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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pareve in commercial production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pareve_in_commercial_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pareve_and_vegetarianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pareve_and_vegetarianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pareve and vegetarianism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pareve_and_vegetarianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pareve_and_allergies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pareve_and_allergies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pareve and allergies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pareve_and_allergies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_in_slang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_in_slang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Usage in slang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage_in_slang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" title="بارف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بارف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parve_(Judentum)" title="Parve (Judentum) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Parve (Judentum)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareve" title="Pareve – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pareve" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareve" title="Pareve – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pareve" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%94_(%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="פרווה (כשרות) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרווה (כשרות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareve" title="Pareve – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pareve" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parve" title="Parve – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parve" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Парве – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парве" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parve" title="Parve – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Parve" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parve" title="Parve – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Parve" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/OUKosher.JPG/250px-OUKosher.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/OUKosher.JPG/330px-OUKosher.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/OUKosher.JPG/500px-OUKosher.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Non-dairy_creamer" title="Non-dairy creamer">non-dairy coffee creamer</a> marked with a pareve label</figcaption></figure> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kashrut</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Dietary_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary law">dietary laws</a> of <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <b>pareve</b> or <b>parve</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">פאַרעוו</span> for "neutral"; in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">פַּרוֶוה</span>‎, <i>parveh</i>, or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">סְתָמִי</span>‎, <i>stami</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a classification of food that contain neither <a href="/wiki/Dairy_product" title="Dairy product">dairy</a> nor <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a> ingredients. Food in this category includes all items that grow from the ground (<a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">grains</a>, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">fish</a> (only Kosher fish), <a href="/wiki/Eggs_as_food" title="Eggs as food">eggs</a>, and non-biological edible items (such as water and salt). </p><p><i>Kashrut</i> forbids consuming mixtures of <a href="/wiki/Milk_and_meat_in_Jewish_law" title="Milk and meat in Jewish law">milk and meat</a>, consuming milk and meat at the same meal, consuming dairy foods within a period of time after consuming meat (the period varies by custom), and using the same dishes for both dairy and meat. Pareve foods, being neutral, can be consumed with either dairy or meat. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Laws">Laws</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pareve&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eggs that have been laid are considered pareve because they are separate from the animal. But eggs found inside a bird after its slaughter are considered to be part of the animal and therefore have the status of meat. Commercially marketed eggs generally are not taken from slaughtered animals and therefore are pareve.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kashrut requires that common <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">bread</a> must be made pareve, because bread is a staple food, and there is a strong chance one may forget that the bread contains dairy or meat ingredients. Bread need not be made pareve if it is made in an unusual shape or consumed on the same day it is made.<sup id="cite_ref-StarK_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarK-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even vegetarians are required to refrain from baking non-pareve bread because kashrut applies equally to all Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Food that contains only pareve ingredients but that comes in contact with dairy or meat dishes in the home or that is manufactured on equipment also used to manufacture dairy or meat equipment maintains the status of pareve, and may be consumed after eating dairy or meat. However, if such contact is made, it may only be consumed on dairy or meat dishes respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some commercial products that are pareve but have been manufactured on dairy equipment bear the letters DE after the <a href="/wiki/Hechscher" class="mw-redirect" title="Hechscher">hechscher</a> to let the consumer know the product cannot be consumed together with meat. Still, such an item <a href="/wiki/Milk_and_meat_in_Jewish_law#Problem_of_sequential_foods" title="Milk and meat in Jewish law">can be consumed after a meat meal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-StarK_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarK-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical">Pharmaceuticals</a> taken for medical purposes that contain animal ingredients, while not technically <i>pareve</i>, do not require a waiting period following their consumption, as they are generally swallowed without being chewed and have little contact with the mouth. The laws of kashrut do not apply to pharmaceuticals taken for medical reasons. <a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a>, on the other hand, have the status of nourishment, and therefore, the laws of kashrut must be followed.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While kosher households generally have two sets of dishes, one for dairy and another for meat, some kosher households also include a third set of pareve dishes, or at least cooking utensils, in order to enable pareve foods to be prepared and then later served with either dairy or meat meals.<sup id="cite_ref-StarK_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarK-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While fish is pareve,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> warns not to consume fish directly mixed with meat, and the custom is not to eat both on the same plate if they both are eaten at the same meal.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is <a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad</a> custom to refrain from eating fish with <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>, but combining fish with dairy byproducts (cheese, butter, etc.) is acceptable.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A much less common practice is to refrain from eating fish combined with any dairy product.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pareve_in_commercial_production">Pareve in commercial production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pareve&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pareve in commercial production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the restrictions in Jewish law forbidding combining <a href="/wiki/Milk_and_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Milk and meat">milk and meat</a>, many food items marketed to kosher consumers are made pareve, thereby modifying traditional recipes and allowing the item to be consumed either with dairy or meat. Common ingredients used as substitutes for either dairy or meat ingredients include <a href="/wiki/Soy" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy">soy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">tofu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coconut_oil" title="Coconut oil">coconut oils</a>, and various vegetables. <a href="/wiki/Meat_analogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat analogue">Meat analogues</a> are used to replace real meat in recipes, and soy cheese to replace real cheese.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some meat analogues include dairy. </p><p>The laws of <a href="/wiki/Marit_ayin" title="Marit ayin">marit ayin</a> forbid eating a pareve food that appears dairy together with meat or vice versa. However, with the wide commercial availability of such pareve imitations of both dairy and meat foods, today this is permitted.<sup id="cite_ref-StarK_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarK-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Margarine" title="Margarine">Margarine</a> is commonly used in place of butter, thereby enabling baked goods to be made pareve. In 2008, a <a href="/wiki/2008_Passover_margarine_shortage" title="2008 Passover margarine shortage">shortage of kosher for Passover margarine</a> made it difficult for kosher consumers to prepare pareve recipes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cultured_meat" title="Cultured meat">Cultured meat</a> can be considered pareve, according to <a href="/wiki/David_Lau" title="David Lau">David Lau</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbinate_of_Israel" title="Chief Rabbinate of Israel">Chief Rabbi of Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pareve_and_vegetarianism">Pareve and vegetarianism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pareve&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pareve and vegetarianism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "pareve" on a food label may imply the product is suitable for <a href="/wiki/Vegetarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian">vegetarians</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vegan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan">vegans</a>, but this is not always true. <a href="/wiki/Fish_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish (food)">Fish</a> and fish products, like <a href="/wiki/Fish_gelatin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish gelatin">fish gelatin</a>, are pareve, but in general not vegetarian and never vegan (but would be consumed by <a href="/wiki/Pescetarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pescetarian">pescetarians</a>). <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">Honey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egg_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg as food">egg</a> and egg products, like <a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">mayonnaise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albumen" class="mw-redirect" title="Albumen">albumen</a>, are pareve and vegetarian but not vegan. </p><p>Some processes convert a meat or dairy product into a <i>pareve</i> substance. For example, <a href="/wiki/Rennet" title="Rennet">rennet</a> is sometimes made from stomach linings, yet is acceptable for making kosher cheese,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but such cheeses might not be acceptable to some vegetarians, who would eat only cheese made from a vegetarian rennet. </p><p>Likewise, some products bearing a vegan certification label do not have the status in halakha as <i>pareve</i> due to incidental contact with dairy ingredients or utensils that render the item dairy, while still qualifying by the vegan certification as containing no animal products. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pareve_and_allergies">Pareve and allergies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pareve&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pareve and allergies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Those allergic to dairy foods may assume items labeled as "pareve" to be dairy-free, though this is not always the case. <i>Kashrut</i> has procedures by which equipment can be cleaned of its previous non-kosher use, but that might be inadequate for those with allergies, vegetarians, or adherents to other religious statutes. For example, dairy manufacturing equipment can be cleaned well enough that the rabbis grant <i>pareve</i> status to products manufactured with it. Nevertheless, someone with a strong allergic sensitivity to dairy products might still react to the dairy residue, and that is why some products that are legitimately pareve carry "milk" warnings. The general rule on such matters is that an item accidentally containing dairy ingredients could be considered pareve if the dairy is present in a fraction of less than 1/60 (1.67%) of the total<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though, in commercial pareve food production supervising agencies often try to be stricter than that. However, people with allergies can be sensitive to far lower concentrations of such ingredients — even parts-per-million concentrations — and therefore may not be able to rely on a pareve marking.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_in_slang">Usage in slang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pareve&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Usage in slang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "pareve" is also used in contemporary Israeli <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a> to imply that something is mediocre or that a statement lacks a clear message.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pareve&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">Halal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pareve&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div 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center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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(2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1541-4337.2003.tb00018.x">"The Kosher and Halal Food Laws"</a>. <i>Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety</i>. <b>2</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">111–</span>127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1541-4337.2003.tb00018.x">10.1111/j.1541-4337.2003.tb00018.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1541-4337">1541-4337</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33451233">33451233</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comprehensive+Reviews+in+Food+Science+and+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=The+Kosher+and+Halal+Food+Laws&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E111-%3C%2Fspan%3E127&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=1541-4337&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33451233&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1541-4337.2003.tb00018.x&rft.aulast=Regenstein&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rft.au=Chaudry%2C+M.+M.&rft.au=Regenstein%2C+C.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1541-4337.2003.tb00018.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APareve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPosner" class="citation web cs1">Posner, Menachem. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/815625/jewish/Is-lox-and-cream-cheese-kosher.htm">"May fish be consumed with dairy? - Is lox and cream cheese kosher? - Kosher"</a>. <i>Chabad.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chabad.org&rft.atitle=May+fish+be+consumed+with+dairy%3F+-+Is+lox+and+cream+cheese+kosher%3F+-+Kosher&rft.aulast=Posner&rft.aufirst=Menachem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F815625%2Fjewish%2FIs-lox-and-cream-cheese-kosher.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APareve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/3694185/jewish/What-Is-Parve-Pareve.htm">"What Is Parve (Pareve)?"</a>. <i>www.chabad.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chabad.org&rft.atitle=What+Is+Parve+%28Pareve%29%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F3694185%2Fjewish%2FWhat-Is-Parve-Pareve.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APareve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1,000 Jewish Recipes By Faye Levy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGross2023" class="citation web cs1">Gross, Judah (19 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/kosher-cheeseburgers-chief-rabbi-rules-some-cultured-meat-may-not-be-fleishig/">"Kosher cheeseburgers? Chief rabbi rules some cultured meat may not be 'fleishig'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Times of Israel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Kosher+cheeseburgers%3F+Chief+rabbi+rules+some+cultured+meat+may+not+be+%27fleishig%27&rft.date=2023-01-19&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Judah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fkosher-cheeseburgers-chief-rabbi-rules-some-cultured-meat-may-not-be-fleishig%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APareve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLau2023" class="citation web cs1">Lau, David (17 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://static.timesofisrael.com/www/uploads/2023/01/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99-%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%A8-%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%AA.pdf?_gl=1*1s0tiwm*_ga*MTQwMTExMDU5NC4xNzI0MDIwOTAy*_ga_RJR2XWQR34*MTcyNDAyMDkwMi4xLjEuMTcyNDAyMDkwOC4wLjAuMA..">"Opinion on cultured meat"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opinion+on+cultured+meat&rft.date=2023-01-17&rft.aulast=Lau&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic.timesofisrael.com%2Fwww%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F01%2F%25D7%2597%25D7%2595%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA-%25D7%2593%25D7%25A2%25D7%25AA-%25D7%2594%25D7%259C%25D7%259B%25D7%25AA%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA-%25D7%259E%25D7%2594%25D7%25A8%25D7%2591-%25D7%2594%25D7%25A8%25D7%2590%25D7%25A9%25D7%2599-%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A8%25D7%2590%25D7%259C-%25D7%2591%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A8-%25D7%259E%25D7%25AA%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8%25D7%2591%25D7%25AA.pdf%3F_gl%3D1%2A1s0tiwm%2A_ga%2AMTQwMTExMDU5NC4xNzI0MDIwOTAy%2A_ga_RJR2XWQR34%2AMTcyNDAyMDkwMi4xLjEuMTcyNDAyMDkwOC4wLjAuMA..&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APareve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The rennet must be kosher, either microbial or from special productions of animal rennet using kosher calf stomachs". Blech, Zushe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oukosher.org/blog/consumer-kosher/dairy-primer/">"Kosher Dairy Primer – What is a Kosher Dairy Product"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Union" title="Orthodox Union">Orthodox Union</a>. Retrieved June 30, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://din.org.il/2011/02/23/preface/?lang=en">"Preface"</a>. 23 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preface&rft.date=2011-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdin.org.il%2F2011%2F02%2F23%2Fpreface%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APareve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmolensky,_Simcha" class="citation web cs1">Smolensky, Simcha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crcweb.org/kosher_articles/parve.php">"cRc Kosher Articles - Is Pareve Really Pareve?"</a>. <i>Crcweb.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Crcweb.org&rft.atitle=cRc+Kosher+Articles+-+Is+Pareve+Really+Pareve%3F&rft.au=Smolensky%2C+Simcha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crcweb.org%2Fkosher_articles%2Fparve.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APareve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hebrew-academy.org.il/איך-אומרים-בעברית/">"איך אומרים בעברית?"</a>. <i>האקדמיה ללשון עברית</i>. פרוה.</cite><span 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFרוזנטל2019" class="citation web cs1">רוזנטל, רוביק (2019-10-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.ravmilim.co.il/2019/10/10/%d7%93%d7%a8-%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%91%d7%99%d7%a7-%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%96%d7%a0%d7%98%d7%9c-%d7%a9%d7%9e%d7%a9%d7%95%d7%9f-%d7%94%d7%9e%d7%a1%d7%9b%d7%9f-%d7%9e%d7%a7%d7%a9%d7%a7%d7%a9-%d7%91%d7%a7%d7%95/">"שמשון המסכן מקשקש בקומקום"</a>. <i>בלוג השפה העברית של מילון רב-מילים</i>.</cite><span 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</li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pareve&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/20px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/pareve" class="extiw" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kashrut" title="Template:Kashrut"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kashrut" title="Template talk:Kashrut"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kashrut" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kashrut"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kashrut116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #eeeeee">Principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milk_and_meat_in_Jewish_law" title="Milk and meat in Jewish law">Milk and meat in Jewish law</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pareve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechsher" title="Hechsher">Hechsher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashgiach" title="Mashgiach">Mashgiach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitul" title="Bitul">Bitul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kil%27ayim_(prohibition)" title="Kil'ayim (prohibition)">Kil'ayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_by_ingredient" title="Kosher by ingredient">Kosher by ingredient</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #eeeeee">Kosher meat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_animals" title="Kosher animals">Kosher animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechita" title="Shechita">Shechita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taboo_food_and_drink#Living_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Taboo food and drink">limb of a live animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreleg,_cheeks_and_maw#"Kosher"_status" title="Foreleg, cheeks and maw">Foreleg, cheeks and maw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_against_slaughtering_an_animal_and_its_offspring_on_the_same_day" title="Prohibition against slaughtering an animal and its offspring on the same day">Prohibition against slaughtering an animal and its offspring on the same day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelev" title="Chelev">Chelev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikkur" title="Nikkur">Nikkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gid_hanasheh" title="Gid hanasheh">Gid hanasheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terefah" title="Terefah">Terefah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_pekuah" title="Ben pekuah">Ben pekuah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Kosher_foods" title="Kosher foods">Kosher foods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishul_Yisrael" title="Bishul Yisrael">Bishul Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalav_Yisrael" title="Chalav Yisrael">Chalav Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pas_Yisroel" title="Pas Yisroel">Pas Yisroel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadash" title="Chadash">Chadash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlah" title="Orlah">Orlah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_locust" title="Kosher locust">Kosher locust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_halal_and_kosher_fish" title="List of halal and kosher fish">Kosher fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_wine" title="Kosher wine">Kosher wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Kosher_certification_agency" title="Kosher certification agency">Kosher certification agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badatz" title="Badatz">Badatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Rabbinical_Congress" title="Central Rabbinical Congress">Central Rabbinical Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Rabbinical_Council" title="Chicago Rabbinical Council">Chicago Rabbinical Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EarthKosher_Kosher_Certification" class="mw-redirect" title="EarthKosher Kosher Certification">EarthKosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edah_HaChareidis" title="Edah HaChareidis">Edah HaChareidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_Check" title="Kosher Check">Kosher Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal-K" title="Seal-K">Seal-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashruth_Council_of_Canada" title="Kashruth Council of Canada">Kashruth Council of Canada (COR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_Supervision_of_America" title="Kosher Supervision of America">Kosher Supervision of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Beth_Din" title="London Beth Din">London Beth Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Kosher" title="Montreal Kosher">Montreal Kosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OK_Kosher_Certification" title="OK Kosher Certification">OK Kosher Certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Union_Kosher" title="Orthodox Union Kosher">Orthodox Union Kosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_Council_of_California" title="Rabbinical Council of California">Rabbinical Council of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star-K" title="Star-K">Star-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet-K" title="Tablet-K">Tablet-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tav_HaYosher" title="Tav HaYosher">Tav HaYosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_K" title="Triangle K">Triangle K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Orthodox_Synagogues" title="Union of Orthodox Synagogues">Union of Orthodox Synagogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_Australia" title="Kosher Australia">Kosher Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #eeeeee">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_laws_regarding_kashrut" title="Civil laws regarding kashrut">Civil laws regarding kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_kashrut" title="Criticism of kashrut">Criticism of kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_airline_meal" title="Kosher airline meal">Kosher airline meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_restaurant" title="Kosher restaurant">Kosher restaurant</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_kosher_restaurants" title="List of kosher restaurants">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_style" title="Kosher style">Kosher style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_tourism" title="Kosher tourism">Kosher tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magen_Tzedek" title="Magen Tzedek">Magen Tzedek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pareve&oldid=1256160674">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pareve&oldid=1256160674</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_law" title="Category:Food law">Food law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hebrew_words_and_phrases_in_Jewish_law" title="Category:Hebrew words and phrases in 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