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<span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dialects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comparison_between_Coastal_and_Inland_dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_between_Coastal_and_Inland_dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Comparison between Coastal and Inland dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: pink;">Terengganu Malay</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: pink;"><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Base Tranung</i></span> <br /> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu Terengganu</i></span> <br /> <span title="uncoded-language text"><span lang="mis" dir="rtl">بهاس ترڠݢانو</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mersing" title="Mersing">Mersing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Sedili" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjung Sedili">Tanjung Sedili</a> (<a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Terengganuan_Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Terengganuan Malay people">Terengganuan Malay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1.1 million (2010)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Terengganu Malay</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Coastal Terengganu <br /> Inland Terengganu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_Script" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic Script">Arabic Script</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Linguist_List" title="Linguist List">Linguist List</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010101/http://multitree.org/codes/zlm-coa">zlm-coa</a></code> (coastal)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"> </th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010101/http://multitree.org/codes/zlm-inl">zlm-inl</a></code> (inland)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tere1283">tere1283</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=33-AFA-ca">33-AFA-ca</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Distribution_of_Terengganu_language.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Distribution_of_Terengganu_language.jpg/250px-Distribution_of_Terengganu_language.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Distribution_of_Terengganu_language.jpg/375px-Distribution_of_Terengganu_language.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Distribution_of_Terengganu_language.jpg/500px-Distribution_of_Terengganu_language.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #0000FF ; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span>  Areas where Coastal Terengganu Malay is the majority language</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #008080 ; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span>  Areas where Inland Terengganu Malay is the majority language</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #40E0D0 ; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span>  Areas where Terengganu Malay is a minority language</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Terengganu Malay</b> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu Terengganu</i>; Terengganu Malay: <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Bahse Tranung/Ganu</i></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic language</a> spoken in the Malaysian state of <a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a> all the way southward to coastal <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a> and northeast <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a>. It is the native language of <a href="/wiki/Terengganuan_Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Terengganuan Malay people">Terengganu Malays</a> and highly localized Chinese Peranakan (locally known as "Mek and Awang") community as well as a second language among the smaller Indian minority. </p><p>The language has developed distinct <a href="/wiki/Phonetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonetic">phonetic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syntactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Syntactic">syntactic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lexeme" title="Lexeme">lexical</a> distinctions which makes it mutually unintelligible for speakers from outside the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, especially those who speak Standard Malay/Malaysian.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terengganu Malay still shares close linguistic ties with neighboring Kelantan and <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Malay" title="Pahang Malay">Pahang</a> of which it forms under the umbrella term of "East Coast Peninsular Malayic languages" but maintain its own features distinct from both Pahang and Kelantan-Patani.<sup id="cite_ref-Collins_1989_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins_1989-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Terengganu Malay also coexists with two closely related Malayic varieties. In the districts of <a href="/wiki/Besut" class="mw-redirect" title="Besut">Besut</a> and northern part of <a href="/wiki/Setiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Setiu">Setiu</a>, the majority of the population speak a variant of <a href="/wiki/Kelantan-Pattani_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelantan-Pattani Malay">Kelantan-Pattani Malay</a>, but in recent years many people from southern Terengganu started to migrate into these two districts and both variants now coexist with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-padredeumares_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-padredeumares-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the inland <a href="/wiki/Mukim" title="Mukim">mukim</a> of Pasir Raja, <a href="/wiki/Dungun" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungun">Dungun</a>, several villages still speak a variant of Ulu Tembeling dialect of Pahang Malay, locally known as Pasir Raja dialect.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Terengganu Malay is considered to be the most recognisable identity of the state. This can be seen in many local television dramas, movies, songs, poems and religious sermons<sup id="cite_ref-Kasdan-2018_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kasdan-2018-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which emphasize the usage of Terengganu Malay.<sup id="cite_ref-slideshare_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slideshare-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radio stations in Terengganu whether public (Terengganu FM) or privately owned (<a href="/wiki/Hot_FM_(Malaysia)#Hot_FM" title="Hot FM (Malaysia)">Hot FM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molek_FM" title="Molek FM">Molek FM</a>) mainly use Terengganu Malay in its broadcast alongside standard <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a>. Recent years show an increase of awareness of the uniqueness of Terengganu Malay, such as the increasing use of Terengganu Malay in shop signs and recently the publication of a Hulu Terengganu Malay dictionary.<sup id="cite_ref-TRDI_News_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRDI_News-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The people of Terengganu refer<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="but don't anymore? (December 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> to their language as <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">base/bahse Tranung/Tghanung</i></span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/bahsə<span class="wrap"> </span>tɣanuŋ/</span>) which means 'the language of Terengganu' or <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">cakak Tranung</i></span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tʃakaʔ<span class="wrap"> </span>tɣanuŋ/</span>) which means 'Terengganu speech'. In <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Standard Malay</a>, it is known as <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">bahasa Terengganu</i></span> or <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">bahasa Melayu Terengganu</i></span>. Besides Tranung, <i>Tranu</i>, <i>Ganung</i>, <i>Teganung</i>, <i>Teganu</i> and <i>Ganu</i> are also used with the latter (Ganu) being used as an exonym by people outside of Terengganu when referring to Terengganu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terengganu Malay is natively spoken in most parts of Terengganu other than <a href="/wiki/Besut" class="mw-redirect" title="Besut">Besut</a> and the northern part of <a href="/wiki/Setiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Setiu">Setiu</a>. Besides Terengganu, it is also spoken in coastal <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Cherating" title="Cherating">Cherating</a> near the border with <a href="/wiki/Kemaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemaman">Kemaman</a> district to as far south as <a href="/wiki/Mersing" title="Mersing">Mersing</a> district in the state of Johor.<sup id="cite_ref-Kasdan-2018_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kasdan-2018-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A variety spoken in the village of <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Sedili" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjung Sedili">Tanjung Sedili</a> in the district of <a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi" title="Kota Tinggi">Kota Tinggi</a> is said to be a mixture of Terengganuan, Johorean and several other Malay varieties, reflecting the historical demographics of the area, which once received Malay migrants from Terengganu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialects">Dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terengganu Malay has two major dialects: Coastal (zlm-coa) and Inland (zlm-inl) and each of these two dialects has several regional differences depending on districts or villages. The dialect spoken in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Terengganu" title="Kuala Terengganu">Kuala Terengganu</a> district is the de facto <a href="/wiki/Prestige_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prestige (linguistics)">standard dialect</a> of Terengganu Malay.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major differences between Coastal (known as <i>Pata</i>) and Inland (known as <i>Ulu</i>) dialects is the pronunciation of the letter "e" of which Coastal Terengganu speakers tend to pronounce it as a <a href="/wiki/Schwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwa">schwa</a> while Inland Terengganu speakers pronounce it with strong "e" (as in r<b>e</b>d). </p><p>People in the northernmost regions of Terengganu, specifically in the district of <a href="/wiki/Besut" class="mw-redirect" title="Besut">Besut</a> and several parts of <a href="/wiki/Setiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Setiu">Setiu</a> do not speak Terengganu Malay, but instead uses <a href="/wiki/Kelantan-Pattani_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelantan-Pattani Malay">Kelantan-Pattani Malay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dialects spoken in <a href="/wiki/Dungun" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungun">Dungun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marang_District" title="Marang District">Marang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kemaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemaman">Kemaman</a> as well as outside of Terengganu such as in Pahang (<a href="/wiki/Kuantan_District" title="Kuantan District">Kuantan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pekan_District" title="Pekan District">Pekan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rompin_District" title="Rompin District">Rompin</a>) and Johor (<a href="/wiki/Mersing_District" title="Mersing District">Mersing</a>) does not have significant differences than those in Kuala Terengganu and is classified as part of the Coastal dialect. The residents of <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Sedili" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjung Sedili">Tanjung Sedili</a> which is a small coastal village in <a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi" title="Kota Tinggi">Kota Tinggi</a>, Johor spoke a dialect that is a mixture of Johorean and Terengganuan as the residents there are mostly of Terengganu Malay ancestry. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Pasir_Raja" title="Pasir Raja">Pasir Raja</a> which is a mukim located in the interior parts of Dungun, majority of the Malays there spoke a variant of <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Malay" title="Pahang Malay">Pahang Malay</a> specifically the Ulu Tembeling dialect instead of Terengganuan. It is because the majority of the people in those areas are descendants of Pahang migrants that migrated into Dungun more than a hundred years ago. Today both varieties (Pahang Malay and Terengganu Malay) coexists in Pasir Raja and the residents can fluently speak both of those varieties. </p><p>Based on 2013 research, the division of Terengganu Malay are as follows<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><b>Terengganu Malay</b> <ul><li>Coastal Terengganu <ul><li><i>Kuala Nerus-Kuala Terengganu</i> <ul><li><i>Kedai Buluh</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>Dungun</i></li> <li><i>Marang</i></li> <li><i>Kemaman-Coastal Pahang-Mersing</i> <ul><li><i>Kemaman</i></li> <li><i>Kuantan</i></li> <li><i>Kuala Rompin</i></li> <li><i>Mersing</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Inland Terengganu <ul><li><i>Kuala Berang</i></li> <li><i>Ulu Telemong</i></li> <li><i>Jerengau</i></li> <li><i>Kuala Jengai</i></li> <li><i>Hulu Dungun</i></li> <li><i>Hulu Nerus</i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_between_Coastal_and_Inland_dialects">Comparison between Coastal and Inland dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Comparison between Coastal and Inland dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: center;">Inland Terengganu </th> <th style="text-align: center;">Coastal Terengganu </th> <th style="text-align: center;">English </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ughaong/Ughang</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Oghang</i></span></td> <td>People </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Kubo</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Kuba</i></span></td> <td>Buffalo </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Balaik</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Balék</i></span></td> <td>Leave </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Tubaik</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Tubék</i></span></td> <td>Out </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Dimi</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Déme</i></span></td> <td>You </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Mume</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Mung</i></span></td> <td>You </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Bayak</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Kabo</i></span></td> <td>Tell </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ayo</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Lebong</i></span></td> <td>Lie </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azhar_Idrus_at_Masjid_Mukim_Kok_Lanas_2.0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Azhar_Idrus_at_Masjid_Mukim_Kok_Lanas_2.0.jpg/220px-Azhar_Idrus_at_Masjid_Mukim_Kok_Lanas_2.0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Azhar_Idrus_at_Masjid_Mukim_Kok_Lanas_2.0.jpg/330px-Azhar_Idrus_at_Masjid_Mukim_Kok_Lanas_2.0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Azhar_Idrus_at_Masjid_Mukim_Kok_Lanas_2.0.jpg/440px-Azhar_Idrus_at_Masjid_Mukim_Kok_Lanas_2.0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption>Ustaz Azhar Idrus, a popular religious preacher in Terengganu is often known for his use of Terengganuan during his sermons</figcaption></figure> <p>Although essentially a spoken language with no standard orthography, Terengganu Malay is widely used in folk songs, poems, and also in mainstream and local media (such as local radio stations, dramas and movies). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Taib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim Taib (page does not exist)">Ibrahim Taib</a>, a famous Terengganu poet was known for his usage of Inland Terengganu dialect in his poems such as "<span title="uncoded-language text"><span lang="mis" style="font-style: normal;">Mok, Aku Nok Tubaik</span></span>" ('Mom, I want to get out') and "<span title="uncoded-language text"><span lang="mis" style="font-style: normal;">Jadilah Awang</span></span>" ('Enough Awang'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terengganu has a rich history of folk songs sung mostly in Terengganu Malay, among those are <i>Anok Udang</i>, <i>Anok Burung Baniong</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ulek_Mayang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulek Mayang">Ulek Mayang</a></i> and <i>Watimang Landok</i>. </p><p>Besides traditional folk songs, Terengganu Malay has also made way into modern contemporary songs especially singers or bands who were born and raised in Terengganu. Among the most well known was the song "<span title="uncoded-language text"><span lang="mis" style="font-style: normal;">Blues Tranung/Ganu Kite</span></span>" by a famous Malaysian band <a href="/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim">Iklim</a>. It was a hit song not just in Terengganu but also across Malaysia in the 90s and 2000s. "<span title="uncoded-language text"><span lang="mis" style="font-style: normal;">Dondang Dendang</span></span>", a 1999 song composed by Suhaimi Mohd Zain and recorded by traditional singers <a href="/wiki/Noraniza_Idris" title="Noraniza Idris">Noraniza Idris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siti_Nurhaliza" title="Siti Nurhaliza">Siti Nurhaliza</a>, contains an old Terengganuan Malay poem in the bridge based on the traditional Terengganu dance called <a href="/wiki/Rodat_(dance)" title="Rodat (dance)">Rodat</a>. Another band called Spring also recorded a song sung in Terengganuan, called "<span title="uncoded-language text"><span lang="mis" style="font-style: normal;">Hati Mahu Baik</span></span>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Consonant inventory of Terengganu Malay<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Palato-alveolar consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">Stops</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Fricatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricatives">Fricatives</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasals</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">Affricates</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal affricate">cç</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_affricate" title="Voiced palatal affricate">ɟʝ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Liquid_consonant" title="Liquid consonant">Liquids</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">Glides</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowel_Inventory">Vowel Inventory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Vowel Inventory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">High</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ĩ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ũ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Mid-High</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Mid-Low</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ɛ̃</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ɔ̃</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Low</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ã</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span> followed by a nasal consonant changes to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">ayam</i></span> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">ايم</span></span> ('chicken') becomes <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">ayang</i></span>; <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">makan</i></span> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">ماكن</span></span> ('to eat') becomes <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">makang</i></span> </p><p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span> at the end of syllables changes to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔʔ/</span>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">minta</i></span> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">مينتا</span></span> ('to ask') becomes <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">mitok</i></span> </p><p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ah/</span> changes to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔh/</span>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">rumah</i></span> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">رومه</span></span> ('house') becomes <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">rumoh</i></span> </p><p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span> changes to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ə/</span>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">saya</i></span> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">ساي</span></span> ('I') becomes <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">saye</i></span> </p><p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span> changes to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/iŋ/</span>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">sini</i></span> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">سيني</span></span> ('here') becomes <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">sining</i></span> </p><p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ua/</span> changes to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔ/</span>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">buaya</i></span> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">بوايا</span></span> ('crocodile') becomes <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">boye</i></span> </p><p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aj/</span> becomes <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aː/</span>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">sungai</i></span> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">سوڠاي</span></span> ('river') becomes <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">sunga</i></span> </p><p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aw/</span> becomes <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">pisau</i></span> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">ڤيساو</span></span> ('knife') changes to <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">pisa</i></span> </p><p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ia/</span> before a nasal vowel changes to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ijaŋ/</span>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">siam</i></span> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">سيام</span></span> ('Siam') becomes <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">siyang</i></span> </p><p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ia/</span> changes to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛ/</span>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">biasa</i></span> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">بياسا</span></span> ('once') becomes <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">bese</i></span> </p><p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span> at the end of syllables changes to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">malas</i></span> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">مالس</span></span> ('lazy') changes to <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">malah</i></span> </p><p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/m/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> at the end of syllables changes to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">hakim</i></span> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">حاكيم</span></span> ('judge') changes to <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">hakeng</i></span> </p><p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span> changes to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɣ/</span>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">orang</i></span> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">اورڠ</span></span> ('person') becomes <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">oghang</i></span> </p><p>Final consonants are often only pronounced as a glottal stop. <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">bukit</i></span> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">بوكيت</span></span> ('hill') becomes <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">buke’</i></span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[bukiʔ]</span>) </p><p>Words are distinguished by lengthened initial consonant. </p><p>Final <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> is silent. Example: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">tinggal</i></span> ('left') becomes <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">tingga</i></span>; <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">tebal</i></span> ('thick') becomes <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">teba</i></span>. </p><p>Usually <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> as in <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/lah/</span> is removed and becomes <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ah/</span>. Example: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Banyaklah</i></span> ('so many') becomes <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">banyok ah</i></span>. </p><p><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Bulang</i></span> ('moon') vs. <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">bːulang</i></span> ('many months'); <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">katok</i></span> ('to strike') vs. <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">kːatok</i></span> ('frog'); <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">siku</i></span> ('elbow') vs. <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">sːiku</i></span> ('hand tool') </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several comparisons between Standard Malay and Terengganu Malay with English translations: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Pronouns </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Terengganu Malay </th> <th>Standard Malay </th> <th>English Translation </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Mung/Awok/Demə/Dimɛ/Mikɛ/Uning</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Standard Malay-language text"><i lang="zsm">Awak/Kamu/Kau</i></span> </td> <td>'You' (singular) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Awokmung/Sekmung</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Standard Malay-language text"><i lang="zsm">Kalian</i></span> </td> <td>'You' (plural) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ambə/Ambɛ/Aku</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Standard Malay-language text"><i lang="zsm">Saya/Aku</i></span> </td> <td>'I' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Sek yə/Awok yə/Demə/Dimɛ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Standard Malay-language text"><i lang="zsm">Mereka</i></span> </td> <td>'They' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ye/Nye/Die</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Standard Malay-language text"><i lang="zsm">Dia</i></span> </td> <td>'He/She' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Kitə/Kitɛ/Kaming</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Standard Malay-language text"><i lang="zsm">Kami</i></span> </td> <td>'We' (exclusive) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Question Words </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Terengganu Malay </th> <th>Standard Malay </th> <th>English Translation </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Sape/Ppiye</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Standard Malay-language text"><i lang="zsm">Siapa/Siapakah</i></span> </td> <td>'Who' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Mende/Nde/Nape/Ape/Gape</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Standard Malay-language text"><i lang="zsm">Apa/Apakah</i></span> </td> <td>'What' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Bile</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Standard Malay-language text"><i lang="zsm">Bila/Bilakah</i></span> </td> <td>'When' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Wane/Guane</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Standard Malay-language text"><i lang="zsm">Bagaimana</i></span>/<span title="Standard Malay-language text"><i lang="zsm">Bagaimanakah</i></span> </td> <td>'How' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Mane/Ane</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Standard Malay-language text"><i lang="zsm">Mana</i></span> </td> <td>'Where' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Bakpe</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Standard Malay-language text"><i lang="zsm">Mengapa</i></span> </td> <td>'How' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Wape/Bape/Bghape</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Standard Malay-language text"><i lang="zsm">Berapa</i></span> </td> <td>'How Much' </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Basic Words </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: center;">Terengganu Malay </th> <th style="text-align: center;">Standard Malay </th> <th style="text-align: center;">English </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Brehi/Brahi/Wahi</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Suka</i></span></td> <td>Like/interest </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Suke/Gelekek</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Ketawa</i></span></td> <td>Laugh </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ghetek/Etek/Jugok</i></span>(often shortened to just <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">gok</i></span>)</td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Juga</i></span></td> <td>Also </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Gok</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Kandang</i></span></td> <td>Cage </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Hok</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Yang</i></span></td> <td>Conjunction, similar to 'which'. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Kabo/Royak</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Beritahu</i></span></td> <td>To tell </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Tak Mboh/Amboh</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Tidak mahu</i></span></td> <td>Do not want </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Tido/Jeretoh</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Tidur</i></span></td> <td>Sleep </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Babey/Gong/Kerah Keng</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Degil</i></span></td> <td>Stubborn </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Sokmo</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Selalu</i></span></td> <td>Always </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Pitih/Yya/Ghiya</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Duit/Wang</i></span></td> <td>Money </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Dok</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Tidak</i></span></td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ho/Ye</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Ya</i></span></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ghetok</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Jambatan</i></span></td> <td>Bridge </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Bekeng</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Garang</i></span></td> <td>Pugnacious </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ape Kabo/Guane Gamok</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Apa Khabar?</i></span></td> <td>How are you? </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Tagak/Igak</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Tangkap</i></span></td> <td>Catch </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Nyenyeh/Nganjing</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Ejek</i></span></td> <td>Insulting </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Mmusang</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Panas Baran</i></span></td> <td>Hot-tempered </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ghalik</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Leka</i></span></td> <td>Preoccupied </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Dok ghok</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Letih</i></span></td> <td>Tired </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Supik/Jabir</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Kantung Plastik</i></span></td> <td>Plastic bag </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Saing</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Kawan</i></span></td> <td>Friend </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Dang</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sempat</i></span></td> <td>Make it </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Nellang/Tebeng</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Berani</i></span></td> <td>Brave </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Keghek</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Kerap</i></span></td> <td>Many times </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Bang</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Azan</i></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adhan" title="Adhan">Adhan</a> (Islamic call to prayer) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Doksoh/Soh Beng</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Jangan</i></span></td> <td>Do not </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Kupik</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Kedekut</i></span></td> <td>Stingy </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Lok</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Biar</i></span></td> <td>Let </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ce/Tra</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Cuba</i></span></td> <td>Try </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Lening</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sekarang</i></span></td> <td>Today </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Tubek</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Keluar</i></span></td> <td>Out </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ping/Peng</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Ais/Es</i></span></td> <td>Ice (refers to ice cubes in water) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Letok/Skung</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Letak</i></span></td> <td>Put </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Tohok</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Buang</i></span></td> <td>Throw away </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Khabak/Kabak</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Panjat</i></span></td> <td>Climb </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Lepo/Plekong/Petong</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Lempar</i></span></td> <td>Throw </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Sapa</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sampai</i></span></td> <td>Arrive </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Kekgi</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Nanti</i></span></td> <td>Later </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Doktong</i></span>, <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Liwo-liwo</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Berjalan-jalan</i></span>, <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Bersiar-siar</i></span></td> <td>Stroll, trip, travel </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Cendéng</i></span></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Gagal</i></span></td> <td>Fail </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Intensifier </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: center;">Standard Malay </th> <th style="text-align: center;">Terengganu Malay </th> <th style="text-align: center;">English </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sangat Putih</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Puteh Lepuk/Sepuk</i></span></td> <td>Very white </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sangat Hitam</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Itang Beletung/Belegang</i></span></td> <td>Very dark </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sangat Merah</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Meroh Nyale/Merang</i></span></td> <td>Very red </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sangat Kuning</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Kuning Sio</i></span></td> <td>Very yellow </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sangat Busuk</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Busuk Kohong/Bango/Hapok</i></span></td> <td>Very smelly </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sangat Hancing</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Hacing Pering</i></span></td> <td>Very stenchy </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sangat Hanyir</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Hanyey Mekok</i></span></td> <td>Very fishy </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sangat Wangi</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Wangi Mekok</i></span></td> <td>Very fragrant </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sangat Tengik</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Tengik Bango</i></span></td> <td>Very rancid </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sangat Masin</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Masing Pekok/Rebing</i></span></td> <td>Very salty </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sangat Manis</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Manih Letting</i></span></td> <td>Very sweet </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sangat Tawar</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Tawo Hebe</i></span></td> <td>Very tasteless </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sangat Pahit</td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Pahik Lepang</i></span></td> <td>Very bitter </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sangat Masam</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Masang Rebang</i></span></td> <td>Very sour </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Numerals </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: center;">Standard Malay </th> <th style="text-align: center;">Terengganu Malay </th> <th style="text-align: center;">English </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Satu</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Se</i></span></td> <td>One </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Dua</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Duwe</i></span></td> <td>Two </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Tiga</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Tige</i></span></td> <td>Three </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Empat</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Pak</i></span></td> <td>Four </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Lima</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Lime</i></span></td> <td>Five </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Enam</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Nang</i></span></td> <td>Six </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Tujuh</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Tujoh</i></span></td> <td>Seven </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Lapan</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Lapang</i></span></td> <td>Eight </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sembilan</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Smilang/Mmilang</i></span></td> <td>Nine </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sepuluh</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Spuloh/Ppuloh</i></span></td> <td>Ten </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Seratus</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Sratoh</i></span></td> <td>One hundred </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Seribu</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Sribu</i></span></td> <td>One thousand </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sejuta</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Sjuta</i></span></td> <td>One million </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Animals </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: center;">Standard Malay </th> <th style="text-align: center;">Terengganu Malay </th> <th style="text-align: center;">English </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Ayam</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ayang</i></span></td> <td>Chicken </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Buaya</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Boye</i></span></td> <td>Crocodile </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Obor-Obor</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Apa-Apa</i></span></td> <td>Jellyfish </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Ikan Tongkol</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ikang Aye</i></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Euthynnus_affinis" title="Euthynnus affinis">Euthynnus affinis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Ikan Cencaru</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ikang Kerah Ekor</i></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_scad" title="Torpedo scad">Torpedo scad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Ikan Pelaga</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ikang Sekila/Skila</i></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siamese_fighting_fish" title="Siamese fighting fish">Fighting fish</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Labah-labah</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Llabe</i></span></td> <td>Spider </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Lintah</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Litoh</i></span></td> <td>Slug </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Biawak Air</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Bewok Riang</i></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_water_monitor" title="Asian water monitor">Asian Water Monitor Lizard</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Kerbau</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Kuba/Kubo</i></span> (in Inland Terengganu)</td> <td>Buffalo </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Kumbang</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Kkabo</i></span></td> <td>Beetle </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Semut Merah</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Semuk Gata</i></span></td> <td>Fire ant </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Ular</i></span></td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ulo</i></span></td> <td>Snake </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Harimau</i></span> </td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Rima</i></span> </td> <td>Tiger </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Singa</i></span> </td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Singe</i></span> </td> <td>Lion </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Lipas</i></span> </td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Lipah</i></span> </td> <td>Cockroach </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Gajah</i></span> </td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ghajoh</i></span> </td> <td>Elephant </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Burung Helang</i></span> </td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Burong Siwoh</i></span> </td> <td>Eagle </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Biawak</i></span> </td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Bewok</i></span> </td> <td>Monitor lizard </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Tupai</i></span> </td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Tupa</i></span> </td> <td>Squirrel </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Katak</i></span> </td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Katok</i></span> (not to be mistaken with a Terengganuan homonym, which means 'to strike') </td> <td>Frog </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Kelekatu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Katu</i></span> </td> <td>Termite alates </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Anai-Anai</i></span> </td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ana-Ana</i></span> </td> <td>Termite </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Sotong</i></span> </td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Sutong</i></span> </td> <td>Squid </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Kura-kura</i></span> </td> <td><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Kure</i></span> </td> <td>Tortoise/Turtle </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Terengganuan_phrases">Notable Terengganuan phrases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notable Terengganuan phrases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Starang baroh</i></span> means 'really', a popular phrase used to show or express something that is really serious or true. </p><p>Example: <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Ambe dok tau starang baroh</i></span>, as opposed to Standard Malay or West coast Malay dialects: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Saya memang tak tahu langsung.</i></span> </p><p>Another famous Terengganuan Malay phrase is <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Senyung sokmo</i></span> which means <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Senyum selalu</i></span> in standard Malay and 'Smile always' in English. It is widely used by Terengganu people to wish other people well and to brighten their days. </p><p><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Dokrok cettong</i></span> denotes two situations whereby one is totally exhausted or someone who is very weak.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="only one of these is a situation (December 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_text">Sample text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sample text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Terengganu Malay:</b> </p><p><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Budok-budok lening koho dok kena makanang tradisi, sohbeng kate kuey, nasik pong ttuko bimbo lagi, nok wak guane makanang lening modeng blake, oghang mude tak mboh belajo duk ngarak ke oghang tue sokmo.</i></span> </p><p><b>Standard Malay:</b> </p><p><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Budak-budak sekarang semakin tak kenal makanan tradisi, jangan kata kuih, nasi pun masih tertukar lagi, nak buat macam mana makanan sekarang semua moden, orang muda tak nak belajar selalu mengharap ke orang-orang tua.</i></span> </p><p><b>English</b> </p><p>'Kids today don't know about traditional foods, it's not just traditional cakes, even the rice as well, what can we do all foods these days are modern, younger generations don't want to learn always rely on old people.' </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output 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cs1">Junaini Kasdan (January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333868099">"Dialek Terengganu dalam Penyampaian Dakwah: Analisis Sosiokognitif (Terengganu Dialect in Preaching of Da'wah: A Socio-Cognitive Analysis)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17576%2Fjatma-2018-0603-03">10.17576/jatma-2018-0603-03</a> (inactive 1 November 2024).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dialek+Terengganu+dalam+Penyampaian+Dakwah%3A+Analisis+Sosiokognitif+%28Terengganu+Dialect+in+Preaching+of+Da%27wah%3A+A+Socio-Cognitive+Analysis%29&rft.date=2018-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17576%2Fjatma-2018-0603-03&rft.au=Junaini+Kasdan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F333868099&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerengganu+Malay" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2016</span> – via slideshare.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kajian+Dialek+Trengganu&rft.date=2013-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fnazarinanawawi%2Fkajian-dialek-trengganu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerengganu+Malay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TRDI_News-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TRDI_News_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trdi.my/glosari-dialek-hulu-terengganu-dibukukan">"Glosari Dialek Hulu Terengganu Dibukukan"</a>. <i>TRDI News</i> (in Malay). 17 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TRDI+News&rft.atitle=Glosari+Dialek+Hulu+Terengganu+Dibukukan&rft.date=2017-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trdi.my%2Fglosari-dialek-hulu-terengganu-dibukukan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerengganu+Malay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRencana2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rencana (14 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220648/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/rencana/article/orang-besut-anak-terengganu-kelantan-pelihara-mohd-izzuddin-ramli">"Orang Besut: Anak Terengganu, Kelantan Pelihara? – Mohd Izzuddin Ramli"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Malaysian_Insider" title="The Malaysian Insider">The Malaysian Insider</a></i> (in Malay). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/rencana/article/orang-besut-anak-terengganu-kelantan-pelihara-mohd-izzuddin-ramli">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Malaysian+Insider&rft.atitle=Orang+Besut%3A+Anak+Terengganu%2C+Kelantan+Pelihara%3F+%E2%80%93+Mohd+Izzuddin+Ramli&rft.date=2013-07-14&rft.au=Rencana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsider.com%2Frencana%2Farticle%2Forang-besut-anak-terengganu-kelantan-pelihara-mohd-izzuddin-ramli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerengganu+Malay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043654/http://apps.water.gov.my/jpskomuniti/dokumen/BESUT_PROFIL_JUN_2012.pdf">"Profil Daerah: JPS Daerah Besut"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Department of Irrigation and Drainage</i> (in Malay). 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.water.gov.my/jpskomuniti/dokumen/BESUT_PROFIL_JUN_2012.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage&rft.atitle=Profil+Daerah%3A+JPS+Daerah+Besut&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.water.gov.my%2Fjpskomuniti%2Fdokumen%2FBESUT_PROFIL_JUN_2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerengganu+Malay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/169878918/Subdialek-Terengganu#">"Subdialek Terengganu"</a> (in Malay).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Subdialek+Terengganu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F169878918%2FSubdialek-Terengganu%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerengganu+Malay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.lotpublications.nl/Documents/651_fulltext.pdf">https://www.lotpublications.nl/Documents/651_fulltext.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJiang_Wu2023" class="citation book cs1">Jiang Wu (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/3642470"><i>Malayic varieties of Kelantan and Terengganu</i></a>. Amsterdam: LOT Publications. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.48273%2FLOT0651">10.48273/LOT0651</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-6093-436-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-6093-436-0"><bdi>978-94-6093-436-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malayic+varieties+of+Kelantan+and+Terengganu&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=LOT+Publications&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.48273%2FLOT0651&rft.isbn=978-94-6093-436-0&rft.au=Jiang+Wu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl%2Fhandle%2F1887%2F3642470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerengganu+Malay" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terengganu_Malay&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ensiklopedia Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Melayu, DBP Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visit-terengganu.net%2Floghat-terengganu%2F&ei=2NRaTYyrNoLtrQfi7_WuDA&usg=AFQjCNEImz5sXL2sL7g48dcRb_kANX6haQ">Loghat Terengganu | Terengganu</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170220175602/http://acn.com.ve/">Archived</a> 20 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110309024729/http://www.bahasa-malaysia-simple-fun.com/terengganu.html">Bahasa Malaysia Simple Fun – Terengganu Malay Language</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Terengganu" title="Kuala Terengganu">Kuala Terengganu</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Terengganu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Outline of Terengganu (page does not exist)">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_of_Terengganu-related_articles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Index of Terengganu-related articles (page does not exist)">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Terengganu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Terengganu (page does not exist)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Terengganu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitution of Terengganu (page does not exist)">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Terengganu" title="Elections in Terengganu">Elections</a></li> <li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_State_Executive_Council" title="Terengganu State Executive Council">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Terengganu" title="Sultan of Terengganu">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menteri_Besar_of_Terengganu" title="Menteri Besar of Terengganu">Menteri Besar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Terengganu State Legislative Assembly">Legislative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_Terengganu" title="Template:Geography of Terengganu">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_in_Terengganu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary in Terengganu (page does not exist)">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Terengganu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Terengganu (page does not exist)">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Terengganu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Terengganu (page does not exist)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Terengganu" title="List of people from Terengganu">Terengganuans</a></li> <li>Symbols <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_State_Anthem" title="Terengganu State Anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Terengganu" title="Flag and coat of arms of Terengganu">Flag and coat of arms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Terengganu" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Terengganu">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Terengganuan_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Terengganuan culture (page does not exist)">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Terengganu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Terengganu (page does not exist)">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Terengganu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Terengganu">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganuan_Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Terengganuan Malay people">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Terengganu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economy of Terengganu (page does not exist)">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Terengganu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Terengganu (page does not exist)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Terengganu" title="Category:Politics of Terengganu">Politics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative<br />divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besut_District" title="Besut District">Besut District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungun_District" title="Dungun District">Dungun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulu_Terengganu_District" title="Hulu Terengganu District">Hulu Terengganu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemaman_District" title="Kemaman District">Kemaman District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Nerus_District" title="Kuala Nerus District">Kuala Nerus District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Terengganu_District" title="Kuala Terengganu District">Kuala Terengganu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marang_District" title="Marang District">Marang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setiu_District" title="Setiu District">Setiu District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajil_(town)" title="Ajil (town)">Ajil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Al-Muktafi_Billah_Shah" title="Bandar Al-Muktafi Billah Shah">Bandar Al-Muktafi Billah Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Ketengah_Jaya" title="Bandar Ketengah Jaya">Bandar Ketengah Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Permaisuri" title="Bandar Permaisuri">Bandar Permaisuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Bandi" title="Bandar Seri Bandi">Bandar Seri Bandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Rakit" title="Batu Rakit">Batu Rakit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Besi" title="Bukit Besi">Bukit Besi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Payong" title="Bukit Payong">Bukit Payong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukai" title="Chukai">Chukai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabur" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabur">Jabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerangau" title="Jerangau">Jerangau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jertih" class="mw-redirect" title="Jertih">Jertih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Raja" title="Kampung Raja">Kampung Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemasik" title="Kemasik">Kemasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedai_Buluh" title="Kedai Buluh">Kedai Buluh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerteh" title="Kerteh">Kerteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kijal" title="Kijal">Kijal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Besut" title="Kuala Besut">Kuala Besut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Berang" title="Kuala Berang">Kuala Berang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Dungun" title="Kuala Dungun">Kuala Dungun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Jeneris" title="Kuala Jeneris">Kuala Jeneris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Telemung" title="Kuala Telemung">Kuala Telemung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marang,_Terengganu" title="Marang, Terengganu">Marang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchang" title="Merchang">Merchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paka,_Malaysia" title="Paka, Malaysia">Paka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Raja" title="Pasir Raja">Pasir Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rantau_Abang" title="Rantau Abang">Rantau Abang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasau_Kerteh" title="Rasau Kerteh">Rasau Kerteh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Tong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Tong (page does not exist)">Sungai Tong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Kalung" class="mw-redirect" title="Teluk Kalung">Teluk Kalung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakaf_Tapai" title="Wakaf Tapai">Wakaf Tapai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Townships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alam_Serada" title="Alam Serada">Alam Serada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rantau_Petronas" title="Rantau Petronas">Rantau Petronas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jenagur" title="Jenagur">Jenagur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Tok_Imam_Lapar" title="Kampung Tok Imam Lapar">Kampung Tok Imam Lapar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang_Midin" title="Padang Midin">Padang Midin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusila" title="Rusila">Rusila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seberang_Takir" title="Seberang Takir">Seberang Takir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekayu,_Malaysia" title="Sekayu, Malaysia">Sekayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Bari" title="Sungai Bari">Sungai Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakaf_Mempelam" title="Wakaf Mempelam">Wakaf Mempelam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidong_Island" title="Bidong Island">Bidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duyong_Island" title="Duyong Island">Duyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapas_Island" title="Kapas Island">Kapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lang_Tengah_Island" title="Lang Tengah Island">Lang Tengah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perhentian_Islands" title="Perhentian Islands">Perhentian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redang_Island" title="Redang Island">Redang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenggol_Island" title="Tenggol Island">Tenggol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Man" title="Wan Man">Wan Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terengganu" class="extiw" title="commons:Terengganu">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Terengganu" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Terengganu">Wikisource</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Terengganu" title="Category:Terengganu">Category</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Malaysia310" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Languages of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Languages of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Malaysia310" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malaysia" title="Languages of Malaysia">Languages of Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Official30" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malay" title="Malaysian Malay">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_English" title="Malaysian English">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_and_Malaysian_English_differences" title="British and Malaysian English differences">comparison with British English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Families</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aslian_languages" title="Aslian languages">Aslian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_North_Borneo_languages#North_Bornean" title="Greater North Borneo languages">North Bornean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayan%E2%80%93Murik_languages" title="Kayan–Murik languages">Kayan–Murik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Dayak_languages" title="Land Dayak languages">Land Dayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama%E2%80%93Bajaw_languages" title="Sama–Bajaw languages">Sama–Bajaw</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Tai-Kadai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tai_languages" title="Tai languages">Tai</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">Natives</a> &<br /><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_language" title="Indigenous language">Indigenous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationwide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular<br />Malaysia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batek_language" title="Batek language">Batek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheq_Wong_language" title="Cheq Wong language">Cheq Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duano%CA%BC_language" title="Duanoʼ language">Duanoʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jah_Hut_language" title="Jah Hut language">Jah Hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahai_language" title="Jahai language">Jahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakun_language" title="Jakun language">Jakun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedek_language" title="Jedek language">Jedek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor%E2%80%93Riau_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johor–Riau Malay (page does not exist)">Johor–Riau Malay</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johor Malay (page does not exist)">Johor Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malacca Malay (page does not exist)">Malacca Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selangor_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selangor Malay (page does not exist)">Selangor Malay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malay" title="Judeo-Malay">Judeo-Malay</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Kedah Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan-Pattani_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelantan-Pattani Malay">Kelantan-Pattani Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenaboi_language" title="Kenaboi language">Kenaboi</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensiu_language" title="Kensiu language">Kensiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintaq_language" title="Kintaq language">Kintaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristang_language" title="Kristang language">Kristang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanoh_language" title="Lanoh language">Lanoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah_Meri_language" title="Mah Meri language">Mah Meri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minriq_language" title="Minriq language">Minriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mintil_language" title="Mintil language">Mintil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_Malay" title="Negeri Sembilan Malay">Negeri Sembilan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten%27edn" title="Ten'edn">Mos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Kanaq_language" title="Orang Kanaq language">Orang Kanaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Seletar_language" title="Orang Seletar language">Orang Seletar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Malay" title="Pahang Malay">Pahang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_Malay" title="Perak Malay">Perak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reman_Malay" title="Reman Malay">Reman Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sab%C3%BCm_language" title="Sabüm language">Sabüm</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semai_language" title="Semai language">Semai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaq_Beri_language" title="Semaq Beri language">Semaq Beri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semelai_language" title="Semelai language">Semelai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnam_language" title="Semnam language">Semnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Thai_language" title="Southern Thai language">Southern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temiar_language" title="Temiar language">Temiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temoq_language" title="Temoq language">Temoq</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temuan_language" title="Temuan language">Temuan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Terengganu Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wila%27_language" title="Wila' language">Wila'</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East<br />Malaysia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abai_language" title="Abai language">Abai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahau_language" title="Bahau language">Bahau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajau_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajau language">Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belait_language" title="Belait language">Belait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berawan_language" title="Berawan language">Berawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biatah_language" title="Biatah language">Biatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintulu_language" title="Bintulu language">Bintulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonggi_language" title="Bonggi language">Bonggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookan_language" title="Bookan language">Bookan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Malay" title="Brunei Malay">Bruneian/Kedayan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Bisaya_language" title="Brunei Bisaya language">Brunei Bisaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukar%E2%80%93Sadong_language" title="Bukar–Sadong language">Bukar–Sadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukitan_language" title="Bukitan language">Bukitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Kadazan_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Kadazan dialect">Coastal Kadazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daro-Matu_language" title="Daro-Matu language">Daro-Matu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumpas_language" title="Dumpas language">Dumpas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusun_language" title="Dusun language">Dusun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Kadazan_language" title="Eastern Kadazan language">Eastern Kadazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gana%CA%BC_language" title="Ganaʼ language">Ganaʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida%27an_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida'an language">Ida'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagoi_language" title="Jagoi language">Jagoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangkang_language" title="Jangkang language">Jangkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajaman_language" title="Kajaman language">Kajaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalabakan_language" title="Kalabakan language">Kalabakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanowit_language" title="Kanowit language">Kanowit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayan_language_(Borneo)" title="Kayan language (Borneo)">Kayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelabit_language" title="Kelabit language">Kelabit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendayan_language" title="Kendayan language">Kendayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keningau_Murut_language" title="Keningau Murut language">Keningau Murut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinabatangan_language" title="Kinabatangan language">Kinabatangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiput_language" title="Kiput language">Kiput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klias_River_Kadazan_language" title="Klias River Kadazan language">Klias River Kadazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Marudu_Talantang_language" title="Kota Marudu Talantang language">Kota Marudu Talantang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuijau_language" title="Kuijau language">Kuijau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahanan_language" title="Lahanan language">Lahanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelak_language" title="Lelak language">Lelak</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengilu_language" title="Lengilu language">Lengilu</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotud_language" title="Lotud language">Lotud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lun_Bawang_language" title="Lun Bawang language">Lun Bawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_Kenyah_language" title="Mainstream Kenyah language">Mainstream Kenyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanau_language" title="Melanau language">Melanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momogun_language" title="Momogun language">Momogun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murik_Kayan_language" title="Murik Kayan language">Murik Kayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narom_language" title="Narom language">Narom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonukan_Tidong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonukan Tidong language">Nonukan Tidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okolod_language" title="Okolod language">Okolod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paluan_language" title="Paluan language">Paluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papar_language" title="Papar language">Papar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah-Biau_Punan_language" title="Bah-Biau Punan language">Punan Bah-Biau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punan_Batu_language" title="Punan Batu language">Punan Batu</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penan_language" title="Penan language">Penan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remun_language" title="Remun language">Remun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ban_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'ban language">Sa'ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Bisaya_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabah Bisaya language">Sabah Bisaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama language">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Malay" title="Sarawak Malay">Sarawak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebop_language" title="Sebop language">Sebop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekapan_language" title="Sekapan language">Sekapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selungai_Murut_language" title="Selungai Murut language">Selungai Murut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sembakung_language" title="Sembakung language">Sembakung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seru_language" title="Seru language">Seru</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serudung_language" title="Serudung language">Serudung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sian_language" title="Sian language">Sian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_language" title="Sungai language">Sungai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagol_language" title="Tagol language">Tagol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timugon_language" title="Timugon language">Timugon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombonuwo_language" title="Tombonuwo language">Tombonuwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tring_language" title="Tring language">Tring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tringgus_language" title="Tringgus language">Tringgus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutoh_language" title="Tutoh language">Tutoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukit_language" title="Ukit language">Ukit</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma%CA%BC_Lasan_language" title="Umaʼ Lasan language">Umaʼ Lasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Significant<br />minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Cantonese" title="Malaysian Cantonese">Malaysian Cantonese</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern Min</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing_dialect" title="Fuqing dialect">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu-Xian_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu-Xian Min">Pu-Xian Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Peninsular_Malaysian_Hokkien" title="Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien">Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Hokkien" title="Penang Hokkien">Penang Hokkien</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoshan_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoshan Min">Chaoshan Min</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Mandarin" title="Malaysian Mandarin">Malaysian Mandarin</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Tamil" title="Malaysian Tamil">Malaysian Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesian<br />archipelago</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_language" title="Acehnese language">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjarese_language" title="Banjarese language">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_language" title="Madurese language">Madurese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bawean_language" title="Bawean language">Bawean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerinci_language" title="Kerinci language">Kerinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandailing_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandailing language">Mandailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_language" title="Minangkabau language">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawa_(tribe)#Dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Rawa (tribe)">Rawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philippine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_language" title="Iranun language">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranao_language" title="Maranao language">Maranao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molbog_language" title="Molbog language">Molbog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Suluk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cham_language" title="Cham language">Cham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">Creoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chavacano" title="Chavacano">Chavacano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristang_language" title="Kristang language">Kristang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manglish" title="Manglish">Manglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages" title="Malay trade and creole languages">Malay trade and creole languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Baba Malay">Baba Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Chetty_creole_language" title="Malay Chetty creole language">Chetty Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Malay" title="Cocos Malay">Cocos Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabah Malay">Sabah Malay</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed & Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rojak" title="Bahasa Rojak">Rojak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanglish" title="Tanglish">Tanglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_in_Malaysia" title="Esperanto in Malaysia">Esperanto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">Immigrants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of East Timor">East Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Indonesian_and_Standard_Malay" title="Comparison of Indonesian and Standard Malay">comparison with Malaysian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Languages of Sri Lanka">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Signs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Sign_Language" title="Malaysian Sign Language">Malaysian Sign Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manually_Coded_Malay" title="Manually Coded Malay">Manually Coded Malay</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Sign_Language" title="Penang Sign Language">Penang Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangor_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Selangor Sign Language">Selangor Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Extinct languages</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Nearly extinct languages</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages514" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Template:Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Template talk:Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages514" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages#Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Sumbawan_languages" title="Malayo-Sumbawan languages">Malayo-Sumbawan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Sundanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bantenese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantenese language">Bantenese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baduy_language" title="Baduy language">Baduy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Madurese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kangean_language" title="Kangean language">Kangean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_language" title="Madurese language">Madurese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Malayo-Chamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chamic_languages" title="Chamic languages">Chamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_language" title="Acehnese language">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_language" title="Cham language">Cham dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chru_language" title="Chru language">Chru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haroi_language" title="Haroi language">Haroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarai_language" title="Jarai language">Jarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rade_language" title="Rade language">Rade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roglai_language" title="Roglai language">Roglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsat_language" title="Tsat language">Tsat</a> (Utsat)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamayo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamayo language">Bamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Banjar language">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Malay" title="Brunei Malay">Brunei/Kedayan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berau_Malay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Berau Malay language">Berau Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Malay" title="Bangka Malay">Bangka Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengkulu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengkulu language">Bengkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col_language" title="Col language">Col</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duano%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Duano' language">Duano'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_language" title="Haji language">Haji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambi_Malay" title="Jambi Malay">Jambi Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakun_language" title="Jakun language">Jakun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Kedah Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutai_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutai Malay">Kutai Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaur_language" title="Kaur language">Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerinci_language" title="Kerinci language">Kerinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan-Pattani_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelantan-Pattani Malay">Kelantan-Pattani Malay</a> (Yawi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendayan_language" title="Kendayan language">Kendayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keninjal_language" title="Keninjal language">Keninjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubu_language" title="Kubu language">Kubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loncong_language" title="Loncong language">Orang Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubu_language" title="Lubu language">Lubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a> & <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_language" title="Minangkabau language">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musi_language" title="Musi language">Musi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mualang_language" title="Mualang language">Mualang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Kanaq_language" title="Orang Kanaq language">Orang Kanaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Seletar_language" title="Orang Seletar language">Orang Seletar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Malay" title="Pahang Malay">Pahang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekal_language" title="Pekal language">Pekal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_Malay" title="Perak Malay">Perak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remun_language" title="Remun language">Remun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Malay" title="Sarawak Malay">Sarawak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seberuang_language" title="Seberuang language">Seberuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temuan_language" title="Temuan language">Temuan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Terengganu Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urak_Lawoi%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urak Lawoi' language">Urak Lawoi'</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bali%E2%80%93Sasak_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bali–Sasak languages">Bali–Sasak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_language" title="Balinese language">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasak_language" title="Sasak language">Sasak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbawa_language" title="Sumbawa language">Sumbawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Sumatra%E2%80%93Barrier_Islands_languages" title="Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages">Northwest Sumatra–<br />Barrier Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enggano_language" title="Enggano language">Enggano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayo_language" title="Gayo language">Gayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentawai_language" title="Mentawai language">Mentawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nias_language" title="Nias language">Nias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikule_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikule language">Sikule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeulue_language" title="Simeulue language">Simeulue</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Batak25" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_languages" title="Batak languages">Batak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alas_language" title="Alas language">Alas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Angkola_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Angkola language">Batak Angkola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Dairi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Dairi language">Batak Dairi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Karo_language" title="Batak Karo language">Batak Karo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Simalungun_language" title="Batak Simalungun language">Batak Simalungun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Batak_language" title="Toba Batak language">Batak Toba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandailing_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandailing language">Mandailing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lampung_language" title="Lampung language">Lampungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lampung Api</li> <li>Lampung Nyo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komering_language" title="Komering language">Komering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celebic_languages" title="Celebic languages">Celebic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andio_language" title="Andio language">Andio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Badaic language">Badaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahonsuai_language" title="Bahonsuai language">Bahonsuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaesang_language" title="Balaesang language">Balaesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balantak_language" title="Balantak language">Balantak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banggai_language" title="Banggai language">Banggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batui_language" title="Batui language">Batui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boano_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Boano language (Sulawesi)">Boano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobongko_language" title="Bobongko language">Bobongko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonerate_language" title="Bonerate language">Bonerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungku_language" title="Bungku language">Bungku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busoa_language" title="Busoa language">Busoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cia-Cia_language" title="Cia-Cia language">Cia-Cia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampelas_language" title="Dampelas language">Dampelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dondo_language_(Austronesian)" title="Dondo language (Austronesian)">Dondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalao_language" title="Kalao language">Kalao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_language" title="Kaili language">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaimbulawa_language" title="Kaimbulawa language">Kaimbulawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaru_language" title="Kamaru language">Kamaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodeoha_language" title="Kodeoha language">Kodeoha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulisusu_language" title="Kulisusu language">Kulisusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbewaha_language" title="Kumbewaha language">Kumbewaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasalimu_language" title="Lasalimu language">Lasalimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyolo_language" title="Laiyolo language">Laiyolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauje_language" title="Lauje language">Lauje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liabuku_language" title="Liabuku language">Liabuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbelala_language" title="Mbelala language">Mbelala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moronene_language" title="Moronene language">Moronene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Bawah_language" title="Mori Bawah language">Mori Bawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Atas_language" title="Mori Atas language">Mori Atas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moma_language" title="Moma language">Moma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muna_language" title="Muna language">Muna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padoe_language" title="Padoe language">Padoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancana_language" title="Pancana language">Pancana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendau_language" title="Pendau language">Pendau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahambuu_language" title="Rahambuu language">Rahambuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampi_language" title="Rampi language">Rampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluan_language" title="Saluan language">Saluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarudu_language" title="Sarudu language">Sarudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedoa_language" title="Sedoa language">Sedoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamona_language" title="Pamona language">Pamona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taje_language" title="Taje language">Taje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajio_language" title="Tajio language">Tajio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukang_Besi_language" title="Tukang Besi language">Tukang Besi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolaki_language" title="Tolaki language">Tolaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomadino_language" title="Tomadino language">Tomadino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topoiyo_language" title="Topoiyo language">Topoiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomini_language" title="Tomini language">Tomini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totoli_language" title="Totoli language">Totoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_language" title="Uma language">Uma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waru_language" title="Waru language">Waru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawonii_language" title="Wawonii language">Wawonii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolio_language" title="Wolio language">Wolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotu_language" title="Wotu language">Wotu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi_languages" title="South Sulawesi languages">South Sulawesi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aralle-Tabulahan_language" title="Aralle-Tabulahan language">Aralle-Tabulahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambam_language" title="Bambam language">Bambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentong_language" title="Bentong language">Bentong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budong-Budong_language" title="Budong-Budong language">Budong-Budong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campalagian_language" title="Campalagian language">Campalagian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Konjo_language" title="Coastal Konjo language">Coastal Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakka_language" title="Dakka language">Dakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duri_language" title="Duri language">Duri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embaloh_language" title="Embaloh language">Embaloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrekang_language" title="Enrekang language">Enrekang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Konjo_language" title="Highland Konjo language">Highland Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalumpang_language" title="Kalumpang language">Kalumpang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemolang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemolang language">Lemolang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiwa_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Maiwa language (Sulawesi)">Maiwa (Sulawesi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malimpung_language" title="Malimpung language">Malimpung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamasa_language" title="Mamasa language">Mamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamuju_language" title="Mamuju language">Mamuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandar_language" title="Mandar language">Mandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasuan_language" title="Panasuan language">Panasuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannei_language" title="Pannei language">Pannei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selayar_language" title="Selayar language">Selayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Padang_language" title="Seko Padang language">Seko Padang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Tengah_language" title="Seko Tengah language">Seko Tengah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tae%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tae’ language">Tae’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talondo%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Talondo’ language">Talondo’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_language_(Indonesia)" title="Taman language (Indonesia)">Taman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toraja-Sa%E2%80%99dan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Toraja-Sa’dan language">Toraja-Sa’dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulumanda%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulumanda’ language">Ulumanda’</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moklenic_languages" title="Moklenic languages">Moklenic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moken_language" title="Moken language">Moken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moklen_language" title="Moklen language">Moklen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arekan_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arekan dialect (page does not exist)">Arekan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banyumasan_dialect" title="Banyumasan dialect">Banyumasan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mataraman_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mataraman dialect (page does not exist)">Mataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawi language">Kawi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Javanese" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedu_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kedu dialect (page does not exist)">Kedu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osing_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Osing dialect">Osing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenggerese_dialect" title="Tenggerese dialect">Tenggerese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central%E2%80%93Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages">Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian</a><br />(over 700 languages)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Eastern Malayo-Polynesian groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Halmahera%E2%80%93West_New_Guinea_languages" title="South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages">South Halmahera–West New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Central Malayo-Polynesian <a href="/wiki/Linkage_(linguistics)" title="Linkage (linguistics)">linkages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aru_languages" title="Aru languages">Aru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Maluku_languages" title="Central Maluku languages">Central Maluku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kei%E2%80%93Tanimbar_languages" title="Kei–Tanimbar languages">Kei-Tanimbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowiai_language" title="Kowiai language">Kowiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selaru_languages" title="Selaru languages">Selaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumba%E2%80%93Flores_languages" title="Sumba–Flores languages">Sumba–Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teor-Kur_language" title="Teor-Kur language">Teor–Kur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoric_languages" title="Timoric languages">Timoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Damar_language" title="West Damar language">West Damar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukumina_language" title="Hukumina language">Hukumina</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_language" title="Palauan language">Palauan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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