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What Are Little Boys Made Of? - Wikipedia

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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/The_Baby%27s_Opera_A_book_of_old_Rhymes_and_The_Music_by_the_Earliest_Masters_Book_Cover_10.png/220px-The_Baby%27s_Opera_A_book_of_old_Rhymes_and_The_Music_by_the_Earliest_Masters_Book_Cover_10.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/The_Baby%27s_Opera_A_book_of_old_Rhymes_and_The_Music_by_the_Earliest_Masters_Book_Cover_10.png/330px-The_Baby%27s_Opera_A_book_of_old_Rhymes_and_The_Music_by_the_Earliest_Masters_Book_Cover_10.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/The_Baby%27s_Opera_A_book_of_old_Rhymes_and_The_Music_by_the_Earliest_Masters_Book_Cover_10.png/440px-The_Baby%27s_Opera_A_book_of_old_Rhymes_and_The_Music_by_the_Earliest_Masters_Book_Cover_10.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="676" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Natural History</div></td></tr><tr class="description"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: #E6E8FA;"><a href="/wiki/Nursery_rhyme" title="Nursery rhyme">Nursery rhyme</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1820<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Robert Southey</a><br />(suggested)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: peachpuff">Tune on piano</th></tr><tr class="haudio"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:1em"><div style="display:inline-block;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="19" data-mwtitle="What_Are_Little_Boys_Made_Of?.flac" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/What_Are_Little_Boys_Made_Of%3F.flac/What_Are_Little_Boys_Made_Of%3F.flac.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;vorbis&quot;" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/What_Are_Little_Boys_Made_Of%3F.flac/What_Are_Little_Boys_Made_Of%3F.flac.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/What_Are_Little_Boys_Made_Of%3F.flac" type="audio/flac" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:What_Are_Little_Boys_Made_Of%3F.flac" title="File:What Are Little Boys Made Of?.flac">file</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">help</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>"<b>What Are Little Boys Made Of?</b>" is a <a href="/wiki/Nursery_rhyme" title="Nursery rhyme">nursery rhyme</a> dating from the early 19th century. It has a <a href="/wiki/Roud_Folk_Song_Index" title="Roud Folk Song Index">Roud Folk Song Index</a> number of 821. </p><p>The author of the rhyme is uncertain, but may be English poet <a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Robert Southey</a> (1774–1843). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lyrics">Lyrics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=What_Are_Little_Boys_Made_Of%3F&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Lyrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Here is a representative modern version of the lyrics: </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>What are little boys made of?<br /> What are little boys made of?<br /> &#160;&#160;Snips, snails<br /> &#160;&#160;And puppy-dogs' tails<br /> That's what little boys are made of<br /> <br /> What are little girls made of?<br /> What are little girls made of?<br /> &#160;&#160;Sugar and spice<br /> &#160;&#160;And everything nice [or "all things nice"]<br /> That's what little girls are made of<sup id="cite_ref-Opie1997_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opie1997-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>The rhyme appears in many variant forms. For example, other versions may describe boys as being made of "snaps", "frogs",<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> "snakes",<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or "slugs",<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> rather than "snips" as above. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=What_Are_Little_Boys_Made_Of%3F&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the earliest known versions, the first ingredient for boys is either "snips" or "snigs",<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the latter being a <a href="/wiki/Cumbrian_dialect" title="Cumbrian dialect">Cumbrian dialect</a> word for a small eel. </p><p>The rhyme sometimes appears as part of a larger work called <i>What Folks Are Made Of</i> or <i>What All the World Is Made Of</i>. Other stanzas describe what babies, young men, young women, sailors, soldiers, nurses, fathers, mothers, old men, old women, and all folks are made of. According to <a href="/wiki/Iona_and_Peter_Opie" title="Iona and Peter Opie">Iona and Peter Opie</a>, this first appears in a manuscript by the English poet <a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Robert Southey</a> (1774–1843), who added the stanzas other than the two below.<sup id="cite_ref-Opie1997_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opie1997-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Though it is not mentioned elsewhere in his works or papers, it is generally agreed to be by him.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The relevant section in the version attributed to Southey was: </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>What are little boys made of<br /> What are little boys made of<br /> Snips &amp; snails &amp; puppy dogs tails<br /> And such are little boys made of.<br /> <br /> What are little girls made of<br /> What are little girls made of<br /> Sugar &amp; spice &amp; all things nice<sup id="cite_ref-Opie1997_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opie1997-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /> And such are little girls made of. </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=What_Are_Little_Boys_Made_Of%3F&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_songs_by_Roud_number" title="List of folk songs by Roud number">List of folk songs by Roud number</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Powerpuff_Girls" title="The Powerpuff Girls">The Powerpuff Girls</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peanuts" title="Peanuts">Peanuts</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=What_Are_Little_Boys_Made_Of%3F&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Opie1997-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Opie1997_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Opie1997_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Opie1997_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOpieOpie1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Iona_and_Peter_Opie" title="Iona and Peter Opie">Opie, P.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Iona_and_Peter_Opie" title="Iona and Peter Opie">Opie, I.</a> (1997). <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes</i> (2nd&#160;ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.&#160;100–101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Nursery+Rhymes&amp;rft.pages=100-101&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Oxford%3A+Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.aulast=Opie&amp;rft.aufirst=P.&amp;rft.au=Opie%2C+I.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhat+Are+Little+Boys+Made+Of%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rzlXAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA41">"Frankenstein's Chemistry"</a>. <i>Punch</i>. <b>61</b>: 41. 29 July 1871<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Punch&amp;rft.atitle=Frankenstein%27s+Chemistry&amp;rft.volume=61&amp;rft.pages=41&amp;rft.date=1871-07-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrzlXAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA41&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhat+Are+Little+Boys+Made+Of%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaubeny1901" class="citation journal cs1">Daubeny, Giles A. (November 1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vF0DAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA215">"A Snail Hunter; Cockchafers"</a>. <i>Nature Notes: The Selborne Society's Magazine</i>. <b>12</b>: 215<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature+Notes%3A+The+Selborne+Society%27s+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=A+Snail+Hunter%3B+Cockchafers&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.pages=215&amp;rft.date=1901-11&amp;rft.aulast=Daubeny&amp;rft.aufirst=Giles+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvF0DAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA215&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhat+Are+Little+Boys+Made+Of%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWintembergWintemberg1918" class="citation journal cs1">Wintemberg, W. J.; Wintemberg, Katherine H. (January–March 1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sfkoAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA92">"Folk-Lore from Grey County, Ontario"</a>. <i>Journal of American Folk-Lore</i>. <b>31</b> (119): 83–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F534520">10.2307/534520</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/534520">534520</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+Folk-Lore&amp;rft.atitle=Folk-Lore+from+Grey+County%2C+Ontario&amp;rft.volume=31&amp;rft.issue=119&amp;rft.pages=83-124&amp;rft.date=1918-01%2F1918-03&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F534520&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F534520%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Wintemberg&amp;rft.aufirst=W.+J.&amp;rft.au=Wintemberg%2C+Katherine+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsfkoAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA92&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhat+Are+Little+Boys+Made+Of%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffin1827" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Griffin" title="Gerald Griffin">Griffin, Gerald</a> (1827). <i>Suil Dhuv, the Coiner</i>. Saunders and Otley.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Suil+Dhuv%2C+the+Coiner&amp;rft.pub=Saunders+and+Otley&amp;rft.date=1827&amp;rft.aulast=Griffin&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerald&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhat+Are+Little+Boys+Made+Of%3F" class="Z3988"></span> p. 449 of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H-HTAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA449">1842 edition</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDance1837" class="citation book cs1">Dance, Charles (1837). <i>The Bengal Tiger: A Farce</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Bengal+Tiger%3A+A+Farce&amp;rft.date=1837&amp;rft.aulast=Dance&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhat+Are+Little+Boys+Made+Of%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelamar2000" class="citation book cs1">Delamar, Gloria T. (2000). <i>Mother Goose: From Nursery to Literature</i>. IUniverse. pp.&#160;175–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-595-18577-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-595-18577-0"><bdi>0-595-18577-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mother+Goose%3A+From+Nursery+to+Literature&amp;rft.pages=175-7&amp;rft.pub=IUniverse&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=0-595-18577-0&amp;rft.aulast=Delamar&amp;rft.aufirst=Gloria+T.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhat+Are+Little+Boys+Made+Of%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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aria-labelledby="Robert_Southey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Robert_Southey" title="Template:Robert Southey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Robert_Southey" title="Template talk:Robert Southey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Robert_Southey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Robert Southey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Robert_Southey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Robert Southey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/After_Blenheim" title="After Blenheim">After Blenheim</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Inchcape_Rock" title="The Inchcape Rock">The Inchcape Rock</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cataract_of_Lodore" title="Cataract of Lodore">Cataract of Lodore</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Abou_Ben_Adhem_(poem)" title="Abou Ben Adhem (poem)">Abou Ben Adhem</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Thoughts" title="The Devil&#39;s Thoughts">The Devil's Walk</a>"</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Southey_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Robert_Southey_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg/91px-Robert_Southey_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Robert_Southey_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg/137px-Robert_Southey_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Robert_Southey_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg/183px-Robert_Southey_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg 2x" data-file-width="224" data-file-height="245" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Epic poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Kehama" title="Curse of Kehama">Curse of Kehama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_(poem)" title="Joan of Arc (poem)">Joan of Arc</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madoc_(poem)" title="Madoc (poem)">Madoc</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roderick_the_Last_of_the_Goths" title="Roderick the Last of the Goths">Roderick the Last of the Goths</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thalaba_the_Destroyer" title="Thalaba the Destroyer">Thalaba the Destroyer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Robespierre" title="The Fall of Robespierre">The Fall of Robespierre</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children's literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Goldilocks_and_the_Three_Bears" title="Goldilocks and the Three Bears">The Story of the Three Bears</a>"</li> <li>"<a class="mw-selflink selflink">What Are Little Boys Made Of?</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Poets" title="Lake Poets">Lake Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantisocracy" title="Pantisocracy">Pantisocracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Anne_Southey" title="Caroline Anne Southey">Caroline Anne Southey (second wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Southey" title="Henry Herbert Southey">Henry Herbert Southey (brother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lamb" title="Charles Lamb">Charles Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Savage_Landor" title="Walter Savage Landor">Walter Savage Landor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output 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