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Disponibile in 26 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqnituda" title="Maqnituda - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maqnituda" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudn_(Erdbem)" title="Magnitudn (Erdbem) - bavarese" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Magnitudn (Erdbem)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Магнітуда землетрасення - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Магнітуда землетрасення" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Магнитуд - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Магнитуд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudo" title="Magnitudo - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Magnitudo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_(Erdbeben)" title="Magnitude (Erdbeben) - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Magnitude (Erdbeben)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales" title="Seismic magnitude scales - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Seismic magnitude scales" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudo_(tertremo)" title="Magnitudo (tertremo) - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Magnitudo (tertremo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escalas_de_magnitud_s%C3%ADsmica" title="Escalas de magnitud sísmica - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escalas de magnitud sísmica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maav%C3%A4rina_magnituud" title="Maavärina magnituud - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maavärina magnituud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="مقیاس‌های بزرگی لرزه‌ای - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مقیاس‌های بزرگی لرزه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudi_(seismologia)" title="Magnitudi (seismologia) - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Magnitudi (seismologia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_(sismologie)" title="Magnitude (sismologie) - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Magnitude (sismologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala_kekuatan_seismik" title="Skala kekuatan seismik - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Skala kekuatan seismik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0skj%C3%A1lftakvar%C3%B0ar" title="Jarðskjálftakvarðar - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jarðskjálftakvarðar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B0%E3%83%8B%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="マグニチュード - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マグニチュード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8" title="지진 규모 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지진 규모" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudo" title="Magnitudo - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Magnitudo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_(Seismologie)" title="Magnitude (Seismologie) - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Magnitude (Seismologie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_s%C3%ADsmica" title="Magnitude sísmica - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Magnitude sísmica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnit%C3%B9dini_(giolugg%C3%ACa)" title="Magnitùdini (gioluggìa) - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Magnitùdini (gioluggìa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales" title="Seismic magnitude scales - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Seismic magnitude scales" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnit%C3%BAdo" title="Magnitúdo - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Magnitúdo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="நிலநடுக்க அளவீடு - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிலநடுக்க அளவீடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Шкали сейсмічних магнітуд - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шкали сейсмічних магнітуд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li 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nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Magnitudine" class="mw-disambig" title="Magnitudine">Magnitudine</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niente fonti!"><img alt="Niente fonti!" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/45px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/68px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/90px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sull'argomento geologia <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">non cita le fonti necessarie</a> o quelle presenti sono insufficienti</b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnitudo&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> aggiungendo citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Geologia" class="mw-redirect" title="Progetto:Geologia">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Sismologia" title="Sismologia">sismologia</a> la <b>magnitudo</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">latino</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="la"><i>magnitūdo, -ĭnis</i></span>, "grandezza") è una misura indiretta dell'<a href="/wiki/Energia_meccanica" title="Energia meccanica">energia meccanica</a> sprigionata da un <a href="/wiki/Terremoto" title="Terremoto">evento sismico</a> all'<a href="/wiki/Ipocentro" title="Ipocentro">ipocentro</a>, basandosi sull'ampiezza delle <a href="/wiki/Onda_sismica" class="mw-redirect" title="Onda sismica">onde sismiche</a> registrate dai <a href="/wiki/Sismografo" title="Sismografo">sismografi</a> in superficie. La magnitudo permette di risalire alla quantità totale di <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> liberata dall'evento sismico. </p><p>Dato che le energie dei <a href="/wiki/Terremoto" title="Terremoto">terremoti</a> e di conseguenza le ampiezze delle onde sismiche hanno un campo di variazione estremamente ampio, il sismologo statunitense <a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Richter" title="Charles Francis Richter">Charles Francis Richter</a> stabilì nel <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> un metodo per la classificazione dei terremoti in base alla potenza prendendo come riferimento una traccia di ampiezza 0,001 mm lasciata su un sismografo orizzontale a torsione del tipo Wood-Anderson relativa ad un sisma a 100 km di distanza. Il logaritmo dell'ampiezza massima registrata da un sismografo durante un sisma, messo in relazione all'ampiezza di riferimento, propone una scala di valori <a href="/wiki/Logaritmo" title="Logaritmo">logaritmica</a> delle energie registrate che venne successivamente detta <i><a href="/wiki/Scala_Richter" title="Scala Richter">scala Richter</a></i> e può anche presentare valori negativi essendo logaritmica. </p><p>Contrariamente a una moda invalsa presso i media italiani, in contesti di lingua italiana i decimali della magnitudo si esprimono con la virgola e non con il punto, come stabilito dal <a href="/wiki/Sistema_internazionale_di_unit%C3%A0_di_misura" title="Sistema internazionale di unità di misura">Sistema internazionale di unità di misura</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Magnitudo_e_intensità"><span id="Magnitudo_e_intensit.C3.A0"></span>Magnitudo e intensità</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnitudo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Magnitudo e intensità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnitudo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Magnitudo e intensità"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La magnitudo si definisce come il rapporto tra la grandezza in esame e una grandezza campione a essa omogenea, misurato su <a href="/wiki/Scala_logaritmica" title="Scala logaritmica">scala logaritmica</a>. Essendo le grandezze in questione omogenee, la loro unità di misura si elide e perde quindi importanza ai fini della misurazione stessa. Non va dunque confusa con l'intensità, ovvero il rapporto tra <a href="/wiki/Potenza_(fisica)" title="Potenza (fisica)">potenza</a> e <a href="/wiki/Superficie_(matematica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Superficie (matematica)">superficie</a> di applicazione, in quanto si tratta in un <a href="/wiki/Numero_puro" class="mw-redirect" title="Numero puro">numero puro</a> (adimensionale), che non ha dunque nessuna <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_di_misura" title="Unità di misura">unità di misura</a> bensì una grandezza di riferimento. </p><p>La magnitudo di un terremoto viene calcolata da misure indirette rispetto al fenomeno stesso quali le ampiezza di oscillazione dei sismografi e l'individuazione dell'ipocentro. Sarebbe infatti impraticabile fare una misura diretta, sia pure logaritmica come si fa col rumore (<a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">decibel</a>). </p><p>Le scale come la <a href="/wiki/Rossi-Forel" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossi-Forel">Rossi-Forel</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Scala_Mercalli" title="Scala Mercalli">Mercalli</a> sono usate invece per valutare gli effetti del terremoto, e dipendono pertanto dalle condizioni locali (presenza e tipo di costruzioni, distanza dall'epicentro, e così via). Per esempio, un terremoto di uguale magnitudo può avere effetti diversi se avviene in pieno deserto, oppure in un centro abitato dove può provocare danni alle strutture antropiche e vittime. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> rilasciata da un terremoto, a cui è strettamente correlato il suo potere distruttivo, è proporzionale all'<a href="/wiki/Ampiezza" title="Ampiezza">ampiezza</a> di oscillazione elevata a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 3/2}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>3</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 3/2}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9a94d2d02968e6cbbc338b54f7762ccd20d74805" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.487ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 3/2}"></span>. Quindi, in termini di energia rilasciata, una differenza di magnitudo pari a 1,0 è equivalente a un fattore 31,6 (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle =({10^{1,0}})^{(3/2)}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle =({10^{1,0}})^{(3/2)}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c93b7fe4867e29c65d6e5a7da2e0069d78594760" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.899ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle =({10^{1,0}})^{(3/2)}}"></span> ), mentre una differenza di magnitudo pari a 2,0 è equivalente a un fattore 1000 (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle =({10^{2,0}})^{(3/2)}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle =({10^{2,0}})^{(3/2)}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9f297f1d118cc0f196385a5f542ebd056ee36459" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.899ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle =({10^{2,0}})^{(3/2)}}"></span> ).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Una magnitudo 4,0 è quindi pari a 1000 volte quella di una magnitudo 2,0. Un raddoppio dell'energia rilasciata è rappresentato da un aumento di magnitudo pari a 0,2. </p><p>Come esempio, una magnitudo 4,0 è analoga all'esplosione nel raggio di 100 km di una piccola bomba atomica (1000 tonnellate di <a href="/wiki/Trinitrotoluene" title="Trinitrotoluene">tritolo</a>), inferiore a quella della bomba di <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a> (pari a circa 13000 tonnellate di tritolo, ovvero 55 <a href="/wiki/Tera_(prefisso)" title="Tera (prefisso)">terajoule</a>). </p><p>Eventi con magnitudo di 4,5 o più grande sono abbastanza forti da essere registrati dai sismografi di tutto il mondo. I terremoti più grandi registrati sono di magnitudo 8 o 9 e avvengono con frequenza di circa uno all'anno. Il più grande mai registrato si verificò il <a href="/wiki/Grande_Terremoto_Cileno" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Terremoto Cileno">22 maggio 1960 in Cile</a>, ed ebbe una magnitudo <i>M</i><sub>W</sub> di 9,5. </p><p>Sebbene teoricamente non esista un limite massimo al valore della magnitudo di un sisma, è ragionevole supporre un limite teorico massimo in virtù del massimo <a href="/wiki/Carico_di_rottura" title="Carico di rottura">carico di rottura</a> sopportabile dalle <a href="/wiki/Rocce" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocce">rocce</a> che compongono la <a href="/wiki/Crosta_terrestre" title="Crosta terrestre">crosta terrestre</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Mantello_terrestre" title="Mantello terrestre">mantello</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipologie_di_magnitudo">Tipologie di magnitudo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnitudo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Tipologie di magnitudo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnitudo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Tipologie di magnitudo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>M<sub>L</sub>: <a href="/wiki/Scala_Richter" title="Scala Richter">Magnitudo locale (Scala Richter)</a></li> <li>M<sub>W</sub>: <a href="/wiki/Scala_di_magnitudo_del_momento_sismico" title="Scala di magnitudo del momento sismico">Magnitudo momento</a></li> <li>M<sub>b</sub>: <a href="/wiki/Magnitudo_delle_onde_di_volume" title="Magnitudo delle onde di volume">Magnitudo delle onde di volume</a></li> <li>M<sub>s</sub>: <a href="/wiki/Magnitudo_delle_onde_superficiali" title="Magnitudo delle onde superficiali">Magnitudo delle onde superficiali</a></li> <li>M<sub>d</sub>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnitudo_di_durata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnitudo di durata (la pagina non esiste)">Magnitudo di durata</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnitudo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnitudo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learning/topics/richter.php">USGS: The Richter Magnitude Scale</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091007170205/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learning/topics/richter.php">Archiviato</a> il 7 ottobre 2009 in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnitudo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnitudo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-magnitude"><span style="font-style:italic;">earthquake magnitude</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500062#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130114013403/http://www.ingv.it/ufficio-stampa/faq/terremoti/esistono-diverse-scale-di-magnitudo-perche"><span style="font-style:italic;">INGV: Scale di Magnitudo</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ingv.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 7 giugno 2012</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.ingv.it/ufficio-stampa/faq/terremoti/esistono-diverse-scale-di-magnitudo-perche">url originale</abbr> il 14 gennaio 2013)</small>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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