CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" data-placeholder-focus="false"><head profile="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="WordPress.com Blog" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/feed/" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/wp-content/themes/h4/tabs/images/wpcom-logo-144.png"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#0074a2"/> <meta name="application-name" content="WordPress.com"/> <meta name="msApplication-PackageFamilyName" content="AutomatticInc.WordPress.com_9ejavqh8rasr8"/> <meta name="msApplication-ID" content="App"/> <meta name=“google-site-verification” content=“Q9OTgmFGvbuu-bnRYsyoA-MXgythlBvu6gZJry9XxMA” /> <meta name="viewport" id="viewport" content="width=device-width,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" /> <title>Building Studio in Public: How Open Source Collaboration Enhances Studio – WordPress.com News</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="Q9OTgmFGvbuu-bnRYsyoA-MXgythlBvu6gZJry9XxMA" /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//platform.twitter.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="WordPress.com News » Building Studio in Public: How Open Source Collaboration Enhances Studio Comments Feed" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function addLoadEvent(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function () { oldonload(); func(); } } } /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?m=1719498190i&ver=6.8-alpha-59438"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/likes/jetpack-likes.css?m=1717404074i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJylzFsKgCAQQNENpYOUSR/RWtIGs0YLH4W7L9pCn5cLB+6TmSNkDBlOKtaFBLa8qTHa90SESwy85x3o4mgBTYfZGTkd51gh5UrITUoN/IPyiv6DJj8K1YpBdkrI7QEqmThp&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .has-text-align-justify { text-align:justify; } .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <style id='wp-parsely-recommendations-style-inline-css'> .parsely-recommendations-list-title{font-size:1.2em}.parsely-recommendations-list{list-style:none;padding:unset}.parsely-recommendations-cardbody{overflow:hidden;padding:.8em;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.parsely-recommendations-cardmedia{padding:.8em .8em 0} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-4-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJyVzDEOgCAMQNELiQU1Jg7Gs2AlDYpAaInx9ro5O/7hfbiywhTFRYEcKvnIQPXN1RVSa0h4MOxOssVDBXunKoqK34DlDq5F5gb+LIoVH4k/vpyzGYe+03oyw/4AcmU1KQ==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-6-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzyrWz01NyUxMzUnNTc0rQeEU5CRWphbp5qSmJyZX6uVm5uklFxfr6OPTDpRD5sM02efaGpoZmFkYGRuZGmQBAHPvL0Y=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-8-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9jEEOAiEQBD/kQECjeDC+ZWEnijIwYWA3/l72op689KFTVXplCCU3zE1z6reYRYfiUwlP0VYZpwxIJE4IFRd10HOU9iFA2iuhCiI7/ROiDt9WxfETT20jCOc4YUIa2D9t5eGA91xRBMZS7ATtPkTZvCtdzNEZt7f2fHq8Afl7R7w=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #FFFFFF;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--primary-light: #CDE4F2;--wp--preset--color--primary: #3858E9;--wp--preset--color--primary-dark: #0675C4;--wp--preset--color--midnight-blue: #001623;--wp--preset--color--light-gray: #F2F2F2;--wp--preset--color--lighter-gray: #F6F7F7;--wp--preset--color--dark-gray: #2C3338;--wp--preset--color--darker-gray: #101517;--wp--preset--color--light-gray-muted: #8C8F94;--wp--preset--color--gray: #646970;--wp--preset--color--dark-gray-muted: #1E1E1E;--wp--preset--color--dark-gray-deep: #2D3133;--wp--preset--color--base: #FFFFFF;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--emphasize: 26px;--wp--preset--font-size--quote-large: 1.875rem;--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large: 3.125rem;--wp--preset--font-size--xxx-large: 4.375rem;--wp--preset--font-size--heading-1: 60px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, -apple-system, 'BlinkMacSystemFont', 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Helvetica', 'Arial', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--recoleta: Recoleta, Georgia, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sf-pro-display: SF Pro Display, -apple-system, 'BlinkMacSystemFont', 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Helvetica', 'Arial', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: 808px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1224px; }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks { padding-top: var(--wp--style--root--padding-top); padding-bottom: var(--wp--style--root--padding-bottom); }.has-global-padding { padding-right: var(--wp--style--root--padding-right); padding-left: var(--wp--style--root--padding-left); }.has-global-padding > .alignfull { margin-right: calc(var(--wp--style--root--padding-right) * -1); margin-left: calc(var(--wp--style--root--padding-left) * -1); }.has-global-padding :where(:not(.alignfull.is-layout-flow) > .has-global-padding:not(.wp-block-block, .alignfull)) { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; }.has-global-padding :where(:not(.alignfull.is-layout-flow) > .has-global-padding:not(.wp-block-block, .alignfull)) > .alignfull { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: 24px; margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: 24px; }:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 24px;}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 24px;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base);color: var(--wp--preset--color--midnight-blue);font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium);font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;line-height: 1.55;--wp--style--root--padding-top: 0px;--wp--style--root--padding-right: 0px;--wp--style--root--padding-bottom: 0px;--wp--style--root--padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast);text-decoration: underline;}:root :where(a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)):hover){text-decoration: none;}h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter);font-weight: 400;line-height: 1.2;}h1{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--recoleta);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--heading-1);font-weight: var(--wp--preset--font-weight--regular);letter-spacing: var(--wp--preset--letter-spacing--heading-1);line-height: 64px;}h2{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large);line-height: var(--wp--preset--line-height--heading-lg);}h3{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large);line-height: var(--wp--preset--line-height--heading-lg);}h4{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter);font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1.1rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.767), 1.5rem);}h5{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium);}h6{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast);border-radius: .33rem;border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast);border-width: 0;color: var(--wp--preset--color--base);font-family: inherit;font-size: 1rem;font-style: normal;font-weight: 500;line-height: 1.5rem;padding-top: 0.8rem;padding-right: 2.2rem;padding-bottom: 0.8rem;padding-left: 2.2rem;text-decoration: none;}:root :where(.wp-element-button:hover, .wp-block-button__link:hover){background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2);border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2);color: var(--wp--preset--color--base);}:root :where(.wp-element-button:focus, .wp-block-button__link:focus){background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2);border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2);color: var(--wp--preset--color--base);outline-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast);outline-offset: 2px;outline-style: dotted;outline-width: 1px;}:root :where(.wp-element-button:active, .wp-block-button__link:active){background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast);color: var(--wp--preset--color--base);}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-primary-light-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary-light) !important;}.has-primary-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-primary-dark-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary-dark) !important;}.has-midnight-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--midnight-blue) !important;}.has-light-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-gray) !important;}.has-lighter-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--lighter-gray) !important;}.has-dark-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-gray) !important;}.has-darker-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--darker-gray) !important;}.has-light-gray-muted-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-gray-muted) !important;}.has-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray) !important;}.has-dark-gray-muted-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-gray-muted) !important;}.has-dark-gray-deep-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-gray-deep) !important;}.has-base-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--base) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-primary-light-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary-light) !important;}.has-primary-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-primary-dark-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary-dark) !important;}.has-midnight-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--midnight-blue) !important;}.has-light-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-gray) !important;}.has-lighter-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--lighter-gray) !important;}.has-dark-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-gray) !important;}.has-darker-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--darker-gray) !important;}.has-light-gray-muted-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-gray-muted) !important;}.has-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray) !important;}.has-dark-gray-muted-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-gray-muted) !important;}.has-dark-gray-deep-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-gray-deep) !important;}.has-base-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-primary-light-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary-light) !important;}.has-primary-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-primary-dark-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary-dark) !important;}.has-midnight-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--midnight-blue) !important;}.has-light-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-gray) !important;}.has-lighter-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--lighter-gray) !important;}.has-dark-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-gray) !important;}.has-darker-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--darker-gray) !important;}.has-light-gray-muted-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-gray-muted) !important;}.has-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray) !important;}.has-dark-gray-muted-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-gray-muted) !important;}.has-dark-gray-deep-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-gray-deep) !important;}.has-base-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-emphasize-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--emphasize) !important;}.has-quote-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--quote-large) !important;}.has-xx-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large) !important;}.has-xxx-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xxx-large) !important;}.has-heading-1-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--heading-1) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;}.has-recoleta-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--recoleta) !important;}.has-sf-pro-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sf-pro-display) !important;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} :root :where(p){font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter);font-size: 20px;font-weight: 400;line-height: 30px;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-10-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJyVkN0OwiAMhV9IZOLMvDE+C2MMcYWS0c349rL5N11m4k3Tc9rvpMAvgSn0pD1x17EAnbE+coXOJYuBbXRS8ctZJ2fFLfdINtHx1dwHk0w6aZcS5F4ltwQ0TGQi52VnoRpzI11Bs7HO4Oc1IH0VpGoemJf9f0CNSLpdYBYuDBhptjv5oVYPu6k14zPe8hdkNDJAJcmi/xCsBmnbAT26w6bYCpHtiiw/3wDVB5ko&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css'> :root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-12-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJyNjcsKQjEMBX/ImlsQry7ET5GahrbXNCmmRfx7H7gRN+7OwGEGbs2hSifpUIdrPFIRg4V6C3j5MNgQqBoHk4HlcKUYYry/Z5G0RrMV/C06FUEwxRLYsSa1L/iR9Uz1mc0bSKznwK/DsR787Kd5P/ntbnkAuNBIYA==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https:\/\/s1.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/sun\/vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/build\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??/wp-content/js/rlt-proxy.js,/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?m=1727178113j'></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rlt-proxy-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ rltInitialize( {"token":null,"iframeOrigins":["https:\/\/widgets.wp.com"]} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" crossorigin='anonymous' src="https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v19.6.4/build/hooks/index.min.js?m=1731954715i&ver=84e753e2b66eb7028d38" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" crossorigin='anonymous' src="https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v19.6.4/build/i18n/index.min.js?m=1731954715i&ver=bd5a2533e717a1043151" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJyFykEKgCAQQNELZUNCSYvoLKYiYzpZOkW3r0X74MPfPLiyMBtVRxVyZI9UIGqyWZsVFsZogfTZhtLAK5FMZOsKhLed3XF/axPSLxIJ/aGr+/Ccpk7JcVCd7GV4AOJxMeg='></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" id="twitter-widgets-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var actionbardata = {"siteID":"3584907","postID":"69454","siteURL":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog","xhrURL":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"ec3b3dda62","isLoggedIn":"","statusMessage":"","subsEmailDefault":"instantly","proxyScriptUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/js\/wpcom-proxy-request.js?ver=20211021","shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pf2B5-i4e","i18n":{"followedText":"New posts from this site will now appear in your <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/read\">Reader<\/a>","foldBar":"Collapse this bar","unfoldBar":"Expand this bar"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??/wp-content/plugins/landpack/build/nav.js,/wp-content/plugins/landpack/build/block-client-script-footer-section.js?m=1729671252j'></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="landpack-nav-script-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => { const API_GEO_ENDPOINT = 'https://public-api.wordpress.com/geo/'; const FCCA_LINK_SELECTOR = '.lp-footer-stack [data-is-fcca]'; function fetchGeoData() { return fetch( API_GEO_ENDPOINT ).then( res => res.json() ); } function removeLink( selector, condition ) { document.querySelectorAll( selector ).forEach( element => { const parent = element.parentNode; const parentTagName = parent.tagName.toLowerCase(); if ( condition ) { (parentTagName === 'li' ? parent : element).remove(); } }); } /** * Checks if the given data pertains to the specified region or country * @param {string} key - The key to check in the data * @param {string} name - The region or country name to check for * @param {object} data - The geolocation data * @returns {boolean} - True if the data pertains to the specified region or country */ function pertainsTo( key, name, data ) { if ( data && data[ key ] && name ) { return data[ key ].toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase(); } return false; } fetchGeoData().then(data => { const isFCCA = pertainsTo( 'country_long', 'germany', data ); removeLink( FCCA_LINK_SELECTOR, ! isFCCA ); }); }); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://en.blog.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/pf2B5-i4e' /> <style> @font-face { font-family: Recoleta; font-display: swap; src: url('https://s1.wp.com/i/fonts/recoleta/400.woff2') } </style> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=json&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.blog.wordpress.com%2F2024%2F10%2F03%2Fopen-source-collaboration%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/xml+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=xml&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.blog.wordpress.com%2F2024%2F10%2F03%2Fopen-source-collaboration%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" />  <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Building Studio in Public: How Open Source Collaboration Enhances Studio" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/" /> <meta property="og:description" content="How the Studio app is connected to other open source projects and how collaborative contributions result mutually benefit all." /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-10-03T13:30:00+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-10-10T03:59:48+00:00" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="WordPress.com News" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/07/building-in-public-studio.jpg?w=1200" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="420" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="a screenshot of the Studio by WordPress.com app on a black polka-dotted background" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/WordPresscom" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@wordpressdotcom" /> <meta name="twitter:text:title" content="Building Studio in Public: How Open Source Collaboration Enhances Studio" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/07/building-in-public-studio.jpg?w=640" /> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="a screenshot of the Studio by WordPress.com app on a black polka-dotted background" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="Jetpack" /> <meta name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="1565481562" /> <meta name="twitter:app:name:ipad" content="Jetpack" /> <meta name="twitter:app:id:ipad" content="1565481562" /> <meta name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="Jetpack" /> <meta name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="com.jetpack.android" /> <meta name="twitter:app:url:iphone" content="wordpress://viewpost?blogId=3584907&postId=69454" /> <meta name="twitter:app:url:ipad" content="wordpress://viewpost?blogId=3584907&postId=69454" /> <meta name="twitter:app:url:googleplay" content="wordpress://viewpost?blogId=3584907&postId=69454" />  <link rel='openid.server' href='https://wordpress.com/blog/?openidserver=1' /> <link rel='openid.delegate' href='https://wordpress.com/blog/' /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/osd.xml" title="WordPress.com News" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/2024\/10\/03\/open-source-collaboration\/"},"headline":"Building Studio in Public: How Open Source Collaboration Enhances Studio","url":"http:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/2024\/10\/03\/open-source-collaboration\/","thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/en-blog.files.wordpress.com\/2024\/07\/building-in-public-studio.jpg?w=150","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/en-blog.files.wordpress.com\/2024\/07\/building-in-public-studio.jpg"},"dateCreated":"2024-10-03T13:30:00Z","datePublished":"2024-10-03T13:30:00Z","dateModified":"2024-10-10T03:59:48Z","articleSection":"Development","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Carlos G. Prim"}],"creator":["Carlos G. Prim"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"WordPress.com News","logo":""},"keywords":[]}</script> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" href="//s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 32x32"> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="//s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="//s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//s1.wp.com/i/favicons/favicon-64x64.png" sizes="64x64"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//s1.wp.com/i/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//s1.wp.com/i/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//s1.wp.com/i/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//s1.wp.com/i/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//s1.wp.com/i/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//s1.wp.com/i/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//s1.wp.com/i/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//s1.wp.com/i/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//s1.wp.com/i/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//s1.wp.com/i/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//s1.wp.com/i/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="preload" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/fonts/recoleta/400.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/" /> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Corporation","@id":"https:\/\/automattic.com\/#organization","url":"https:\/\/automattic.com\/","name":"Automattic","legalName":"Automattic Inc.","foundingDate":"2005-08-01","slogan":"We don\u2019t make software for free, we make it for freedom.","description":"We are the people behind <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/\">WordPress.com<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/woocommerce.com\/\">WooCommerce<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/jetpack.com\/\">Jetpack<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/simplenote.com\/\">Simplenote<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/longreads.com\/\">Longreads<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/vaultpress.com\/\">VaultPress<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/akismet.com\/\">Akismet<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/gravatar.com\/\">Gravatar<\/a>, <a href=\"\">Crowdsignal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/cloudup.com\/\">Cloudup<\/a>, and more. We believe in making the web a better place, and <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Automattic\">we believe in Open Source<\/a>. The vast majority of our work is available under the GPL.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/automattic.com\/#logo","url":"https:\/\/automattic.com\/wp-content\/themes\/a8c\/automattic-2011\/images\/automattic-logo-2x.png","width":552,"height":60,"caption":"Automattic"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/automattic.com\/#logo"},"address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"60 29th Street #343","addressLocality":"San Francisco","addressRegion":"CA","postalCode":"94110","addressCountry":"US"},"founder":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/schema.org\/author\/5#person","name":"Matt Mullenweg","description":"In 2002 I started contributing to Open Source software, and life has just gotten better from there. Co-founder of WordPress, founder Automattic.","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/schema.org\/author\/5#personimage","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/767fc9c115a1b989744c755db47feb60?s=96&d=retro","width":96,"height":96,"caption":"Matt Mullenweg"}},"numberOfEmployees":1728,"sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/automattic","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AutomatticInc","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/automattic\/","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automattic","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/automattic"],"subOrganization":{"@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/#organization"}},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/#organization","url":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/","name":"WordPress.com","legalName":"Automattic Inc.","foundingDate":"2005-08-01","slogan":"Build a website, build a movement.","description":"Create a free website or build a blog with ease on WordPress.com. Dozens of free, customizable, mobile-ready designs and themes. Free hosting and support.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/#logo","url":"https:\/\/s1.wp.com\/home.logged-out\/images\/wpcom-a-website-that-can.jpg","width":1024,"height":512,"caption":"WordPress.com"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/#logo"},"address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"60 29th Street #343","addressLocality":"San Francisco","addressRegion":"CA","postalCode":"94110","addressCountry":"US"},"founder":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/schema.org\/author\/5#person","name":"Matt Mullenweg","description":"In 2002 I started contributing to Open Source software, and life has just gotten better from there. Co-founder of WordPress, founder Automattic.","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/schema.org\/author\/5#personimage","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/767fc9c115a1b989744c755db47feb60?s=96&d=retro","width":96,"height":96,"caption":"Matt Mullenweg"}},"numberOfEmployees":1728,"sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/wordpressdotcom","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/WordPresscom","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/wordpressdotcom\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/wordpress","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/WordPressdotcom","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/wordpressdotcom\/","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WordPress.com"],"parentOrganization":{"@id":"https:\/\/automattic.com\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/","name":"WordPress.com News","description":"The latest news on WordPress.com and the WordPress community.","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/search\/{search_term_string}\/","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/#organization"}},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/2024\/10\/03\/open-source-collaboration\/#breadcrumbs","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":0,"item":{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/#website-breadcrumb","url":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/category\/development\/#term-breadcrumb","url":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/category\/development\/","name":"Development"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/2024\/10\/03\/open-source-collaboration\/#webpage-breadcrumb","url":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/2024\/10\/03\/open-source-collaboration\/","name":"Building Studio in Public: How Open Source Collaboration Enhances Studio \u2014"}}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/2024\/10\/03\/open-source-collaboration\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/en-blog.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/04\/fence-450670_1920.jpg?w=1200","width":1200,"height":800,"caption":"Building Studio in Public: How Open Source Collaboration Enhances Studio \u2014"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/2024\/10\/03\/open-source-collaboration\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/2024\/10\/03\/open-source-collaboration\/","name":"Building Studio in Public: How Open Source Collaboration Enhances Studio \u2014","description":"The latest news on WordPress.com and the WordPress community.","inLanguage":"en","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/2024\/10\/03\/open-source-collaboration\/#primaryimage"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/2024\/10\/03\/open-source-collaboration\/#breadcrumbs"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/#organization"},"datePublished":"2024-10-03T13:30:00+0000","dateModified":"2024-10-10T03:59:48+0000"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/schema.org\/author\/191986340#person","name":"Carlos G. Prim","description":"","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/schema.org\/author\/191986340#personimage","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f57837361a31079ccb5e3e3763ac2626?s=96&d=retro","width":96,"height":96,"caption":"Carlos G. Prim"}},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/2024\/10\/03\/open-source-collaboration\/#article","headline":"Building Studio in Public: How Open Source Collaboration Enhances Studio \u2014","commentCount":2,"keywords":"development","datePublished":"2024-10-03T13:30:00+0000","dateModified":"2024-10-10T03:59:48+0000","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/2024\/10\/03\/open-source-collaboration\/#webpage"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/2024\/10\/03\/open-source-collaboration\/#webpage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/2024\/10\/03\/open-source-collaboration\/#primaryimage"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/#organization"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/schema.org\/author\/191986340#person"}}]} </script> <meta name="application-name" content="WordPress.com News" /><meta name="msapplication-window" content="width=device-width;height=device-height" /><meta name="msapplication-tooltip" content="The latest news on WordPress.com and the WordPress community." /><meta name="description" content="How the Studio app is connected to other open source projects and how collaborative contributions result mutually benefit all." /> <style class='wp-fonts-local' type='text/css'> @font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://fonts.wp.com/s/inter/v13/UcCO3FwrK3iLTeHuS_fvQtMwCp50KnMw2boKoduKmMEVuLyeMZ1rib2Bg-4.woff2') format('woff2');} @font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:200;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://fonts.wp.com/s/inter/v13/UcCO3FwrK3iLTeHuS_fvQtMwCp50KnMw2boKoduKmMEVuDyfMZ1rib2Bg-4.woff2') format('woff2');} @font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://fonts.wp.com/s/inter/v13/UcCO3FwrK3iLTeHuS_fvQtMwCp50KnMw2boKoduKmMEVuOKfMZ1rib2Bg-4.woff2') format('woff2');} @font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://fonts.wp.com/s/inter/v13/UcCO3FwrK3iLTeHuS_fvQtMwCp50KnMw2boKoduKmMEVuLyfMZ1rib2Bg-4.woff2') format('woff2');} @font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://fonts.wp.com/s/inter/v13/UcCO3FwrK3iLTeHuS_fvQtMwCp50KnMw2boKoduKmMEVuI6fMZ1rib2Bg-4.woff2') format('woff2');} @font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://fonts.wp.com/s/inter/v13/UcCO3FwrK3iLTeHuS_fvQtMwCp50KnMw2boKoduKmMEVuGKYMZ1rib2Bg-4.woff2') format('woff2');} @font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://fonts.wp.com/s/inter/v13/UcCO3FwrK3iLTeHuS_fvQtMwCp50KnMw2boKoduKmMEVuFuYMZ1rib2Bg-4.woff2') format('woff2');} @font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:800;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://fonts.wp.com/s/inter/v13/UcCO3FwrK3iLTeHuS_fvQtMwCp50KnMw2boKoduKmMEVuDyYMZ1rib2Bg-4.woff2') format('woff2');} @font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:900;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://fonts.wp.com/s/inter/v13/UcCO3FwrK3iLTeHuS_fvQtMwCp50KnMw2boKoduKmMEVuBWYMZ1rib2Bg-4.woff2') format('woff2');} @font-face{font-family:Recoleta;font-style:medium;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://s0.wp.com/i/fonts/recoleta/400.woff2') format('woff2');} </style> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-69454 single-format-standard wp-embed-responsive jps-theme-a8c/wpblog-2024 customizer-styles-applied wpcomblog admin-bar-hidden jetpack-reblog-enabled"> <div class="wpblog__main-container"> <div id="wpblog-category-menu-overlay" style="display: none"></div>  <header class="header"> <nav class="x-wpcom-global-nav x-nav" aria-label="WordPress.com"> <ul class="x-nav-list"> <li class="x-nav-item lpc x-nav--logo"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-nav-link x-nav-link--logo x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/"> <svg class="x-icon x-icon--logo" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 170 36" role="presentation" aria-label="WordPress.com logo"><path d="M52.84 12.9c1.08 0 2 .24 2.8.71.78.47 1.4 1.14 1.82 1.99.44.85.65 1.84.65 2.97 0 1.13-.21 2.12-.65 2.97a4.78 4.78 0 0 1-1.83 1.97 5.3 5.3 0 0 1-2.79.7c-1.07 0-2-.23-2.79-.7a4.77 4.77 0 0 1-1.83-1.97 6.44 6.44 0 0 1-.64-2.97c0-1.13.21-2.13.64-2.97a4.77 4.77 0 0 1 1.83-1.99c.79-.47 1.72-.7 2.8-.7ZM31.37 9.4l2.65 10.73h.13L36.97 9.4h2.6l2.83 10.74h.13L45.17 9.4h2.85L43.9 24h-2.62l-2.94-10.25h-.11L35.28 24h-2.62L28.52 9.4h2.85Zm21.49 5.55c-.6 0-1.1.16-1.49.49a2.9 2.9 0 0 0-.88 1.3 5.4 5.4 0 0 0-.29 1.82c0 .67.1 1.27.3 1.81.18.54.48.97.87 1.3.4.32.9.48 1.49.48.58 0 1.07-.16 1.46-.48.39-.33.68-.76.88-1.3a5.4 5.4 0 0 0 .29-1.8c0-.68-.1-1.29-.3-1.83a2.88 2.88 0 0 0-.87-1.3c-.4-.33-.87-.49-1.46-.49ZM64.7 12.9a2.75 2.75 0 0 0-2.7 1.98h-.12v-1.83h-2.5v10.96h2.58v-6.44a2.27 2.27 0 0 1 1.2-2.07c.39-.2.81-.3 1.28-.3a5.55 5.55 0 0 1 1.2.14v-2.37a8.44 8.44 0 0 0-.93-.07Zm8.95 1.96h-.1a4.93 4.93 0 0 0-.57-.85c-.24-.3-.57-.56-.99-.78a3.44 3.44 0 0 0-1.59-.32 4.24 4.24 0 0 0-3.93 2.55 7.1 7.1 0 0 0-.6 3.08c0 1.22.2 2.22.59 3.06a4.16 4.16 0 0 0 3.94 2.59 3.16 3.16 0 0 0 2.57-1.07c.25-.3.44-.58.58-.84h.15V24h2.55V9.4h-2.6v5.46Zm-.25 5.53c-.2.53-.5.95-.88 1.24-.38.3-.85.45-1.4.45-.55 0-1.04-.15-1.43-.46-.4-.3-.69-.73-.88-1.26-.2-.54-.3-1.15-.3-1.83 0-.69.1-1.28.3-1.81.19-.53.48-.94.87-1.24.38-.3.87-.45 1.44-.45.58 0 1.03.15 1.42.43.38.3.67.7.87 1.22.2.53.3 1.14.3 1.85 0 .7-.1 1.33-.3 1.86Zm13.24-10.36a5.87 5.87 0 0 0-2.84-.63h-5.5V24h2.66v-4.93h2.8c1.13 0 2.08-.2 2.86-.63a4.23 4.23 0 0 0 1.75-1.71c.4-.73.6-1.56.6-2.5s-.2-1.75-.6-2.48a4.22 4.22 0 0 0-1.73-1.72Zm-.68 5.58c-.2.4-.52.71-.93.94-.43.23-.96.34-1.62.34h-2.45v-5.28h2.43c.67 0 1.21.11 1.63.33.42.22.74.53.94.92.2.4.3.85.3 1.37 0 .53-.1.98-.3 1.38Zm9.39-2.71a2.75 2.75 0 0 0-2.71 1.98h-.12v-1.83h-2.51v10.96h2.59v-6.44a2.27 2.27 0 0 1 1.2-2.07c.38-.2.8-.3 1.28-.3a5.55 5.55 0 0 1 1.2.14v-2.37a8.44 8.44 0 0 0-.93-.07Zm9.81 1.33c-.47-.45-1-.78-1.6-1a5.68 5.68 0 0 0-4.66.4 4.87 4.87 0 0 0-1.82 2 6.49 6.49 0 0 0-.65 2.96c0 1.13.22 2.14.65 2.99a4.62 4.62 0 0 0 1.84 1.95c.8.46 1.75.69 2.85.69.85 0 1.61-.13 2.28-.39a4.2 4.2 0 0 0 1.63-1.1c.43-.47.72-1.02.87-1.66l-2.42-.27a2 2 0 0 1-.5.78 2.56 2.56 0 0 1-1.82.63 2.9 2.9 0 0 1-1.48-.36 2.46 2.46 0 0 1-.98-1.04 3.5 3.5 0 0 1-.35-1.57h7.66v-.8c0-.96-.13-1.78-.4-2.48a4.71 4.71 0 0 0-1.1-1.72Zm-6.15 3.26c.03-.43.13-.83.33-1.2a2.57 2.57 0 0 1 2.34-1.37 2.34 2.34 0 0 1 2.18 1.25c.2.38.31.82.32 1.32h-5.17Zm14.65.27-1.87-.4c-.56-.13-.96-.3-1.2-.5a.94.94 0 0 1-.36-.77c0-.37.18-.67.54-.9.37-.24.82-.36 1.36-.36.4 0 .74.07 1.02.2.27.13.5.3.66.5.16.21.28.44.35.67l2.36-.25a3.45 3.45 0 0 0-1.38-2.22 5.03 5.03 0 0 0-3.05-.82 6.2 6.2 0 0 0-2.32.4 3.6 3.6 0 0 0-1.57 1.16 2.8 2.8 0 0 0-.55 1.76c0 .8.25 1.46.75 1.98s1.29.89 2.34 1.1l1.88.4c.5.1.88.26 1.12.47.24.2.36.46.36.78 0 .37-.19.68-.56.93-.38.25-.87.38-1.49.38a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-1.45-.38 1.77 1.77 0 0 1-.73-1.12l-2.53.24c.16 1 .65 1.8 1.47 2.36.82.56 1.9.84 3.25.84.91 0 1.72-.15 2.43-.44.7-.3 1.26-.7 1.66-1.23.4-.53.6-1.13.6-1.82 0-.79-.26-1.42-.77-1.9a4.76 4.76 0 0 0-2.32-1.07Zm10.13 0-1.88-.4c-.56-.13-.96-.3-1.2-.5a.94.94 0 0 1-.35-.77c0-.37.17-.67.54-.9a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.36-.36c.4 0 .73.07 1.01.2a1.8 1.8 0 0 1 1.01 1.17l2.36-.25a3.45 3.45 0 0 0-1.38-2.22 5.03 5.03 0 0 0-3.04-.82 6.1 6.1 0 0 0-2.32.4 3.6 3.6 0 0 0-1.57 1.16 2.8 2.8 0 0 0-.56 1.76c0 .8.25 1.46.76 1.98.5.52 1.28.89 2.34 1.1l1.87.4c.5.1.88.26 1.12.47.24.2.36.46.36.78 0 .37-.18.68-.56.93-.38.25-.87.38-1.49.38a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-1.45-.38 1.77 1.77 0 0 1-.73-1.12l-2.53.24c.16 1 .65 1.8 1.47 2.36.82.56 1.9.84 3.25.84a6.3 6.3 0 0 0 2.43-.44c.71-.3 1.26-.7 1.66-1.23.4-.53.6-1.13.6-1.82 0-.79-.25-1.42-.76-1.9a4.76 4.76 0 0 0-2.32-1.07Zm5.85 3.28a1.55 1.55 0 0 0-1.58 1.55c0 .44.15.8.46 1.11.3.3.68.46 1.12.46.28 0 .54-.07.77-.21.24-.14.43-.33.58-.57a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-.25-1.89c-.32-.3-.68-.45-1.1-.45ZM136 15.4c.4-.28.87-.42 1.4-.42.62 0 1.12.18 1.5.53.37.35.61.8.71 1.32h2.48a4.07 4.07 0 0 0-.7-2.07 4.07 4.07 0 0 0-1.65-1.37 5.52 5.52 0 0 0-2.38-.5 4.83 4.83 0 0 0-4.61 2.71 6.47 6.47 0 0 0-.64 2.96c0 1.11.2 2.08.63 2.93a4.77 4.77 0 0 0 1.81 2 5.3 5.3 0 0 0 2.83.72 5.4 5.4 0 0 0 2.4-.5 4.04 4.04 0 0 0 2.3-3.46h-2.47c-.08.4-.22.73-.42 1-.2.28-.46.5-.76.64s-.65.21-1.03.21c-.54 0-1-.14-1.4-.43-.4-.28-.71-.7-.94-1.23a5.03 5.03 0 0 1-.32-1.92c0-.75.1-1.37.33-1.9.22-.53.53-.93.93-1.22Zm14.8-1.8a5.34 5.34 0 0 0-2.79-.7c-1.07 0-2 .23-2.8.7a4.77 4.77 0 0 0-1.82 1.99 6.49 6.49 0 0 0-.65 2.97c0 1.13.22 2.12.65 2.97.43.84 1.04 1.5 1.83 1.97s1.72.7 2.79.7 2-.23 2.8-.7a4.78 4.78 0 0 0 1.82-1.97 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 .65-2.97 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-.65-2.97 4.77 4.77 0 0 0-1.83-1.99Zm-.44 6.76c-.19.54-.48.97-.88 1.3-.39.32-.87.48-1.46.48a2.3 2.3 0 0 1-1.48-.48c-.4-.33-.69-.76-.88-1.3-.2-.54-.3-1.14-.3-1.8 0-.68.1-1.29.3-1.83.2-.54.49-.98.88-1.3.4-.33.89-.49 1.48-.49.6 0 1.07.16 1.46.49.4.32.69.76.88 1.3.2.54.3 1.15.3 1.82 0 .67-.1 1.27-.3 1.81Zm18.68-6.5a3.36 3.36 0 0 0-2.47-.96c-.8 0-1.49.18-2.07.54-.58.37-1 .85-1.23 1.46h-.12a2.85 2.85 0 0 0-1.08-1.47 3.2 3.2 0 0 0-1.89-.54 3.3 3.3 0 0 0-1.9.54c-.53.35-.9.84-1.14 1.47h-.12v-1.87h-2.48V24h2.6v-6.66c0-.46.08-.85.26-1.2.18-.33.43-.6.73-.78.31-.2.65-.28 1.02-.28.55 0 1 .17 1.34.5.34.34.5.8.5 1.36V24h2.55v-6.83c0-.62.17-1.12.52-1.51.35-.39.84-.58 1.47-.58a2 2 0 0 1 1.33.47c.36.32.54.82.54 1.5V24h2.6v-7.35c0-1.23-.32-2.16-.96-2.8v.01ZM11.47 5.33c6.32 0 11.46 5.12 11.46 11.42a11.46 11.46 0 0 1-22.93 0c0-6.3 5.14-11.42 11.47-11.42Zm.18 12.32-3.1 8.95a10.38 10.38 0 0 0 6.34-.16.9.9 0 0 1-.07-.15l-3.17-8.64Zm-9.6-5.08A10.26 10.26 0 0 0 6.97 26Zm18.46-.75c.05.33.07.68.07 1.06 0 1.04-.2 2.21-.78 3.68l-3.15 9.06a10.26 10.26 0 0 0 3.86-13.8ZM11.47 6.5c-3.6 0-6.77 1.84-8.62 4.63A23.92 23.92 0 0 0 6.26 11c.56-.03.62.78.07.85 0 0-.56.06-1.18.1L8.9 23.06l2.26-6.74-1.6-4.39c-.56-.03-1.09-.1-1.09-.1-.55-.03-.49-.87.07-.84 0 0 1.7.13 2.71.13C12.33 11.13 14 11 14 11c.55-.03.62.78.07.85 0 0-.56.06-1.18.1l3.72 11.04 1.03-3.43a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 .79-3.32 5.4 5.4 0 0 0-.85-2.83c-.53-.85-1.02-1.56-1.02-2.4 0-.95.72-1.83 1.74-1.83h.13a10.28 10.28 0 0 0-6.96-2.69Z" /></svg> </a> </li> <li class="x-nav-item x-nav-item--wide"> <button role="menuitem" class="x-nav-link x-link" data-dropdown-trigger="products" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Products <span class="x-nav-link-chevron" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </li> <li class="x-nav-item x-nav-item--wide"> <button role="menuitem" class="x-nav-link x-link" data-dropdown-trigger="features" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Features <span class="x-nav-link-chevron" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </li> <li class="x-nav-item x-nav-item--wide"> <button role="menuitem" class="x-nav-link x-link" data-dropdown-trigger="resources" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Resources <span class="x-nav-link-chevron" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </li> <li class="x-nav-item x-nav-item--wide lpc x-nav--pricing"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-nav-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/pricing/"> Plans & Pricing </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="x-nav-list"> <li class="x-nav-item x-nav-item--wide lpc x-nav--log-in"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-nav-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/log-in/"> Log in </a> </li> <li class="x-nav-item x-nav-item--wide lpc x-nav--sign-up"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-nav-link x-nav-link--primary x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/start/"> Get started </a> </li> <li class="x-nav-item x-nav-item--narrow"> <button role="menuitem" class="x-nav-link x-nav-link--menu x-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="x-hidden">Menu</span> <span class="x-icon x-icon--menu"> <span></span> <span></span> <span></span> </span> </button> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="x-dropdown"> <div class="x-dropdown-top"> <div class="x-dropdown-top-fill"></div> </div> <div class="x-dropdown-middle"></div> <div class="x-dropdown-bottom"> <div class="x-dropdown-bottom-fill"></div> </div> <div class="x-dropdown-content" data-dropdown-name="products" role="menu" aria-label="Products" aria-hidden="true"> <ul> <li class="lpc x-nav--hosting"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/hosting/" tabindex="-1"> WordPress Hosting </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--agencies"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/for-agencies/" tabindex="-1"> WordPress for Agencies </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--domains"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/domains/" tabindex="-1"> Domain Names </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--website-builder"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/website-builder/" tabindex="-1"> Website Builder </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--create-blog"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/create-blog/" tabindex="-1"> Create a Blog </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--newsletter"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/newsletter/" tabindex="-1"> Newsletter </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--email"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/professional-email/" tabindex="-1"> Professional Email </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--website-design-service"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/website-design-service/" tabindex="-1"> Website Design Services </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--ecommerce"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/ecommerce/" tabindex="-1"> Commerce </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--vip x-nav-show_separator_above"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wpvip.com/wordpress-vip-agile-content-platform?utm_source=WordPresscom&utm_medium=automattic_referral&utm_campaign=top_nav" tabindex="-1"> Enterprise WordPress<span class="x-nav__external-link-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 9 9" class="x-icon x-icon--external" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M5.5 0v1h1.795L2.38 5.915l.705.705L8 1.705V3.5h1V0H5.5zM8 8H1V1h3V0H1a1 1 0 00-1 1v7a1 1 0 001 1h7a1 1 0 001-1V5H8v3z" /> </svg></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="x-dropdown-content" data-dropdown-name="features" role="menu" aria-label="Features" aria-hidden="true"> <ul> <li class="lpc x-nav--features"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/features/" tabindex="-1"> Overview </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--themes x-nav-show_separator_above"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/themes" tabindex="-1"> WordPress Themes </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--plugins"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/plugins" tabindex="-1"> WordPress Plugins </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--patterns"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/patterns" tabindex="-1"> WordPress Patterns </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--google"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/google/" tabindex="-1"> Google Apps </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="x-dropdown-content" data-dropdown-name="resources" role="menu" aria-label="Resources" aria-hidden="true"> <ul> <li class="lpc x-nav--support"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/support/" tabindex="-1"> WordPress.com Support </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--blog"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/" tabindex="-1"> WordPress News </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--experts"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/go/" tabindex="-1"> Website Building Tips </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--business-name-generator"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/business-name-generator/" tabindex="-1"> Business Name Generator </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--logo-maker"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/logo-maker/" tabindex="-1"> Logo Maker </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--discover"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/discover" tabindex="-1"> Discover New Posts </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--tags"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/tags" tabindex="-1"> Popular Tags </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--search"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/read/search" tabindex="-1"> Blog Search </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--webinars"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/webinars/" tabindex="-1"> Daily Webinars </a> </li> <li class="lpc x-nav--learn"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-dropdown-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/learn/" tabindex="-1"> Learn WordPress </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="x-menu" role="menu" aria-label="WordPress.com Navigation Menu" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="x-menu-overlay"></div> <div class="x-menu-content"> <button class="x-menu-button x-link" tabindex="-1"> <span class="x-hidden">Close the navigation menu</span> <span class="x-icon x-icon--close"> <span></span> <span></span> </span> </button> <div class="x-menu-list"> <div class="x-menu-list-title"> Get started </div> <ul class="x-menu-grid"> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--sign-up"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/start/" tabindex="-1"> Sign up <span class="x-menu-link-chevron" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--log-in"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/log-in/" tabindex="-1"> Log in <span class="x-menu-link-chevron" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="x-menu-list"> <div class="x-hidden"> About </div> <ul class="x-menu-grid"> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--pricing"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/pricing/" tabindex="-1"> Plans & Pricing </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="x-menu-list"> <div class="x-menu-list-title"> Products </div> <ul class="x-menu-grid"> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--hosting"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/hosting/" tabindex="-1"> WordPress Hosting </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--agencies"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/for-agencies/" tabindex="-1"> WordPress for Agencies </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--domains"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/domains/" tabindex="-1"> Domain Names </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--website-builder"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/website-builder/" tabindex="-1"> Website Builder </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--create-blog"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/create-blog/" tabindex="-1"> Create a Blog </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--newsletter"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/newsletter/" tabindex="-1"> Newsletter </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--email"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/professional-email/" tabindex="-1"> Professional Email </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--website-design-service"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/website-design-service/" tabindex="-1"> Website Design Services </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--ecommerce"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/ecommerce/" tabindex="-1"> Commerce </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--vip"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wpvip.com/wordpress-vip-agile-content-platform?utm_source=WordPresscom&utm_medium=automattic_referral&utm_campaign=top_nav" tabindex="-1"> Enterprise WordPress <span class="x-nav__external-link-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 9 9" class="x-icon x-icon--external" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M5.5 0v1h1.795L2.38 5.915l.705.705L8 1.705V3.5h1V0H5.5zM8 8H1V1h3V0H1a1 1 0 00-1 1v7a1 1 0 001 1h7a1 1 0 001-1V5H8v3z" /> </svg></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="x-menu-list"> <div class="x-menu-list-title"> Features </div> <ul class="x-menu-grid"> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--features"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/features/" tabindex="-1"> Overview </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--themes"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/themes" tabindex="-1"> WordPress Themes </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--plugins"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/plugins" tabindex="-1"> WordPress Plugins </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--patterns"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/patterns" tabindex="-1"> WordPress Patterns </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--google"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/google/" tabindex="-1"> Google Apps </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="x-menu-list"> <div class="x-menu-list-title"> Resources </div> <ul class="x-menu-grid"> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--support"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/support/" tabindex="-1"> WordPress.com Support </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--blog"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/" tabindex="-1"> WordPress News </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--experts"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/go/" tabindex="-1"> Website Building Tips </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--business-name-generator"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/business-name-generator/" tabindex="-1"> Business Name Generator </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--logo-maker"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/logo-maker/" tabindex="-1"> Logo Maker </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--discover"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/discover" tabindex="-1"> Discover New Posts </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--tags"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/tags" tabindex="-1"> Popular Tags </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--search"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/read/search" tabindex="-1"> Blog Search </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--webinars"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/webinars/" tabindex="-1"> Daily Webinars </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--learn"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://wordpress.com/learn/" tabindex="-1"> Learn WordPress </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="x-menu-list is-mobile-app-supported"> <div class="x-menu-list-title"> Jetpack App </div> <ul class="x-menu-grid"> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--mobile-badge x-nav--apple-app-store is-ios"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://apps.wordpress.com/get/?campaign=wpcom-log-out-home-global-nav" tabindex="-1"> <img src="https://wpcom.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/group-1000004724.png" loading="lazy" alt="" role="presentation" width="120" height="34"> </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--mobile-badge x-nav--google-play is-android"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://apps.wordpress.com/get/?campaign=wpcom-log-out-home-global-nav" tabindex="-1"> <img src="https://wpcom.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/play-store-logo.png" loading="lazy" alt="" role="presentation" width="120" height="34"> </a> </li> <li class="x-menu-grid-item lpc x-nav--learn-more"> <a role="menuitem" class="x-menu-link x-link" href="https://apps.wordpress.com/mobile" tabindex="-1"> Learn more <span class="x-menu-link-chevron" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="content" class="wpblog__main-body wpblog__main-body--single">  <nav class="wpblog-page-cat-nav"> <div class="wpblog__container"> <div class="wpblog-categories-search-row"> <div class="wpblog-categories-search-row__title wpblog__blog-title"> <div class="wpblog__blog-title--small"><a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/">Blog</a></div> </div> <div class="wpblog-categories-search-row__categories"> <div class="wpblog-category-menu"> <div class="wpblog-slider">  <div id="wpblog-slider" class="scrollbar-hide"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/category/news/" class="wpblog-category-tab ">News</a> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/category/development/" class="wpblog-category-tab ">Development</a> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/category/product-features/" class="wpblog-category-tab ">Product Features</a> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/category/tips-and-tutorials/" class="wpblog-category-tab ">Tips and Tutorials</a> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/category/resources/" class="wpblog-category-tab ">Resources</a> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/category/customer-stories/" class="wpblog-category-tab ">Customer Stories</a> </div> </div> <div class="wpblog-category-select" id="wpblog-category-select-wrapper"> <div class="wpblog-select"> <div class="wpblog-select__trigger"> <span class="wpblog-select__trigger-text">Categories</span> <div class="wpblog-select__arrow"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"> <path d="M6.62598 12.4L11.8977 8L17.1694 12.4L16.3068 13.6L11.8977 10L7.58447 13.6L6.62598 12.4Z" fill="#101517"/> </svg> </div>  </div> <div class="wpblog-select__options"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/category/news/" class="wpblog-select__option ">News</a> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/category/development/" class="wpblog-select__option ">Development</a> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/category/product-features/" class="wpblog-select__option ">Product Features</a> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/category/tips-and-tutorials/" class="wpblog-select__option ">Tips and Tutorials</a> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/category/resources/" class="wpblog-select__option ">Resources</a> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/category/customer-stories/" class="wpblog-select__option ">Customer Stories</a> </div> </div> </div>  <form id="searchform" name="searchform" method="get" action="https://wordpress.com/blog" class="wpblog-cat-nav-search-box wpblog-cat-nav-search-box--mini"> <input type="text" id="s" name="s" placeholder="Search" /> <div class="wpblog-search-button"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" class="search-icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18 11.5C18 14.5376 15.5376 17 12.5 17C11.103 17 9.82771 16.4792 8.85761 15.6211L5.49386 18.5644L4.5061 17.4355L7.87915 14.4841C7.32293 13.6246 7 12.6 7 11.5C7 8.46243 9.46243 6 12.5 6C15.5376 6 18 8.46243 18 11.5ZM16.5 11.5C16.5 13.7091 14.7091 15.5 12.5 15.5C10.2909 15.5 8.5 13.7091 8.5 11.5C8.5 9.29086 10.2909 7.5 12.5 7.5C14.7091 7.5 16.5 9.29086 16.5 11.5Z" fill="#1E1E1E"></path> </svg> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" class="cross-icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <rect x="19.0532" y="3.5332" width="2.3" height="22.9305" rx="1.15" transform="rotate(45 19.0532 3.5332)" fill="#8C8F94"/> <rect x="20.4673" y="19.7476" width="2.3" height="22.9305" rx="1.15" transform="rotate(135 20.4673 19.7476)" fill="#8C8F94"/> </svg> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <article id="post-69454" class="post post-69454 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-development"> <header class="wpblog-page-title-header"> <div class="wpblog__container">  <div class="wpblog-title__row"> <h1 class="wpblog-title__heading wpblog-title__post-title">Building Studio in Public: How Open Source Collaboration Enhances Studio</h1> </div> <div class="wpblog-post-info">  <div class="wpblog-post-info__date-time"> <span> Oct 3, 2024  ·  6 mins read</span> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </header>  <section class="wpblog__section wpblog__section--edge-to-edge wpblog__section--bottom-spaced"> <div class="wpblog__container"> <article class="wpblog-post-hero">  <figure class="wpblog-post-hero__image"> <img width="1600" height="1000" src="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/07/building-in-public-studio.jpg?w=1600&h=1000&crop=1" class="w-full h-auto object-cover wp-post-image" alt="a screenshot of the Studio by WordPress.com app on a black polka-dotted background" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/07/building-in-public-studio.jpg?w=1600&h=1000&crop=1 1600w, https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/07/building-in-public-studio.jpg?w=150&h=94&crop=1 150w, https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/07/building-in-public-studio.jpg?w=300&h=188&crop=1 300w, https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/07/building-in-public-studio.jpg?w=768&h=480&crop=1 768w, https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/07/building-in-public-studio.jpg?w=1024&h=640&crop=1 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" data-attachment-id="68849" data-permalink="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/07/31/wordpress-components-tailwind-css/building-in-public-studio/" data-orig-file="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/07/building-in-public-studio.jpg" data-orig-size="4290,1500" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="building-in-public-studio" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/07/building-in-public-studio.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/07/building-in-public-studio.jpg?w=1024" /> </figure>  <div class="wpblog-post-hero__meta-data wpblog--bg-gray">  <div> <p class="wpblog-post-hero__subtitle">POSTED BY</p> </div>  <div class="wpblog-post-hero__author-info-row">  <div class="wpblog-post-hero__author-image"> <img src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f57837361a31079ccb5e3e3763ac2626?s=80&d=retro" alt="Author Image" /> </div>  <div class="wpblog-post-hero__author-details"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/author/carlosgprim/"> <p class="post-author-name">Carlos G. Prim</p> <p class="post-author-title">Dotcom Marketing, Content</p> </a> </div> </div>  <div class="wpblog-post-hero__related-reading"> <p class="wpblog-post-hero__subtitle">RELATED READING</p>  <div class="wpblog-post-hero__related-article"> <h3 class="wpblog-post-hero__related-title"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/31/5-powerful-gutenberg-blocks-for-developers-to-create-custom-layouts/"> 5 Powerful Gutenberg Blocks for Developers to Create Custom Layouts</a> </h3> <p class="wpblog-post-hero__related-author"> Tanya Thibodeau </p> </div>  <div class="wpblog-post-hero__related-article"> <h3 class="wpblog-post-hero__related-title"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/29/studio-assistant/"> Meet the Studio Assistant: Your Smart Companion for Building WordPress Sites Locally</a> </h3> <p class="wpblog-post-hero__related-author"> Antonio Sejas </p> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <div class="post-content entrytext"> <div class="wpblog__container"> <div id="wpblog-post-body"> <p>It’s now time for Part 3 of our “Building Studio in Public” series! In today’s post, we’ll explore how <a href="https://developer.wordpress.com/studio/?utm_source=dotcom_blog&utm_medium=blog_post&utm_campaign=bip_3">the Studio app</a> connects with other open source projects, with a focus on its key relationship with <a href="https://wordpress.org/playground/">WordPress Playground</a>. We’ll also dive into the benefits and challenges of this symbiotic relationship, showing how both projects mutually benefit from improvements and bug fixes.</p> <p><em>If you’re following the series, be sure to check out past posts:</em></p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li><a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/07/31/wordpress-components-tailwind-css/">Using WordPress Components and Tailwind CSS in our Local Development App</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/08/20/studio-performance-electron/">Maintaining High Performance in Our Local Development App for Enhanced UX</a></li> </ul> <p>As a reminder, Studio is our free and open source local WordPress development app.</p> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button btn-primary text-color-white"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://developer.wordpress.com/studio/?utm_source=dotcom_blog&utm_medium=blog_post&utm_campaign=bip_3">Download Studio for free</a></div> </div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">How Studio connects to other open source projects</h2> <p>Studio relies on various open source projects, with the primary one being <a href="https://wordpress.org/playground/">WordPress Playground</a> which provides a local WordPress server, handling everything from running PHP code to serving static files and managing a database. This allows developers to test WordPress sites, plugins, and themes in a local, sandboxed environment.</p> <p>WordPress Playground utilizes <a href="https://emscripten.org/">Emscripten</a> to compile the PHP interpreter to WebAssembly, enabling PHP to run in the browser and other platforms—a significant leap for WordPress development.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><a href="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/10/wordpress-playground.jpg"><img data-attachment-id="69457" data-permalink="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/wordpress-playground/" data-orig-file="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/10/wordpress-playground.jpg" data-orig-size="1400,751" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="wordpress-playground" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/10/wordpress-playground.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/10/wordpress-playground.jpg?w=1024" width="1400" height="751" src="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/10/wordpress-playground.jpg" alt="a screenshot of WordPress Playground with a site running Twenty Twenty Four on the right" class="wp-image-69457" srcset="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/10/wordpress-playground.jpg 1400w, https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/10/wordpress-playground.jpg?w=150&h=80 150w, https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/10/wordpress-playground.jpg?w=300&h=161 300w, https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/10/wordpress-playground.jpg?w=768&h=412 768w, https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/10/wordpress-playground.jpg?w=1024&h=549 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px" /></a></figure> <p>By way of WordPress Playground, Studio also makes use of other open source tools like the <a href="https://github.com/WordPress/sqlite-database-integration">SQLite integration plugin</a>.</p> <p>Studio itself is open source, which means the codebase is available for review, contribution, and forking by the community. This openness fosters collaboration, encourages innovation, and enables rapid identification and resolution of issues.</p> <p>Because of the open source nature of Studio and the projects it uses like WordPress Playground, we are not blocked by missing or undesired behavior of our libraries but can instead help uncover issues or opportunities for enhancement in these projects and contribute the necessary fixes and improvements. Instead of building workarounds, we can directly enhance Studio’s performance and capabilities by submitting fixes to the actual problems. </p> <p>This creates a virtuous cycle of improvement, showcasing <strong>how open source collaboration drives innovation and helps solve complex challenges</strong>.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Challenges we discovered working with WordPress Playground</h2> <p>WordPress Playground is powerful, but since it makes WordPress run in an unusual environment–the browser instead of a server–some things work differently than developers expect. While using it to power Studio allows us to achieve all the good things, like a fast setup, we also had to overcome some challenges:</p> <ol class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>Cross-platform compatibility:</strong> Ensuring that WordPress Playground runs smoothly on different operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux) and across browsers requires extensive testing and fine-tuning.<br></li> <li><strong>Performance:</strong> Managing multiple resources (PHP interpreter, WordPress site, database, and file system) while running multiple sites in Studio can strain performance. You can learn more about <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/08/20/studio-performance-electron/">how we maintain high performance in Studio here</a>.</li> </ol> <ol start="3" class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>Plugin and theme compatibility:</strong> Although WordPress Playground creates a full environment for running sites, some plugins and themes rely on extensions that are not included in WordPress Playground by default. Adjustments are often necessary to accommodate support for the different plugins and themes.<br></li> <li><strong>Database handling:</strong> WordPress Playground uses an SQLite database instead of MySQL, fundamentally altering how WordPress operates. This shift requires adaptations for database queries and compatibility with plugins and themes.</li> </ol> <p>These complexities sometimes lead to incompatibilities, bugs, or performance issues. However, we believe the benefits of WordPress Playground far outweigh the challenges, and we are committed to addressing them by contributing to the Playground project. Thus not only Studio works better, but everyone who uses Playground has a better experience.</p> <p>In turn, Studio also benefits from contributions from other Playground users.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Our recent contributions to WordPress Playground and other open source projects</h2> <p>As part of our contributions to the Studio app, we recently focused on improving the compatibility of plugins, themes, and workflows in sites. The following are some of the fixes we made that contributed to the projects.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">MySQL database compatibility</h3> <p>With a <a href="https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-playground/pull/1752">pull request</a>, we helped improve the compatibility of sites connecting to MySQL databases, making Studio more flexible in handling various site configurations and expanding its capability to support more diverse WordPress setups.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Symlink support</h3> <p>We submitted two contributions (<a href="https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-playground/pull/1724">PR 1</a>, <a href="https://github.com/Automattic/studio/pull/510">PR 2</a>) to add crucial support for handling symlinks in sites, greatly improving file system compatibility and flexibility. This enhancement significantly improves the development workflow, enabling developers to maintain cleaner project structures and more efficiently manage their themes and plugins across multiple projects. It also facilitates easier version control and collaboration by allowing links to external repositories without duplicating files.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Windows media upload fix</h3> <p><a href="https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/pull/21902">A fix</a> resolved critical issues with uploading media on sites when using the Windows version of the Studio app, ensuring a smoother experience for Windows users. This contribution addressed a significant functionality gap, ensuring that Studio provides a consistent and reliable media management experience across all supported operating systems.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">WordPress core and extension upgrades</h3> <p><a href="https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/pull/21964">Another contribution</a> fixed the process of upgrading versions of WordPress, plugins, and themes. This improvement streamlined the update process within Studio, allowing developers to maintain their WordPress installations and associated extensions easily.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">WooCommerce compatibility</h3> <p>This <a href="https://github.com/WordPress/sqlite-database-integration/pull/150">pull request</a> significantly improved compatibility with the WooCommerce plugin, expanding Studio’s utility for e-commerce development. This contribution addressed specific database queries and operations that were incompatible with the SQLite database used in sites created with Studio. The SQLite integration plugin involves different complexities to allow seamless integration with the WordPress ecosystem, and this contribution addresses one of the main pain points of using WooCommerce in local WordPress environments.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">cURL extension compatibility</h3> <p>We contributed the ability to <a href="https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-playground/pull/1273">enable the cURL extension</a> on PHP used with Playground which turned out to be a requirement by a significant number of plugins for external API calls or remote data fetching. This broadens the range of plugins that can be used effectively within Studio and WordPress Playground.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">File creation compatibility</h3> <p>A <a href="https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/pull/22589">fix</a> improved compatibility with plugins that create files using umask to set file permissions, enhancing the file system operations. This was crucial for plugins that generate caches, create custom CSS or JavaScript files, or manage uploads in non-standard ways. By resolving these file operation issues, we ensured that a broader range of plugins could function correctly within Studio, providing a more accurate representation of how sites would behave in a production environment.</p> <p>All the above examples demonstrate how collaborative contributions help Studio evolve, making it more compatible with the vast array of plugins and themes in the WordPress ecosystem.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><a href="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/04/studio-wordpress-com-create-demo-local-site.png"><img data-attachment-id="60971" data-permalink="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/04/24/studio/studio-wordpress-com-create-demo-local-site/" data-orig-file="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/04/studio-wordpress-com-create-demo-local-site.png" data-orig-size="1600,900" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="studio-wordpress-com-create-demo-local-site" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/04/studio-wordpress-com-create-demo-local-site.png?w=300" data-large-file="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/04/studio-wordpress-com-create-demo-local-site.png?w=1024" width="1600" height="900" src="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/04/studio-wordpress-com-create-demo-local-site.png" alt="a cursor clicking a blue Add demo site button under the Share tab on Studio by WordPress.com" class="wp-image-60971" srcset="https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/04/studio-wordpress-com-create-demo-local-site.png 1600w, https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/04/studio-wordpress-com-create-demo-local-site.png?w=150&h=84 150w, https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/04/studio-wordpress-com-create-demo-local-site.png?w=300&h=169 300w, https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/04/studio-wordpress-com-create-demo-local-site.png?w=768&h=432 768w, https://en-blog.files.wordpress.com/2024/04/studio-wordpress-com-create-demo-local-site.png?w=1024&h=576 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" /></a></figure> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">How to contribute</h2> <p>If this post has inspired you to contribute to open source projects (<a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/09/26/our-wordpress-contributions/">we’re big fans</a>), here’s how you can get involved with some of our favorite open source projects:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li><a href="https://github.com/Automattic/studio?tab=readme-ov-file#contributing">Contribute to the Studio app project</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-playground?tab=readme-ov-file#how-can-i-contribute">Contribute to the WordPress Playground project</a></li> <li><a href="https://make.wordpress.org/">Contribute to the WordPress project</a></li> </ul> <p>Together we can build incredible tools for the community! 🙂</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Ready to build?</h2> <p>If this information has piqued your interest, or if you’re developing WordPress sites, <a href="https://developer.wordpress.com/studio/?utm_source=dotcom_blog&utm_medium=blog_post&utm_campaign=bip_3">start leveraging the power of Studio today</a>. It’s free, it’s <a href="http://github.com/automattic/studio">open source</a>, and it seamlessly integrates into your development workflow.</p> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button btn-primary text-color-white"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://developer.wordpress.com/studio/?utm_source=dotcom_blog&utm_medium=blog_post&utm_campaign=bip_3">Download Studio for free</a></div> </div> <p>After downloading Studio, <a href="https://wordpress.com">connect it to your WordPress.com account</a> (free or paid) to unlock features like Demo Sites.</p> <div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-tumblr"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-tumblr sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/?share=tumblr" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Tumblr" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-x"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-x-69454" class="share-x sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/?share=x" target="_blank" title="Click to share on X" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on X (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-mastodon"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-mastodon-69454" class="share-mastodon sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/?share=mastodon" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Mastodon" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Mastodon (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-69454" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-linkedin-69454" class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/?share=linkedin" target="_blank" title="Click to share on LinkedIn" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-jetpack-whatsapp"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-jetpack-whatsapp sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/?share=jetpack-whatsapp" target="_blank" title="Click to share on WhatsApp" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-threads"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-threads-69454" class="share-threads sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/?share=threads" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Threads" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Threads (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-bluesky"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-bluesky-69454" class="share-bluesky sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/?share=bluesky" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Bluesky" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Bluesky (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li><a href="#" class="sharing-anchor sd-button share-more"><span>More</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul><div class="sharing-hidden"><div class="inner" style="display: none;"><ul><li class="share-email"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-email sd-button share-icon no-text" href="mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Building%20Studio%20in%20Public%3A%20How%20Open%20Source%20Collaboration%20Enhances%20Studio&body=https%3A%2F%2Fwordpress.com%2Fblog%2F2024%2F10%2F03%2Fopen-source-collaboration%2F&share=email" target="_blank" title="Click to email a link to a friend" data-email-share-error-title="Do you have email set up?" data-email-share-error-text="If you're having problems sharing via email, you might not have email set up for your browser. You may need to create a new email yourself." data-email-share-nonce="44269ecc6f" data-email-share-track-url="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/?share=email"><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-print sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/#print" target="_blank" title="Click to print" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to print (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-pinterest"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-pinterest-69454" class="share-pinterest sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/?share=pinterest" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Pinterest" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/?share=reddit" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Reddit" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-pocket"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-pocket sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/?share=pocket" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Pocket" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-3584907-69454-6746b4c5b60f6' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20241127#blog_id=3584907&post_id=69454&origin=en.blog.wordpress.com&obj_id=3584907-69454-6746b4c5b60f6&domain=wordpress.com' data-name='like-post-frame-3584907-69454-6746b4c5b60f6' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <div id="entry-comments" class="wpblog__container"> <div class="wpblog-comments">  <h3 id="comments" class="commentsheader">2 Comments</h3> <p class="nocomments"><span>Comments are closed.</span></p> <div class="commentnav"> <div class="alignleft"></div> <div class="alignright"></div> </div> <ol class="commentlist"> <li class="comment byuser comment-author-khuramwaqas even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-444401"> <cite class="comment-author"> <img alt='' src='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/cb47a031645c20b5412c3eb8a89b78afae2264bffd1ffef79a782c0388cd91e1?s=32&d=retro' srcset='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/cb47a031645c20b5412c3eb8a89b78afae2264bffd1ffef79a782c0388cd91e1?s=32&d=retro 1x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/cb47a031645c20b5412c3eb8a89b78afae2264bffd1ffef79a782c0388cd91e1?s=48&d=retro 1.5x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/cb47a031645c20b5412c3eb8a89b78afae2264bffd1ffef79a782c0388cd91e1?s=64&d=retro 2x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/cb47a031645c20b5412c3eb8a89b78afae2264bffd1ffef79a782c0388cd91e1?s=96&d=retro 3x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/cb47a031645c20b5412c3eb8a89b78afae2264bffd1ffef79a782c0388cd91e1?s=128&d=retro 4x' class='avatar avatar-32' height='32' width='32' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /> <a href="https://thoughtsandreality.com" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">khuramwaqas</a> </cite> <small class="commentmetadata"> <a href="#comment-444401" title=""> Oct 6th at 9:23 pm </a> </small> <div class="contenttext"><p>I am a beginner in these things but I will try it on one o za</p> <p id="comment-like-444401" data-liked=comment-not-liked class="comment-likes comment-not-liked"><a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/?like_comment=444401&_wpnonce=8f3bc63a63" class="comment-like-link needs-login" data-blog="3584907"><span>Like</span></a><span id="comment-like-count-444401" class="comment-like-feedback">Liked by <a href="#" class="view-likers" data-like-count="1">1 person</a></span></p> </div> <ul class="comment-actions"> </ul> </li> </li> <li class="comment byuser comment-author-aidenlarsen31 odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-444419"> <cite class="comment-author"> <img alt='' src='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a0ac1e385dea3e3df147bad6ce80a1c3f880dee839a90d21098b4b21c2789499?s=32&d=retro' srcset='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a0ac1e385dea3e3df147bad6ce80a1c3f880dee839a90d21098b4b21c2789499?s=32&d=retro 1x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a0ac1e385dea3e3df147bad6ce80a1c3f880dee839a90d21098b4b21c2789499?s=48&d=retro 1.5x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a0ac1e385dea3e3df147bad6ce80a1c3f880dee839a90d21098b4b21c2789499?s=64&d=retro 2x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a0ac1e385dea3e3df147bad6ce80a1c3f880dee839a90d21098b4b21c2789499?s=96&d=retro 3x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a0ac1e385dea3e3df147bad6ce80a1c3f880dee839a90d21098b4b21c2789499?s=128&d=retro 4x' class='avatar avatar-32' height='32' width='32' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /> <a href="http://bloging599.wordpress.com" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Aiden</a> </cite> <small class="commentmetadata"> <a href="#comment-444419" title=""> Oct 9th at 3:31 pm </a> </small> <div class="contenttext"><p>I will check it out</p> <p id="comment-like-444419" data-liked=comment-not-liked class="comment-likes comment-not-liked"><a href="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/?like_comment=444419&_wpnonce=e657424335" class="comment-like-link needs-login" data-blog="3584907"><span>Like</span></a><span id="comment-like-count-444419" class="comment-like-feedback">Liked by <a href="#" class="view-likers" data-like-count="5">5 people</a></span></p> </div> <ul class="comment-actions"> </ul> </li> </li> </ol> <div class="commentnav"> <div class="alignleft"></div> <div class="alignright"></div> </div> <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 15px;"></div> </div> </div>  <section class="wpblog-signup wpblog__section wpblog--bg-blue wpblog__section--padded wpblog-signup--simple wpblog-subscribed"> <div class="wpblog__container"> <div class="wpblog-signup__container"> <div class="wpblog-signup-header"> <h2 class="wpblog__section-heading">Don’t miss a thing</h2> <p class="wpblog__section-subheading"> Sign up for the WordPress.com newsletter to get news, updates, and all the latest articles straight to your inbox. </p> </div>  <div class="wpblog-signup__form"> <div class="jetpack_subscription_widget"> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__container"> <form action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" data-blog="3584907" data-post_access_level="everybody" id="subscribe-blog" > <p id="subscribe-email"> <label id="subscribe-field-label" for="subscribe-field" class="screen-reader-text" > Email Address: </label> <input type="email" name="email" style="padding: 8px 12px 8px 12px;" placeholder="Email Address" value="" id="subscribe-field" required /> </p> <p id="subscribe-submit" > <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe"/> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="3584907"/> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/"/> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="widget"/> <input type="hidden" name="redirect_fragment" value="subscribe-blog"/> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="220f08f95e" /> <button type="submit" class="wp-block-button__link" style="padding: 8px 12px 8px 12px; margin: 0px; margin-left: 0px;" > Subscribe </button> </p> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div>   <div class="jetpack-instant-search__widget-area" style="display: none"> <div id="jetpack-search-filters-2" class="widget jetpack-filters widget_search"> <div id="jetpack-search-filters-2-wrapper" class="jetpack-instant-search-wrapper"> </div></div> </div> <section class="wpcom-global-nav-footer lp-block lp-footer-section lp-section is-style-text-white-background-gray-100 lp-padding-top-7 lp-padding-bottom-0" data-section-name="footer"><div class="lp-section__content has-small-font-size has-text-align-left"><div class="lp-wrapper lp-wrapper--layout-center-minus lp-wrapper--layout-wide@L"><div class="lp-padding-bottom-5 lp-padding-bottom-6@L"><h2 class="lp-hidden">WordPress.com</h2><svg class="lp-footer-logo" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 170 36" role="presentation" aria-label="WordPress.com logo"><path d="M52.84 12.9c1.08 0 2 .24 2.8.71.78.47 1.4 1.14 1.82 1.99.44.85.65 1.84.65 2.97 0 1.13-.21 2.12-.65 2.97a4.78 4.78 0 0 1-1.83 1.97 5.3 5.3 0 0 1-2.79.7c-1.07 0-2-.23-2.79-.7a4.77 4.77 0 0 1-1.83-1.97 6.44 6.44 0 0 1-.64-2.97c0-1.13.21-2.13.64-2.97a4.77 4.77 0 0 1 1.83-1.99c.79-.47 1.72-.7 2.8-.7ZM31.37 9.4l2.65 10.73h.13L36.97 9.4h2.6l2.83 10.74h.13L45.17 9.4h2.85L43.9 24h-2.62l-2.94-10.25h-.11L35.28 24h-2.62L28.52 9.4h2.85Zm21.49 5.55c-.6 0-1.1.16-1.49.49a2.9 2.9 0 0 0-.88 1.3 5.4 5.4 0 0 0-.29 1.82c0 .67.1 1.27.3 1.81.18.54.48.97.87 1.3.4.32.9.48 1.49.48.58 0 1.07-.16 1.46-.48.39-.33.68-.76.88-1.3a5.4 5.4 0 0 0 .29-1.8c0-.68-.1-1.29-.3-1.83a2.88 2.88 0 0 0-.87-1.3c-.4-.33-.87-.49-1.46-.49ZM64.7 12.9a2.75 2.75 0 0 0-2.7 1.98h-.12v-1.83h-2.5v10.96h2.58v-6.44a2.27 2.27 0 0 1 1.2-2.07c.39-.2.81-.3 1.28-.3a5.55 5.55 0 0 1 1.2.14v-2.37a8.44 8.44 0 0 0-.93-.07Zm8.95 1.96h-.1a4.93 4.93 0 0 0-.57-.85c-.24-.3-.57-.56-.99-.78a3.44 3.44 0 0 0-1.59-.32 4.24 4.24 0 0 0-3.93 2.55 7.1 7.1 0 0 0-.6 3.08c0 1.22.2 2.22.59 3.06a4.16 4.16 0 0 0 3.94 2.59 3.16 3.16 0 0 0 2.57-1.07c.25-.3.44-.58.58-.84h.15V24h2.55V9.4h-2.6v5.46Zm-.25 5.53c-.2.53-.5.95-.88 1.24-.38.3-.85.45-1.4.45-.55 0-1.04-.15-1.43-.46-.4-.3-.69-.73-.88-1.26-.2-.54-.3-1.15-.3-1.83 0-.69.1-1.28.3-1.81.19-.53.48-.94.87-1.24.38-.3.87-.45 1.44-.45.58 0 1.03.15 1.42.43.38.3.67.7.87 1.22.2.53.3 1.14.3 1.85 0 .7-.1 1.33-.3 1.86Zm13.24-10.36a5.87 5.87 0 0 0-2.84-.63h-5.5V24h2.66v-4.93h2.8c1.13 0 2.08-.2 2.86-.63a4.23 4.23 0 0 0 1.75-1.71c.4-.73.6-1.56.6-2.5s-.2-1.75-.6-2.48a4.22 4.22 0 0 0-1.73-1.72Zm-.68 5.58c-.2.4-.52.71-.93.94-.43.23-.96.34-1.62.34h-2.45v-5.28h2.43c.67 0 1.21.11 1.63.33.42.22.74.53.94.92.2.4.3.85.3 1.37 0 .53-.1.98-.3 1.38Zm9.39-2.71a2.75 2.75 0 0 0-2.71 1.98h-.12v-1.83h-2.51v10.96h2.59v-6.44a2.27 2.27 0 0 1 1.2-2.07c.38-.2.8-.3 1.28-.3a5.55 5.55 0 0 1 1.2.14v-2.37a8.44 8.44 0 0 0-.93-.07Zm9.81 1.33c-.47-.45-1-.78-1.6-1a5.68 5.68 0 0 0-4.66.4 4.87 4.87 0 0 0-1.82 2 6.49 6.49 0 0 0-.65 2.96c0 1.13.22 2.14.65 2.99a4.62 4.62 0 0 0 1.84 1.95c.8.46 1.75.69 2.85.69.85 0 1.61-.13 2.28-.39a4.2 4.2 0 0 0 1.63-1.1c.43-.47.72-1.02.87-1.66l-2.42-.27a2 2 0 0 1-.5.78 2.56 2.56 0 0 1-1.82.63 2.9 2.9 0 0 1-1.48-.36 2.46 2.46 0 0 1-.98-1.04 3.5 3.5 0 0 1-.35-1.57h7.66v-.8c0-.96-.13-1.78-.4-2.48a4.71 4.71 0 0 0-1.1-1.72Zm-6.15 3.26c.03-.43.13-.83.33-1.2a2.57 2.57 0 0 1 2.34-1.37 2.34 2.34 0 0 1 2.18 1.25c.2.38.31.82.32 1.32h-5.17Zm14.65.27-1.87-.4c-.56-.13-.96-.3-1.2-.5a.94.94 0 0 1-.36-.77c0-.37.18-.67.54-.9.37-.24.82-.36 1.36-.36.4 0 .74.07 1.02.2.27.13.5.3.66.5.16.21.28.44.35.67l2.36-.25a3.45 3.45 0 0 0-1.38-2.22 5.03 5.03 0 0 0-3.05-.82 6.2 6.2 0 0 0-2.32.4 3.6 3.6 0 0 0-1.57 1.16 2.8 2.8 0 0 0-.55 1.76c0 .8.25 1.46.75 1.98s1.29.89 2.34 1.1l1.88.4c.5.1.88.26 1.12.47.24.2.36.46.36.78 0 .37-.19.68-.56.93-.38.25-.87.38-1.49.38a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-1.45-.38 1.77 1.77 0 0 1-.73-1.12l-2.53.24c.16 1 .65 1.8 1.47 2.36.82.56 1.9.84 3.25.84.91 0 1.72-.15 2.43-.44.7-.3 1.26-.7 1.66-1.23.4-.53.6-1.13.6-1.82 0-.79-.26-1.42-.77-1.9a4.76 4.76 0 0 0-2.32-1.07Zm10.13 0-1.88-.4c-.56-.13-.96-.3-1.2-.5a.94.94 0 0 1-.35-.77c0-.37.17-.67.54-.9a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.36-.36c.4 0 .73.07 1.01.2a1.8 1.8 0 0 1 1.01 1.17l2.36-.25a3.45 3.45 0 0 0-1.38-2.22 5.03 5.03 0 0 0-3.04-.82 6.1 6.1 0 0 0-2.32.4 3.6 3.6 0 0 0-1.57 1.16 2.8 2.8 0 0 0-.56 1.76c0 .8.25 1.46.76 1.98.5.52 1.28.89 2.34 1.1l1.87.4c.5.1.88.26 1.12.47.24.2.36.46.36.78 0 .37-.18.68-.56.93-.38.25-.87.38-1.49.38a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-1.45-.38 1.77 1.77 0 0 1-.73-1.12l-2.53.24c.16 1 .65 1.8 1.47 2.36.82.56 1.9.84 3.25.84a6.3 6.3 0 0 0 2.43-.44c.71-.3 1.26-.7 1.66-1.23.4-.53.6-1.13.6-1.82 0-.79-.25-1.42-.76-1.9a4.76 4.76 0 0 0-2.32-1.07Zm5.85 3.28a1.55 1.55 0 0 0-1.58 1.55c0 .44.15.8.46 1.11.3.3.68.46 1.12.46.28 0 .54-.07.77-.21.24-.14.43-.33.58-.57a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-.25-1.89c-.32-.3-.68-.45-1.1-.45ZM136 15.4c.4-.28.87-.42 1.4-.42.62 0 1.12.18 1.5.53.37.35.61.8.71 1.32h2.48a4.07 4.07 0 0 0-.7-2.07 4.07 4.07 0 0 0-1.65-1.37 5.52 5.52 0 0 0-2.38-.5 4.83 4.83 0 0 0-4.61 2.71 6.47 6.47 0 0 0-.64 2.96c0 1.11.2 2.08.63 2.93a4.77 4.77 0 0 0 1.81 2 5.3 5.3 0 0 0 2.83.72 5.4 5.4 0 0 0 2.4-.5 4.04 4.04 0 0 0 2.3-3.46h-2.47c-.08.4-.22.73-.42 1-.2.28-.46.5-.76.64s-.65.21-1.03.21c-.54 0-1-.14-1.4-.43-.4-.28-.71-.7-.94-1.23a5.03 5.03 0 0 1-.32-1.92c0-.75.1-1.37.33-1.9.22-.53.53-.93.93-1.22Zm14.8-1.8a5.34 5.34 0 0 0-2.79-.7c-1.07 0-2 .23-2.8.7a4.77 4.77 0 0 0-1.82 1.99 6.49 6.49 0 0 0-.65 2.97c0 1.13.22 2.12.65 2.97.43.84 1.04 1.5 1.83 1.97s1.72.7 2.79.7 2-.23 2.8-.7a4.78 4.78 0 0 0 1.82-1.97 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 .65-2.97 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-.65-2.97 4.77 4.77 0 0 0-1.83-1.99Zm-.44 6.76c-.19.54-.48.97-.88 1.3-.39.32-.87.48-1.46.48a2.3 2.3 0 0 1-1.48-.48c-.4-.33-.69-.76-.88-1.3-.2-.54-.3-1.14-.3-1.8 0-.68.1-1.29.3-1.83.2-.54.49-.98.88-1.3.4-.33.89-.49 1.48-.49.6 0 1.07.16 1.46.49.4.32.69.76.88 1.3.2.54.3 1.15.3 1.82 0 .67-.1 1.27-.3 1.81Zm18.68-6.5a3.36 3.36 0 0 0-2.47-.96c-.8 0-1.49.18-2.07.54-.58.37-1 .85-1.23 1.46h-.12a2.85 2.85 0 0 0-1.08-1.47 3.2 3.2 0 0 0-1.89-.54 3.3 3.3 0 0 0-1.9.54c-.53.35-.9.84-1.14 1.47h-.12v-1.87h-2.48V24h2.6v-6.66c0-.46.08-.85.26-1.2.18-.33.43-.6.73-.78.31-.2.65-.28 1.02-.28.55 0 1 .17 1.34.5.34.34.5.8.5 1.36V24h2.55v-6.83c0-.62.17-1.12.52-1.51.35-.39.84-.58 1.47-.58a2 2 0 0 1 1.33.47c.36.32.54.82.54 1.5V24h2.6v-7.35c0-1.23-.32-2.16-.96-2.8v.01ZM11.47 5.33c6.32 0 11.46 5.12 11.46 11.42a11.46 11.46 0 0 1-22.93 0c0-6.3 5.14-11.42 11.47-11.42Zm.18 12.32-3.1 8.95a10.38 10.38 0 0 0 6.34-.16.9.9 0 0 1-.07-.15l-3.17-8.64Zm-9.6-5.08A10.26 10.26 0 0 0 6.97 26Zm18.46-.75c.05.33.07.68.07 1.06 0 1.04-.2 2.21-.78 3.68l-3.15 9.06a10.26 10.26 0 0 0 3.86-13.8ZM11.47 6.5c-3.6 0-6.77 1.84-8.62 4.63A23.92 23.92 0 0 0 6.26 11c.56-.03.62.78.07.85 0 0-.56.06-1.18.1L8.9 23.06l2.26-6.74-1.6-4.39c-.56-.03-1.09-.1-1.09-.1-.55-.03-.49-.87.07-.84 0 0 1.7.13 2.71.13C12.33 11.13 14 11 14 11c.55-.03.62.78.07.85 0 0-.56.06-1.18.1l3.72 11.04 1.03-3.43a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 .79-3.32 5.4 5.4 0 0 0-.85-2.83c-.53-.85-1.02-1.56-1.02-2.4 0-.95.72-1.83 1.74-1.83h.13a10.28 10.28 0 0 0-6.96-2.69Z" /></svg></div><div class="lp-grid lp-grid--type-footer lp-grid--gutter-y-4"><div class="lp-grid__column-span-4 lp-grid__column-span-1@L"><details class="lp-footer-stack"><summary><div class="lp-footer-stack__summary lp-color-primary"><div class="lp-footer-stack__summary__content lp-bold">Products</div><svg class="lp-footer-stack__summary__marker lp-display-none@L" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m14 5.98-6 6-6-6 1.06-1.06L8 9.86l4.94-4.93z" /></svg></div></summary><ul class="lp-footer-stack__content"><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--hosting"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/hosting/">WordPress Hosting</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--agencies"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/for-agencies/">WordPress for Agencies</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--domains"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/domains/">Domain Names</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--website-builder"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/website-builder/">Website Builder</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--create-blog"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/create-blog/">Create a Blog</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--email"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/professional-email/">Professional Email</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--p2"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/p2/">P2: WordPress for Teams</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--website-design-service"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/website-design-service/">Website Design Services</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--vip"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wpvip.com/wordpress-vip-agile-content-platform?utm_source=WordPresscom&utm_medium=automattic_referral&utm_campaign=footer">Enterprise <span class="lp-link-chevron-external">WordPress</span></a></li></ul></details></div><div class="lp-grid__column-span-4 lp-grid__column-span-1@L"><details class="lp-footer-stack"><summary><div class="lp-footer-stack__summary lp-color-primary"><div class="lp-footer-stack__summary__content lp-bold">Features</div><svg class="lp-footer-stack__summary__marker lp-display-none@L" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m14 5.98-6 6-6-6 1.06-1.06L8 9.86l4.94-4.93z" /></svg></div></summary><ul class="lp-footer-stack__content"><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--features"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/features/">Overview</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--themes"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/themes">WordPress Themes</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--plugins"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/plugins">WordPress Plugins</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--patterns"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/patterns">WordPress Patterns</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--google"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/google/">Google Apps</a></li></ul></details></div><div class="lp-grid__column-span-4 lp-grid__column-span-1@L"><details class="lp-footer-stack"><summary><div class="lp-footer-stack__summary lp-color-primary"><div class="lp-footer-stack__summary__content lp-bold">Resources</div><svg class="lp-footer-stack__summary__marker lp-display-none@L" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m14 5.98-6 6-6-6 1.06-1.06L8 9.86l4.94-4.93z" /></svg></div></summary><ul class="lp-footer-stack__content"><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--support"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/support/">WordPress.com Support</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--forums"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/forums/">WordPress Forums</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--blog"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/">WordPress News</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--experts"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/go/">Website Building Tips</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--business-name-generator"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/business-name-generator/">Business Name Generator</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--logo-maker"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/logo-maker/">Logo Maker</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--discover"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/discover">Discover New Posts</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--tags"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/tags">Popular Tags</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--search"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/read/search">Blog Search</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--webinars"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/webinars/">Daily Webinars</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--learn"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/learn/">Learn WordPress</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--dev-resources"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://developer.wordpress.com/">Developer <span class="lp-link-chevron-external">Resources</span></a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--remove_subscriptions"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/me/purchases" data-is-fcca="1">Remove Subscriptions</a></li></ul></details></div><div class="lp-grid__column-span-4 lp-grid__column-span-1@L"><details class="lp-footer-stack"><summary><div class="lp-footer-stack__summary lp-color-primary"><div class="lp-footer-stack__summary__content lp-bold">Company</div><svg class="lp-footer-stack__summary__marker lp-display-none@L" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m14 5.98-6 6-6-6 1.06-1.06L8 9.86l4.94-4.93z" /></svg></div></summary><ul class="lp-footer-stack__content"><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--about"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/about/">About</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--partners"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/partners/">Partners</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--press"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://automattic.com/press/"> <span class="lp-link-chevron-external">Press</span></a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--tos"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://wordpress.com/tos/">Terms of Service</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--privacy"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://automattic.com/privacy/">Privacy <span class="lp-link-chevron-external">Policy</span></a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--ccpa-dnsd"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="#" data-is-ccpa-dnsd="1" data-is-ccpa-dnsd-trigger="1">Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information</a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--ccpa-privacy"><a class="lp-footer-stack__content__item lp-link-invisible" href="https://automattic.com/privacy/#california-consumer-privacy-act-ccpa" data-is-ccpa-dnsd="1">Privacy Notice for California Users</a></li></ul></details></div></div><div class="lp-grid lp-grid--type-footer lp-padding-top-7"><div class="lp-grid__column-span-4 lp-grid__column-span-1@L lp-grid__order-1@L lp-pb-36 lp-pb-0@L"><div class="lp-language-picker" aria-label="Language Picker"><select class="lp-language-picker__content" title="Change Language"><option lang="en" value="en" selected="">English</option><option lang="es" value="es">Español</option><option lang="fr" value="fr">Français</option><option lang="pt-br" value="pt-br">Português do Brasil</option><option lang="ja" value="ja">日本語</option></select><svg class="lp-language-picker__icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M8 0C3.636 0 0 3.545 0 8c0 4.364 3.545 8 8 8 4.364 0 8-3.545 8-8s-3.636-8-8-8Zm5.91 5h-2.365c-.454-1.364-1-2.545-1.727-3.455A6.74 6.74 0 0 1 13.91 5Zm.635 2.91c0 .545-.09 1.09-.181 1.635h-2.637c.091-.545.091-1.09.091-1.636 0-.545-.09-1.09-.09-1.636h2.636c.181.545.181 1.09.181 1.636ZM8 14c-.91-.636-1.636-1.727-2.09-3.182h4.18C9.637 12.273 8.91 13.455 8 14ZM5.636 9.545c-.09-.545-.09-1-.09-1.636 0-.545.09-1.09.09-1.636h4.728c.09.545.09 1 .09 1.636 0 .636-.09 1.091-.09 1.636H5.636ZM1.455 7.91c0-.545.09-1.09.181-1.636h2.637c-.091.545-.091 1.09-.091 1.636 0 .546.09 1.091.09 1.636H1.637C1.455 9 1.455 8.455 1.455 7.91ZM8 1.82c.91.636 1.636 1.726 2.09 3.181H5.91C6.363 3.545 7.09 2.364 8 1.818Zm-1.818-.274C5.455 2.455 4.909 3.636 4.545 5H2.091a6.74 6.74 0 0 1 4.09-3.455ZM2.09 10.91h2.364c.363 1.364.909 2.546 1.636 3.364-1.636-.546-3.182-1.818-4-3.364Zm7.727 3.364c.727-.91 1.273-2 1.637-3.364h2.363c-.727 1.546-2.182 2.818-4 3.364Z" /></svg><svg class="lp-language-picker__chevron" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m14 5.98-6 6-6-6 1.06-1.06L8 9.86l4.94-4.93z" /></svg><a class="lp-language-picker__link lp-hidden" lang="en" href="https://wordpress.com/blog/" data-href="https://wordpress.com/blog/" tabindex="-1">English</a><a class="lp-language-picker__link lp-hidden" lang="es" href="https://wordpress.com/es/blog/" data-href="https://wordpress.com/es/blog/" tabindex="-1">Español</a><a class="lp-language-picker__link lp-hidden" lang="fr" href="https://wordpress.com/fr/blog/" data-href="https://wordpress.com/fr/blog/" tabindex="-1">Français</a><a class="lp-language-picker__link lp-hidden" lang="pt-br" href="https://wordpress.com/pt-br/blog/" data-href="https://wordpress.com/pt-br/blog/" tabindex="-1">Português do Brasil</a><a class="lp-language-picker__link lp-hidden" lang="ja" href="https://wordpress.com/ja/blog/" data-href="https://wordpress.com/ja/blog/" tabindex="-1">日本語</a></div></div><div class="lp-grid__column-span-4 lp-grid__column-span-3@L"><div class="lp-flex@L lp-flex--align-center@L has-text-align-center"><h3 class="lp-hidden">Mobile Apps</h3><ul class="lp-flex lp-flex--justify-center lp-flex--wrap lp-flex--gap-1 has-normal-font-size"><li><div class="lp-block lp-mobile-badge lp-mobile-badge--type-apple-app-store"><a class="lp-mobile-badge__link" href="https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1565481562?ct=wp.com--footer&mt=8&pt=299112"><span class="lp-mobile-badge__content"><svg class="lp-mobile-badge__content__icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 18 23" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m12.88 5.97.28.02c1.6.05 3.08.85 4 2.16a4.95 4.95 0 0 0-2.36 4.15 4.78 4.78 0 0 0 2.92 4.4 10.96 10.96 0 0 1-1.52 3.1c-.9 1.33-1.83 2.64-3.32 2.66-1.45.04-1.94-.85-3.6-.85-1.67 0-2.19.83-3.57.89-1.42.05-2.5-1.43-3.43-2.76-1.85-2.7-3.3-7.63-1.36-10.97a5.32 5.32 0 0 1 4.47-2.73C6.81 6 8.13 7 9 7c.86 0 2.48-1.18 4.16-1zm.3-5.25a4.87 4.87 0 0 1-1.11 3.49 4.1 4.1 0 0 1-3.24 1.53 4.64 4.64 0 0 1 1.14-3.36A4.96 4.96 0 0 1 13.18.72z" /></svg><span class="lp-mobile-badge__content__label"><span class="lp-mobile-badge__line lp-mobile-badge__line--is-top">Download on the</span> <span class="lp-mobile-badge__line lp-mobile-badge__line--is-bottom">App Store</span></span></span></a></div></li><li><div class="lp-block lp-mobile-badge lp-mobile-badge--type-google-play"><a class="lp-mobile-badge__link" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jetpack.android&referrer=utm_source%3Dwordpress.com%26utm_campaign%3Dfooter%26utm_medium%3Dwebsite"><span class="lp-mobile-badge__content"><svg class="lp-mobile-badge__content__icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 34 38" aria-hidden="true"><defs><path id="lp-mobile-badge-path-1" d="M31.28 24.77 6.05 39.07A4.05 4.05 0 0 1 0 35.55V6.95a4.05 4.05 0 0 1 6.05-3.52l25.23 14.3a4.05 4.05 0 0 1 0 7.04Z" /></defs><g transform="translate(0 -2.25)"><mask id="lp-mobile-badge-path-2" fill="#fff"><use xlink:href="#lp-mobile-badge-path-1" /></mask><use fill="#34a853" xlink:href="#lp-mobile-badge-path-1" /><path fill="#ea4335" mask="url(#lp-mobile-badge-path-2)" d="M-4 21.25h40v20H-4z" /><path fill="#fbbc04" mask="url(#lp-mobile-badge-path-2)" d="M35 2v38.5L15.62 21.25z" /><path fill="#4285f4" mask="url(#lp-mobile-badge-path-2)" d="m-4 1.75 19.62 19.5L-4 40.75z" /></g></svg><span class="lp-mobile-badge__content__label"><span class="lp-mobile-badge__line lp-mobile-badge__line--is-top">Get it on</span> <span class="lp-mobile-badge__line lp-mobile-badge__line--is-bottom">Google Play</span></span></span></a></div></li></ul><h3 class="lp-hidden">Social Media</h3><ul class="lp-footer-social-media lp-flex lp-flex--justify-center lp-pt-18 lp-pt-0@L lp-pl-24@L"><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--facebook lp-pl-8@L"><a class="lp-display-block lp-pt-12 lp-pr-8 lp-pb-12 lp-pl-8 lp-color" href="https://www.facebook.com/WordPresscom/" title="WordPress.com on Facebook"><span class="lp-hidden">WordPress.com on Facebook</span><svg class="lp-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M12 0a12 12 0 1 1 0 24 12 12 0 0 1 0-24Zm0 1.2C6.03 1.2 1.2 6.06 1.2 12.06c0 5.43 3.95 9.92 9.11 10.74v-7.6H7.57v-3.14h2.74V9.67c0-2.72 1.61-4.23 4.08-4.23 1.18 0 2.42.22 2.42.22v2.67h-1.36c-1.35 0-1.76.84-1.76 1.7v2.03h3l-.49 3.15h-2.5v7.59a10.85 10.85 0 0 0 9.1-10.74c0-6-4.83-10.86-10.8-10.86Z" /></svg></a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--twitter"><a class="lp-display-block lp-pt-12 lp-pr-8 lp-pb-12 lp-pl-8 lp-color" href="https://twitter.com/wordpressdotcom" title="WordPress.com on X (Twitter)"><span class="lp-hidden">WordPress.com on X (Twitter)</span><svg class="lp-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M12 0a12 12 0 1 1 0 24 12 12 0 0 1 0-24Zm0 1.2a10.8 10.8 0 1 0 0 21.6 10.8 10.8 0 0 0 0-21.6ZM10.03 6l2.9 4.23L16.58 6h1l-4.2 4.87 4.56 6.63h-3.35l-3.07-4.47-3.84 4.47h-.99l4.4-5.1L6.67 6h3.35Zm-.47.75H8.03l3.54 5.06.45.64 3.03 4.34h1.52l-3.71-5.32-.45-.63-2.85-4.1Z" /></svg></a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--instagram"><a class="lp-display-block lp-pt-12 lp-pr-8 lp-pb-12 lp-pl-8 lp-color" href="https://www.instagram.com/wordpressdotcom/" title="WordPress.com on Instagram"><span class="lp-hidden">WordPress.com on Instagram</span><svg class="lp-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M12 0a12 12 0 1 1 0 24 12 12 0 0 1 0-24Zm0 1.2a10.8 10.8 0 1 0 0 21.6 10.8 10.8 0 0 0 0-21.6Zm.5 3.6c1.5 0 1.77.01 2.47.04a5.3 5.3 0 0 1 1.75.34c.47.18.87.43 1.27.83.4.4.65.8.83 1.27.18.46.3.99.34 1.75l.02.47v.18c.01.36.02.78.02 1.61v1.42c0 1.32-.01 1.6-.04 2.26a5.34 5.34 0 0 1-.34 1.75c-.18.47-.43.87-.83 1.27-.4.4-.8.65-1.27.83-.46.18-.98.3-1.75.34l-.47.02h-.18c-.36.01-.77.02-1.6.02h-1.43c-.83 0-1.25 0-1.61-.02H9.5l-.47-.02a5.29 5.29 0 0 1-1.75-.34A3.53 3.53 0 0 1 6.01 18c-.4-.4-.65-.8-.83-1.27-.18-.46-.3-.98-.34-1.75l-.02-.47v-.18a51 51 0 0 1-.02-1.4v-1.85c0-.77.01-1.15.02-1.5V9.4l.02-.38c.04-.76.16-1.29.34-1.75.18-.47.43-.87.83-1.27.4-.4.8-.65 1.28-.83a5.28 5.28 0 0 1 2.12-.35h.18c.41-.02.86-.03 1.92-.03Zm-1.14 1.3c-1.35 0-1.6 0-2.27.04-.7.03-1.08.15-1.33.25a2.38 2.38 0 0 0-1.37 1.36c-.1.26-.22.64-.25 1.34-.03.62-.04.88-.04 2.01v1.8c0 1.13.01 1.4.04 2.02.03.7.15 1.08.25 1.33a2.34 2.34 0 0 0 1.37 1.37 4 4 0 0 0 1.33.25c.62.03.89.04 2.02.04h1.79c1.12 0 1.39-.01 2.01-.04.7-.03 1.08-.15 1.34-.25a2.38 2.38 0 0 0 1.36-1.37c.1-.25.22-.63.25-1.33l.02-.38v-.17c.02-.35.02-.71.02-1.47v-1.78c0-1.13-.01-1.4-.04-2.02a3.98 3.98 0 0 0-.25-1.34 2.23 2.23 0 0 0-.53-.82c-.26-.26-.5-.41-.83-.54-.26-.1-.64-.22-1.34-.25-.65-.03-.91-.04-2.21-.04h-1.34ZM12 8.3a3.7 3.7 0 1 1 0 7.4 3.7 3.7 0 0 1 0-7.4Zm0 1.3a2.4 2.4 0 1 0 0 4.8 2.4 2.4 0 0 0 0-4.8Zm3.84-2.3a.86.86 0 1 1 0 1.72.86.86 0 0 1 0-1.73Z" /></svg></a></li><li class="lp-block x-nav-footer--youtube"><a class="lp-display-block lp-pt-12 lp-pr-8 lp-pb-12 lp-pl-8 lp-color" href="https://www.youtube.com/WordPressdotcom" title="WordPress.com on YouTube"><span class="lp-hidden">WordPress.com on YouTube</span><svg class="lp-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M12 0a12 12 0 1 1 0 24 12 12 0 0 1 0-24Zm0 1.2a10.8 10.8 0 1 0 0 21.6 10.8 10.8 0 0 0 0-21.6Zm5.61 5.73c.62.18 1.11.7 1.28 1.36.27 1.07.3 3.15.31 3.62v.19c0 .46-.03 2.55-.3 3.61a1.88 1.88 0 0 1-1.28 1.37c-1.02.3-4.83.32-5.51.32h-.21c-.69 0-4.5-.03-5.52-.32-.62-.18-1.1-.7-1.27-1.37-.27-1.07-.3-3.15-.3-3.61v-.19c0-.47.03-2.55.29-3.6.16-.67.65-1.2 1.27-1.37 1.05-.3 5.09-.34 5.57-.34h.16c.68 0 4.5.03 5.51.33Zm-7.05 2.76v4.63L14.29 12l-3.73-2.3Z" /></svg></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="lp-wrapper lp-wrapper--layout-full lp-padding-top-5"><footer class="lp-section is-style-white-gray-mono lp-padding-top-4 lp-padding-bottom-4"><div class="lp-section__content has-tiny-font-size has-text-align-center"><h2 class="lp-hidden">Automattic</h2><div class="lp-wrapper lp-wrapper--layout-wide"><div class="lp-grid lp-grid--type-footer lp-grid--align-baseline lp-grid--gutter-y-3"><div class="lp-grid__column-span-4 lp-grid__column-span-2@M lp-text-left@M color-blue-50"><a class="lp-flex lp-flex--inline lp-link-invisible lp-no-wrap" href="https://automattic.com" data-dictionary="WyJBbiBBdXRvbWF0dGljIGJyYWluY2hpbGQiLCJBbiBBdXRvbWF0dGljIGNvbnRyYXB0aW9uIiwiQW4gQXV0b21hdHRpYyBjcmVhdGlvbiIsIkFuIEF1dG9tYXR0aWMgZXhwZXJpbWVudCIsIkFuIEF1dG9tYXR0aWMgaW52ZW50aW9uIiwiQW4gQXV0b21hdHRpYyBqb2ludCIsIkFuIEF1dG9tYXR0aWMgbWVkbGV5IiwiQW4gQXV0b21hdHRpYyBvcHVzIiwiQW4gQXV0b21hdHRpYyBwcm9kdWN0aW9uIiwiQW4gQXV0b21hdHRpYyBydWNrdXMiLCJBbiBBdXRvbWF0dGljIHRoaW5nYW1hamlnIl0="><span class="lp-hidden">Automattic</span><svg class="lp-icon lp-icon--custom-automattic-footer lp-color-primary" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 143 12" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M53.01 4.19a.749.749 0 0 0-1.033.226L50.225 7.13a.748.748 0 0 0 .219 1.035.748.748 0 0 0 1.033-.226l1.752-2.713a.748.748 0 0 0-.219-1.035Zm88.303-.303c-.922-.845-2.274-1.644-4.102-1.644-2.735 0-4.272 1.874-4.272 3.826v.2c0 1.935 1.552 3.748 4.41 3.748 1.705 0 3.118-.814 4.01-1.644l1.152 1.214c-1.122 1.106-3.027 2.043-5.285 2.043-3.872 0-6.222-2.52-6.222-5.285v-.338c0-2.765 2.565-5.377 6.314-5.377 2.166 0 4.133.906 5.193 2.043l-1.198 1.214Zm-16.931 7.343V1.967c.768 0 1.076-.415 1.076-.968h.814V11.23h-1.89Zm-9.202-8.633v8.633h-1.92V2.597h-4.471V.999h10.862v1.598h-4.471Zm-14.088 0v8.633h-1.92V2.597H94.7V.999h10.862v1.598h-4.471Zm-14.21.399-2.228 4.302h4.532L86.88 2.996Zm4.408 8.234-1.352-2.534h-6.007l-1.306 2.534h-2.028L86.128 1h1.598l5.623 10.231H91.29Zm-16.438 0V3.134l-.507.891-4.287 7.205h-.937l-4.24-7.205-.507-.89v8.095H62.5V1h2.657l4.04 7.02.477.86.477-.86L74.145 1h2.627V11.23h-1.92ZM37.765 2.597v8.633h-1.92V2.597h-4.471V.999h10.862v1.598h-4.471ZM21.587 11.63c-3.671 0-5.377-1.997-5.377-4.655V.999h1.905v6.007c0 1.89 1.245 3.01 3.61 3.01 2.428 0 3.427-1.12 3.427-3.01V.999h1.92v5.976c0 2.535-1.628 4.655-5.485 4.655ZM6.394 2.996 4.166 7.298h4.532L6.394 2.996Zm4.409 8.234L9.45 8.696H3.444L2.138 11.23H.11L5.64 1H7.24L12.86 11.23h-2.058ZM55.8 5.992c0-1.982-1.444-3.75-4.056-3.75-2.611 0-4.04 1.768-4.04 3.75v.245c0 1.982 1.429 3.78 4.04 3.78 2.612 0 4.056-1.798 4.056-3.78v-.245Zm-4.056 5.638c-3.626 0-5.976-2.612-5.976-5.331V5.96c0-2.766 2.35-5.331 5.976-5.331 3.642 0 5.992 2.565 5.992 5.331V6.3c0 2.72-2.35 5.331-5.992 5.331Z" /></svg></a></div><div class="lp-grid__column-span-4 lp-grid__column-span-2@M lp-text-right@M lp-color-primary"><a class="lp-link-invisible lp-link-chevron-external" href="https://automattic.com/work-with-us/" title="Remote Jobs">Work With Us</a></div></div></div></div></footer></div></div></section> <script id="landpack-nav-script-js-after"> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => { const API_GEO_ENDPOINT = 'https://public-api.wordpress.com/geo/'; const FCCA_LINK_SELECTOR = '.lp-footer-stack [data-is-fcca]'; function fetchGeoData() { return fetch(API_GEO_ENDPOINT).then(res => res.json()); } function removeLink(selector, condition) { document.querySelectorAll(selector).forEach(element => { const parent = element.parentNode; const parentTagName = parent.tagName.toLowerCase(); if (condition) { (parentTagName === 'li' ? parent : element).remove(); } }); } /** * Checks if the given data pertains to the specified region or country * @param {string} key - The key to check in the data * @param {string} name - The region or country name to check for * @param {object} data - The geolocation data * @returns {boolean} - True if the data pertains to the specified region or country */ function pertainsTo(key, name, data) { if (data && data[key] && name) { return data[key].toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase(); } return false; } fetchGeoData().then(data => { const isFCCA = pertainsTo('country_long', 'germany', data); removeLink(FCCA_LINK_SELECTOR, !isFCCA); }); }); </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { 'use strict'; var setupAnalytics = function() { window.a8cAnalyticsConfig = {"cookieBanner":{"version":"2","cssZIndex":50001,"skipBanner":false,"cookieDomain":"wordpress.com","v1CookieName":"sensitive_pixel_option","v2CookieName":"sensitive_pixel_options","v1Text":"Our websites and dashboards use cookies. By continuing, you agree to their use. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/automattic.com\/cookies\/\">Learn more<\/a>, including how to control cookies.","v2Text":"As an open source company, we take your privacy seriously and want to be as transparent as possible. So: We use cookies to collect some personal data from you (like your browsing data, IP addresses, and other unique identifiers). Some of these cookies we absolutely need in order to make things work, and others you can choose in order to optimize your experience while using our site and services.","v2OptionsText":"Your privacy is critically important to us. We and our partners use, store, and process your personal data to optimize: our <strong>website<\/strong> such as by improving security or conducting analytics, <strong>marketing activities<\/strong> to help deliver relevant marketing or content, and your <strong>user experience<\/strong> such as by remembering your account name, language settings, or cart information, where applicable. You can customize your cookie settings below. Learn more in our <a href=\"https:\/\/automattic.com\/privacy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Privacy Policy<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/automattic.com\/cookies\/\" target=\"_blank\">Cookie Policy<\/a>.","v2EssentialOptionHeading":"Required","v2EssentialOptionText":"These cookies are essential for our websites and services to perform basic functions and are necessary for us to operate certain features, like allowing registered users to authenticate and perform account-related functions, storing preferences set by users (like account name, language, and location), and ensuring our services operate properly.","v2AnalyticsOptionHeading":"Analytics","v2AnalyticsOptionText":"These cookies allow us to optimize performance by collecting information on how users interact with our websites.","v2AdvertisingOptionHeading":"Advertising","v2AdvertisingOptionText":"We and our advertising partners set these cookies to provide you with relevant content and to understand that content\u2019s effectiveness.","v1ButtonText":"Got It!","v2CustomizeButtonText":"Customize","v2AcceptAllButtonText":"Accept all","v2AcceptSelectionButtonText":"Accept selection","hiddenConsents":[],"isLoggedIn":false},"doNotSellDialog":{"contactEmailAddress":"privacypolicyupdates@automattic.com"},"adminAnalytics":"analytics-wpcom-admin.php","fireAnalyticsOptions":[]}; }; if ( window.defQueue && defQueue.isLOHP && defQueue.isLOHP === 2020 ) { defQueue.items.push( setupAnalytics ); } else { setupAnalytics(); } } )(); </script> <div style="display: none;" id="a8c-analytics"> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { 'use strict'; /** * Establish the farthest away parent from an element matching * a given list of selectors. Selectors can be css classes, IDs, * element types, etc. (e.g. '.my-class', '#my-id', 'div', etc.) */ const getLastMatchingAncestor = ( event, selectors ) => { let { target: element } = event; let foundElement = null; while ( element && !foundElement ) { for ( const selector of selectors ) { if ( element.matches( selector ) ) { foundElement = element; break; } } element = element.parentElement; } return foundElement; } /** * Establish the closest parent from an element matching * a given list of selectors. Selectors can be css classes, IDs, * element types, etc. (e.g. '.my-class', '#my-id', 'div', etc.) */ const getClosestMatchingAncestor = ( event, selectors ) => { let { target: element } = event; let foundElement; for ( const selector of selectors ) { foundElement = element.closest( selector ); if ( foundElement ) { break; } } return foundElement; } /** * Main function to setup analytics. */ const setupAnalytics = () => { /** * Returns the current page path. */ function getCurrentPagePath( pathname = '' ) { return ( pathname || window.location.pathname ).replace( /^\/|\/$/g, '' ); } /** * Returns the current page name. */ function getCurrentPageName( pathname = '' ) { return getCurrentPagePath( pathname ).replace( getLocaleInPagePathRegExp(), '' ); } /** * Returns the current page locale. */ function getCurrentPageLocale() { const currentPagePath = getLocaleInPagePathRegExp().exec( getCurrentPagePath() ); return getCurrentPagePath !== null && getCurrentPagePath.length === 2 ? getCurrentPagePath[1] : ''; } /** * Helper function to extract locale from page path. */ function getLocaleInPagePathRegExp() { return /^(af|als|am|an|ar|arc|as|ast|av|ay|az|ba|bel|bg|bm|bn|bo|br|bs|ca|ce|ckb|cs|csb|cv|cy|da|de|dv|dz|el|el\-po|en|en\-gb|eo|es|es\-mx|et|eu|fa|fi|fo|fr|fr\-be|fr\-ca|fr\-ch|fur|fy|ga|gd|gl|gn|gu|he|hi|hr|hu|hy|ia|id|ii|ilo|is|it|ja|ka|kal|kir|km|kn|ko|kk|ks|kv|la|li|lo|lv|lt|mk|ml|mwl|mn|mr|ms|mya|nah|nap|ne|nds|nl|nn|nb|non|nv|oci|or|os|pa|pl|ps|pt|pt\-br|qu|ro|ru|rup|sc|si|sk|skr|sl|snd|so|sq|sr|su|sv|ta|te|th|tl|tir|tr|tt|ty|udm|ug|uk|ur|uz|vec|vi|wa|xal|yi|yo|za|zh\-cn|zh\-hk|zh\-tw)(?:\/|$)/; } /** * Returns the config for WPcom analytics. Sets various event props * used in tracking, e.g. locale, page path, etc. Mainly used for Tracks * event props. */ function getWPCOMAnalyticsDefaultConfig() { const currentGenericPageName = null; const cannonicalPath = null; return { // Current page props. currentPagePath: getCurrentPagePath(), currentPageName: getCurrentPageName(), currentGenericPageName: currentGenericPageName ?? getCurrentPageName( cannonicalPath ), currentPageLocale: getCurrentPageLocale(), // Page variation props. pageVariation: '', pagePersonalVariation: '', // Current user props. currentUserIdHash: "", currentUserIdHashShort: "", currentUserEmailHash: "", // Other misc. props. isHomepage: false, affiliateJSVersion: "1716355472", } } // When a8c-analytics:loaded is fired, start main event handling. document.addEventListener( 'a8c-analytics:loaded', () => { const cb = window.a8cAnalytics.cb; const kit = window.a8cAnalytics.kit; const config = getWPCOMAnalyticsDefaultConfig(); const configOptions = window.a8cAnalyticsConfig.fireAnalyticsOptions; // Extend config with any custom props. Object.assign( window.a8cAnalyticsConfig, config ); // Backcompat. for `lpName` and `lpVariation` config properties. config.currentPageName = ! configOptions.currentPageName && 'logged-out-homepage' === configOptions.lpName ? configOptions.lpName : config.currentPageName; config.currentPageName = ! configOptions.currentPageName && 'logged-out-app-promo' === configOptions.lpName ? configOptions.lpName : config.currentPageName; // Backcompat. for `lpPersonalVariation` config property. config.pageVariation = ! configOptions.pageVariation && configOptions.lpVariation ? configOptions.lpVariation : config.pageVariation; config.pagePersonalVariation = ! configOptions.pagePersonalVariation && configOptions.lpPersonalVariation ? configOptions.lpPersonalVariation : config.pagePersonalVariation; /** * Applies linkers, e.g. for "forwarding" certain URL parameters between WordPress.com * and other properties (e.g. Jetpack.com). Used for affiliate tracking, coupons, etc. */ const applyLinkers = () => { kit.linkQueryVars( [ { includeRegExps: [ /^(?:[^\/]+\.)?(?:wordpress|jetpack|woocommerce|crowdsignal|wpjobmanager)\.com(?:\/|$)/i, ], linkQueryVars: [ 'aff', 'affiliate', 'cid', // Aff campaign ID. 'sid', // Aff sub ID. 'irclickid' // Impact Affiliate Click ID ], }, { includeRegExps: [ /^(?:[^\/]+\.)?(?:wordpress|jetpack)\.com(?:\/|$)/i, ], linkQueryVars: [ 'coupon', ], }, ] ); } /** * Handles currencies. Gets the currency value from cookies, and sets the currency * if the cookie is not present. Can also be overridden by setting the `currency` URL * paramter. */ const fireCurrencyHandlers = () => { let currency = kit.getQueryVar( 'currency' ) || ''; if ( ! currency && 'amex-business-in' === config.currentPageName ) { currency = 'USD'; // Special case for this LP. } if ( currency ) { kit.docCookies.setItem( 'landingpage_currency', currency, 31536000, '/', '.rootDomain' ); } }; /** * Fires the `wpcom_page_view` Tracks event. */ const fireTracks = () => { const props = Object.assign( {}, kit.getQueryVars( '', kit.QUERY_PARAMS ), { // Page props. path: config.currentPagePath, name: config.currentPageName, locale: config.currentPageLocale, variation: config.pageVariation, personal_variation: config.pagePersonalVariation, // Back compat. LP props. lp_name: config.currentGenericPageName, lp_variation: config.pageVariation, lp_personal_variation: config.pagePersonalVariation, } ); window._tkq.push( [ 'recordEvent', 'wpcom_page_view', props ] ); }; function fireRedditAdvertisingPixel() { !function(w,d){if(!w.rdt){var p=w.rdt=function(){p.sendEvent?p.sendEvent.apply(p,arguments):p.callQueue.push(arguments)};p.callQueue=[];var t=d.createElement("script");t.src="https://www.redditstatic.com/ads/pixel.js",t.async=!0;var s=d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}}(window,document); rdt('init','a2_ehx23cq176s3'); rdt('track', 'PageVisit'); } /** * Handles the referral tracking. */ const fireAffiliateReferrals = () => { kit.attachScriptElement( 'https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/themes/h4/landing/marketing/js/affiliate-referrals.js?v=' + config.affiliateJSVersion ); }; /** * Loads the Google Ads gtag. */ const loadGoogleAdsGtag = () => { kit.loadGtag( 'AW-946162814' ); } /** * Loads and fires the Google Analytics 4. */ const fireGoogleAnalyticsFour = () => { const gtagOptions = { 'anonymize_ip': true, 'use_amp_client_id': true }; kit.loadGtag( 'G-1H4VG5F5JF', gtagOptions ); } const fireParsely = ( trackingId ) => { kit.loadParselyTracker( trackingId ); } const fireHotJar = () => { if ( ! kit.pertainsToSTS() ) { kit.fireHotjar( 227769 ); } } /** * Loads and fires the Facebook Pixel. */ const fireFacebook = () => { kit.loadFacebook(); fbq( 'init', '823166884443641' ); fbq( 'track', 'PageView' ); } /** * Loads and fires Microsoft Clarity */ const fireMicrosoftClarity = () => { if ( window.clarity ) { return; } // Needs to be set prior to loading the external script. window.clarity = window.clarity || function () { ( window.clarity.q = window.clarity.q || [] ).push( arguments ); }; const clarityScript = kit.attachScriptElement( 'https://www.clarity.ms/tag/j0cc1i1dba' ); document.body.appendChild( clarityScript ); }; const fireImpactAffiliate = () => { kit.loadImpactAffiliate( config.currentUserIdHash, config.currentUserEmailHash ); } /** * Handles scroll percentage tracking. */ const trackScrollPercentage = () => { const scrollPosition = window.pageYOffset; const pageHeight = document.body.scrollHeight - window.innerHeight; const scrollProgress = ( scrollPosition / pageHeight ) * 100; // Check if the user has scrolled to 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of the page if ( scrollProgress >= 25 && scrollProgress < 50 ) { dispatchScrollCustomEvent( 25 ) } else if ( scrollProgress >= 50 && scrollProgress < 75 ) { dispatchScrollCustomEvent( 50 ) } else if ( scrollProgress >= 75 && scrollProgress < 100 ) { dispatchScrollCustomEvent( 75 ) } else if ( scrollProgress >= 100 ) { dispatchScrollCustomEvent( 100 ) } } /** * Dispatches a custom event with the scroll percentage. */ const dispatchScrollCustomEvent = ( scrollPercentage ) => { const event = new CustomEvent( `PageScrollPercentage${scrollPercentage}`, { detail: scrollPercentage } ); window.dispatchEvent(event); } /** * Handles the scroll tracking callback. E.g. firing Tracks and GA events. */ const scrollTrackingCallback = ( event ) => { const { detail: scrollPercentage } = event; const trackingProps = {}; // Event props. trackingProps.percent = event.detail ?? 0; trackingProps.path = config.currentPagePath || ''; trackingProps.name = config.currentPageName || ''; trackingProps.locale = config.currentPageLocale || ''; trackingProps.variation = config.pageVariation || ''; trackingProps.personal_variation = config.pagePersonalVariation || ''; trackingProps.lp_name = config.currentGenericPageName || ''; trackingProps.lp_variation = config.pageVariation || ''; trackingProps.lp_personal_variation = config.pagePersonalVariation || ''; tracksAnalyticsScrollEvent( trackingProps ); } /** * Dispatches a Tracks event for page scroll. */ const tracksAnalyticsScrollEvent = ( trackingProps ) => { window._tkq.push( [ 'recordEvent', 'wpcom_page_scroll', trackingProps ] ); } // Call the trackScrollProgress function every time the user scrolls window.addEventListener( 'scroll', trackScrollPercentage ); // Listen to events for specific scroll percentages, each event is only acted upon once. window.addEventListener( 'PageScrollPercentage25', scrollTrackingCallback, { once: true } ) window.addEventListener( 'PageScrollPercentage50', scrollTrackingCallback, { once: true } ) window.addEventListener( 'PageScrollPercentage75', scrollTrackingCallback, { once: true } ) window.addEventListener( 'PageScrollPercentage100', scrollTrackingCallback, { once: true } ) /** * Handles click tracking for certain elements in Tracks and GA. */ const setupTracksGAClickTracking = () => { document.querySelector( 'body' ).addEventListener( 'click', ( event ) => { // We only care about clicks on certain elements. if ( event.target.matches( 'a, button, .click-tracking-enable' ) ) { const { target: clickEventTarget } = event; // Initialize eventProps object with some defaults. const eventProps = {}; eventProps.path = config.currentPagePath || ''; eventProps.name = config.currentPageName || ''; eventProps.lp_name = config.currentGenericPageName || ''; eventProps.locale = config.currentPageLocale || ''; eventProps.variation = config.pageVariation || ''; eventProps.personal_variation = config.pagePersonalVariation || ''; // Identify farthest and closest parent element. const selectors = [ '.wpcom-masterbar.wpcom-header', '.lpc', '.lp-block', '.lp-module', 'section', 'post', 'article' ]; const section = getLastMatchingAncestor( event, selectors ); const container = getClosestMatchingAncestor( event, selectors ); // Get class name and ID for container and add to props. eventProps.container_id = container ? container.getAttribute( 'id' ) : ''; eventProps.container_class = container ? container.getAttribute( 'class' ) : ''; eventProps.container = eventProps.container_id || eventProps.container_class; // What type of element have we clicked? eventProps.is_cta = clickEventTarget.matches( 'is-cta' ) ?? false; eventProps.is_in_header_nav = clickEventTarget.classList.contains('x-nav-link') || clickEventTarget.classList.contains('x-dropdown-link') || clickEventTarget.classList.contains('x-menu-link') || section === 'lpc-header-nav' || section === 'wpcom-masterbar.wpcom-header'; const isClickedElementButton = clickEventTarget.classList.contains('lpc-button') || clickEventTarget.classList.contains('button') || clickEventTarget.classList.contains('wp-block-button__link'); const isParentElementButton = clickEventTarget.parentElement && (clickEventTarget.parentElement.classList.contains('lpc-button') || clickEventTarget.parentElement.classList.contains('button') || clickEventTarget.parentElement.classList.contains('wp-block-button__link')); eventProps.is_button = isClickedElementButton || isParentElementButton; // Link data. eventProps.href = clickEventTarget.getAttribute( 'href' ) || ''; eventProps.target = clickEventTarget.getAttribute( 'target' ) || ''; eventProps.text = clickEventTarget.innerText || ''; eventProps.use_beacon = true; // Emit tracking event in Tracks and GA. window._tkq.push( [ 'recordEvent', 'wpcom_link_click', eventProps ] ); // TODO: Implement a click delay on navigation links and CTA buttons to improve data integrity. // if ( props.is_in_header_nav || props.is_cta || props.is_button ) { // if ( props.href && 0 !== props.href.indexOf( '#' ) && -1 !== [ '', '_top', '_self' ].indexOf( props.target ) ) { // event.preventDefault(); // Allow time for trackers to record the click. // setTimeout( function() { // document.location = props.href; // }, 300 ); // } // } } }); } /** * Add cookie and stats tracking for the Landpack language picker. */ const setupLocaleChangeTracking = () => { function createLocaleCookie( locale ) { const cookieDomain = '.wordpress.com'; const cookieName = 'wpcom_locale'; const date = new Date(); date.setTime( date.getTime() + ( 5 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 ) ); const expires = " expires=" + date.toGMTString(); document.cookie = cookieName + '=' + locale + ';' + expires +'; path=/; domain=' + cookieDomain; } function createStatsRequest( locale, href ) { const languageChangeStat = new Image(); languageChangeStat.onload = () => window.location.href = href; languageChangeStat.onerror = languageChangeStat.onload; languageChangeStat.src = 'https://pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv&x_language-switcher=manual-switch-' + locale + '&rm=' + Math.random(); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', ( event ) => { const { target } = event; if ( target.matches( '.lp-language-picker a[lang]' ) ) { event.preventDefault(); const code = target.getAttribute( 'lang' ); const href = target.getAttribute( 'href' ); createLocaleCookie( code ); createStatsRequest( code, href ); } }); } /** * Loads and fires the Bing tracking pixel. */ const fireBing = () => { ( function( w, d, t, r, u ) { var f, n, i; w[ u ] = w[ u ] || [], f = function() { var o = { ti: "4074038" }; o.q = w[ u ], w[ u ] = new UET( o ), w[ u ].push( "pageLoad" ) }, n = d.createElement( t ), n.src = r, n.async = 1, n.onload = n.onreadystatechange = function() { var s = this.readyState; s && s !== "loaded" && s !== "complete" || ( f(), n.onload = n.onreadystatechange = null ) }, i = d.getElementsByTagName( t )[ 0 ], i.parentNode.insertBefore( n, i ) } )( window, document, "script", "//bat.bing.com/bat.js", "uetq" ); } /** * Adds a click event for Facebook pixel tracking on the /webinar sub pages. */ const trackFacebookWebinarClicks = () => { const facebookPixelURL = 'https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=759053181468957&ev=SubscribedButtonClick&noscript=1'; const elementsToTrack = document.getElementsByClassName( 'webinar-facebook-click-track' ); const handleFacebookClickEvent = ( event ) => { const facebookImgPixel = document.createElement( 'img' ); facebookImgPixel.width = 1; facebookImgPixel.height = 1; facebookImgPixel.src = facebookPixelURL; document.body.appendChild( facebookImgPixel ); } Array.from( elementsToTrack ).forEach( ( element ) => element.addEventListener( 'click', handleFacebookClickEvent )); } // Apply the URL parameter linkers. applyLinkers(); // Add "essential" trackers to queue. cb.addTracker( 'essential', false, fireCurrencyHandlers ); // Add "analytics" trackers to queue. cb.addTracker( 'analytics', false, fireTracks ); cb.addTracker( 'analytics', false, fireAffiliateReferrals ); cb.addTracker( 'analytics', false, setupTracksGAClickTracking ); cb.addTracker( 'analytics', false, trackScrollPercentage ); cb.addTracker( 'analytics', false, setupLocaleChangeTracking ); cb.addTracker( 'analytics', true, fireGoogleAnalyticsFour ); cb.addTracker( 'analytics', true, () => fireParsely( 'wordpress.com' ) ); // Add "advertising" trackers to queue. cb.addTracker( 'advertising', true, loadGoogleAdsGtag ); cb.addTracker( 'advertising', true, fireFacebook ); cb.addTracker( 'advertising', true, trackFacebookWebinarClicks ); cb.addTracker( 'advertising', true, fireBing ); cb.addTracker( 'advertising', true, fireRedditAdvertisingPixel); // cb.addTracker( 'advertising', true, fireHotJar ); - Disabling for now. Enable when Hotjar is required to be used. // cb.addTracker( 'advertising', true, fireMicrosoftClarity ); - Disabling for now. cb.addTracker( 'advertising', true, fireImpactAffiliate ); // Maybe fire trackers now, via cookie banner, based on bucketed consent. cb.maybeFireTrackers(); }); }; // CCPA - Do Not Sell My Data. document.addEventListener( 'a8c-analytics:loaded-is-ccpa', ( event ) => { const { detail } = event; const isCCPAEligible = JSON.parse( detail ).isCCPA; if ( ! isCCPAEligible ) { document.querySelectorAll( '[data-is-ccpa-dnsd]' ).forEach( ( element ) => { const parent = element.parentNode; const parentTagName = parent.tagName.toLowerCase(); // If the link in a part of a list, remove the entire parent item. // Otherwise, remove only the link element. ( parentTagName === 'li' ? parent : element ).remove(); } ); return; } document.querySelector( '[data-is-ccpa-dnsd-trigger]' ).onclick = ( event ) => { event.preventDefault(); window.a8cAnalytics.dnsd.show(); }; } ); if ( window.defQueue && defQueue.isLOHP && defQueue.isLOHP === 2020 ) { defQueue.items.push( setupAnalytics ); } else { setupAnalytics(); } } )(); </script> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { 'use strict'; var currentScript = document.currentScript; var setupAnalytics = function() { function getScript() { var script = document.createElement( 'script' ); var prev = currentScript || document.getElementsByTagName( 'script' )[ 0 ]; script.setAttribute( 'src', "https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/a8c-analytics\/a8c-analytics.js?v=1729607242" ); script.setAttribute( 'async', true ); prev.parentNode.insertBefore( script, prev ); } getScript(); }; if ( window.defQueue && defQueue.isLOHP && defQueue.isLOHP === 2020 ) { defQueue.items.push( setupAnalytics ); } else { setupAnalytics(); } } )(); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="//0.gravatar.com/js/hovercards/hovercards.min.js?ver=2024484048849247f5660a2d05b85c6fc286379897f30a1061ad46e7f037e059ed7fe7" id="grofiles-cards-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpgroho-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var WPGroHo = {"my_hash":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/gravatar-hovercards/wpgroho.js?m=1610363240i'></script> <script> // Initialize and attach hovercards to all gravatars ( function() { function init() { if ( typeof Gravatar === 'undefined' ) { return; } if ( typeof Gravatar.init !== 'function' ) { return; } Gravatar.profile_cb = function ( hash, id ) { WPGroHo.syncProfileData( hash, id ); }; Gravatar.my_hash = WPGroHo.my_hash; Gravatar.init( 'body', '#wp-admin-bar-my-account', { i18n: { 'Edit your profile': 'Edit your profile', 'View profile': 'View profile', 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.': 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.', 'Profile not found.': 'Profile not found.', 'Too Many Requests.': 'Too Many Requests.', 'Internal Server Error.': 'Internal Server Error.', }, } ); } if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) { init(); } else { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); } } )(); </script> <div style="display:none"> <div class="grofile-hash-map-943a5f7b9487b3b03c24bf01c83cdfd8"> </div> <div class="grofile-hash-map-f417982add76798466cb603a1c8aba68"> </div> </div> <div id="actionbar" style="display: none;" class="actnbr-a8c-wpblog-2024 actnbr-has-follow"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-reblog" href=""> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-reblog" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M22.086 9.914L20 7.828V18c0 1.105-.895 2-2 2h-7v-2h7V7.828l-2.086 2.086L14.5 8.5 19 4l4.5 4.5-1.414 1.414zM6 16.172V6h7V4H6c-1.105 0-2 .895-2 2v10.172l-2.086-2.086L.5 15.5 5 20l4.5-4.5-1.414-1.414L6 16.172z"/></g></svg><span>Reblog</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner actnbr-follow-bubble"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> WordPress.com News </a> </li> <div class="actnbr-message no-display"></div> <form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" style="display: none;"> <div class="actnbr-follow-count">Join 113,121,625 other subscribers</div> <div> <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email address" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Enter your email address" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" /> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="3584907" /> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/" /> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" /> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="220f08f95e" /> <div class="actnbr-button-wrap"> <button type="submit" value="Sign me up"> Sign me up </button> </div> </form> <li class="actnbr-login-nudge"> <div> Already have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwordpress.com%2Fblog%2F2024%2F10%2F03%2Fopen-source-collaboration%2F&signup_flow=account">Log in now.</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-ellipsis" height="24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7 12c0 1.104-.896 2-2 2s-2-.896-2-2 .896-2 2-2 2 .896 2 2zm12-2c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2zm-7 0c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2z"/></g></svg> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-more"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/blog"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> WordPress.com News </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-customize"> <a href="https://en.blog.wordpress.com/wp-admin/customize.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.blog.wordpress.com%2Fblog%2F2024%2F10%2F03%2Fopen-source-collaboration%2F"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-customize" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M2 6c0-1.505.78-3.08 2-4 0 .845.69 2 2 2 1.657 0 3 1.343 3 3 0 .386-.08.752-.212 1.09.74.594 1.476 1.19 2.19 1.81L8.9 11.98c-.62-.716-1.214-1.454-1.807-2.192C6.753 9.92 6.387 10 6 10c-2.21 0-4-1.79-4-4zm12.152 6.848l1.34-1.34c.607.304 1.283.492 2.008.492 2.485 0 4.5-2.015 4.5-4.5 0-.725-.188-1.4-.493-2.007L18 9l-2-2 3.507-3.507C18.9 3.188 18.225 3 17.5 3 15.015 3 13 5.015 13 7.5c0 .725.188 1.4.493 2.007L3 20l2 2 6.848-6.848c1.885 1.928 3.874 3.753 5.977 5.45l1.425 1.148 1.5-1.5-1.15-1.425c-1.695-2.103-3.52-4.092-5.448-5.977z"/></g></svg> <span>Customize</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-follow"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-signup"><a href="https://wordpress.com/start/">Sign up</a></li> <li class="actnbr-login"><a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwordpress.com%2Fblog%2F2024%2F10%2F03%2Fopen-source-collaboration%2F&signup_flow=account">Log in</a></li> <li class="actnbr-shortlink"><a href="https://wp.me/pf2B5-i4e">Copy shortlink</a></li> <li class="flb-report"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://wordpress.com/blog/2024/10/03/open-source-collaboration/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Report this content </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-reader"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/read/blogs/3584907/posts/69454"> View post in Reader </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-subs"> <a href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/">Manage subscriptions</a> </li> <li class="actnbr-fold"><a href="">Collapse this bar</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <script> window.addEventListener( "load", function( event ) { var link = document.createElement( "link" ); link.href = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.css?v=20241015"; link.type = "text/css"; link.rel = "stylesheet"; document.head.appendChild( link ); var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.src = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.js?v=20231122"; script.defer = true; document.body.appendChild( script ); } ); </script> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-overlay"> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-wrapper"> <span id="jp-carousel-library-loading"> </span> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="jp-carousel-container">  <div class="jp-carousel-wrap swiper-container jp-carousel-swiper-container jp-carousel-transitions" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <div class="jp-carousel swiper-wrapper"></div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskPrev" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="9" height="12"> <path d="M16.2072 16.59L11.6496 12L16.2072 7.41L14.8041 6L8.8335 12L14.8041 18L16.2072 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskPrev)"> <rect x="0.579102" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-next swiper-button-next"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskNext" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="8" height="12"> <path d="M8.59814 16.59L13.1557 12L8.59814 7.41L10.0012 6L15.9718 12L10.0012 18L8.59814 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskNext)"> <rect x="0.34375" width="23.8822" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> </div>  <div class="jp-carousel-close-hint"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskClose" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="5" width="15" height="14"> <path d="M19.3166 6.41L17.9135 5L12.3509 10.59L6.78834 5L5.38525 6.41L10.9478 12L5.38525 17.59L6.78834 19L12.3509 13.41L17.9135 19L19.3166 17.59L13.754 12L19.3166 6.41Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskClose)"> <rect x="0.409668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div>  <div class="jp-carousel-info"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-footer"> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination-container"> <div class="jp-swiper-pagination swiper-pagination"></div> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination"></div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-caption"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-icons-container"> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-info" aria-label="Toggle photo metadata visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskInfo" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.7537 2C7.26076 2 2.80273 6.48 2.80273 12C2.80273 17.52 7.26076 22 12.7537 22C18.2466 22 22.7046 17.52 22.7046 12C22.7046 6.48 18.2466 2 12.7537 2ZM11.7586 7V9H13.7488V7H11.7586ZM11.7586 11V17H13.7488V11H11.7586ZM4.79292 12C4.79292 16.41 8.36531 20 12.7537 20C17.142 20 20.7144 16.41 20.7144 12C20.7144 7.59 17.142 4 12.7537 4C8.36531 4 4.79292 7.59 4.79292 12Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskInfo)"> <rect x="0.8125" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </span> </a> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-comments" aria-label="Toggle photo comments visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskComments" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.3271 2H20.2486C21.3432 2 22.2388 2.9 22.2388 4V16C22.2388 17.1 21.3432 18 20.2486 18H6.31729L2.33691 22V4C2.33691 2.9 3.2325 2 4.3271 2ZM6.31729 16H20.2486V4H4.3271V18L6.31729 16Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskComments)"> <rect x="0.34668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-has-comments-indicator" aria-label="This image has comments."></span> </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-info-extra"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-title"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments-wrapper"> <div id="jp-carousel-comments-loading"> <span>Loading Comments...</span> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments"></div> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-container"> <span id="jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner"> </span> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-post-results"></div> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as"> <p id="jp-carousel-commenting-as"> You must be <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-comment-login">logged in</a> to post a comment. </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-image-meta"> <div class="jp-carousel-title-and-caption"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-info"> <h3 class="jp-carousel-caption" itemprop="caption description"></h3> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-description"></div> </div> <ul class="jp-carousel-image-exif" style="display: none;"></ul> <a class="jp-carousel-image-download" href="#" target="_blank" style="display: none;"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="mask0" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="3" y="3" width="19" height="18"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.84615 5V19H19.7775V12H21.7677V19C21.7677 20.1 20.8721 21 19.7775 21H5.84615C4.74159 21 3.85596 20.1 3.85596 19V5C3.85596 3.9 4.74159 3 5.84615 3H12.8118V5H5.84615ZM14.802 5V3H21.7677V10H19.7775V6.41L9.99569 16.24L8.59261 14.83L18.3744 5H14.802Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#mask0)"> <rect x="0.870605" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-download-text"></span> </a> <div class="jp-carousel-image-map" style="display: none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/2024\/10\/03\/open-source-collaboration\/":69454}; </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-2' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJydjEEKgCAQAD+UrR6KLtFbTJfQdJXWxe9HUB/oOMMw0KtyhRpSgyyqJjkCMURs1brzZWAhyMVLQgZnryKMCbiHipfahXzC0TEP8H/2NZ94fltezbxMxkx61vEGx+U/hQ==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9zUsOwjAMRdENEazy7QSxFOQ2pjhNnFLbsH0QAsSI4bs60oP7FPoqRmKQFErtOFNwpRmHZwss57pMuoAfVzxM2QcWhcwjKVydnC4oMdP8ByeyCfvxvUFdPul0I4l1BnSrBc24/2JUJVPonHMEbloJuWJ8/RzLodmvNu1216zb9ABpbUrx'></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-jp-i18n-loader-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.jpI18nLoader.state = {"baseUrl":"https://widgets.wp.com/languages/","locale":"en_US","domainMap":{"jetpack-admin-ui":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-assets":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-backup-pkg":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-blaze":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-boost-core":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-boost-speed-score":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-classic-theme-helper":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-compat":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-config":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-connection":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-explat":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-forms":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-image-cdn":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-import":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-ip":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-jitm":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-licensing":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-masterbar":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-my-jetpack":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-password-checker":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-plugins-installer":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-post-list":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-protect-models":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-protect-status":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-publicize-pkg":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-search-pkg":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-stats":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-stats-admin":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-sync":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-videopress-pkg":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-waf":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-wordads":"plugins/jetpack","woocommerce-analytics":"plugins/jetpack"},"domainPaths":{"jetpack-admin-ui":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-admin-ui/","jetpack-assets":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-assets/","jetpack-backup-pkg":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-backup/","jetpack-blaze":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-blaze/","jetpack-boost-core":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-boost-core/","jetpack-boost-speed-score":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-boost-speed-score/","jetpack-classic-theme-helper":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-classic-theme-helper/","jetpack-compat":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-compat/","jetpack-config":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-config/","jetpack-connection":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-connection/","jetpack-explat":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-explat/","jetpack-forms":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-forms/","jetpack-image-cdn":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-image-cdn/","jetpack-import":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-import/","jetpack-ip":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-ip/","jetpack-jitm":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-jitm/","jetpack-licensing":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-licensing/","jetpack-masterbar":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-masterbar/","jetpack-my-jetpack":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-my-jetpack/","jetpack-password-checker":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-password-checker/","jetpack-plugins-installer":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-plugins-installer/","jetpack-post-list":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-post-list/","jetpack-protect-models":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-protect-models/","jetpack-protect-status":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-protect-status/","jetpack-publicize-pkg":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-publicize/","jetpack-search-pkg":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-search/","jetpack-stats":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-stats/","jetpack-stats-admin":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-stats-admin/","jetpack-sync":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-sync/","jetpack-videopress-pkg":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-videopress/","jetpack-waf":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-waf/","jetpack-wordads":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-wordads/","woocommerce-analytics":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/woocommerce-analytics/"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" crossorigin='anonymous' src="https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v19.6.4/build/url/index.min.js?m=1731954715i&ver=499ac283dc628dfb623e" id="wp-url-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-instant-search-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JetpackInstantSearchOptions=JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent("%7B%22overlayOptions%22%3A%7B%22colorTheme%22%3A%22light%22%2C%22enableInfScroll%22%3Atrue%2C%22enableFilteringOpensOverlay%22%3Atrue%2C%22enablePostDate%22%3Atrue%2C%22enableSort%22%3Atrue%2C%22highlightColor%22%3A%22%23FFC%22%2C%22overlayTrigger%22%3A%22submit%22%2C%22resultFormat%22%3A%22expanded%22%2C%22showPoweredBy%22%3Atrue%2C%22defaultSort%22%3A%22relevance%22%2C%22excludedPostTypes%22%3A%5B%22attachment%22%5D%7D%2C%22homeUrl%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwordpress.com%5C%2Fblog%22%2C%22locale%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22postsPerPage%22%3A11%2C%22siteId%22%3A3584907%2C%22postTypes%22%3A%7B%22post%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22Post%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Posts%22%7D%2C%22page%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22Page%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Pages%22%7D%2C%22attachment%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22Media%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Media%22%7D%2C%22wp_tv_video%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22WP%20TV%20Video%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22WP%20TV%20Videos%22%7D%7D%2C%22webpackPublicPath%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fs2.wp.com%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fmu-plugins%5C%2Fjetpack-plugin%5C%2Fsun%5C%2Fjetpack_vendor%5C%2Fautomattic%5C%2Fjetpack-search%5C%2Fbuild%5C%2Finstant-search%5C%2F%22%2C%22isPhotonEnabled%22%3Atrue%2C%22isFreePlan%22%3Afalse%2C%22apiRoot%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpublic-api.wordpress.com%5C%2F%22%2C%22apiNonce%22%3A%224400e6e9c6%22%2C%22isPrivateSite%22%3Afalse%2C%22isWpcom%22%3Atrue%2C%22hasOverlayWidgets%22%3Atrue%2C%22widgets%22%3A%5B%7B%22filters%22%3A%5B%7B%22name%22%3A%22Year%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22date_histogram%22%2C%22count%22%3A10%2C%22field%22%3A%22post_date%22%2C%22interval%22%3A%22year%22%2C%22widget_id%22%3A%22jetpack-search-filters-2%22%2C%22filter_id%22%3A%22date_histogram_0%22%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22Tags%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22taxonomy%22%2C%22taxonomy%22%3A%22post_tag%22%2C%22count%22%3A5%2C%22widget_id%22%3A%22jetpack-search-filters-2%22%2C%22filter_id%22%3A%22taxonomy_1%22%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22Categories%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22taxonomy%22%2C%22taxonomy%22%3A%22category%22%2C%22count%22%3A5%2C%22widget_id%22%3A%22jetpack-search-filters-2%22%2C%22filter_id%22%3A%22taxonomy_2%22%7D%5D%2C%22widget_id%22%3A%22jetpack-search-filters-2%22%7D%5D%2C%22widgetsOutsideOverlay%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22hasNonSearchWidgets%22%3Afalse%2C%22preventTrackingCookiesReset%22%3Atrue%7D")); /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/sun/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-search/build/instant-search/jp-search.js?m=1731341983i'></script> <script type="text/javascript" crossorigin='anonymous' src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?ver=202448" id="jp-tracks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="comment-like-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var comment_like_text = {"loading":"Loading...","swipeUrl":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/comment-likes\/js\/lib\/swipe.js?ver=20131008"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="coblocks-loader-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcom_coblocks_js = {"coblocks_masonry_js":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/coblocks\/2.18.1-simple-rev.4\/dist\/js\/coblocks-masonry.min.js","coblocks_lightbox_js":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/coblocks\/2.18.1-simple-rev.4\/dist\/js\/coblocks-lightbox.min.js","jquery_core_js":"\/wp-includes\/js\/jquery\/jquery.min.js","jquery_migrate_js":"\/wp-includes\/js\/jquery\/jquery-migrate.min.js","masonry_js":"\/wp-includes\/js\/masonry.min.js","imagesloaded_js":"\/wp-includes\/js\/imagesloaded.min.js"}; var coblocksLigthboxData = {"closeLabel":"Close Gallery","leftLabel":"Previous","rightLabel":"Next"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-carousel-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var jetpackSwiperLibraryPath = {"url":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-plugin\/sun\/_inc\/build\/carousel\/swiper-bundle.min.js"}; var jetpackCarouselStrings = {"widths":[370,700,1000,1200,1400,2000],"is_logged_in":"","lang":"en","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/blog\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"5d3d794c1a","display_exif":"1","display_comments":"1","single_image_gallery":"1","single_image_gallery_media_file":"","background_color":"black","comment":"Comment","post_comment":"Post Comment","write_comment":"Write a Comment...","loading_comments":"Loading Comments...","image_label":"Open image in full-screen.","download_original":"View full size <span class=\"photo-size\">{0}<span class=\"photo-size-times\">\u00d7<\/span>{1}<\/span>","no_comment_text":"Please be sure to submit some text with your comment.","no_comment_email":"Please provide an email address to comment.","no_comment_author":"Please provide your name to comment.","comment_post_error":"Sorry, but there was an error posting your comment. Please try again later.","comment_approved":"Your comment was approved.","comment_unapproved":"Your comment is in moderation.","camera":"Camera","aperture":"Aperture","shutter_speed":"Shutter Speed","focal_length":"Focal Length","copyright":"Copyright","comment_registration":"1","require_name_email":"1","login_url":"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwordpress.com%2Fblog%2F2024%2F10%2F03%2Fopen-source-collaboration%2F","blog_id":"3584907","meta_data":["camera","aperture","shutter_speed","focal_length","copyright"],"stats_query_args":"blog=3584907&v=wpcom&tz=0&user_id=0&subd=en.blog","is_public":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJydkN1OwzAMRl8I17TrxG4Qj4KyxOvc5k9xwrS3J1tbGAOExF38yd/JSfAUQQefyWd0BaItA3tBHZyrEVieSHC8C5pRHvCm+Nna26Anwa5pd00Lwi5agkRvTY+GJc+keQlsUIZS49j/xrPKm6j0hPvC1uC1B9ryRUR04pjhEEKmBEI6c/gGykdy1V/tdE1rfYDusesXXHWZw7XFXttivr43UbTnnxxvPmukfLFcZpTi8bWylmu0SqEI2Y+1NfiDuq7BKVaZu/HfNnJUiYwy5nw9sh8WjRf33D5t2r7r220/vgPUAcX2'></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-tumblr' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-tumblr' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtumblr', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=450,height=450' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-x' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-x' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomx', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-mastodon' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-mastodon' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcommastodon', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=460,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomfacebook', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomlinkedin', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=580,height=450' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-threads' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-threads' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomthreads', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-bluesky' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-bluesky' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcombluesky', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-pocket' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-pocket' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcompocket', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=450,height=450' ); return false; } } ); } )(); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var wpcom_reblog = { source: 'toolbar', toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) { // Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one. const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`; // Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the // post permalink in the editor. const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; const url = postEndpoint + '?url=' + encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) + '&is_post_share=true' + '&v=5'; const redirect = function () { if ( ! window.open( url, '_blank' ) ) { location.href = url; } }; if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) { setTimeout( redirect, 0 ); } else { redirect(); } }, }; window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog; })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // <![CDATA[ (function() { try{ if ( window.external &&'msIsSiteMode' in window.external) { if (window.external.msIsSiteMode()) { var jl = document.createElement('script'); jl.type='text/javascript'; jl.async=true; jl.src='/wp-content/plugins/ie-sitemode/custom-jumplist.php'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(jl, s); } } }catch(e){} })(); // ]]> </script> <iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20241127#ver=20241127&origin=https://wordpress.com' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe> <div id='likes-other-gravatars' class='wpl-new-layout' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <div class="likes-text"> <span>%d</span> </div> <ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul> </div> <script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?67" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript"> _tkq = window._tkq || []; _stq = window._stq || []; _tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'3584907','blog_tz':'0','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]); _stq.push(['view', {'blog':'3584907','v':'wpcom','tz':'0','user_id':'0','post':'69454','subd':'en.blog'}]); _stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'UE5tW3cvZGQwfmw4QjJzN1ZjenZiRjh0Ry4lYVF1b2FbTj1MRTdvSlY4Sn4zMFZDcHc4K0Z6ZHJkWlFybDBnJXRPSmk1dFF3SVlCdnRxVVVEP3o0WVh8Q3hTakliVXBySFpPP08rTExTNDNlK1pMSCUsQ3BFaHk2VGVJOXdYeUQ9TSVVLW9FSVlNS1J1M2RQNGdQTGkmUnp2K0lHbXBbLFVvWUx2XU5HclRDMXZpPURQbHJLT29EZlhsNEpRSkVva1ozcENrXVtjTmVMcHFlaUhDMHl0a2hjVXxQfmFTN29hTV9KMjBOd1Q='}]); _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '3584907', '69454' ]); </script> <noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function( $ ) { if ( ! $ ) return; // Not possible. $( document ).ajaxSend( function( event, jqXhr, settings ) { if ( 0 === String( settings.url || '' ).indexOf( "https:\/\/en.blog.wordpress.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php" ) ) { settings.xhrFields = settings.xhrFields || {}; settings.xhrFields.withCredentials = true; } } ); } )( window.jQuery ); </script> <script> ( function() { function getMobileUserAgentInfo() { if ( typeof wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info === 'object' ) { wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.init(); var mobileStatsQueryString = ''; if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_platforms' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_devices' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.isIPad() ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'ipad_views' + '=' + 'views'; } if ( mobileStatsQueryString != '' ) { new Image().src = document.location.protocol + '//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv' + mobileStatsQueryString + '&baba=' + Math.random(); } } } document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', getMobileUserAgentInfo ); } )(); </script> </body> </html>