districts were part of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit|Eighth Circuit]] until 1929. The court is composed of nineteen active judges and is based at the [[Byron White United States Courthouse|Byron White U.S. Courthouse]] in [[Denver]], [[Colorado]]. It is one of thirteen [[United States courts of appeals]] and has jurisdiction over 560,625 square miles,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.denverpost.com/2006/11/20/10th-circuit-judges-oath-a-family-affair/ |date=20 November 2006 |work=[[The Denver Post]]|access-date=15 April 2017 |title=10th Circuit judge's oath a family affair | author=Elizabeth Aguilera}}</ref> or roughly one seventh of the country's land mass. == History == [[File:CO-Denver 1916 1 Ref.jpg|thumb|left|U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, as it appeared around 1916.]] Congress created a new judicial circuit in 1929 to accommodate the increased caseload in the federal courts. Between 1866 and 1912, twelve new states had entered the Union and been incorporated into the Eighth and Ninth Circuits. The Eighth Circuit encompassed 13 states and had become the largest in the nation.<ref name="FJC.gov">Establishment of the Tenth Judicial Circuit: "An Act To amend sections 116, 118, 126 of the Judicial Code, as amended, to divide the eighth judicial circuit of the United States, and to create a tenth judicial circuit." Federal Judiciary History. [http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/16a_bdy FJC.gov]. Retrieved September 24, 2009.</ref> Chief Justice [[William Howard Taft]] suggested the reorganization of the Eighth Circuit Court in response to widespread opposition in 1928 to a proposal to reorganize the nation's entire circuit structure. The original plan had sprung from an [[American Bar Association]] committee in 1925 and would have changed the composition of all but two circuits.<ref name="FJC.gov"/> The House of Representatives considered two proposals to divide the existing Eighth Circuit. A bill by Representative [[Walter Newton]] would separate the circuit's eastern and western states. An alternate proposal divided the northern from the southern states. With the judges and bar of the existing Eighth Circuit for Newton's bill and little opposition to dividing the circuit, lawmakers focused on providing for more judgeships and meeting places of the circuit courts of appeals in their deliberations.<ref name="FJC.gov"/> In 1929, Congress passed a law that placed the federal [[United States district court|U.S. district courts]] in [[Minnesota]], [[Iowa]], [[North Dakota]], [[South Dakota]], [[Nebraska]], [[Missouri]], and [[Arkansas]] in the Eighth Circuit and created a Tenth Circuit that included [[Wyoming]], [[Colorado]], [[Utah]], [[New Mexico]], [[Kansas]], and [[Oklahoma]]. Three additional judgeships were authorized and the sitting circuit judges were reassigned according to their residence. The Tenth Circuit was assigned a total of four judgeships.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/16a_bdy| title=Tenth Circuit Act of 1929| work=Official website of the Federal Judicial Center| access-date=October 20, 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060926090047/http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/16a_bdy  |archive-date = September 26, 2006}}</ref> == Current composition of the court == <onlyinclude> {{As of|2023|12|13|df=US}}: {{start U.S. judgeship Current}} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 38 | title = Chief Judge | name = [[Jerome Holmes]] | duty station = [[Oklahoma City|Oklahoma City, OK]] | born = 1961 | term = 2006–present | chief term = 2022–present | senior term = — | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush|G.W. Bush]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 33 | title = Circuit Judge | name = [[Harris Hartz]] | duty station = [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque, NM]] | born = 1947 | term = 2001–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush|G.W. Bush]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 36 | title = Circuit Judge | name = [[Timothy Tymkovich]] | duty station = [[Denver|Denver, CO]] | born = 1956 | term = 2003–present | chief term = 2015–2022 | senior term = — | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush|G.W. Bush]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 39 | title = Circuit Judge | name = [[Scott Matheson Jr.]] | duty station = [[Salt Lake City|Salt Lake City, UT]] | born = 1953 | term = 2010–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama|Obama]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 40 | title = Circuit Judge | name = [[Robert E. Bacharach]] | duty station = [[Oklahoma City|Oklahoma City, OK]] | born = 1959 | term = 2013–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama|Obama]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 41 | title = Circuit Judge | name = [[Gregory A. Phillips]] | duty station = [[Cheyenne, Wyoming|Cheyenne, WY]] | born = 1960 | term = 2013–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama|Obama]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 42 | title = Circuit Judge | name = [[Carolyn B. McHugh]] | duty station = [[Salt Lake City|Salt Lake City, UT]] | born = 1957 | term = 2014–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama|Obama]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 43 | title = Circuit Judge | name = [[Nancy Moritz]] | duty station = [[Topeka, Kansas|Topeka, KS]] | born = 1960 | term = 2014–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama|Obama]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 44 | title = Circuit Judge | name = [[Allison H. Eid]] | duty station = [[Denver|Denver, CO]] | born = 1965 | term = 2017–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump|Trump]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 45 | title = Circuit Judge | name = [[Joel M. Carson III]] | duty station = [[Roswell, New Mexico|Roswell, NM]] | born = 1971 | term = 2018–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump|Trump]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 46 | title = Circuit Judge | name = [[Veronica S. Rossman]] | duty station = [[Denver|Denver, CO]] | born = 1972 | term = 2021–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden|Biden]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 47 | title = Circuit Judge | name = [[Richard Federico]] | duty station = [[Topeka, Kansas|Topeka, KS]] | born = 1977 | term = 2023–present | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden|Biden]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 21 | title = Senior Circuit Judge | name = [[Stephanie Kulp Seymour]] | duty station = [[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa, OK]] | born = 1940 | term = 1979–2005 | chief term = 1994–2000 | senior term = 2005–present | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter|Carter]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 22 | title = Senior Circuit Judge | name = [[John Carbone Porfilio]]<ref>Prior to January 8, 1996, Judge Porfilio was named John Porfilio Moore.</ref> | duty station = ''inactive'' | born = 1934 | term = 1985–1999 | chief term = — | senior term = 1999–present | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 23 | title = Senior Circuit Judge | name = [[Stephen H. Anderson]] | duty station = ''inactive'' | born = 1932 | term = 1985–2000 | chief term = — | senior term = 2000–present | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 25 | title = Senior Circuit Judge | name = [[Bobby Baldock]] | duty station = [[Roswell, New Mexico|Roswell, NM]] | born = 1936 | term = 1985–2001 | chief term = — | senior term = 2001–present | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 26 | title = Senior Circuit Judge | name = [[Wade Brorby]] | duty station = ''inactive'' | born = 1934 | term = 1988–2001 | chief term = — | senior term = 2001–present | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 27 | title = Senior Circuit Judge | name = [[David M. Ebel]] | duty station = [[Denver|Denver, CO]] | born = 1940 | term = 1988–2006 | chief term = — | senior term = 2006–present | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 28 | title = Senior Circuit Judge | name = [[Paul Joseph Kelly Jr.]] | duty station = [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe, NM]] | born = 1940 | term = 1992–2017 | chief term = — | senior term = 2017–present | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush|G.H.W. Bush]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 30 | title = Senior Circuit Judge | name = [[Mary Beck Briscoe]] | duty station = [[Lawrence, Kansas|Lawrence, KS]] | born = 1947 | term = 1995–2021 | chief term = 2010–2015 | senior term = 2021–present | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton|Clinton]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 31 | title = Senior Circuit Judge | name = [[Carlos F. Lucero]] | duty station = [[Denver|Denver, CO]] | born = 1940 | term = 1995–2021 | chief term = — | senior term = 2021–present | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton|Clinton]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 32 | title = Senior Circuit Judge | name = [[Michael R. Murphy]] | duty station = [[Salt Lake City|Salt Lake City, UT]] | born = 1947 | term = 1995–2012 | chief term = — | senior term = 2012–present | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton|Clinton]] }} {{U.S. judgeship row Current | index = 34 | title = Senior Circuit Judge | name = [[Terrence L. O'Brien]] | duty station = [[Cheyenne, Wyoming|Cheyenne, WY]] | born = 1943 | term = 2002–2013 | chief term = — | senior term = 2013–present | appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush|G.W. Bush]] }} {{end U.S. judgeship Current}}</onlyinclude> == List of former judges == {{start U.S. judgeship Former}} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 1 | name = {{sortname|Robert E.|Lewis}} | state = [[Colorado|CO]] | borndied = 1857–1941 | term = 1929–1940 | chief term = — | senior term = 1940–1941 | appointer = {{sortname||Harding|List of federal judges appointed by Warren G. Harding}} / [[Operation of law]]<ref>Lewis was appointed to the bench of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit]] in 1921 by [[Warren G. Harding]]. 45&nbsp;Stat.&nbsp;1346 reassigned his seat to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.</ref> | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 2 | name = {{sortname|John Hazelton|Cotteral}} | state = [[Oklahoma|OK]] | borndied = 1864–1933 | term = 1929–1933 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Coolidge|List of federal judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge}} / [[Operation of law]]<ref>Cotteral was appointed to the bench of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit]] in 1928 by [[Calvin Coolidge]]. 45&nbsp;Stat.&nbsp;1346 reassigned his seat to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.</ref> | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 3 | name = {{sortname|Orie Leon|Phillips}} | state = [[New Mexico|NM]] | borndied = 1885–1974 | term = 1929–1956 | chief term = 1948–1956 | senior term = 1956–1974 | appointer = {{sortname||Hoover|List of federal judges appointed by Herbert Hoover}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 4 | name = {{sortname|George Thomas|McDermott}} | state = [[Kansas|KS]] | borndied = 1886–1937 | term = 1929–1937 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Hoover|List of federal judges appointed by Herbert Hoover}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 5 | name = {{sortname|Sam G.|Bratton}} | state = [[New Mexico|NM]] | borndied = 1888–1963 | term = 1933–1961 | chief term = 1956–1959 | senior term = 1961–1963 | appointer = {{sortname|F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 6 | name = {{sortname|Robert L.|Williams}} | state = [[Oklahoma|OK]] | borndied = 1868–1948 | term = 1937–1939 | chief term = — | senior term = 1939–1948 | appointer = {{sortname|F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 7 | name = {{sortname|Walter A.|Huxman}} | state = [[Kansas|KS]] | borndied = 1887–1972 | term = 1939–1957 | chief term = — | senior term = 1957–1972 | appointer = {{sortname|F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 8 | name = {{sortname|Alfred P.|Murrah}} | state = [[Oklahoma|OK]] | borndied = 1904–1975 | term = 1940–1970 | chief term = 1959–1970 | senior term = 1970–1975 | appointer = {{sortname|F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 9 | name = {{sortname|John Coleman|Pickett}} | state = [[Wyoming|WY]] | borndied = 1896–1983 | term = 1949–1966 | chief term = — | senior term = 1966–1983 | appointer = {{sortname||Truman|List of federal judges appointed by Harry S. Truman}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 10 | name = {{sortname|David Thomas|Lewis}} | state = [[Utah|UT]] | borndied = 1912–1983 | term = 1956–1977 | chief term = 1970–1977 | senior term = 1977–1983 | appointer = {{sortname||Eisenhower|List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 11 | name = {{sortname|Jean Sala|Breitenstein}} | state = [[Colorado|CO]] | borndied = 1900–1986 | term = 1957–1970 | chief term = — | senior term = 1970–1986 | appointer = {{sortname||Eisenhower|List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 12 | name = {{sortname|Delmas Carl|Hill}} | state = [[Kansas|KS]] | borndied = 1906–1989 | term = 1961–1977 | chief term = — | senior term = 1977–1989 | appointer = {{sortname||Kennedy|List of federal judges appointed by John F. Kennedy}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 13 | name = {{sortname|Oliver|Seth}} | state = [[New Mexico|NM]] | borndied = 1915–1996 | term = 1962–1984 | chief term = 1977–1984 | senior term = 1984–1996 | appointer = {{sortname||Kennedy|List of federal judges appointed by John F. Kennedy}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 14 | name = {{sortname|Joe|Hickey|dab=politician}} | state = [[Wyoming|WY]] | borndied = 1911–1970 | term = 1966–1970 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname|L.|Johnson|List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 15 | name = {{sortname|William Judson|Holloway Jr.}} | state = [[Oklahoma|OK]] | borndied = 1923–2014 | term = 1968–1992 | chief term = 1984–1991 | senior term = 1992–2014 | appointer = {{sortname|L.|Johnson|List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 16 | name = {{sortname|Robert Hugh|McWilliams Jr.}} | state = [[Colorado|CO]] | borndied = 1916–2013 | term = 1970–1984 | chief term = — | senior term = 1984–2013 | appointer = {{sortname||Nixon|List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 17 | name = {{sortname|James Emmett|Barrett}} | state = [[Wyoming|WY]] | borndied = 1922–2011 | term = 1971–1987 | chief term = — | senior term = 1987–2011 | appointer = {{sortname||Nixon|List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 18 | name = {{sortname|William Edward|Doyle}} | state = [[Colorado|CO]] | borndied = 1911–1986 | term = 1971–1984 | chief term = — | senior term = 1984–1986 | appointer = {{sortname||Nixon|List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 19 | name = [[Monroe G. McKay]] | state = [[Utah|UT]] | borndied = 1928–2020 | term = 1977–1993 | chief term = 1991–1993 | senior term = 1993–2020 | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} | termination = death }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 20 | name = {{sortname|James Kenneth|Logan}} | state = [[Kansas|KS]] | borndied = 1929–2018 | term = 1977–1994 | chief term = — | senior term = 1994–1998 | appointer = {{sortname||Carter|List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter}} | termination = retirement }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 24 | name = {{sortname|Deanell Reece|Tacha}} | state = [[Kansas|KS]] | borndied = 1946–present | term = 1985–2011 | chief term = 2001–2008 | senior term = 2011 | appointer = {{sortname||Reagan|List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan}} | termination = retirement }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 29 | name = {{sortname|Robert Harlan|Henry}} | state = [[Oklahoma|OK]] | borndied = 1953–present | term = 1994–2010 | chief term = 2008–2010 | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname||Clinton|List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton}} | termination = resignation }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 35 | name = {{sortname|Michael W.|McConnell}} | state = [[Utah|UT]] | borndied = 1955–present | term = 2002–2009 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname|G.W.|Bush|List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush}} | termination = resignation }} {{U.S. judgeship row Former | index = 37 | name = {{sortname|Neil|Gorsuch}} | state = [[Colorado|CO]] | borndied = 1967–present | term = 2006–2017 | chief term = — | senior term = — | appointer = {{sortname|G.W.|Bush|List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush}} | termination = elevation to [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] }} {{end U.S. judgeship Former}} == Chief judges == {{start U.S. judge succession | float = right | seat title = Chief Judge }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Orie Leon Phillips|Phillips]] | term = 1948–1956 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Sam G. Bratton|Bratton]] | term = 1956–1959 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Alfred P. Murrah|Murrah]] | term = 1959–1970 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[David Thomas Lewis|Lewis]] | term = 1970–1977 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Oliver Seth|Seth]] | term = 1977–1984 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[William Judson Holloway Jr.|Holloway, Jr.]] | term = 1984–1991 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Monroe G. McKay|McKay]] | term = 1991–1993 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Stephanie Kulp Seymour|Seymour]] | term = 1994–2000 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Deanell Reece Tacha|Tacha]] | term = 2001–2008 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Robert Harlan Henry|Henry]] | term = 2008–2010 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Mary Beck Briscoe|Briscoe]] | term = 2010–2015 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Timothy Tymkovich|Tymkovich]] | term = 2015–2022 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''[[Jerome Holmes|Holmes]]''' | term = 2022–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{ChiefJudge}} == Succession of seats == {{seatTableIntro|twelve}} {{Clear}} {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 1 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on December 10, 1869 by the [[Judiciary Act of 1869]] as a [[United States circuit court|circuit judgeship]] for the Eighth Circuit }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Reassigned on June 16, 1891 to the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit|United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit]] by the [[Judiciary Act of 1891]] }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Reassigned on February 28, 1929 to the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit by 45&nbsp;Stat.&nbsp;1346 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Robert E. Lewis|R. Lewis]] | state = CO | term = 1929–1940 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Alfred P. Murrah|Murrah]] | state = OK | term = 1940–1970 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[William Edward Doyle|Doyle]] | state = CO | term = 1971–1984 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[David M. Ebel|Ebel]] | state = CO | term = 1988–2006 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Neil Gorsuch|Gorsuch]] | state = CO | term = 2006–2017 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''[[Allison H. Eid|Eid]]''' | state = CO | term = 2017–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 2 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on June 16, 1891 by the [[Judiciary Act of 1891]] as a seat of the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Reassigned on February 28, 1929 to the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit by 45&nbsp;Stat.&nbsp;1346 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[John Hazelton Cotteral|Cotteral]] | state = OK | term = 1929–1933 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Sam G. Bratton|Bratton]] | state = NM | term = 1933–1961 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Oliver Seth|Seth]] | state = NM | term = 1962–1984 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Bobby Baldock|Baldock]] | state = NM | term = 1985–2001 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''[[Harris Hartz|Hartz]]''' | state = NM | term = 2001–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 3 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on February 28, 1929 by 45&nbsp;Stat.&nbsp;1346 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Orie Leon Phillips|Phillips]] | state = NM | term = 1929–1956 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[David Thomas Lewis|D. Lewis]] | state = UT | term = 1956–1977 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Monroe G. McKay|McKay]] | state = UT | term = 1977–1993 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Michael R. Murphy|Murphy]] | state = UT | term = 1995–2012 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''[[Carolyn B. McHugh|McHugh]]''' | state = UT | term = 2014–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 4 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on February 28, 1929 by 45&nbsp;Stat.&nbsp;1346 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[George Thomas McDermott|McDermott]] | state = KS | term = 1929–1937 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Robert L. Williams|Williams]] | state = OK | term = 1937–1939 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Walter A. Huxman|Huxman]] | state = KS | term = 1939–1957 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Jean Sala Breitenstein|Breitenstein]] | state = CO | term = 1957–1970 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Robert Hugh McWilliams Jr.|McWilliams, Jr.]] | state = CO | term = 1970–1984 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[John Carbone Porfilio|Porfilio]] | state = CO | term = 1985–1999 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''[[Timothy Tymkovich|Tymkovich]]''' | state = CO | term = 2003–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-end}} {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 5 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on August 3, 1949 by 63&nbsp;Stat.&nbsp;493 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[John Coleman Pickett|Pickett]] | state = WY | term = 1949–1966 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Joe Hickey (politician)|Hickey]] | state = WY | term = 1966–1970 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[James Emmett Barrett|Barrett]] | state = WY | term = 1971–1987 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Wade Brorby|Brorby]] | state = WY | term = 1988–2001 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Terrence L. O'Brien|O'Brien]] | state = WY | term = 2002–2013 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''[[Gregory A. Phillips|Phillips]]''' | state = WY | term = 2013–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 6 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on May 19, 1961 by 75&nbsp;Stat.&nbsp;80 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Delmas Carl Hill|Hill]] | state = KS | term = 1961–1977 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[James Kenneth Logan|Logan]] | state = KS | term = 1977–1994 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Mary Beck Briscoe|Briscoe]] | state = KS | term = 1995–2021 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''[[Richard Federico|Federico]]''' | state = KS | term = 2023–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 7 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on June 18, 1968 by 82&nbsp;Stat.&nbsp;184 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[William Judson Holloway Jr.|Holloway, Jr.]] | state = OK | term = 1968–1992 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Robert Harlan Henry|Henry]] | state = OK | term = 1994–2010 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''[[Robert E. Bacharach|Bacharach]]''' | state = OK | term = 2013–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 8 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on October 20, 1978 by 92&nbsp;Stat.&nbsp;1629 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Stephanie Kulp Seymour|Seymour]] | state = OK | term = 1979–2005 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''[[Jerome Holmes|Holmes]]''' | state = OK | term = 2006–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-end}} {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 9 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on July 10, 1984 by 98&nbsp;Stat.&nbsp;333 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Stephen Hale Anderson|Anderson]] | state = UT | term = 1985–2000 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Michael W. McConnell|McConnell]] | state = UT | term = 2002–2009 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''[[Scott Matheson Jr.|Matheson, Jr.]]''' | state = UT | term = 2010–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 10 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on July 10, 1984 by 98&nbsp;Stat.&nbsp;333 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Deanell Reece Tacha|Tacha]] | state = KS | term = 1985–2011 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''[[Nancy Moritz|Moritz]]''' | state = KS | term = 2014–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 11 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on December 1, 1990 by 104&nbsp;Stat.&nbsp;5089 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Paul Joseph Kelly Jr.|Kelly, Jr.]] | state = NM | term = 1992–2017 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''[[Joel M. Carson III|Carson III]]''' | state = NM | term = 2018–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-break}} {{start U.S. judge succession | seat title = Seat 12 }} {{U.S. judge succession note | text = Established on December 1, 1990 by 104&nbsp;Stat.&nbsp;5089 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = [[Carlos F. Lucero|Lucero]] | state = CO | term = 1995–2021 }} {{U.S. judge succession row | name = '''[[Veronica S. Rossman|Rossman]]''' | state = CO | term = 2021–present }} {{end U.S. judge succession}} {{col-end}} == See also == * [[Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts#Tenth Circuit|Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts of the Tenth Circuit]] * [[List of current United States circuit judges]] == Notes ==  {{Reflist}} == References == * {{cite web |url = https://lawclerks.ao.uscourts.gov/web/jobSearch |title = Standard Search |work = Federal Law Clerk Information System |access-date = June 16, 2005 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051021220038/https://lawclerks.ao.uscourts.gov/web/jobSearch |archive-date = October 21, 2005 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all }} ** primary but incomplete source for the duty stations * {{cite web | url = http://www.utexas.edu/law/depts/career/downloads/judicial_listing.html | title = Instructions for Judicial Directory | work = Website of the University of Texas Law School | access-date = July 4, 2005 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051111193332/http://www.utexas.edu/law/depts/career/downloads/judicial_listing.html  |archive-date = November 11, 2005}} ** secondary source for the duty stations ** data is current to 2002 * {{cite web | url = http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/usca_10_frm?OpenFrameSet | title = U. S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit | work = Official website of the Federal Judicial Center | access-date = June 16, 2005 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050101190951/http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/usca_10_frm?OpenFrameSet |archive-date = January 1, 2005}} ** source for the state, lifetime, term of active judgeship, term of chief judgeship, term of senior judgeship, appointer, termination reason, and seat information == External links == {{wikisource index}} * [https://www.ca10.uscourts.gov United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit] * [https://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=10th&navby=year&year=recent Recent opinions from FindLaw] * [http://www.10thcircuithistory.org/ The Tenth Judicial Circuit Historical Society] {{United States courts of appeals judges}} {{United States 10th Circuit district judges}} {{United States 10th Circuit senior district judges}} {{United States Courts of Appeals}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit}} [[Category:United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit| ]] [[Category:Denver]] [[Category:Oklahoma City]] [[Category:Salt Lake City]] [[Category:Tulsa, Oklahoma]] [[Category:1929 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:Courts and tribunals established in 1929]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:!!" title="Template:!!">Template:!!</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:!!&action=edit" title="Template:!!">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:As_of" title="Template:As of">Template:As of</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:As_of&action=edit" title="Template:As of">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control" title="Template:Authority control">Template:Authority control</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Authority_control&action=edit" title="Template:Authority control">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Block_indent" title="Template:Block indent">Template:Block indent</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Block_indent&action=edit" title="Template:Block indent">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Block_indent/styles.css" title="Template:Block indent/styles.css">Template:Block indent/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Block_indent/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Block indent/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:ChiefJudge" title="Template:ChiefJudge">Template:ChiefJudge</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:ChiefJudge&action=edit" title="Template:ChiefJudge">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">Template:Cite news</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news&action=edit" title="Template:Cite news">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">Template:Cite web</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_web&action=edit" title="Template:Cite web">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Clear" title="Template:Clear">Template:Clear</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Clear&action=edit" title="Template:Clear">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Col-begin" title="Template:Col-begin">Template:Col-begin</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Col-begin&action=edit" title="Template:Col-begin">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Col-begin/styles.css" title="Template:Col-begin/styles.css">Template:Col-begin/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Col-begin/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Col-begin/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Col-break" title="Template:Col-break">Template:Col-break</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Col-break&action=edit" title="Template:Col-break">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Col-end" title="Template:Col-end">Template:Col-end</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Col-end&action=edit" title="Template:Col-end">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:DMCA" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:DMCA">Template:DMCA</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:DMCA&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:DMCA">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Dated_maintenance_category" title="Template:Dated maintenance category">Template:Dated maintenance category</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Dated_maintenance_category&action=edit" title="Template:Dated maintenance category">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Dated_maintenance_category_(articles)" title="Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)">Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Dated_maintenance_category_(articles)&action=edit" title="Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:End" title="Template:End">Template:End</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:End&action=edit" title="Template:End">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:End_U.S._judge_succession" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:End U.S. judge succession">Template:End U.S. judge succession</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:End_U.S._judge_succession&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:End U.S. judge succession">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:End_U.S._judgeship_Current" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:End U.S. judgeship Current">Template:End U.S. judgeship Current</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:End_U.S._judgeship_Current&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:End U.S. judgeship Current">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:End_U.S._judgeship_Former" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:End U.S. judgeship Former">Template:End U.S. judgeship Former</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:End_U.S._judgeship_Former&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:End U.S. judgeship Former">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME" title="Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME">Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME&action=edit" title="Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hlist/styles.css" title="Template:Hlist/styles.css">Template:Hlist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Hlist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Hlist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox" title="Template:Infobox">Template:Infobox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_U.S._federal_court" title="Template:Infobox U.S. federal court">Template:Infobox U.S. federal court</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_U.S._federal_court&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox U.S. federal court">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:MONTHNAME" title="Template:MONTHNAME">Template:MONTHNAME</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:MONTHNAME&action=edit" title="Template:MONTHNAME">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:MONTHNUMBER" title="Template:MONTHNUMBER">Template:MONTHNUMBER</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:MONTHNUMBER&action=edit" title="Template:MONTHNUMBER">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Main_other" title="Template:Main other">Template:Main other</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Main_other&action=edit" title="Template:Main other">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox" title="Template:Navbox">Template:Navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Navbox&action=edit" title="Template:Navbox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ns_has_subpages" title="Template:Ns has subpages">Template:Ns has subpages</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ns_has_subpages&action=edit" title="Template:Ns has subpages">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pagetype" title="Template:Pagetype">Template:Pagetype</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Pagetype&action=edit" title="Template:Pagetype">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Plainlist/styles.css" title="Template:Plainlist/styles.css">Template:Plainlist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Plainlist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Plainlist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">Template:Reflist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Reflist&action=edit" title="Template:Reflist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist/styles.css" title="Template:Reflist/styles.css">Template:Reflist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Reflist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Reflist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:SDcat" title="Template:SDcat">Template:SDcat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:SDcat&action=edit" title="Template:SDcat">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:SeatTableIntro" title="Template:SeatTableIntro">Template:SeatTableIntro</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:SeatTableIntro&action=edit" title="Template:SeatTableIntro">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Short_description" title="Template:Short description">Template:Short description</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Short_description&action=edit" title="Template:Short description">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck" title="Template:Short description/lowercasecheck">Template:Short description/lowercasecheck</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck&action=edit" title="Template:Short description/lowercasecheck">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Side_box" title="Template:Side box">Template:Side box</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Side_box&action=edit" title="Template:Side box">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sister_project" title="Template:Sister project">Template:Sister project</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Sister_project&action=edit" title="Template:Sister project">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sister_project/styles.css" title="Template:Sister project/styles.css">Template:Sister project/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Sister_project/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Sister project/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sortname" title="Template:Sortname">Template:Sortname</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Sortname&action=edit" title="Template:Sortname">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Start_U.S._judge_succession" title="Template:Start U.S. judge succession">Template:Start U.S. judge succession</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Start_U.S._judge_succession&action=edit" title="Template:Start U.S. judge succession">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Start_U.S._judgeship" title="Template:Start U.S. judgeship">Template:Start U.S. judgeship</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Start_U.S._judgeship&action=edit" title="Template:Start U.S. judgeship">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Start_U.S._judgeship_Current" title="Template:Start U.S. judgeship Current">Template:Start U.S. judgeship Current</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Start_U.S._judgeship_Current&action=edit" title="Template:Start U.S. judgeship Current">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Start_U.S._judgeship_Former" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Start U.S. judgeship Former">Template:Start U.S. judgeship Former</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Start_U.S._judgeship_Former&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Start U.S. judgeship Former">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Template_other" title="Template:Template other">Template:Template other</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Template_other&action=edit" title="Template:Template other">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Trim" title="Template:Trim">Template:Trim</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Trim&action=edit" title="Template:Trim">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._judge_succession_note" title="Template:U.S. judge succession note">Template:U.S. judge succession note</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:U.S._judge_succession_note&action=edit" title="Template:U.S. judge succession note">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._judge_succession_row" title="Template:U.S. judge succession row">Template:U.S. judge succession row</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:U.S._judge_succession_row&action=edit" title="Template:U.S. judge succession row">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._judgeship_row" title="Template:U.S. judgeship row">Template:U.S. judgeship row</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:U.S._judgeship_row&action=edit" title="Template:U.S. judgeship row">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._judgeship_row_Current" title="Template:U.S. judgeship row Current">Template:U.S. judgeship row Current</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:U.S._judgeship_row_Current&action=edit" title="Template:U.S. judgeship row Current">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._judgeship_row_Former" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:U.S. judgeship row Former">Template:U.S. judgeship row Former</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:U.S._judgeship_row_Former&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:U.S. judgeship row Former">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:URL" title="Template:URL">Template:URL</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:URL&action=edit" title="Template:URL">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:USC" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:USC">Template:USC</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:USC&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:USC">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:USStat" title="Template:USStat">Template:USStat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:USStat&action=edit" title="Template:USStat">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Unbulleted_list" title="Template:Unbulleted list">Template:Unbulleted list</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Unbulleted_list&action=edit" title="Template:Unbulleted list">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_10th_Circuit_district_judges" title="Template:United States 10th Circuit district judges">Template:United States 10th Circuit district judges</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:United_States_10th_Circuit_district_judges&action=edit" title="Template:United States 10th Circuit district judges">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_10th_Circuit_senior_district_judges" title="Template:United States 10th Circuit senior district judges">Template:United States 10th Circuit senior district judges</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:United_States_10th_Circuit_senior_district_judges&action=edit" title="Template:United States 10th Circuit senior district judges">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Code" title="Template:United States Code">Template:United States Code</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:United_States_Code&action=edit" title="Template:United States Code">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Courts_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:United States Courts of Appeals">Template:United States Courts of Appeals</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:United_States_Courts_of_Appeals&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:United States Courts of Appeals">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_courts_of_appeals_judges" title="Template:United States courts of appeals judges">Template:United States courts of appeals judges</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:United_States_courts_of_appeals_judges&action=edit" title="Template:United States courts of appeals judges">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_federal_courts" title="Template:United States federal courts">Template:United States federal courts</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:United_States_federal_courts&action=edit" title="Template:United States federal courts">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Use_mdy_dates" title="Template:Use mdy dates">Template:Use mdy dates</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Use_mdy_dates&action=edit" title="Template:Use mdy dates">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikisource_index" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Wikisource index">Template:Wikisource index</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikisource_index&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Wikisource index">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikisource_portal" title="Template:Wikisource portal">Template:Wikisource portal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikisource_portal&action=edit" title="Template:Wikisource portal">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno" title="Template:Yesno">Template:Yesno</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Arguments" title="Module:Arguments">Module:Arguments</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Arguments&action=edit" title="Module:Arguments">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control" title="Module:Authority control">Module:Authority control</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Authority_control&action=edit" title="Module:Authority control">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/auxiliary" title="Module:Authority control/auxiliary">Module:Authority control/auxiliary</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Authority_control/auxiliary&action=edit" title="Module:Authority control/auxiliary">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/config" title="Module:Authority control/config">Module:Authority control/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Authority_control/config&action=edit" title="Module:Authority control/config">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters" title="Module:Check for unknown parameters">Module:Check for unknown parameters</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters&action=edit" title="Module:Check for unknown parameters">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/COinS" title="Module:Citation/CS1/COinS">Module:Citation/CS1/COinS</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/COinS&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/COinS">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration">Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation">Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities">Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css" title="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css">Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Disambiguation/templates" title="Module:Disambiguation/templates">Module:Disambiguation/templates</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Disambiguation/templates&action=edit" title="Module:Disambiguation/templates">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:EditAtWikidata" title="Module:EditAtWikidata">Module:EditAtWikidata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:EditAtWikidata&action=edit" title="Module:EditAtWikidata">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Infobox" title="Module:Infobox">Module:Infobox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Infobox&action=edit" title="Module:Infobox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Infobox/styles.css" title="Module:Infobox/styles.css">Module:Infobox/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Infobox/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Infobox/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:InfoboxImage" title="Module:InfoboxImage">Module:InfoboxImage</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:InfoboxImage&action=edit" title="Module:InfoboxImage">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:List" title="Module:List">Module:List</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:List&action=edit" title="Module:List">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar" title="Module:Navbar">Module:Navbar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar/configuration" title="Module:Navbar/configuration">Module:Navbar/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar/configuration">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar/styles.css" title="Module:Navbar/styles.css">Module:Navbar/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox" title="Module:Navbox">Module:Navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox/configuration" title="Module:Navbox/configuration">Module:Navbox/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox/configuration">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox/styles.css" title="Module:Navbox/styles.css">Module:Navbox/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Ns_has_subpages" title="Module:Ns has subpages">Module:Ns has subpages</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Ns_has_subpages&action=edit" title="Module:Ns has subpages">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype" title="Module:Pagetype">Module:Pagetype</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/config" title="Module:Pagetype/config">Module:Pagetype/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/config&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/disambiguation" class="mw-redirect" title="Module:Pagetype/disambiguation">Module:Pagetype/disambiguation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/disambiguation&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Module:Pagetype/disambiguation">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/rfd" title="Module:Pagetype/rfd">Module:Pagetype/rfd</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/rfd&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/rfd">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/setindex" title="Module:Pagetype/setindex">Module:Pagetype/setindex</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/setindex&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/setindex">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/softredirect" title="Module:Pagetype/softredirect">Module:Pagetype/softredirect</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/softredirect&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/softredirect">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:SDcat" title="Module:SDcat">Module:SDcat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:SDcat&action=edit" title="Module:SDcat">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Side_box" title="Module:Side box">Module:Side box</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Side_box&action=edit" title="Module:Side box">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Side_box/styles.css" title="Module:Side box/styles.css">Module:Side box/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Side_box/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Side box/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Sort" title="Module:Sort">Module:Sort</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Sort&action=edit" title="Module:Sort">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:String" title="Module:String">Module:String</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:String&action=edit" title="Module:String">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:TableTools" title="Module:TableTools">Module:TableTools</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:TableTools&action=edit" title="Module:TableTools">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:URL" title="Module:URL">Module:URL</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:URL&action=edit" title="Module:URL">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Unsubst" title="Module:Unsubst">Module:Unsubst</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Unsubst&action=edit" title="Module:Unsubst">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Wikitext_Parsing" title="Module:Wikitext Parsing">Module:Wikitext Parsing</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikitext_Parsing&action=edit" title="Module:Wikitext Parsing">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Yesno" title="Module:Yesno">Module:Yesno</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Yesno&action=edit" title="Module:Yesno">view source</a>) (protected)</li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit&action=edit&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-fp8vw","wgBackendResponseTime":339,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.055","walltime":"0.075","ppvisitednodes":{"value":418,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":17740,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6556,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":469,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 52.927 1 -total"," 99.85% 52.850 2 Template:Blocked_text"," 41.45% 21.936 2 Template:Replace"," 37.10% 19.638 1 Template:Colocationwebhost"," 33.58% 17.772 1 Template:Hidden"," 13.69% 7.243 1 Template:Tlx"," 13.37% 7.074 1 Template:Hidden_begin"," 3.77% 1.997 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake"," 2.59% 1.371 1 Template:Hidden_end"," 1.90% 1.004 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.011","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1043412,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-fp8vw","timestamp":"20241124200718","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>