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Park Heong-joon - Wikipedia

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href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean name</a>, the family name is <i> <a href="/wiki/Park_(Korean_surname)" title="Park (Korean surname)">Park</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Park Heong-joon</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ko"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">박형준</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Park_Heong-joon_on_24_June_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Park_Heong-joon_on_24_June_2022.jpg/220px-Park_Heong-joon_on_24_June_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Park_Heong-joon_on_24_June_2022.jpg/330px-Park_Heong-joon_on_24_June_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Park_Heong-joon_on_24_June_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Busan" title="Mayor of Busan">Mayor of Busan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span>&#32;<br />8 April 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oh_Keo-don" title="Oh Keo-don">Oh Keo-don</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Byeon_Sung-wan" title="Byeon Sung-wan">Byeon Sung-wan</a> <small>(acting)</small></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Secretary-General of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">National Assembly</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 September 2014&#160;–&#32;20 June 2016</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chung_Jin-suk_(politician)" title="Chung Jin-suk (politician)">Chung Jin-suk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woo_Yoon-keun&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Woo Yoon-keun (page does not exist)">Woo Yoon-keun</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_Presidential_Secretary" title="Senior Presidential Secretary">Senior Secretary to the President for Political Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 September 2009&#160;–&#32;16 July 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Myung-bak" title="Lee Myung-bak">Lee Myung-bak</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maeng_Hyung-kyu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maeng Hyung-kyu (page does not exist)">Maeng Hyung-kyu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chung_Jin-suk_(politician)" title="Chung Jin-suk (politician)">Chung Jin-suk</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">National Assembly</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />30 May 2004&#160;–&#32;29 May 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoo_Heung-soo_(politician)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoo Heung-soo (politician) (page does not exist)">Yoo Heung-soo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoo_Jae-jung&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoo Jae-jung (page does not exist)">Yoo Jae-jung</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suyeong_District" title="Suyeong District">Suyeong</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1960-01-19</span>) </span>19 January 1960<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;64)</span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choryang-dong&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Choryang-dong (page does not exist)">Choryang-dong</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_District_(Busan)" class="mw-redirect" title="East District (Busan)">East District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, South Korea<sup id="cite_ref-choryang_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-choryang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Party_(South_Korea)" title="People Power Party (South Korea)">People Power</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Popular_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Popular Party (South Korea)">Popular</a> <small>(1990–1992)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(South_Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Liberal Party (South Korea)">DLP</a> <small>(1994–1995)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/New_Korea_Party" title="New Korea Party">NKP</a> <small>(1995–1997)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand National Party">GNP</a> <small>(1997–2012)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Saenuri_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Saenuri Party">Saenuri</a> <small>(2012)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Independent_politicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent politicians">Independent</a> <small>(2012–2020; 2020)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/United_Future_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United Future Party">UFP</a> <small>(2020)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Cho Hyun</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4 (including 2 with Cho)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Korea_University" title="Korea University">Korea University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Educator, journalist, politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Park_Heong-joon_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Park Heong-joon&#39;s signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Park_Heong-joon_signature.svg/128px-Park_Heong-joon_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Park_Heong-joon_signature.svg/192px-Park_Heong-joon_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Park_Heong-joon_signature.svg/256px-Park_Heong-joon_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;">Korean name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">박형준</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">朴亨埈</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Bak Hyeongjun</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="McCune–Reischauer transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Pak Hyŏngjun</i></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Park Heong-joon</b> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>&#58;&#160;<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">박형준</span></span>&#59; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>&#58;&#160;<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">朴亨埈</span></span>; born 19 January 1960) is a South Korean journalist, educator and politician. He was a former professor of the Sociology Department and Graduate School of International Studies at <a href="/wiki/Dong-a_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Dong-a University">Dong-a University</a> from 1 September 1991 to 12 March 2021. </p><p>He has been the Mayor of Busan since 8 April 2021. He was elected to the position in the <a href="/wiki/2021_South_Korean_by-elections" title="2021 South Korean by-elections">by-election a day before</a> that was provoked following the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Oh_Keo-don" title="Oh Keo-don">Oh Keo-don</a> due to the allegations of sexual harassment. He successfully defeated the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Korea,_2015)" title="Democratic Party (South Korea, 2015)">Democratic</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Kim_Young-choon" title="Kim Young-choon">Kim Young-choon</a> with a large margin. </p><p>Park represented the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand National Party">Grand National Party</a> (GNP) in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">National Assembly</a> as the Member for <a href="/wiki/Suyeong_District" title="Suyeong District">Suyeong</a> from <a href="/wiki/2004_South_Korean_legislative_election" title="2004 South Korean legislative election">2004</a> until in <a href="/wiki/2008_South_Korean_legislative_election" title="2008 South Korean legislative election">2008</a>, when he was defeated to the <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoo_Jae-jung&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoo Jae-jung (page does not exist)">Yoo Jae-jung</a>, who later returned to the GNP. Though he lost again to Yoo in 2012, he served as the Secretary-General of the National Assembly from 2014 to 2016. He also served as the <a href="/wiki/Senior_Presidential_Secretary" title="Senior Presidential Secretary">Senior Secretary to the President for Political Affairs</a> from 2009 to 2010 under the President <a href="/wiki/Lee_Myung-bak" title="Lee Myung-bak">Lee Myung-bak</a>. </p><p>Prior to his political career, Park worked as a journalist of <i><a href="/wiki/JoongAng_Ilbo" title="JoongAng Ilbo">JoongAng Ilbo</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthly_Mal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthly Mal (page does not exist)">Monthly Mal</a></i>. Since 2010s, he has been a commentator in various programmes i.e. <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tongues" title="Battle of Tongues">Battle of Tongues</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Powerful_Opponents&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Powerful Opponents (page does not exist)">Powerful Opponents</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Let%27s_Be_Politicians&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Let&#39;s Be Politicians (page does not exist)">Let's Be Politicians</a></i> and so on. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Park Heong-joon was born in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choryang-dong&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Choryang-dong (page does not exist)">Choryang-dong</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_District_(Busan)" class="mw-redirect" title="East District (Busan)">East District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, in 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-choryang_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-choryang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His father was a doctor, whom he described as "an iron hand in a velvet glove".<sup id="cite_ref-park_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Little is known of his early family life, as he prefers to not talk about it.<sup id="cite_ref-park_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Park was educated at <a href="/wiki/Daeil_High_School" title="Daeil High School">Daeil High School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korea_University" title="Korea University">Korea University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hyung_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyung-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> While studying <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a> at Korea University in 1980, he worked as an editor of the school magazine titled <i>KU Culture</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">고대문화</span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> as well as joining anti-government protests.<sup id="cite_ref-park_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During a protest on 13 May,<sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> he ran away from the venue after he found the riot police firing tear gas, which later hit the wall of Plaza Hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-park_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> One of the shrapnels soon attacked his right eye and he was soon collapsed in the road.<sup id="cite_ref-park_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Not only his legs were burnt, his right eye was also injured till being unable to see properly<sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-workaholic_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-workaholic-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cha_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cha-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> regardless of wearing spectacles, in which he was later exempted from the <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_South_Korea" title="Conscription in South Korea">national service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-park_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He then continued postgraduate studies and following the graduation, he was hired at <i><a href="/wiki/JoongAng_Ilbo" title="JoongAng Ilbo">JoongAng Ilbo</a></i> in 1983 and worked for 2 years.<sup id="cite_ref-park_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hyung_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyung-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1980s, Park was interested with <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing ideologies</a> i.e. <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-park_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phj_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phj-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Not only studying those ideologies,<sup id="cite_ref-park_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phj_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phj-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> he worked at left-leaning magazines, for example, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creation_and_Criticism&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Creation and Criticism (page does not exist)">Creation and Criticism</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reality_and_Science&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reality and Science (page does not exist)">Reality and Science</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In June 1991, he was briefly an editor of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthly_Mal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthly Mal (page does not exist)">Monthly Mal</a></i>, along with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jung_Tae-in&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jung Tae-in (page does not exist)">Jung Tae-in</a>, who later joined the <a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Justice Party (South Korea)">Justice Party</a> and became a progressive economist.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1990s, Park was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Popular Party (South Korea)">Popular Party</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-park_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cha_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cha-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> others are <a href="/wiki/Kim_Moon-soo_(politician)" title="Kim Moon-soo (politician)">Kim Moon-soo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cha_Myong-jin" title="Cha Myong-jin">Cha Myong-jin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lee_Jae-oh" title="Lee Jae-oh">Lee Jae-oh</a>; all of them are now notable conservative figures.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The party was, however, won no seats in the <a href="/wiki/1992_South_Korean_legislative_election" title="1992 South Korean legislative election">1992 election</a> and was deregistered.<sup id="cite_ref-cha_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cha-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, Park was hired by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Se-il&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Park Se-il (page does not exist)">Park Se-il</a>, who was later appointed the <a href="/wiki/Senior_Presidential_Secretary" title="Senior Presidential Secretary">Senior Secretary to the President for Policy Planning</a> to the then <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Young-sam" title="Kim Young-sam">Kim Young-sam</a>, to write and help the government's projects and policies.<sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hjp_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hjp-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He had completed <i>The Plan and Strategy of Globalisation</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">세계화 구상과 전략</span></span>) announced by the President Kim.<sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hjp_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hjp-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1995, he hosted important television debates in <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was an emcee for the debate for the <a href="/wiki/1997_South_Korean_presidential_election" title="1997 South Korean presidential election">1997</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2002_South_Korean_presidential_election" title="2002 South Korean presidential election">2002 presidential elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He also organised civic movements in Busan, such as establishing Forum New Thinking, Cultural City — Busan Creation Network<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and Movement for Decentralisation of Busan.<sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Park joined the main opposition <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand National Party">Grand National Party</a> (GNP) instead of the <i>de facto</i> ruling <a href="/wiki/Uri_Party" title="Uri Party">Uri Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phj_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phj-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Despite public criticism, he later revealed that the reason was to not just "rebuild" the GNP<sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but also run under the GNP banner was more likely to win in <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right</a>-leaning Busan.<sup id="cite_ref-phj_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phj-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, from what <i><a href="/wiki/Sisa_Journal" title="Sisa Journal">Sisa Journal</a></i> reported was that he could not trust the leadership of the then President <a href="/wiki/Roh_Moo-hyun" title="Roh Moo-hyun">Roh Moo-hyun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was nominated the GNP candidate for <a href="/wiki/Suyeong_District" title="Suyeong District">Suyeong</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2004_South_Korean_legislative_election" title="2004 South Korean legislative election">2004 election</a> and competed against the ruling candidate Huh Jin-ho. Though he came behind to Huh at early polls,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">National Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cha_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cha-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 August 2006, while he was a member of the Culture and Tourism Committee of the National Assembly, several sources reported that Park, along with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Jae-hong_(politician)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim Jae-hong (politician) (page does not exist)">Kim Jae-hong</a>, an MP of the Uri Party, had visited an <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade game</a> exhibition held in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> from 13 to 15 September 2005, using the money from game industry associations.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-game_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-game-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Amid criticisms, he said that it was an official visit suggested by the committee.<sup id="cite_ref-game_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-game-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 5 September, the Uri Party sued both Park and Kim to the Ethics Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 13 December, he was summoned by the prosecution for receiving 100 million won (£63,000) from the CEO of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andamiro&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andamiro (page does not exist)">Andamiro</a> and a gift voucher association.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, he was cleared of wrongdoing on 23 February 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2007_South_Korean_presidential_election" title="2007 South Korean presidential election">2007 presidential election</a>, Park was one of the key figures helping the GNP presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Lee_Myung-bak" title="Lee Myung-bak">Lee Myung-bak</a> to be elected the country's President. Prior to the GNP presidential primary, he chose Lee instead of <a href="/wiki/Park_Geun-hye" title="Park Geun-hye">Park Geun-hye</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sohn_Hak-kyu" title="Sohn Hak-kyu">Sohn Hak-kyu</a> (quit the GNP before the primary) as he perceived that Lee is a "individualistic conservative" compared to Park who is a "nationalistic conservative".<sup id="cite_ref-phj_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phj-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He also emphasised that South Korea needs a good Machiavellist, which could be acquired via Lee.<sup id="cite_ref-phj_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phj-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Serving as the Spokesman to Lee,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> he accused the <a href="/wiki/Blue_House" title="Blue House">Blue House</a>'s decision to sue Lee.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the election on 19 December, Lee was officially elected the President of the Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite his contributions, Park failed to get re-elected in the <a href="/wiki/2008_South_Korean_legislative_election" title="2008 South Korean legislative election">2008 election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-curse_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curse-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-parksamo_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parksamo-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-anticampaign_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anticampaign-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the election, he contested against a pro-Park Geun-hye <a href="/wiki/Independent_politicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent politicians">independent</a> candidate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoo_Jae-jung&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoo Jae-jung (page does not exist)">Yoo Jae-jung</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-parksamo_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parksamo-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-curse_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curse-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At first, he was widely expected to get re-elected.<sup id="cite_ref-parksamo_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parksamo-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, amid anti-campaigns from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parksamo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parksamo (page does not exist)">Parksamo</a> (a fan club to Park Geun-hye),<sup id="cite_ref-parksamo_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parksamo-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> he only received 27,940 votes (41.96%), compared to Yoo who had received 36,577 votes (54.93%).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In this election, another pro-Lee Myung-bak figures i.e. Lee Jae-oh, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lee_Bang-ho&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lee Bang-ho (page does not exist)">Lee Bang-ho</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Hee-jung_(politician)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim Hee-jung (politician) (page does not exist)">Kim Hee-jung</a>, also lost.<sup id="cite_ref-curse_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curse-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-anticampaign_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anticampaign-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the election, Park was appointed the Chief Spokesperson of the Blue House on 23 June.<sup id="cite_ref-chiefspoke_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chiefspoke-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 31 August 2009, he became the <a href="/wiki/Senior_Presidential_Secretary" title="Senior Presidential Secretary">Senior Secretary to the President for Political Affairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2012_South_Korean_legislative_election" title="2012 South Korean legislative election">2012 election</a>, Park was set to contest under the banner of the then ruling <a href="/wiki/Saenuri_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Saenuri Party">Saenuri</a> (successor of the GNP) banner.<sup id="cite_ref-saenuri_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saenuri-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This time, he faced a challenge from Yoo, who had already returned to the GNP (then Saenuri) following his election in 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Preselection" title="Preselection">preselection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-saenuri_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saenuri-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The party, however, suddenly changed the preselection methods, which was strongly objected by Park.<sup id="cite_ref-saenuri_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saenuri-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Park subsequently left the party and contested as an independent candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He received 24,630 votes (29.59%) and was again defeated by Yoo.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-political_career">Post-political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Post-political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 September 2014, Park was appointed the new Secretary-General of the National Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 4 December 2015, he announced he would not contest for Suyeong in the <a href="/wiki/2016_South_Korean_legislative_election" title="2016 South Korean legislative election">2016 election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His term as the Secretary-General of the National Assembly ended on 21 June 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the election lost in 2012, he has been involving in various programmes, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tongues" title="Battle of Tongues">Battle of Tongues</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Powerful_Opponents&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Powerful Opponents (page does not exist)">Powerful Opponents</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Let%27s_Be_Politicians&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Let&#39;s Be Politicians (page does not exist)">Let's Be Politicians</a></i> and so on. In 2017, he became the commentator of the conservative panel of the <i>Battle of Tongues</i>, replacing the incumbent <a href="/wiki/Jun_Won-tchack" title="Jun Won-tchack">Jun Won-tchack</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> who became a newsreader of <a href="/wiki/TV_Chosun" title="TV Chosun">TV Chosun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 July 2017, at <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tongues" title="Battle of Tongues">Battle of Tongues</a></i>, Park harshly accused the main opposition <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Korea_Party" title="Liberty Korea Party">Liberty Korea Party</a> (LKP) for not learning from its past mistakes i.e. <a href="/wiki/2016_South_Korean_political_scandal" title="2016 South Korean political scandal">2016 political scandal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lkp_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lkp-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He also added that the party is only targeting <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> and elderly voters.<sup id="cite_ref-lkp_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lkp-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_politics">Return to politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Return to politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 9 January 2020, Park was appointed the Chairman of the Advance Committee for Innovation and Unity, an organisation seeking the unity of <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrist</a> and conservative parties including the then Liberty Korea Party (LKP) and the <a href="/wiki/New_Conservative_Party_(South_Korea)" title="New Conservative Party (South Korea)">New Conservative Party</a> (NCP).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As a result, major conservative parties including both the LKP and the NCP was merged into the newly formed <a href="/wiki/United_Future_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United Future Party">United Future Party</a> (UFP).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 March, prior to the <a href="/wiki/2020_South_Korean_legislative_election" title="2020 South Korean legislative election">2020 election</a>, Park applied to nominate himself as a candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Future_Korea_Party" title="Future Korea Party">Future Korea Party</a> (FKP), the <a href="/wiki/Satellite_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite party">satellite party</a> to the UFP.<sup id="cite_ref-satellite_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satellite-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fkp_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fkp-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He, however, retracted the decision within 2 hours following the public backlash of his decision.<sup id="cite_ref-satellite_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satellite-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fkp_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fkp-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He later apologised for the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-satellite_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satellite-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fkp_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fkp-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the general election, the UFP-FKP alliance only secured 103 out of 300 seats, the worst result as a major conservative party since 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The party president, <a href="/wiki/Hwang_Kyo-ahn" title="Hwang Kyo-ahn">Hwang Kyo-ahn</a>, who contested for <a href="/wiki/Jongno_District" title="Jongno District">Jongno</a>, was also defeated by the former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Lee_Nak-yon" title="Lee Nak-yon">Lee Nak-yon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Park cited that the party lost about 30 seats due to hate speeches and defamatory remarks of its several candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The party renamed itself to the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Party_(South_Korea)" title="People Power Party (South Korea)">People Power Party</a> (PPP).<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 October, Park officially rejoined the PPP, the same day when the former President Lee Myung-bak was sentenced to 17 years in jail.<sup id="cite_ref-jail_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jail-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prison_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prison-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021_Busan_mayoral_election">2021 Busan mayoral election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: 2021 Busan mayoral election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2021_Busan_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Busan mayoral election">2021 Busan mayoral election</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Excessive_citations plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-citation_style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_overkill" title="Wikipedia:Citation overkill">excessive number of citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_overkill#How_to_trim_excessive_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citation overkill">remove low-quality or irrelevant citations</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The resignation of the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Busan" title="Mayor of Busan">Mayor of Busan</a> <a href="/wiki/Oh_Keo-don" title="Oh Keo-don">Oh Keo-don</a> on 23 April 2020 following the allegations of sexual harassment has provoked the by-election in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the election, Park was considered one of the potential candidate of the UFP (then PPP), along with an ex-MP <a href="/wiki/Lee_Un-ju" title="Lee Un-ju">Lee Un-ju</a>, the former Mayor <a href="/wiki/Suh_Byung-soo" title="Suh Byung-soo">Suh Byung-soo</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Dongnae_District" title="Dongnae District">Dongnae</a> Mayor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lee_Jin-bok&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lee Jin-bok (page does not exist)">Lee Jin-bok</a> and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jail_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jail-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prison_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prison-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-choryang_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-choryang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 31 August, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kookje_Daily_News" title="The Kookje Daily News">The Kookje Daily News</a></i> had reported that Park was considering to run for the election.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 December, Park officially launched his bid for Busan mayorship at Busan Port International Exhibition &amp; Convention Centre.<sup id="cite_ref-busan_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-busan-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mayor_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayor-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Following are the manifestos included in his declaration:<sup id="cite_ref-busan_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-busan-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mayor_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayor-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Building the <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Busan_Airport&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="New Busan Airport (page does not exist)">new airport</a> (replacing the incumbent <a href="/wiki/Gimhae_International_Airport" title="Gimhae International Airport">Gimhae International Airport</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Gadeok_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadeok Island">Gadeok Island</a></li> <li>Developing the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Busan" title="Port of Busan">Port of Busan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a> education for primary and secondary students</li></ul> <p>On 4 March 2021, Park won PPP preselection with obtaining 54.40%, defeating the former Deputy Mayor of Busan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Seong-hun_(politician)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Park Seong-hun (politician) (page does not exist)">Park Seong-hun</a> and the former MP for <a href="/wiki/Gwangmyeong" title="Gwangmyeong">Gwangmyeong</a> 2nd constituency <a href="/wiki/Lee_Un-ju" title="Lee Un-ju">Lee Un-ju</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>From November 2020 to March 2020, various polls indicated that he had been the most favourable candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 March 2021, Park posted on his <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> that he has quit as a professor of Dong-a University that he had been working from 1 September 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-donga1_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donga1-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-donga2_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donga2-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He indicated that he would permanently quit as a scholar but become as a full-time politician.<sup id="cite_ref-donga1_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donga1-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-donga2_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donga2-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, on 25 March, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hankyoreh" title="The Hankyoreh">The Hankyoreh</a></i> reported that his withdrawal from Dong-a University was shortly after he opened courses for a new semester.<sup id="cite_ref-hankyoreh_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hankyoreh-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to the newspaper, Park had opened 2 courses (1 for postgraduate and 1 other for doctorate) in February and the course selection period was from 15 to 25 February, while he was contesting PPP preselection for Busan mayorship.<sup id="cite_ref-hankyoreh_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hankyoreh-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As the first class was on 4 March, the same day he was officially nominated as the candidate, the lecturer-in-charge for the doctorate course was immediately replaced to another person while the postgraduate course was abolished.<sup id="cite_ref-hankyoreh_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hankyoreh-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This movement provoked a public uproar; one professor whom he used to work together with Park condemned that "the students' rights to learn were trampled".<sup id="cite_ref-hankyoreh_77-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hankyoreh-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On the other hand, Park's election campaign revealed that Park has already resigned on 28 February, but there were some issues with the resignation letter, and could only be submitted on 2 March (accepted a week later).<sup id="cite_ref-hankyoreh_77-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hankyoreh-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> They also indicated that the postgraduate course was abolished due to the lack of students.<sup id="cite_ref-hankyoreh_77-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hankyoreh-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exit poll released shortly after the election on 7 April showed that Park was expected to obtain 64.0%, while the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Korea,_2015)" title="Democratic Party (South Korea, 2015)">Democratic</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Kim_Young-choon" title="Kim Young-choon">Kim Young-choon</a> could only receive 33.0%.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He expressed his gratitude to his supporters after he was confirmed to be elected.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At 02:30 KST 8 April, the ballot counting was finished, and Park received 961,576 votes (62.67%).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mayor_of_Busan">Mayor of Busan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Mayor of Busan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Park took the oath of office at 11:00 <a href="/wiki/Time_in_South_Korea" title="Time in South Korea">KST</a> 8 April 2021 after he received a certificate of election from the <a href="/wiki/National_Election_Commission_(South_Korea)" title="National Election Commission (South Korea)">Busan Metropolitan City Election Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kst_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kst-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His first term ended on 30 June 2022 as he was elected in a by-election; he served the remaining term of Oh Keo-don.<sup id="cite_ref-kst_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kst-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was re-elected in the <a href="/wiki/2022_South_Korean_local_elections" title="2022 South Korean local elections">8th local elections</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and will serve his second term as mayor until 30 June 2026. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inauguration">Inauguration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Inauguration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Park paid a visit to <a href="/wiki/Chungnyeolsa_(Busan)" title="Chungnyeolsa (Busan)">Chungnyeolsa</a> at 8:30 KST 8 April, and then subsequently headed to the City Election Commission, where he received a certificate of election.<sup id="cite_ref-inauguration_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inauguration-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His inauguration ceremony at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Busan_Metropolitan_City_Hall&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Busan Metropolitan City Hall (page does not exist)">Busan Metropolitan City Hall</a> was proceeded with an online format<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> due to the <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">social distancing</a> measurement Tier 2 in order to curb the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-inauguration_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inauguration-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_orientation">Political orientation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Political orientation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formerly a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-park_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-joon_4-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phj_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phj-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-exleft_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exleft-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Park's political stance has been moved to <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2007, he also declared himself as a "centre-right".<sup id="cite_ref-phj_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phj-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the administration of Lee Myung-bak, he set the government's stance as centrist pragmatism.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nowadays, Park is critical towards left-wing ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-exleft_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exleft-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He criticised South Korean leftists as "being too <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalistic</a> in front of <a href="/wiki/Korean_reunification" title="Korean reunification">reunification</a> issues".<sup id="cite_ref-populism_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-populism-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He also calls the <a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a> government's policy to increase the <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a> to 10,000 <a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">won</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>6.7) as a "<a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a> policy".<sup id="cite_ref-populism_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-populism-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Park married Cho Hyun, a businesswoman who has been operating Cho Hyun Gallery (World Gallery before 2008) since 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Her mother died in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Both has a son and a daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-chiefspoke_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chiefspoke-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 17 March 2021, he revealed through his Facebook that Cho Hyun is his second wife.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>JoongAng Ilbo</i> reported 2 days later that Cho has already been having a daughter and a son with her ex-husband, and then remarried Park in December 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Title</th> <th>Network </th></tr> <tr> <td>2013–2019</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tongues" title="Battle of Tongues">Battle of Tongues</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/JTBC" title="JTBC">JTBC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Power&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Last Power (page does not exist)">The Last Power</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System" title="Seoul Broadcasting System">SBS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014–2018</td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Issue_Talk_%E2%80%94_We_Will_Tell_You_Issues&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Issue Talk — We Will Tell You Issues (page does not exist)">Issue Talk — We Will Tell You Issues</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019–2020</td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Let%27s_Be_Politicians&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Let&#39;s Be Politicians (page does not exist)">Let's Be Politicians</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Korea_Broadcasting_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Korea Broadcasting System">KBS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019-</td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Powerful_Opponents&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Powerful Opponents (page does not exist)">Powerful Opponents</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/TV_Chosun" title="TV Chosun">TV Chosun</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Modern Society and Ethics</i> (1990)<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Modern Labour Process Theory</i> (1991)<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Modern Society and Ideology</i> (1992)<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Frontier of the 21st Century</i> (1994)<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Digitisation — The Meaning in the History of Civilisation and the Way of National Strategy</i> (1996)<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Understanding the 21st Century</i> (1997)<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Reflective Civil Society and Citizens' Movement</i> (2001)<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>A Study on the Application of Regulatory Negotiations</i> (2007)<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Korean Society — What and How to Change</i> (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Reconstitution of Conservatism</i> (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_elections">General elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: General elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Constituency</th> <th>Political party</th> <th>Votes (%)</th> <th>Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <td>2004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suyeong_District" title="Suyeong District">Suyeong</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand National Party">GNP</a></td> <td>50,803 (58.80%)</td> <td><b>Won</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suyeong_District" title="Suyeong District">Suyeong</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand National Party">GNP</a></td> <td>27,940 (41.96%)</td> <td>Defeated </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suyeong_District" title="Suyeong District">Suyeong</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent politicians">Independent</a></td> <td>24,630 (29.59%)</td> <td>Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_elections">Local elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Local elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mayor_of_Busan_2">Mayor of Busan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Mayor of Busan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Political party</th> <th>Votes (%)</th> <th>Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Party_(South_Korea)" title="People Power Party (South Korea)">PPP</a></td> <td>961,576 (62.67%)</td> <td><b>Won</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-choryang-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-choryang_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-choryang_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-choryang_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbsi.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=3007842"><bdi lang="ko">국민의힘 박형준 "부산 초량동서 태어난 부산 사람...부울경 메가시티? '지적재산권'은 나의 것"</bdi></a>. 13 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC%EC%9D%98%ED%9E%98+%EB%B0%95%ED%98%95%EC%A4%80+%22%EB%B6%80%EC%82%B0+%EC%B4%88%EB%9F%89%EB%8F%99%EC%84%9C+%ED%83%9C%EC%96%B4%EB%82%9C+%EB%B6%80%EC%82%B0+%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C...%EB%B6%80%EC%9A%B8%EA%B2%BD+%EB%A9%94%EA%B0%80%EC%8B%9C%ED%8B%B0%3F+%27%EC%A7%80%EC%A0%81%EC%9E%AC%EC%82%B0%EA%B6%8C%27%EC%9D%80+%EB%82%98%EC%9D%98+%EA%B2%83%22&amp;rft.date=2020-10-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbsi.co.kr%2Fnews%2FarticleView.html%3Fidxno%3D3007842&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APark+Heong-joon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-park-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-park_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-park_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-park_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-park_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-park_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-park_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-park_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-park_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-park_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-park_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-park_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.tf.co.kr/read/ptoday/968866.htm"><bdi lang="ko">&#91;비하인드스토리&#93; 박형준 "최루탄 오른쪽 눈 강타...실명위기할 뻔"</bdi></a>. 8 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%5B%EB%B9%84%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%93%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC%5D+%EB%B0%95%ED%98%95%EC%A4%80+%22%EC%B5%9C%EB%A3%A8%ED%83%84+%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B8%EC%AA%BD+%EB%88%88+%EA%B0%95%ED%83%80...%EC%8B%A4%EB%AA%85%EC%9C%84%EA%B8%B0%ED%95%A0+%EB%BB%94%22&amp;rft.date=2011-09-08&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.tf.co.kr%2Fread%2Fptoday%2F968866.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APark+Heong-joon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hyung-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hyung_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hyung_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.joins.com/article/4867101"><bdi lang="ko">&#91;프로필&#93;박형준 靑 사회특별보좌관</bdi></a>. 31 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%5B%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%ED%95%84%5D%EB%B0%95%ED%98%95%EC%A4%80+%E9%9D%91+%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%ED%8A%B9%EB%B3%84%EB%B3%B4%EC%A2%8C%EA%B4%80&amp;rft.date=2010-12-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.joins.com%2Farticle%2F4867101&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APark+Heong-joon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-joon-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joon_4-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sisajournal.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=83452"><bdi lang="ko">3040리더④/한나라당 박형준 당선자</bdi></a>. 25 May 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EB%B0%95%ED%98%95%EC%A4%80%E3%86%8D%EA%B9%80%EC%9E%AC%ED%99%8D%2C+%27%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4%EB%B2%A0%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4+%EA%B2%8C%EC%9E%84%EC%87%BC%27+%EB%B0%A9%EB%AC%B8+%EB%85%BC%EB%9E%80&amp;rft.date=2006-08-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressian.com%2Fpages%2Farticles%2F81344%3Fno%3D81344%230DKU&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APark+Heong-joon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mbn.co.kr/news/politics/122402"><bdi lang="ko">열린우리당, 김재홍·박형준 윤리위 제소</bdi></a>. 5 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EB%B3%B4%EC%88%98%EC%95%BC%EA%B6%8C%2C+%EC%83%88%EC%A0%95%EB%8B%B9+%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A0%EB%8B%A4...%27%ED%86%B5%ED%95%A9%EC%B6%94%EC%A7%84%EC%9C%84%27+%EC%9C%84%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%A5%EC%97%90+%EB%B0%95%ED%98%95%EC%A4%80&amp;rft.date=2020-01-09&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hani.co.kr%2Farti%2Fpolitics%2Fassembly%2F923777.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APark+Heong-joon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.joins.com/article/23678302"><bdi lang="ko">보수통합 '혁통위' 출범, 위원장 박형준..."안철수까지 참여해야"</bdi></a>. 9 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EB%B3%B4%EC%88%98%ED%86%B5%ED%95%A9+%27%ED%98%81%ED%86%B5%EC%9C%84%27+%EC%B6%9C%EB%B2%94%2C+%EC%9C%84%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%A5+%EB%B0%95%ED%98%95%EC%A4%80...%22%EC%95%88%EC%B2%A0%EC%88%98%EA%B9%8C%EC%A7%80+%EC%B0%B8%EC%97%AC%ED%95%B4%EC%95%BC%22&amp;rft.date=2020-01-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.joins.com%2Farticle%2F23678302&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APark+Heong-joon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.jtbc.joins.com/html/111/NB11935111.html"><bdi lang="ko">미래통합당 대표에 황교안...민주당 "돌고 돌아 새누리당"</bdi></a>. 17 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EB%AF%B8%EB%9E%98%ED%86%B5%ED%95%A9%EB%8B%B9+%EB%8C%80%ED%91%9C%EC%97%90+%ED%99%A9%EA%B5%90%EC%95%88...%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EB%8B%B9+%22%EB%8F%8C%EA%B3%A0+%EB%8F%8C%EC%95%84+%EC%83%88%EB%88%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%8B%B9%22&amp;rft.date=2020-02-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.jtbc.joins.com%2Fhtml%2F111%2FNB11935111.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APark+Heong-joon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-satellite-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-satellite_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-satellite_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-satellite_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2020/03/09/2020030903104.html"><bdi lang="ko">박형준, 2시간만에 비례대표 공천 신청 철회... 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EB%B6%80%EC%82%B0%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5+%ED%8C%90%EC%84%B8+%27%EC%95%88%EA%B0%AF%EC%86%8D%27...%EC%A0%84%ED%98%B8%ED%99%98%C2%B7%EB%B0%95%ED%95%9C%EC%9D%BC%C2%B7%EB%B0%95%ED%98%95%EC%A4%80+%EC%B6%9C%EB%A7%88+%EC%A0%80%EC%9A%B8%EC%A7%88&amp;rft.date=2020-08-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kookje.co.kr%2Fnews2011%2Fasp%2Fnewsbody.asp%3Fcode%3D0100%26key%3D20200901.22012009507&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APark+Heong-joon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-busan-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-busan_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-busan_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=5071728"><bdi lang="ko">박형준, 부산시장 출마선언..."정권교체 희망 주는 후보 되겠다"</bdi></a>. 15 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=21%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0+%ED%94%84%EB%A1%A0%ED%8B%B0%EC%96%B4&amp;rft.date=1994-03-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbook.naver.com%2Fbookdb%2Fbook_detail.nhn%3Fbid%3D43532&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APark+Heong-joon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.naver.com/bookdb/book_detail.nhn?bid=3431789"><bdi lang="ko">정보화의 문명사적 의미와 국가전략의 방향</bdi></a>. 30 September 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98+%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%81+%EC%9D%98%EB%AF%B8%EC%99%80+%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%A0%84%EB%9E%B5%EC%9D%98+%EB%B0%A9%ED%96%A5&amp;rft.date=1996-09-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbook.naver.com%2Fbookdb%2Fbook_detail.nhn%3Fbid%3D3431789&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APark+Heong-joon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.naver.com/bookdb/book_detail.nhn?bid=1947613">"21 세기의이해"</a>. 2 March 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=21+%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%B4&amp;rft.date=1997-03-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbook.naver.com%2Fbookdb%2Fbook_detail.nhn%3Fbid%3D1947613&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APark+Heong-joon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.naver.com/bookdb/book_detail.nhn?bid=40610"><bdi lang="ko">성찰적 시민사회와 시민운동</bdi></a>. 8 January 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EC%84%B1%EC%B0%B0%EC%A0%81+%EC%8B%9C%EB%AF%BC%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%99%80+%EC%8B%9C%EB%AF%BC%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99&amp;rft.date=2001-01-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbook.naver.com%2Fbookdb%2Fbook_detail.nhn%3Fbid%3D40610&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APark+Heong-joon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.naver.com/bookdb/book_detail.nhn?bid=4466983"><bdi lang="ko">규제협상의 적용방안에 관한 연구</bdi></a>. 31 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EA%B7%9C%EC%A0%9C%ED%98%91%EC%83%81%EC%9D%98+%EC%A0%81%EC%9A%A9%EB%B0%A9%EC%95%88%EC%97%90+%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C+%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC&amp;rft.date=2007-12-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbook.naver.com%2Fbookdb%2Fbook_detail.nhn%3Fbid%3D4466983&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APark+Heong-joon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.naver.com/bookdb/book_detail.nhn?bid=8522727"><bdi lang="ko">한국사회 무엇을 어떻게 바꿀 것인가</bdi></a>. 15 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C+%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%84+%EC%96%B4%EB%96%BB%EA%B2%8C+%EB%B0%94%EA%BF%80+%EA%B2%83%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%80&amp;rft.date=2014-12-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbook.naver.com%2Fbookdb%2Fbook_detail.nhn%3Fbid%3D8522727&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APark+Heong-joon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.naver.com/bookdb/book_detail.nhn?bid=14740406"><bdi lang="ko">보수의 재구성</bdi></a>. 11 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%EB%B3%B4%EC%88%98%EC%9D%98+%EC%9E%AC%EA%B5%AC%EC%84%B1&amp;rft.date=2019-04-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbook.naver.com%2Fbookdb%2Fbook_detail.nhn%3Fbid%3D14740406&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APark+Heong-joon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Heong-joon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC__DzFJxR5EaaFwG46_xHcQ">Park Heong-joon</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/pjun8680">Park Heong-joon</a> on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Oh_Keo-don" title="Oh Keo-don">Oh Keo-don</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lee_Byung-jin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lee Byung-jin (page does not exist)">Lee Byung-jin</a> <small>(acting)</small></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Busan" title="Mayor of Busan">Mayor of Busan</a> </b><br />2021– </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold">Incumbent</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoo_Heung-soo_(politician)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoo Heung-soo (politician) (page does not exist)">Yoo Heung-soo</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">Member of the National Assembly</a> for <a href="/wiki/Suyeong_District" title="Suyeong District">Suyeong</a> </b><br />2004–2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoo_Jae-jung&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoo Jae-jung (page does not exist)">Yoo Jae-jung</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maeng_Hyung-kyu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maeng Hyung-kyu (page does not exist)">Maeng Hyung-kyu</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Senior_Presidential_Secretary" title="Senior Presidential Secretary">Senior Secretary to the President for Political Affairs</a> </b><br />2009–2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chung_Jin-suk_(politician)" title="Chung Jin-suk (politician)">Chung Jin-suk</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chung_Jin-suk_(politician)" title="Chung Jin-suk (politician)">Chung Jin-suk</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Secretary-General of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">National Assembly</a> </b><br />2014–2016 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woo_Yoon-keun&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Woo Yoon-keun (page does not exist)">Woo Yoon-keun</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7bc9588894‐g6m69 Cached time: 20241202170813 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.411 seconds Real time usage: 1.631 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 16833/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 245658/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 13000/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 392255/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.813/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 17006706/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1485.050 1 -total 36.86% 547.460 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder 31.39% 466.124 106 Template:Cite_news 11.42% 169.599 1 Template:Infobox_Korean_name 10.79% 160.223 1 Template:Infobox_Chinese/Korean 10.72% 159.194 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office 10.62% 157.760 1 Template:Infobox 10.06% 149.435 6 Template:Lang 6.54% 97.123 1 Template:Short_description 5.21% 77.380 17 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:66248018:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241202170813 and revision id 1253652878. 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