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data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content whole type-article" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT400386_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT400386_0"></i><p> Par le terme de nuance, les Grecs indiquaient les modifications apportées à la division du tétracorde dans les deux genres mélodiques : diatonique et chromatique (l'enharmonique n'en comportant pas). Ainsi distinguait-on le syntono-diatonique et le malako-diatonique ; le toniaïo-chromatique, l'hémiolio-chromatique et le malako-chromatique.</p><p>En dynamique musicale actuelle, les nuances désignent les divers mots ou signes indiquant une variation d'intensité d'une note, d'un accord, d'une phrase, etc. En voici les principales : <em>piano</em> (<em>p</em>) ; <em>pianissimo</em> (<em>pp, ppp, pppp</em>) ; <em>mezzo-forte</em> (<em>mf</em>) ; <em>forte</em> (<em>f</em>) ; <em>fortissimo</em> (<em>ff, fff, ffff</em>) ; <em>sforzando</em> (<em>sf</em>), c'est-à-dire accentuation soudaine d'intensité. <em>Crescendo</em> et <em>diminuendo</em> (augmentation ou diminution progressive d'intensité) peuvent être indiqués soit par <em>cresc</em>. ou par <em>dim.</em>, ou bien par des signes ressemblant aux symboles mathématiques « inférieur à » (crescendo) et « supérieur à » (decrescendo), très allongés.</p><p>Dans la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La musique !... Qu'est-ce que cela veut dire ?... Il est permis de supposer que Bach aurait su tranquillement trouver la réponse à une telle question, et sans doute aussi Couperin, Lassus, Grégoire le Grand et Aristoxène. Plus près de nous, Rameau et Haydn devaient avoir quelque idée claire de la chose. Pour Mozart, cela est déjà moins sûr. Quant à Beethoven, il commence à s'interroge..." title="Article : MUSIQUE" href="/encyclopedie/musique/">musique</a> contemporaine, la multiplication des nuances atteint parfois les limites de l'exécutable ; ainsi trouve-t-on des suites d'indications opposées, telles que <em>ppp</em>, <em>ff</em>, <em>p</em>, <em>ffff</em>, affectant, dans des tempos très rapides, des notes de valeurs très courtes, se suivant à des intervalles très distants ; entre l'écriture et la réalisation, il est difficile de ne pas constater un hiatus important.</p><div class="clearfix"></div><p class="author"> — Pierre-Paul LACAS</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="T400386_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="LACAS, Pierre-Paul"><a title="Auteur : Pierre-Paul LACAS" rel="author" href="/auteurs/pierre-paul-lacas/"><strong>Pierre-Paul LACAS</strong></a> : psychanalyste, membre de la Société de psychanalyse freudienne, musicologue, président de l'Association française de défense de l'orgue ancien </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : NUANCE, musique" href="/carte-mentale/nuance-musique/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yT400386_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Musiques" href="/classification/musiques/"> Musiques </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Théorie et techniques musicales" href="/classification/musiques/theorie-et-techniques-musicales/"> Théorie et techniques musicales </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Techniques musicales" href="/classification/musiques/theorie-et-techniques-musicales/techniques-musicales/"> Techniques musicales </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Notation musicale"> <a title="Classification : Notation musicale" href="/classification/musiques/theorie-et-techniques-musicales/techniques-musicales/notation-musicale/"> Notation musicale </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT400386_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/expression-musique/"> <span class="rg">EXPRESSION, </span><em class="it">musique</em> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Juliette GARRIGUES</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 008 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>À la différence des arts plastiques, où l'œuvre est donnée une fois pour toutes, l'œuvre musicale, même écrite, se situe sur un plan temporel : n'existant que si elle est jouée, à l'instar des arts du spectacle, elle nécessite le plus souvent la réunion de plusieurs personnes – les interprètes – pour...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/ecole-de-mannheim/#c22424"> <span class="rg">MANNHEIM </span><span class="pc">ÉCOLE DE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Nicole LACHARTRE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 239 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : MANNHEIM &Eacute;COLE DE" href="/encyclopedie/ecole-de-mannheim/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/2/9/csm_ph994475_5966d42c56.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...compositions le nouveau style de Mannheim, et l'orchestre, sous sa direction, réalise le fameux crescendo d'ensemble, met en valeur les oppositions des nuances <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Dans le monde occidental, le piano est devenu, après la guitare , l'instrument le plus répandu dans le grand public. En effet, sa polyphonie et sa tessiture (possibilité de jouer plusieurs notes ensemble sur une grande étendue d'octaves) en ont fait l'instrument de base de toute éducation musicale. Le piano se suffit à lui-même et peut exprimer tous les genres. Si son succès a été c..." title="Article : PIANO" href="/encyclopedie/piano/">piano</a> et forte, avec une précision et une qualité de sonorité attestées par les témoignages émerveillés de nombreux visiteurs. Les trios et symphonies... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/notation-musicale/#c22424"> <span class="rg">NOTATION MUSICALE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Mireille HELFFER</span> et <span rel="author">Alain PÂRIS</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">5 199 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">14 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : NOTATION MUSICALE" href="/encyclopedie/notation-musicale/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Signes d'attaque - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/6/csm_v160484c_c84b90f2c8.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> Les nuances correspondent à des recherches de couleurs qui n'ont préoccupé les musiciens qu'à partir du <span class="pc">xviii</span><sup>e</sup> siècle. Elles forment une gamme qui repose sur l'opposition entre les nuances douces (ᴘF, <em>piano</em>) et les nuances fortes (ᴙ1, <em>forte</em>) avec des possibilités de transition... </div> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_f303c484f7.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item d-none d-md-inline-block"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2024 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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