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}) })(jQuery); </script> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-526 single-format-standard header-image full-width-content genesis-breadcrumbs-visible"><div class="site-container"><header class="site-header"><div class="wrap"><div class="title-area"><p class="site-title"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/" title="Thermo Fisher Scientific">Thermo Fisher Scientific</a></p><p class="site-description">Electron and cryo-electron microscopy stories and solutions about the advancement of cellular and structural biology</p></div><div class="widget-area header-widget-area"><section id="block-5" class="widget widget_block"><div class="widget-wrap"> <div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"></div></div> </div></section> <section id="block-6" class="widget widget_block"><div class="widget-wrap"> <div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"></div></div> </div></section> </div><div class="breadcrumb"><span class="breadcrumb-link-wrap"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/?">Accelerating Science</a></span><span class="breadcrumb-link-wrap"><a class="breadcrumb-link" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/"><span class="breadcrumb-link-text-wrap">Life in Atomic Resolution</span></a><meta ></span> <span aria-label="breadcrumb separator">/</span> <span class="breadcrumb-link-wrap"><a class="breadcrumb-link" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/electron-microscopy-101/"><span class="breadcrumb-link-text-wrap">Electron Microscopy 101</span></a><meta ></span> <span aria-label="breadcrumb separator">/</span> <span class="breadcrumb-current-title">Seeing with Electrons: The Anatomy of an Electron Microscope</span></div></div></header><div class="site-inner"><div class="content-sidebar-wrap"><main class="content"><article class="post-526 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-electron-microscopy-101 category-general entry" aria-label="Seeing with Electrons: The Anatomy of an Electron Microscope"><header class="entry-header"><h1 class="entry-title">Seeing with Electrons: The Anatomy of an Electron Microscope</h1> <span class="post-info-author"> By <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/author/alexilitchev/" title="Posts by Alex Ilitchev" rel="author">Alex Ilitchev</a> </span> <span class="post-info-date"> 11.04.2020 </span> </header><div class="entry-content"><h2 style="color: white;font-size: 50%;height: 5px">Light microscope vs electron microscope</h2> <p> </p> <p>While <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/electron-microscopy/products/transmission-electron-microscopes.html">transmission electron microscopes</a> (TEMs) continue to become more accessible thanks to novel automation, easy-to-use software, and decreasing space requirements, they can still be quite intimidating for new users who have never worked with an electron microscope before. They may be surprised to learn, however, that these instruments are not too different from the familiar light microscope.</p> <h2 style="color: white;font-size: 50%;height: 5px">Light microscope description</h2> <p>To understand how, let’s begin by considering the light microscope, shown below. In a light, or optical, microscope, a light source is placed below the sample, which must be thin enough to allow some light to pass through. (If it isn’t, the object will appear dark, and no details can be discerned.) The light is focused onto the sample with a condenser lens, resulting in a focused point of light on the specimen’s surface. As the white light interacts with the sample it is modified by its molecules, which selectively absorb or reflect only certain kinds of light. This results in the color and contrast information that makes up the image. Lenses then modify this projected information into a magnified image that we perceive with our eyes.</p> <p><img decoding="async" class=" wp-image-1416 aligncenter" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/04/tundra-educational-blog-image-1.png" alt="Light microscope diagram" width="571" height="571" /></p> <p style="text-align: center"><em>Diagram of a light microscope with key elements highlighted.</em></p> <h2 style="color: white;font-size: 50%;height: 5px">Electron microscope description</h2> <p>In an electron microscope, an electron beam takes the place of the light source. Due to the wave-particle duality of electrons in a vacuum, they can behave just like the photons that make up light. However, electrons travel as much smaller wavelengths than visible light, enabling them to reveal smaller details than what is possible with light. Instead of a glass condenser lens, electron microscopes use electromagnetic or electrostatic lenses. These produce magnetic and electric fields that guide and focus the electrons. The sample is still positioned over a focused point of the incident beam but must now be even thinner to account for the size of the electrons. (Typical TEM sample thicknesses are around ~0.1µm, depending on the material.) Just like the optical microscope, the electron beam interacts with the sample atoms, carrying away contrast and compositional information. As our eyes are incapable of perceiving electrons, it is no longer sufficient to have them serve as the detector. Instead, special electron imaging devices convert the electron signal into a greyscale image, where contrast corresponds to differences in sample thickness and density.</p> <p><img decoding="async" class=" wp-image-1417 aligncenter" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/04/tundra-educational-blog-image-2.png" alt="Light microscope vs transmission electron microscope" width="825" height="662" /></p> <p style="text-align: center"><em>Side-by-side comparison of a TEM and an optical microscope, with analogous parts connected. Note that the light microscope has been inverted to more clearly parallel the TEM structure.</em></p> <h2 style="color: white;font-size: 50%;height: 5px">Summary of instrument comparison</h2> <p>Overall, while there are different principles controlling and guiding the incident beam for both instruments, the process of image generation is broadly the same. A beam interacts with the sample and passes through to the other side; the changes in beam energy correspond to different features in the final image. Hopefully this quick comparison has dispelled some of the initial intimidation that electron microscopes pose, empowering you to pursue the unparalleled information that electron microscopy provides.</p> <p class="selectionShareable">Luckily, the latest generation of cryo-transmission electron microscopes (cryo-TEMs) includes more affordable, easier-to-use tools. In late 2020, we introduced the <a title="Learn more about the Tundra" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/electron-microscopy/products/transmission-electron-microscopes/tundra-cryo-tem.html">Thermo Scientific Tundra Cryo-TEM</a> which includes several features that improve usability and empower anyone to use cryo-EM, even researchers who are new to the technique.</p> <p class="selectionShareable"><strong><a title="Learn more about the Tundra" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/electron-microscopy/products/transmission-electron-microscopes/tundra-cryo-tem.html">Learn more about the Tundra Cryo-TEM >></a></strong></p> <p><em>Alex Ilitchev, PhD, is a Scientific Content Writer at Thermo Fisher Scientific.</em></p> <p><em> </em><em>//</em></p> <p><em> </em><em>To learn more about electron microscopy for Life Sciences, please visit our <a href="https://ter.li/lslearningcenter">Learning Center</a></em><em>. </em></p> <p> </p>  <div class="jp-relatedposts"> <div 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fa-chevron-right"></i></a> </span> </div> </div></div></article><div class="entry-comments" id="comments"><h3>Comments</h3><ol class="comment-list"> <li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-338"> <article id="article-comment-338"> <header class="comment-header"> <p class="comment-author"> <img alt='' src='httpss://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e511fa87e05b46d356150523c7b1adcf?s=48&d=mm&r=g' srcset='httpss://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e511fa87e05b46d356150523c7b1adcf?s=96&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-48 photo' height='48' width='48' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/><span class="comment-author-name">Mabel Cornwell</span> <span class="says">says</span> </p> <p class="comment-meta"><time class="comment-time"><a class="comment-time-link" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/seeing-with-electrons-the-anatomy-of-an-electron-microscope/#comment-338">April 16, 2024 at 2:01 pm</a></time></p> </header> <div class="comment-content"> <p>Hello,<br /> I am writing to see if I can get permission to use your image titled ‘Side-by-side comparison of a TEM and an optical microscope, with analogous parts connected. Note that the light microscope has been inverted to more clearly parallel the TEM structure’ for use in my PhD thesis. </p> <p>Thanks</p> </div> <div class="comment-reply"><a rel='nofollow' class='comment-reply-link' href='#comment-338' data-commentid="338" data-postid="526" data-belowelement="article-comment-338" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Mabel Cornwell" aria-label='Reply to Mabel Cornwell'>Reply</a></div> </article> <ul class="children"> <li class="comment odd alt depth-2" id="comment-340"> <article id="article-comment-340"> <header class="comment-header"> <p class="comment-author"> <img alt='' src='httpss://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4b7f1ab8dd85e20f734eb34e834a9195?s=48&d=mm&r=g' srcset='httpss://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4b7f1ab8dd85e20f734eb34e834a9195?s=96&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-48 photo' height='48' width='48' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/><span class="comment-author-name">Alex Ilitchev</span> <span class="says">says</span> </p> <p class="comment-meta"><time class="comment-time"><a class="comment-time-link" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/seeing-with-electrons-the-anatomy-of-an-electron-microscope/#comment-340">April 16, 2024 at 6:21 pm</a></time></p> </header> <div class="comment-content"> <p>Hi Mabel,</p> <p>You may use the image, however, please include the following text somewhere near the image:</p> <p>“Illustration used courtesy of Thermo Fisher Scientific; copying prohibited.”</p> <p>Thank you and good luck with your thesis,<br /> Alex</p> </div> <div class="comment-reply"><a rel='nofollow' class='comment-reply-link' href='#comment-340' data-commentid="340" data-postid="526" data-belowelement="article-comment-340" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Alex Ilitchev" aria-label='Reply to Alex Ilitchev'>Reply</a></div> </article> </li> </ul> </li> </ol></div> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a Reply <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/atomic-resolution/seeing-with-electrons-the-anatomy-of-an-electron-microscope/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><form action="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form" novalidate><p class="comment-notes"><span id="email-notes">Your email address will not be published.</span> <span class="required-field-message">Required fields are marked <span class="required">*</span></span></p><p class="comment-form-comment"><label for="comment">Comment <span class="required">*</span></label> <textarea id="comment" name="comment" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="65525" required></textarea></p><p class="comment-form-author"><label for="author">Name <span class="required">*</span></label> <input id="author" name="author" type="text" value="" size="30" maxlength="245" autocomplete="name" required /></p> <p class="comment-form-email"><label for="email">Email <span class="required">*</span></label> <input id="email" name="email" type="email" value="" size="30" maxlength="100" aria-describedby="email-notes" autocomplete="email" required /></p> <p class="comment-form-url"><label for="url">Website</label> <input id="url" name="url" type="url" value="" size="30" maxlength="200" autocomplete="url" /></p> <p class="comment-form-cookies-consent"><input id="wp-comment-cookies-consent" name="wp-comment-cookies-consent" type="checkbox" value="yes" /> <label for="wp-comment-cookies-consent">Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.</label></p> <p class="form-submit"><input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" class="submit" value="Post Comment" /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='526' id='comment_post_ID' /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' /> </p><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="a35a05b5fb" /></p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="103"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div> <div class="adjacent-entry-pagination pagination"><div class="pagination-previous alignleft"><i class="fa fa-icon fa-chevron-left"></i> <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/breakthrough-advances-in-atomic-resolution-cryo-em/" rel="prev">Breakthrough Advances in Atomic Resolution Cryo-EM</a></div><div class="pagination-next alignright"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/cryo-em-accelerates-path-to-understanding-diseases/" rel="next">Cryo-EM Accelerates Path to Understanding Diseases</a> <i class="fa fa-icon fa-chevron-right"></i></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="site-footer"><div class="wrap"><div class="creds"><p class="footer-links"><a href="https://corporate.thermofisher.com/en/footer/privacy-statement.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Privacy Statement</a><a href="https://corporate.thermofisher.com/en/footer/terms-and-conditions.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Terms & Conditions</a><a href="/blog/locations/">Locations</a><a href="/blog/sitemap/">Sitemap</a></p><p>© 2024 <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com">Thermo Fisher Scientific</a>. 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