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id="toc-Plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Plants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_single-celled_organisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_single-celled_organisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In single-celled organisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_single-celled_organisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zygote</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigoot" title="Sigoot – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sigoot" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zygote" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="بويضة مخصبة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بويضة مخصبة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigoto" title="Zigoto – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Zigoto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziqot" title="Ziqot – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ziqot" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F" title="জাইগোট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাইগোট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C5%AB-cheng-lo%C3%A1n" title="Siū-cheng-loán – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siū-cheng-loán" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Зігота – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зігота" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Зыгота – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Зыгота" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Зигота – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зигота" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zigot" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zigot" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygota" title="Zygota – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zygota" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sygot" title="Sygot – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sygot" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zygote" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zygote" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCgoot" title="Sügoot – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sügoot" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%85%CE%B3%CF%89%CF%84%CF%8C" title="Ζυγωτό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζυγωτό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigoto" title="Cigoto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cigoto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigoto" title="Zigoto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zigoto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigoto" title="Zigoto – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zigoto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AA_(%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="زیگوت (رویان‌شناسی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیگوت (رویان‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zygote" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siog%C3%B3t" title="Siogót – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Siogót" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigoto" title="Cigoto – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cigoto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%A0%95%EB%9E%80" title="수정란 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수정란" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%BF" title="Զիգոտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զիգոտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9C" title="युग्मज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="युग्मज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigota" title="Zigota – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zigota" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigoto" title="Zigoto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Zigoto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zigot" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okfruma" title="Okfruma – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Okfruma" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigote" title="Zigote – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zigote" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%98%D7%94" title="זיגוטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זיגוטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="ზიგოტა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზიგოტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Зигота – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зигота" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zig%C3%B2t" title="Zigòt – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Zigòt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%AEgot" title="Zîgot – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zîgot" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Зигота – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Зигота" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotum" title="Zygotum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Zygotum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigota" title="Zigota – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zigota" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigota" title="Zigota – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Zigota" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigoto" title="Zigoto – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Zigoto" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zig%C3%B3ta" title="Zigóta – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zigóta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Zigot" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Зигот – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зигот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%82" title="സിക്താണ്ഡം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിക്താണ്ഡം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zigot" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zygote" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E7%B2%BE%E5%8D%B5" title="受精卵 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="受精卵" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zygote" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Zygote" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zig%C3%B2t" title="Zigòt – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Zigòt" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miciraa(Zygote)" title="Miciraa(Zygote) – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Miciraa(Zygote)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigota" title="Zigota – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Zigota" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygota" title="Zygota – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zygota" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigoto" title="Zigoto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zigoto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zigot" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Зигота – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зигота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigota" title="Zigota – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zigota" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zygote" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%B3%DA%80%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%88" title="ڳڀيل بيضو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڳڀيل بيضو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygota" title="Zygota – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zygota" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigota" title="Zigota – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zigota" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Зигот – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зигот" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zigot" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Zigot" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsygootti" title="Tsygootti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tsygootti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygot" title="Zygot – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zygot" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigoto" title="Sigoto – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sigoto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81" title="கருவணு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கருவணு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82" title="సంయుక్తబీజం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సంయుక్తబీజం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95" title="ไซโกต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไซโกต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Зигота – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зигота" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zigot" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Зигота – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зигота" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AD%DB%81" title="لاقحہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لاقحہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%A3p_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Hợp tử – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hợp tử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E7%B2%BE%E5%8D%B5" title="受精卵 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="受精卵" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%88%E5%AD%90" title="合子 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="合子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E7%B2%BE%E5%8D%B5" title="受精卵 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="受精卵" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170145#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Diploid eukaryotic cell formed by fertilization between two gametes</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Zygote_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Zygote (disambiguation)">Zygote (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Fertilized egg" redirects here. For the food product, see <a href="/wiki/Balut_(food)" title="Balut (food)">Balut (food)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:thistle">Zygote</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Zygote1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Zygote1.jpg/250px-Zygote1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Zygote1.jpg/375px-Zygote1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Zygote1.jpg/500px-Zygote1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1575" data-file-height="1181" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Zygote formation: <a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">egg cell</a> after <a href="/wiki/Fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilization">fertilization</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm</a>. The male and female <a href="/wiki/Pronuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronuclei">pronuclei</a> are converging, but the genetic material is not yet united.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Days</th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Embryology" title="Embryology">Precursor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gamete" title="Gamete">Gametes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Embryology" title="Embryology">Gives rise to</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Blastomere" title="Blastomere">Blastomeres</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D015053">D015053</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Embryologica" title="Terminologia Embryologica">TE</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/THE/TE2010V1.pdf#page=10?note=Linked_from_Zygote_by_E2.0.1.2.0.0.9">E2.0.1.2.0.0.9 </a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma72395">72395</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170145" class="extiw" title="d:Q170145">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1040468660">.mw-parser-output .human-growth-dev-sidebar .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .human-growth-dev-sidebar .sidebar-heading{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .human-growth-dev-sidebar .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist human-growth-dev-sidebar"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Human_development" title="Category:Human development">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_human_body" title="Development of the human body">Human growth<br />and development</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Views_of_a_Foetus_in_the_Womb_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Views_of_a_Foetus_in_the_Womb_detail.jpg/100px-Views_of_a_Foetus_in_the_Womb_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Views_of_a_Foetus_in_the_Womb_detail.jpg/150px-Views_of_a_Foetus_in_the_Womb_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Views_of_a_Foetus_in_the_Womb_detail.jpg/200px-Views_of_a_Foetus_in_the_Womb_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="556" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Stages</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamete" title="Gamete">Gamete</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zygote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_embryonic_development" title="Human embryonic development">Embryo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">Fetus</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant" title="Infant">Infant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toddler" title="Toddler">Toddler</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child" title="Child">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preadolescence" title="Preadolescence">Preadolescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolescence" title="Adolescence">Adolescent</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_adulthood_and_early_adulthood" title="Emerging adulthood and early adulthood">Emerging and early adulthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_adult" title="Young adult">Young adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_age" title="Middle age">Middle adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_age" title="Old age">Old adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dying" title="Dying">Dying</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Biological milestones</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_fertilization" title="Human fertilization">Fertilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">Childbirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_motor_skill#Learning_to_walk" title="Gross motor skill">Walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_acquisition" title="Language acquisition">Language acquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">Puberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">Menopause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ageing" title="Ageing">Ageing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">Death</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Developmental_psychology" title="Developmental psychology">Development and psychology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_and_perinatal_psychology" title="Prenatal and perinatal psychology">Pre- and perinatal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_development_stages" title="Child development stages">Infant and child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_versus_nurture" title="Nature versus nurture">Nature versus nurture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolescence#psychology" title="Adolescence">Adolescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_youth_development" title="Positive youth development">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_adult" title="Young adult">Young adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_development" title="Adult development">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturity_(psychological)" title="Maturity (psychological)">Maturity</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Developmental_stage_theories" title="Developmental stage theories">Developmental stage theories</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_theory" title="Attachment theory">Attachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_systems_theory" title="Ecological systems theory">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erikson%27s_stages_of_psychosocial_development" title="Erikson's stages of psychosocial development">Psychosocial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychosexual_development" title="Psychosexual development">Psychosexual development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kohlberg%27s_stages_of_moral_development" title="Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development">Moral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaget%27s_theory_of_cognitive_development" title="Piaget's theory of cognitive development">Cognitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural-historical_psychology" title="Cultural-historical psychology">Cultural-historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_developmental_psychology" title="Evolutionary developmental psychology">Evolutionary</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/16px-Psi2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/24px-Psi2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/32px-Psi2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Psychology" title="Portal:Psychology">Psychology portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_growth_and_development_sidebar" title="Template:Human growth and development sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_growth_and_development_sidebar" title="Template talk:Human growth and development sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_growth_and_development_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human growth and development sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>zygote</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>; from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> <i> </i>ζυγωτός<i> (zygōtós)</i> 'joined, yoked', from <i> </i>ζυγοῦν<i> (zygoun)</i> 'to join, to yoke')<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">eukaryotic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cell</a> formed by a <a href="/wiki/Fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilization">fertilization</a> event between two <a href="/wiki/Gamete" title="Gamete">gametes</a>. The zygote's <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> is a combination of the DNA in each gamete, and contains all of the genetic information of a new individual organism. The sexual fusion of haploid cells is called <a href="/wiki/Karyogamy" title="Karyogamy">karyogamy</a>, the result of which is the formation of a <a href="/wiki/Ploidy#Haploid_and_monoploid" title="Ploidy">diploid cell</a> called the zygote or zygospore. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygote&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>German zoologists <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hertwig" title="Oscar Hertwig">Oscar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hertwig" title="Richard Hertwig">Richard Hertwig</a> made some of the first discoveries on animal zygote formation in the late 19th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_multicellular_organisms">In multicellular organisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygote&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In multicellular organisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The zygote is the earliest developmental stage. In humans and most other <a href="/wiki/Anisogamy" title="Anisogamy">anisogamous</a> organisms, a zygote is formed when an <a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">egg cell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm cell</a> come together to create a new unique organism. </p><p>The formation of a <a href="/wiki/Cell_potency" title="Cell potency">totipotent</a> zygote with the potential to produce a whole organism depends on <a href="/wiki/Epigenetics" title="Epigenetics">epigenetic</a> reprogramming. <a href="/wiki/DNA_demethylation" title="DNA demethylation">DNA demethylation</a> of the paternal <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> in the zygote appears to be an important part of epigenetic reprogramming.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27916276_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27916276-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the paternal genome of the mouse, demethylation of DNA, particularly at sites of methylated cytosines, is likely a key process in establishing totipotency. Demethylation involves the processes of <a href="/wiki/Base_excision_repair" title="Base excision repair">base excision repair</a> and possibly other DNA-repair–based mechanisms.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27916276_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27916276-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humans">Humans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygote&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_human_body" title="Development of the human body">Development of the human body</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_fertilization" title="Human fertilization">Human fertilization</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egg_cell_fertilization_-_Zygote.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Egg_cell_fertilization_-_Zygote.png/220px-Egg_cell_fertilization_-_Zygote.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Egg_cell_fertilization_-_Zygote.png/330px-Egg_cell_fertilization_-_Zygote.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Egg_cell_fertilization_-_Zygote.png/440px-Egg_cell_fertilization_-_Zygote.png 2x" data-file-width="2830" data-file-height="2036" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Human_fertilization" title="Human fertilization">human fertilization</a>, a released ovum (a haploid secondary <a href="/wiki/Oocyte" title="Oocyte">oocyte</a> with replicate chromosome copies) and a haploid <a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm</a> cell (<a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">male</a> gamete) combine to form a single <a href="/wiki/Diploid_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploid cell">diploid cell</a> called the zygote. Once the single sperm fuses with the oocyte, the latter completes the division of the second <a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">meiosis</a> forming a haploid daughter with only 23 chromosomes, almost all of the cytoplasm, and the male <a href="/wiki/Pronucleus" title="Pronucleus">pronucleus</a>. The other product of meiosis is the second polar body with only chromosomes but no ability to replicate or survive. In the fertilized daughter, DNA is then replicated in the two separate pronuclei derived from the sperm and ovum, making the zygote's chromosome number temporarily <a href="/wiki/Ploidy" title="Ploidy">4n diploid</a>. After approximately 30 hours from the time of fertilization, a fusion of the pronuclei and immediate mitotic division produce two <a href="/wiki/Ploidy" title="Ploidy">2n diploid</a> daughter cells called <a href="/wiki/Blastomere" title="Blastomere">blastomeres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the stages of fertilization and <a href="/wiki/Implantation_(human_embryo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Implantation (human embryo)">implantation</a>, the developing <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryo</a> is sometimes termed as a <i>preimplantation-<a href="/wiki/Conceptus" title="Conceptus">conceptus</a></i>. This stage has also been referred to as the <b>pre-embryo</b> in legal discourses including relevance to the use of embryonic stem cells.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the US the National Institutes of Health has determined that the traditional classification of pre-implantation embryo is still correct.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After fertilization, the conceptus travels down the <a href="/wiki/Fallopian_tube" title="Fallopian tube">fallopian tube</a> towards the <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterus</a> while continuing to <a href="/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis">divide</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> without actually increasing in size, in a process called <a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(embryo)" title="Cleavage (embryo)">cleavage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After four divisions, the conceptus consists of 16 blastomeres, and it is known as the <a href="/wiki/Morula" class="mw-redirect" title="Morula">morula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the processes of compaction, cell division, and blastulation, the conceptus takes the form of the <a href="/wiki/Blastocyst" title="Blastocyst">blastocyst</a> by the fifth day of development, just as it approaches the site of implantation.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the blastocyst hatches from the <a href="/wiki/Zona_pellucida" title="Zona pellucida">zona pellucida</a>, it can implant in the endometrial lining of the uterus and begin the <a href="/wiki/Gastrulation" title="Gastrulation">gastrulation</a> stage of embryonic development. </p><p>The human zygote has been genetically edited in experiments designed to cure inherited diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fungi">Fungi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygote&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fungi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In fungi, this cell may then enter meiosis or mitosis depending on the life cycle of the species.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plants">Plants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygote&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Plants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In plants, the zygote may be <a href="/wiki/Ploidy#Polyploidy" title="Ploidy">polyploid</a> if fertilization occurs between meiotically unreduced gametes. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Embryophyte" title="Embryophyte">land plants</a>, the zygote is formed within a chamber called the <a href="/wiki/Archegonium" title="Archegonium">archegonium</a>. In seedless plants, the archegonium is usually flask-shaped, with a long hollow neck through which the sperm cell enters. As the zygote divides and grows, it does so inside the archegonium.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_single-celled_organisms">In single-celled organisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygote&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In single-celled organisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The zygote can divide asexually by <a href="/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis">mitosis</a> to produce identical offspring.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A <i><a href="/wiki/Chlamydomonas" title="Chlamydomonas">Chlamydomonas</a></i> zygote contains <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast_DNA" title="Chloroplast DNA">chloroplast DNA</a> (cpDNA) from both parents; such cells are generally rare, since normally cpDNA is inherited uniparentally from the mt+ mating type parent. These rare biparental zygotes allowed mapping of chloroplast genes by recombination.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygote&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding_and_fertility" class="mw-redirect" title="Breastfeeding and fertility">Breastfeeding and fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilization">Fertilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proembryo" class="mw-redirect" title="Proembryo">Proembryo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Zygosis">Zygosis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygote&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=etymonline.com&rft.atitle=English+etymology+of+zygote&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dzygote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZygote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid27916276-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid27916276_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid27916276_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadstätterTachibana-Konwalski2016" class="citation journal cs1">Ladstätter S, Tachibana-Konwalski K (December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5161750">"A Surveillance Mechanism Ensures Repair of DNA Lesions during Zygotic Reprogramming"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>167</b> (7): 1774–1787.e13. 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928075445/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/69084/blastomere">Archived</a> 2013-09-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 06 Feb. 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCondic2014" class="citation journal cs1">Condic, Maureen L. (14 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991987">"Totipotency: What It Is And What It Is Not"</a>. <i>Stem Cells and Development</i>. <b>23</b> (8): 796–812. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1089%2Fscd.2013.0364">10.1089/scd.2013.0364</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991987">3991987</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24368070">24368070</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stem+Cells+and+Development&rft.atitle=Totipotency%3A+What+It+Is+And+What+It+Is+Not&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=796-812&rft.date=2014-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3991987%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24368070&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1089%2Fscd.2013.0364&rft.aulast=Condic&rft.aufirst=Maureen+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3991987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZygote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090130185105/http://ospp.od.nih.gov/pdf/VOLUME1_REVISED.PDF">"Report of the Human Embryo Research Panel"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ospp.od.nih.gov/pdf/Volume1_revised.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2009-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Human+Embryo+Research+Panel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fospp.od.nih.gov%2Fpdf%2FVolume1_revised.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZygote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O’Reilly, Deirdre. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002398.htm">Fetal development</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111027150119/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002398.htm">Archived</a> 2011-10-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia</a></i> (2007-10-19). Retrieved 2009-02-15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klossner, N. Jayne and Hatfield, Nancy. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rAOTF7g6tbgC&dq=zygote+cleavage+blastocyst&pg=PA107">Introductory Maternity & Pediatric Nursing</a>,</i> p. 107 (<a href="/wiki/Lippincott_Williams_%26_Wilkins" title="Lippincott Williams & Wilkins">Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</a>, 2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neas, John F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/martini10/chapter28/custom3/deluxe-content.html">"Human Development"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722153852/http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/martini10/chapter28/custom3/deluxe-content.html">Archived</a> July 22, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Embryology Atlas</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blackburn, Susan. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2y6zOSQcn14C&dq=zygote&pg=PA80">Maternal, Fetal, & Neonatal Physiology</a>,</i> p. 80 (Elsevier Health Sciences 2007).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518191952/https://www.sciencenews.org/article/editing-human-germline-cells-sparks-ethics-debate">"Editing human germline cells sparks ethics debate"</a>. May 6, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/editing-human-germline-cells-sparks-ethics-debate">the original</a> on May 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Editing+human+germline+cells+sparks+ethics+debate&rft.date=2015-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencenews.org%2Farticle%2Fediting-human-germline-cells-sparks-ethics-debate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZygote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Oocyte" title="Oocyte">Oocyte</a> + <a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">Sperm</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Stages_of_human_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Stages of human development">Stages of human development</a> </b><br />Zygote </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">Embryo</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_embryonic_development_in_the_first_three_weeks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li 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fertilization">Fertilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oocyte_activation" title="Oocyte activation">Oocyte activation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zygote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(embryo)" title="Cleavage (embryo)">Cleavage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blastomere" title="Blastomere">Blastomere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morula" class="mw-redirect" title="Morula">Morula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavitation_(embryology)" title="Cavitation (embryology)">Cavitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blastocoel" title="Blastocoel">Blastocoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blastocyst" title="Blastocyst">Blastocyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_cell_mass" title="Inner cell mass">Inner cell mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophoblast" title="Trophoblast">Trophoblast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Week 2 <br />(<a href="/wiki/Bilaminar_embryonic_disc" title="Bilaminar embryonic disc">Bilaminar</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypoblast" title="Hypoblast">Hypoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiblast" title="Epiblast">Epiblast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Week 3 <br />(<a href="/wiki/Trilaminar_blastocyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Trilaminar blastocyst">Trilaminar</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Germ_layer" title="Germ layer">Germ layers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archenteron" title="Archenteron">Archenteron</a>/<a href="/wiki/Primitive_streak" title="Primitive streak">Primitive streak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_pit" class="mw-redirect" title="Primitive pit">Primitive pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_node" title="Primitive node">Primitive node</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blastopore" class="mw-redirect" title="Blastopore">Blastopore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_groove" class="mw-redirect" title="Primitive groove">Primitive groove</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrulation" title="Gastrulation">Gastrula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastrulation" title="Gastrulation">Gastrulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional specification">Regional specification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Ectoderm" title="Ectoderm">Ectoderm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surface_ectoderm" title="Surface ectoderm">Surface ectoderm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroectoderm" title="Neuroectoderm">Neuroectoderm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatopleuric_mesenchyme" title="Somatopleuric mesenchyme">Somatopleuric mesenchyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurulation" title="Neurulation">Neurulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_crest" title="Neural crest">Neural crest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Endoderm" title="Endoderm">Endoderm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Splanchnopleuric_mesenchyme" title="Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme">Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Mesoderm" title="Mesoderm">Mesoderm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axial_mesoderm" title="Axial mesoderm">Axial mesoderm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraxial_mesoderm" title="Paraxial mesoderm">Paraxial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somite" title="Somite">Somite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somitomere" title="Somitomere">Somitomere</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_mesoderm" title="Intermediate mesoderm">Intermediate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_plate_mesoderm" title="Lateral plate mesoderm">Lateral plate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intraembryonic_coelom" title="Intraembryonic coelom">Intraembryonic coelom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splanchnopleuric_mesenchyme" title="Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme">Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatopleuric_mesenchyme" title="Somatopleuric mesenchyme">Somatopleuric mesenchyme</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eggs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eggs" title="Template:Eggs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eggs" title="Template talk:Eggs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eggs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eggs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eggs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Egg" title="Egg">Eggs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_egg_topics" title="List of egg topics">List of egg topics</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_egg" title="Bird egg">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg#Fish_and_amphibian_eggs" title="Egg">Fish and amphibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotreme" title="Monotreme">Monotreme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egg_fossil" title="Egg fossil">Fossil record</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cephalopod_egg_fossil" title="Cephalopod egg fossil">Cephalopod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_egg_fossil" title="Fish egg fossil">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptile_egg_fossil" title="Reptile egg fossil">Reptile</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_egg" title="Dinosaur egg">dinosaur</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_paleopathology" title="Egg paleopathology">Pathology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_allergy" title="Egg allergy">Allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">Egg cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">Embryo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyoplankton" title="Ichthyoplankton">Ichthyoplankton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oogamy" title="Oogamy">Oogamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oogenesis" title="Oogenesis">Oogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ootheca" title="Ootheca">Ootheca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovary" title="Ovary">Ovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviduct" title="Oviduct">Oviduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviparity" title="Oviparity">Oviparity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovoviviparity" title="Ovoviviparity">Ovoviviparity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovulation" title="Ovulation">Ovulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spawn_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spawn (biology)">Spawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tooth" title="Egg tooth">Tooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophic_egg" title="Trophic egg">Trophic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zygote</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yolk" title="Yolk">Yolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_white" title="Egg white">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggshell" title="Eggshell">Shell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eggshell_membrane" title="Eggshell membrane">membrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalaza" title="Chalaza">Chalaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eggs_as_food" title="Eggs as food">As food</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_egg_dishes" title="List of egg dishes">List of egg dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balut_(food)" title="Balut (food)">Balut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggs_Benedict" title="Eggs Benedict">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiled_egg" title="Boiled egg">Boiled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_egg" title="Century egg">Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coddled_egg" title="Coddled egg">Coddled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_custard_desserts" title="List of custard desserts">Custard desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_fried_egg" title="Deep fried egg">Deep fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deviled_egg" title="Deviled egg">Deviled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_egg" title="Fried egg">Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_egg" title="Iron egg">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meringue" title="Meringue">Meringue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omelette" title="Omelette">Omelette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsen_tamago" title="Onsen tamago">Onsen tamago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poached_egg" title="Poached egg">Poached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powdered_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Powdered egg">Powdered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_egg" title="Pickled egg">Pickled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiche" title="Quiche">Quiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roe" title="Roe">Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_salad" title="Egg salad">Salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salted_duck_egg" title="Salted duck egg">Salted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_egg" title="Scotch egg">Scotch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrambled_eggs" title="Scrambled eggs">Scrambled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirred_eggs" title="Shirred eggs">Shirred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_egg" title="Smoked egg">Smoked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souffl%C3%A9" title="Soufflé">Soufflé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_egg" title="Tea egg">Tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Eggs_in_culture" title="Category:Eggs in culture">In culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_balancing" title="Egg balancing">Balancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_carton" title="Egg carton">Carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_decorating" title="Egg decorating">Decorating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_egg" title="Easter egg">Easter egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg-and-spoon_race" title="Egg-and-spoon race">Egg-and-spoon race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_drop_competition" title="Egg drop competition">Egg drop competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egging" title="Egging">Egging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faberg%C3%A9_egg" title="Fabergé egg">Fabergé egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-range_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-range egg">Free range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HowToBasic" title="HowToBasic">HowToBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humpty_Dumpty" title="Humpty Dumpty">Humpty Dumpty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_hunt" title="Egg hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oology" title="Oology">Oology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oomancy" title="Oomancy">Oomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_egg_production" title="Organic egg production">Organic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egg_organizations" title="Category:Egg organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovo_vegetarianism" title="Ovo vegetarianism">Ovo vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pysanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Pysanka">Pysanka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegreville_egg" title="Vegreville egg">Vegreville egg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_rolling" title="Egg rolling">Rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tapping" title="Egg tapping">Tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tossing" title="Egg tossing">Tossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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