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mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the legendary fictional character, see <a href="/wiki/Don_Juan" title="Don Juan">Don Juan</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Don Giovanni (disambiguation)">Don Giovanni (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><i><b>Don Giovanni</b></i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˌdɔn<span class="wrap"> </span>dʒoˈvanni]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6chel_catalogue" title="Köchel catalogue">K. 527</a>; Vienna (1788) title: <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Il dissoluto punito, ossia il Don Giovanni</i></span>, literally <i>The <a href="/wiki/Rake_(stock_character)" title="Rake (stock character)">Rake</a> Punished, or Don Giovanni</i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> in two acts with music by <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> to an Italian <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Da_Ponte" title="Lorenzo Da Ponte">Lorenzo Da Ponte</a>. Its subject is a centuries-old Spanish legend about a <a href="/wiki/Libertine" title="Libertine">libertine</a> as told by playwright <a href="/wiki/Tirso_de_Molina" title="Tirso de Molina">Tirso de Molina</a> in his 1630 play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Trickster_of_Seville_and_the_Stone_Guest" title="The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest">El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra</a></i>. It is a <i><a href="/wiki/Dramma_giocoso" title="Dramma giocoso">dramma giocoso</a></i> blending comedy, melodrama and <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> elements (although the composer entered it into his catalogue simply as <i><a href="/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">opera buffa</a></i>). It was premiered by the Prague Italian opera at the National Theatre (of Bohemia), now called the <a href="/wiki/Estates_Theatre" title="Estates Theatre">Estates Theatre</a>, on 29 October 1787.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Don Giovanni</i> is regarded as one of the greatest operas of all time,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has proved a fruitful subject for commentary in its own right; critic <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Maddocks" title="Fiona Maddocks">Fiona Maddocks</a> has described it as one of Mozart's "trio of masterpieces with librettos by Da Ponte".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-style: italic;">Don Giovanni</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Opera</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">W. A. Mozart</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Max_Slevogt_-_Der_S%C3%A4nger_Francisco_d%27Andrade_als_Don_Giovanni_in_Mozarts_Oper_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Max_Slevogt_-_Der_S%C3%A4nger_Francisco_d%27Andrade_als_Don_Giovanni_in_Mozarts_Oper_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Max_Slevogt_-_Der_S%C3%A4nger_Francisco_d%27Andrade_als_Don_Giovanni_in_Mozarts_Oper_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Max_Slevogt_-_Der_S%C3%A4nger_Francisco_d%27Andrade_als_Don_Giovanni_in_Mozarts_Oper_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Max_Slevogt_-_Der_S%C3%A4nger_Francisco_d%27Andrade_als_Don_Giovanni_in_Mozarts_Oper_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Max_Slevogt_-_Der_S%C3%A4nger_Francisco_d%27Andrade_als_Don_Giovanni_in_Mozarts_Oper_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Max_Slevogt_-_Der_S%C3%A4nger_Francisco_d%27Andrade_als_Don_Giovanni_in_Mozarts_Oper_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3204" data-file-height="4000"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_D%27Andrade" title="Francisco D'Andrade">Francisco D'Andrade</a> in the title role by <a href="/wiki/Max_Slevogt" title="Max Slevogt">Max Slevogt</a>, 1912</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other title</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Il dissoluto punito, ossia il Don Giovanni</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Librettist</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Da_Ponte" title="Lorenzo Da Ponte">Lorenzo Da Ponte</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Italian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data">The legend of <a href="/wiki/Don_Juan" title="Don Juan">Don Juan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Premiere</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline;" class="vevent">29 October 1787<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1787-10-29</span>)</span><br><div style="display:inline;" class="summary"><a href="/wiki/Estates_Theatre" title="Estates Theatre">Estates Theatre</a>, Prague</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Composition_and_premiere"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Composition and premiere</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Scoring"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Scoring</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Revision_for_Vienna"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Revision for Vienna</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Later_performance_traditions"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Later performance traditions</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Roles"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Roles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Instrumentation"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Instrumentation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Synopsis"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Synopsis</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Act_1"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Act 1</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Act_2"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Act 2</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Recordings"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Recordings</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Cultural_influence"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Cultural influence</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Don_Giovanni_and_other_composers"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Don Giovanni</i> and other composers</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Notes_and_references"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Notes and references</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Composition_and_premiere">Composition and premiere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition and premiere" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stavovsk%C3%A9_divadlo_vstup_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Stavovsk%C3%A9_divadlo_vstup_3.jpg/220px-Stavovsk%C3%A9_divadlo_vstup_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2419" data-file-height="1920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 175px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Stavovsk%C3%A9_divadlo_vstup_3.jpg/220px-Stavovsk%C3%A9_divadlo_vstup_3.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="175" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Stavovsk%C3%A9_divadlo_vstup_3.jpg/330px-Stavovsk%C3%A9_divadlo_vstup_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Stavovsk%C3%A9_divadlo_vstup_3.jpg/440px-Stavovsk%C3%A9_divadlo_vstup_3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Estates_Theatre" title="Estates Theatre">Estates Theatre</a> in Prague, venue of the world premiere of <i>Don Giovanni</i> in 1787. The theatre had opened four years earlier as the Comital Nostitz National Theatre (Gräflich Nostitzsches Nationaltheater).</figcaption></figure> <p>The opera was commissioned after the success of Mozart's trip to Prague in January and February 1787.<sup id="cite_ref-DF104_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DF104-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subject may have been chosen because the sub-genre of Don Juan opera had originated in that city.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Da_Ponte" title="Lorenzo Da Ponte">Lorenzo Da Ponte</a>'s libretto is based on <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Bertati" title="Giovanni Bertati">Giovanni Bertati</a>'s for the opera <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni_Tenorio" title="Don Giovanni Tenorio">Don Giovanni Tenorio</a></i>, which premiered in Venice early in 1787. In two aspects he copied Bertati: by opening with the Commendatore's murder and by avoiding mention of <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> (for Bertati the setting was <a href="/wiki/Villena" title="Villena">Villena</a>, Spain; Da Ponte simply writes "city in Spain").<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The opera was supposed to premiere on 14 October 1787 for Archduchess <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1767%E2%80%931827)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria (1767–1827)">Maria Theresa of Austria</a>’s visit, but it was not ready in time and <i><a href="/wiki/Le_nozze_di_Figaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Le nozze di Figaro">Le nozze di Figaro</a></i> was substituted.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozart recorded its completion, finally, on 28 October, the night before the premiere (29 October).<sup id="cite_ref-DF104_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DF104-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The opera was rapturously received, as was often true of <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_and_Prague" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Prague">Mozart's work in Prague</a>. The <i>Prager Oberpostamtzeitung</i> reported, "Connoisseurs and musicians say that Prague has never heard the like", and "the opera ... is extremely difficult to perform."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965303_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965303-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Provincialnachrichten</i> of Vienna reported, "Herr Mozart conducted in person and was welcomed joyously and jubilantly by the numerous gathering."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965304_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965304-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scoring">Scoring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Scoring" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The score calls for double <a href="/wiki/Woodwinds" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodwinds">woodwinds</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Natural_horn" title="Natural horn">horns</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpets</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">trombones</a> (alto, tenor, bass), <a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basso_continuo" title="Basso continuo">basso continuo</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Recitative" title="Recitative">recitatives</a>, and the usual <a href="/wiki/String_section" title="String section">string section</a>. The composer also specified occasional special musical effects. For the ballroom scene at the end of the first act, Mozart calls for two onstage ensembles to play separate dance music in synchronization with the pit orchestra, each of the three groups playing in its own <a href="/wiki/Metre_(music)" title="Metre (music)">metre</a> (a 3/4 <a href="/wiki/Minuet" title="Minuet">minuet</a>, a 2/4 contradanse and a fast 3/8 peasant dance), accompanying the dancing of the principal characters. In act 2, Giovanni is seen to play the <a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">mandolin</a>, accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Pizzicato" title="Pizzicato">pizzicato</a> strings. In the same act, two of the <a href="/wiki/Commander_(order)" title="Commander (order)">Commendatore</a>'s interventions ("<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Di rider finirai pria dell'aurora</span></span>" and "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Ribaldo, audace, lascia a' morti la pace</span></span>") are accompanied by a wind chorale of oboes, clarinets, <a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">bassoons</a>, and trombones (with cellos and basses playing from the string section). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revision_for_Vienna">Revision for Vienna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Revision for Vienna" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Giovanni_Playbill_Vienna_Premiere_1788.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/50/Don_Giovanni_Playbill_Vienna_Premiere_1788.jpg/220px-Don_Giovanni_Playbill_Vienna_Premiere_1788.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="413"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/50/Don_Giovanni_Playbill_Vienna_Premiere_1788.jpg/220px-Don_Giovanni_Playbill_Vienna_Premiere_1788.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/50/Don_Giovanni_Playbill_Vienna_Premiere_1788.jpg/330px-Don_Giovanni_Playbill_Vienna_Premiere_1788.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/50/Don_Giovanni_Playbill_Vienna_Premiere_1788.jpg/440px-Don_Giovanni_Playbill_Vienna_Premiere_1788.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Playbill for the 1788 Vienna premiere of <i>Don Giovanni</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Mozart also supervised the Vienna premiere of the work, which took place on 7 May <a href="/wiki/1788_in_music" title="1788 in music">1788</a>. For this production, he wrote two new arias with corresponding recitatives – Don Ottavio's aria "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Dalla sua pace</span></span>" (K. 540a, composed on 24 April for the tenor Francesco Morella), Elvira's aria "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">In quali eccessi ... Mi tradì quell'alma ingrata</span></span>" (K. 540c, composed on 30 April for the soprano <a href="/wiki/Caterina_Cavalieri" title="Caterina Cavalieri">Caterina Cavalieri</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – and the duet between Leporello and Zerlina "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Per queste tue manine</span></span>" (K. 540b, composed on 28 April). He also made some cuts in the Finale in order to make it shorter and more incisive, the most important of which is the section where Anna and Ottavio, Elvira, Zerlina and Masetto, Leporello reveal their plans for the future ("<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Or che tutti, o mio tesoro</span></span>"). In order to connect "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Ah, certo è l'ombra che l'incontrò</span></span>" ("It must have been the ghost she met") directly to the moral of the story "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Questo è il fin di chi fa mal</span></span>" ("This is the end which befalls to evildoers"), Mozart composed a different version of "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Resti dunque quel birbon fra Proserpina e Pluton!</span></span>" ("So the wretch can stay down there with <a href="/wiki/Proserpina" title="Proserpina">Proserpina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)" title="Pluto (mythology)">Pluto!</a>"). These cuts are very seldom performed in theatres or recordings.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_performance_traditions">Later performance traditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later performance traditions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The opera's final ensemble was generally omitted until the early 20th century, a tradition that apparently began very early on. According to the 19th-century Bohemian memoirist <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Kuhe" title="Wilhelm Kuhe">Wilhelm Kuhe</a>, the final ensemble was only presented at the first performance in Prague, then never heard again during the original run.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman2021286–287_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman2021286%E2%80%93287-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It does not appear in the Viennese libretto of 1788; thus the ending of the first performance in Vienna without the ensemble as depicted in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_(film)" title="Amadeus (film)">Amadeus</a></i> may be an accurate portrayal. Nonetheless, the final ensemble is almost invariably performed in full today.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Modern productions sometimes include both the original aria for Don Ottavio, "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Il_mio_tesoro" title="Il mio tesoro">Il mio tesoro</a></span></span>", and its replacement from the first production in Vienna that was crafted to suit the capabilities of the tenor Francesco Morella, "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Dalla sua pace</span></span>". Elvira's "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">In quali eccessi, o Numi ... Mi tradì quell'alma ingrata</span></span>" is usually retained as well. The duet "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Per queste tue manine</span></span>" and the whole accompanying scene involving Zerlina and Leporello from the Viennese version is almost never included.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although the same singer played both Masetto and the Commendatore roles in both the Prague and Vienna premieres, in modern-day productions, the roles are typically taken by different singers (unless limited by such things as finance or rehearsal time and space). The final scene's chorus of demons after the Commendatore's exit gives the singer time for a costume change before entering as Masetto for the sextet, though not much time.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Roles">Roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Roles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Roles, voice types, premiere casts</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Role </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">Voice type</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Prague premiere cast,<br>29 October <a href="/wiki/1787_in_music" title="1787 in music">1787</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasaglia2005_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasaglia2005-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br>Conductor: W. A. Mozart </th> <th>Vienna premiere cast,<br>7 May <a href="/wiki/1788_in_music" title="1788 in music">1788</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965313_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965313-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br>Conductor: W. A. Mozart </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan" title="Don Juan">Don Giovanni</a>, <i>a young, extremely licentious nobleman</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">baritone</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Bassi" title="Luigi Bassi">Luigi Bassi</a> </td> <td>Francesco Albertarelli </td></tr> <tr> <td>Il Commendatore </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">bass</a> </td> <td>Giuseppe Lolli </td> <td>Francesco Bussani </td></tr> <tr> <td>Donna Anna, <i>his daughter, promised in marriage to Don Ottavio</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Saporiti" title="Teresa Saporiti">Teresa Saporiti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aloysia_Weber" title="Aloysia Weber">Aloysia Weber</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Don Ottavio </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a> </td> <td>Antonio Baglioni </td> <td>Francesco Morella </td></tr> <tr> <td>Donna Elvira, <i>a lady of <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a> abandoned by Don Giovanni</i> </td> <td>soprano </td> <td>Katherina Micelli </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caterina_Cavalieri" title="Caterina Cavalieri">Caterina Cavalieri</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leporello, <i>Don Giovanni's servant</i> </td> <td>bass </td> <td>Felice Ponziani </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Benucci" title="Francesco Benucci">Francesco Benucci</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Masetto, <i>a peasant, in love with Zerlina</i> </td> <td>bass </td> <td>Giuseppe Lolli </td> <td>Francesco Bussani </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zerlina, <i>a peasant</i> </td> <td>soprano </td> <td>Caterina Bondini<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbert2007[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidl6I6BwTMJ3sCpgRA1-PA1021lpgRA1-PA1021_1021]_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbert2007%5Bhttpsbooksgooglecombooksidl6I6BwTMJ3sCpgRA1-PA1021lpgRA1-PA1021_1021%5D-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Laschi" title="Luisa Laschi">Luisa Mombelli</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><i>Chorus: peasants, servants, young ladies, musicians, demons</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Instrumentation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>The instrumentation is: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woodwind_instrument" title="Woodwind instrument">Woodwinds</a>: two <a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flutes</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboes</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinets</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">bassoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">Brass</a>: two <a href="/wiki/Natural_horn" title="Natural horn">horns</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpets</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">trombones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">Percussion</a>: <a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_section" title="String section">Strings</a>: first <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violins</a>, second violins, <a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">violas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">cellos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double basses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basso_continuo" title="Basso continuo">Basso continuo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Secco_recitative" class="mw-redirect" title="Secco recitative">secco recitatives</a> of <a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichord</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">violoncello</a> (period performance practice often uses a <a href="/wiki/Fortepiano" title="Fortepiano">fortepiano</a> only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">Mandolin</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Synopsis">Synopsis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Synopsis" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Don Giovanni, a young,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> arrogant, and sexually promiscuous nobleman, abuses and outrages everyone else in the cast until he encounters something he cannot kill, beat up, dodge, or outwit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_1">Act 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Act 1" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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.listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 50px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="50" data-height="50" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_Overt%C3%BCre.ogg" title="File:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Don Giovanni - Overtüre.ogg">Overture</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="409" data-mwtitle="Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_Overtüre.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_Overt%C3%BCre.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_Overt%C3%BCre.ogg/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_Overt%C3%BCre.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Fulda Symphonic Orchestra</div></div><hr><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_02._Notte_e_giorno_faticar_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" title="File:W. A. Mozart - Don Giovanni - 02. Notte e giorno faticar (Josef Krips, Wiener Staatsoper, 1955).ogg">"Notte e giorno faticar", "Non sperar, se non m'uccidi"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="351" data-mwtitle="W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_02._Notte_e_giorno_faticar_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_02._Notte_e_giorno_faticar_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_02._Notte_e_giorno_faticar_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_02._Notte_e_giorno_faticar_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Corena" title="Fernando Corena">Fernando Corena</a> (Leporello), <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Danco" title="Suzanne Danco">Suzanne Danco</a> (Donna Anna), <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Siepi" title="Cesare Siepi">Cesare Siepi</a> (Don Giovanni); <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Philharmonic" title="Vienna Philharmonic">Vienna Philharmonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josef_Krips" title="Josef Krips">Josef Krips</a> (1955)</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr><i class="selfreference">Problems playing these files? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Overture" title="Overture">overture</a> begins with a thundering <a href="/wiki/D_minor" title="D minor">D minor</a> cadence, followed by a short <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">misterioso</i></span> sequence which leads into a light-hearted <a href="/wiki/D_major" title="D major">D major</a> allegro. </p> <dl><dd><i>The garden of the Commendatore</i></dd></dl> <p>Leporello, Don Giovanni's servant, grumbles about his demanding master and daydreams about being free of him ("<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Notte e giorno faticar</span></span>" – "Night and day I slave away"). He is keeping watch while Don Giovanni is in the Commendatore's house attempting to seduce the Commendatore's daughter, Donna Anna.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Don Giovanni enters the garden from inside the house, pursued by Donna Anna. Don Giovanni is masked and Donna Anna tries to hold him and to unmask him, shouting for help. (Trio: "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Non sperar, se non m'uccidi, Ch'io ti lasci fuggir mai!</span></span>" – "Do not hope, unless you kill me, that I shall ever let you run away!"). He breaks free and she runs off as the Commendatore enters the garden. The Commendatore blocks Don Giovanni's path and forces him to fight a duel. Don Giovanni kills the Commendatore with his sword and escapes with Leporello. Donna Anna, returning with her fiancé, Don Ottavio, is horrified to see her father lying dead in a pool of his own blood. She makes Don Ottavio swear vengeance against the unknown murderer. (Duet: "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Ah, vendicar, se il puoi, giura quel sangue ognor!</span></span>" – "Ah, swear to avenge that blood if you can!") </p> <dl><dd><i>A public square outside Don Giovanni's palace</i></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 50px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="50" data-height="50" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_06._Madamina,_il_catalogo_%C3%A8_questo_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" title="File:W. A. Mozart - Don Giovanni - 06. Madamina, il catalogo è questo (Josef Krips, Wiener Staatsoper, 1955).ogg">"Madamina, il catalogo è questo"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="350" data-mwtitle="W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_06._Madamina,_il_catalogo_è_questo_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_06._Madamina%2C_il_catalogo_%C3%A8_questo_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_06._Madamina%2C_il_catalogo_%C3%A8_questo_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_06._Madamina%2C_il_catalogo_%C3%A8_questo_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Fernando Corena, Vienna Philharmonic, Josef Krips (1955)</div></div></div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Giovanni_0202_Michelides.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Don_Giovanni_0202_Michelides.jpg/170px-Don_Giovanni_0202_Michelides.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 254px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Don_Giovanni_0202_Michelides.jpg/170px-Don_Giovanni_0202_Michelides.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="254" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Don_Giovanni_0202_Michelides.jpg/255px-Don_Giovanni_0202_Michelides.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Don_Giovanni_0202_Michelides.jpg/340px-Don_Giovanni_0202_Michelides.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ildebrando_D%27Arcangelo" title="Ildebrando D'Arcangelo">Ildebrando D'Arcangelo</a> as Don Giovanni, <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Festival" title="Salzburg Festival">Salzburg Festival</a> 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>Leporello tells Don Giovanni that he (Giovanni) is leading a rotten life; Don Giovanni reacts angrily. They hear a woman (Donna Elvira) singing of having been abandoned by her lover, on whom she is seeking revenge ("<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Ah, chi mi dice mai</span></span>" – "Ah, who could ever tell me"). Don Giovanni starts to flirt with her, but it turns out he is the former lover she is seeking. The two recognise each other and she reproaches him bitterly. He shoves Leporello forward, ordering him to tell Donna Elvira the truth about him, and then hurries away. </p><p>Leporello tells Donna Elvira that Don Giovanni is not worth her feelings for him. He is unfaithful to everyone; his conquests include 640 women and girls in Italy, 231 in Germany, 100 in France, 91 in Turkey, but in Spain, 1,003 ("<a href="/wiki/Madamina,_il_catalogo_%C3%A8_questo" title="Madamina, il catalogo è questo">Madamina, il catalogo è questo</a>" – "My dear lady, this is the catalogue"). In a frequently cut recitative, Donna Elvira vows vengeance. </p> <dl><dd><i>The open country</i></dd></dl> <p>A marriage procession with Masetto and Zerlina enters. Don Giovanni and Leporello arrive soon after. Don Giovanni is immediately attracted to Zerlina, and he attempts to remove the jealous Masetto by offering to host a wedding celebration at his castle. On realising that Don Giovanni means to remain behind with Zerlina, Masetto becomes angry ("<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Ho capito! Signor, sì</span></span>" – "I understand! Yes, my lord!") but is forced to leave. Don Giovanni and Zerlina are soon alone and he immediately begins his seductive arts (Duet: "<a href="/wiki/L%C3%A0_ci_darem_la_mano" title="Là ci darem la mano">Là ci darem la mano</a>" – "There we will entwine our hands"). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 50px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="50" data-height="50" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_17._Dalla_sua_pace_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" title="File:W. A. Mozart - Don Giovanni - 17. Dalla sua pace (Josef Krips, Wiener Staatsoper, 1955).ogg">"Dalla sua pace"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="250" data-mwtitle="W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_17._Dalla_sua_pace_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_17._Dalla_sua_pace_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_17._Dalla_sua_pace_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_17._Dalla_sua_pace_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Dermota" title="Anton Dermota">Anton Dermota</a>, Vienna Philharmonic, Josef Krips (1955)</div></div><hr><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_19._Finch%27han_dal_vino_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" title="File:W. A. Mozart - Don Giovanni - 19. Finch'han dal vino (Josef Krips, Wiener Staatsoper, 1955).ogg">"Champagne Aria"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_4" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="82" data-mwtitle="W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_19._Finch'han_dal_vino_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_19._Finch%27han_dal_vino_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_19._Finch%27han_dal_vino_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_19._Finch%27han_dal_vino_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Cesare Siepi, Vienna Philharmonic, Josef Krips (1955)</div></div></div></div> </div> <p>Donna Elvira arrives and thwarts the seduction ("<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Ah, fuggi il traditor</span></span>" – "Flee from the traitor!"). She leaves with Zerlina. Don Ottavio and Donna Anna enter, plotting vengeance on the still unknown murderer of Donna Anna's father. Donna Anna, unaware that she is speaking to her attacker, pleads for Don Giovanni's help. Don Giovanni, relieved that he is unrecognised, readily promises it, and asks who has disturbed her peace. Before she can answer, Donna Elvira returns and tells Donna Anna and Don Ottavio that Don Giovanni is a false-hearted seducer. Don Giovanni tries to convince Don Ottavio and Donna Anna that Donna Elvira is insane (Quartet: "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Non ti fidar, o misera</span></span>" – "Don't trust him, oh sad one"). As Don Giovanni leaves, Donna Anna suddenly recognises him as her father's murderer and tells Don Ottavio the story of his intrusion, claiming that she was deceived at first because she was expecting a night visit from Don Ottavio himself, but managed to fight Don Giovanni off after discovering the impostor (long recitative exchange between Donna Anna and Don Ottavio). She repeats her demand that he avenge her and points out that he will be avenging himself as well (aria: "Or sai chi l'onore Rapire a me volse" – "Now you know who wanted to rob me of my honour"). In the Vienna version, Don Ottavio, not yet convinced (Donna Anna having only recognised Don Giovanni's voice, not seen his face), resolves to keep an eye on his friend ("<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Dalla sua pace la mia dipende</span></span>" – "On her peace my peace depends"). </p><p>Leporello informs Don Giovanni that all the guests of the peasant wedding are in Don Giovanni's house and that he distracted Masetto from his jealousy, but that Zerlina, returning with Donna Elvira, made a scene and spoiled everything. However, Don Giovanni remains cheerful and tells Leporello to organise a party and invite every girl he can find. (Don Giovanni's "Champagne Aria": "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Fin ch'han dal vino calda la testa</span></span>" – "Till they are tipsy"). They hasten to his palace. </p> <dl><dd><i>A garden outside Don Giovanni's palace</i></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 50px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="50" data-height="50" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_21._Batti,_batti,_o_bel_Masetto_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" title="File:W. A. Mozart - Don Giovanni - 21. Batti, batti, o bel Masetto (Josef Krips, Wiener Staatsoper, 1955).ogg">"Batti, batti, o bel Masetto"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_5" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="252" data-mwtitle="W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_21._Batti,_batti,_o_bel_Masetto_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_21._Batti%2C_batti%2C_o_bel_Masetto_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_21._Batti%2C_batti%2C_o_bel_Masetto_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_21._Batti%2C_batti%2C_o_bel_Masetto_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Hilde_G%C3%BCden" title="Hilde Güden">Hilde Güden</a>, Vienna Philharmonic, Josef Krips (1955)</div></div></div></div> </div> <p>Zerlina follows the jealous Masetto and tries to pacify him ("<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Batti, batti o bel Masetto</span></span>" – "Beat, O beat me, handsome Masetto"), but just as she manages to persuade him of her innocence, Don Giovanni's voice from offstage startles and frightens her. Masetto hides, resolving to see for himself what Zerlina will do when Don Giovanni arrives. Zerlina tries to hide from Don Giovanni, but he finds her and attempts to continue the seduction, until he stumbles upon Masetto's hiding place. Confused but quickly recovering, Don Giovanni reproaches Masetto for leaving Zerlina alone, and returns her temporarily to him. Don Giovanni then leads both offstage to his ballroom. Three masked guests – the disguised Don Ottavio, Donna Anna, and Donna Elvira – enter the garden. From a balcony, Leporello invites them to his master's party. They accept the invitation and Leporello leaves the balcony. Alone, Don Ottavio and Donna Anna pray for protection, Donna Elvira for vengeance (Trio: "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Protegga il giusto cielo</span></span>" – "May the just heavens protect us"). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luigi_Bassi480.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Luigi_Bassi480.jpg/170px-Luigi_Bassi480.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="319" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1313"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 319px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Luigi_Bassi480.jpg/170px-Luigi_Bassi480.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="319" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Luigi_Bassi480.jpg/255px-Luigi_Bassi480.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Luigi_Bassi480.jpg/340px-Luigi_Bassi480.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Bassi" title="Luigi Bassi">Luigi Bassi</a> in the title role of <i>Don Giovanni</i> in 1787. The mandolin music for the premiere performance was played by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Kucharz" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Baptist Kucharz">J. B. Kucharz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mednotes_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mednotes-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><i>Don Giovanni's ballroom</i></dd></dl> <p>As the merriment, featuring three separate chamber orchestras on stage, proceeds, Leporello distracts Masetto by dancing with him, while Don Giovanni leads Zerlina offstage to a private room and tries to assault her. When Zerlina screams for help, Don Giovanni drags Leporello onstage from the room, accuses Leporello of assaulting Zerlina himself, and threatens to kill him. The others are not fooled. Don Ottavio produces a pistol and points it at Don Giovanni, and the three guests unmask and declare that they know all. But despite being denounced and menaced from all sides, Don Giovanni remains calm and escapes – for the moment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_2">Act 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Act 2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <dl><dd><i>Outside Donna Elvira's house</i></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 50px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="50" data-height="50" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_27._Deh,_vieni_alla_finestra_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" title="File:W. A. Mozart - Don Giovanni - 27. Deh, vieni alla finestra (Josef Krips, Wiener Staatsoper, 1955).ogg">"Deh, vieni alla finestra"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_6" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="179" data-mwtitle="W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_27._Deh,_vieni_alla_finestra_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_27._Deh%2C_vieni_alla_finestra_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_27._Deh%2C_vieni_alla_finestra_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_27._Deh%2C_vieni_alla_finestra_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Cesare Siepi, Vienna Philharmonic, Josef Krips (1955)</div></div></div></div> </div> <p>Leporello threatens to leave Don Giovanni, but his master calms him with a peace offering of money (Duet: "Eh via buffone" – "Go on, fool"). Wanting to seduce Donna Elvira's maid, and believing that she will trust him better if he appears in lower-class clothes, Don Giovanni orders Leporello to exchange cloak and hat with him. Donna Elvira comes to her window (Trio: "Ah taci, ingiusto core" – "Ah, be quiet unjust heart"). Seeing an opportunity for a game, Don Giovanni hides and sends Leporello out in the open wearing Don Giovanni's cloak and hat. From his hiding place Don Giovanni sings a promise of repentance, expressing a desire to return to her and threatening to kill himself if she does not take him back, while Leporello poses as Don Giovanni and tries to keep from laughing. Donna Elvira, convinced, descends to the street. Leporello, continuing to pose as Don Giovanni, leads her away to keep her occupied while Don Giovanni <a href="/wiki/Serenade" title="Serenade">serenades</a> her maid with his <a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">mandolin</a>. ("Deh, vieni alla finestra" – "Ah, come to the window"). </p><p>Before Don Giovanni can complete his seduction of the maid, Masetto and his friends arrive, looking for Don Giovanni in order to kill him. Don Giovanni poses as Leporello (whose clothes he is still wearing) and joins the posse, pretending that he also hates Don Giovanni. After cunningly dispersing Masetto's friends (Don Giovanni aria: "Metà di voi qua vadano" – "Half of you go this way. the others, go that way"), Don Giovanni takes Masetto's weapons away, beats him up, and runs off, laughing. Zerlina arrives and consoles the bruised and battered Masetto ("Vedrai carino" – "You'll see, dear one"). </p> <dl><dd><i>A dark courtyard</i></dd></dl> <p>Leporello abandons Donna Elvira. (Sextet: "Sola, sola in buio loco" – "All alone in this dark place"). As he tries to escape, he bumps into Don Ottavio and Donna Anna. Zerlina and Masetto also enter the scene. Everyone mistakes Leporello for Don Giovanni, whose clothes he is still wearing. They surround Leporello and threaten to kill him. Donna Elvira tries to protect the man who she thinks is Don Giovanni, claiming him as her husband and begging the others to spare him. Leporello takes off Don Giovanni's cloak and reveals his true identity. He begs for mercy and, seeing an opportunity, runs off (Leporello aria: "Ah pietà signori miei" – "Ah, have mercy, my lords"). Don Ottavio is now convinced that Don Giovanni murdered Donna Anna's father (the deceased Commendatore). He swears vengeance ("<a href="/wiki/Il_mio_tesoro" title="Il mio tesoro">Il mio tesoro</a>" – "My treasure" – though in the Vienna version this was cut). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 50px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="50" data-height="50" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_34._In_quali_eccessi,_o_numi_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" title="File:W. A. Mozart - Don Giovanni - 34. In quali eccessi, o numi (Josef Krips, Wiener Staatsoper, 1955).ogg">"In quali eccessi ... Mi tradì quell'alma ingrata"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_7" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="365" data-mwtitle="W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_34._In_quali_eccessi,_o_numi_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_34._In_quali_eccessi%2C_o_numi_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_34._In_quali_eccessi%2C_o_numi_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_34._In_quali_eccessi%2C_o_numi_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Della_Casa" title="Lisa Della Casa">Lisa Della Casa</a>, Vienna Philharmonic, Josef Krips (1955)</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>In the Vienna production of the opera, Zerlina follows Leporello and recaptures him. Threatening him with a razor, she ties him to a stool. He attempts to sweet-talk her out of hurting him. (Duet: "Per queste tue manine" – "For these hands of yours"). Zerlina goes to find Masetto and the others; Leporello escapes again before she returns. This scene, marked by low comedy, is rarely performed today. Also in the Vienna production, Donna Elvira is still furious at Don Giovanni for betraying her, but she also feels sorry for him. ("Mi tradì quell'alma ingrata" – "That ungrateful wretch betrayed me").<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Giovanni_Act2_set_design_Prague_1790s_-_NGO_1p1205.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Don_Giovanni_Act2_set_design_Prague_1790s_-_NGO_1p1205.jpg/310px-Don_Giovanni_Act2_set_design_Prague_1790s_-_NGO_1p1205.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1817" data-file-height="1316"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 225px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Don_Giovanni_Act2_set_design_Prague_1790s_-_NGO_1p1205.jpg/310px-Don_Giovanni_Act2_set_design_Prague_1790s_-_NGO_1p1205.jpg" data-width="310" data-height="225" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Don_Giovanni_Act2_set_design_Prague_1790s_-_NGO_1p1205.jpg/465px-Don_Giovanni_Act2_set_design_Prague_1790s_-_NGO_1p1205.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Don_Giovanni_Act2_set_design_Prague_1790s_-_NGO_1p1205.jpg/620px-Don_Giovanni_Act2_set_design_Prague_1790s_-_NGO_1p1205.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption> Graveyard scene of act 2 (Prague, probably 1790s), the earliest known set-design for the opera</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><i>A graveyard with the statue of the Commendatore</i></dd></dl> <p>Don Giovanni wanders into a graveyard. Leporello arrives and the two reunite. Leporello tells Don Giovanni of his brush with danger, and Don Giovanni laughingly taunts him, saying that he took advantage of his disguise as Leporello by trying to seduce one of Leporello's girlfriends. The voice of the statue interrupts and warns Don Giovanni that his laughter will not last beyond sunrise. At the command of his master, Leporello reads the inscription upon the statue's base: "Here am I waiting for revenge against the scoundrel who killed me" ("Dell'empio che mi trasse al passo estremo qui attendo la vendetta"). The servant trembles, but Don Giovanni scornfully orders him to invite the statue to dinner, and threatens to kill him if he does not. Leporello makes several attempts to invite the statue to dinner, but is too frightened to complete the invitation (Duet: "O, statua gentilissima" – "Oh most noble statue"). Don Giovanni invites the statue to dinner himself. Much to his surprise, the statue nods its head and responds affirmatively. </p> <dl><dd><i>Donna Anna's room</i></dd></dl> <p>Don Ottavio pressures Donna Anna to marry him, but she thinks it is inappropriate so soon after her father's death. He accuses her of being cruel, and she assures him that she loves him, and is faithful ("Non mi dir" – "Tell me not"). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Juan_y_el_Comendador_por_Francisco_Goya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Don_Juan_y_el_Comendador_por_Francisco_Goya.jpg/220px-Don_Juan_y_el_Comendador_por_Francisco_Goya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 310px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Don_Juan_y_el_Comendador_por_Francisco_Goya.jpg/220px-Don_Juan_y_el_Comendador_por_Francisco_Goya.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="310" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Don_Juan_y_el_Comendador_por_Francisco_Goya.jpg/330px-Don_Juan_y_el_Comendador_por_Francisco_Goya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Don_Juan_y_el_Comendador_por_Francisco_Goya.jpg/440px-Don_Juan_y_el_Comendador_por_Francisco_Goya.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Don Juan and the Commander or The Stone Guest</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Juan_and_the_statue_of_the_Commander_mg_0119.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Don_Juan_and_the_statue_of_the_Commander_mg_0119.jpg/220px-Don_Juan_and_the_statue_of_the_Commander_mg_0119.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2211" data-file-height="2774"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 276px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Don_Juan_and_the_statue_of_the_Commander_mg_0119.jpg/220px-Don_Juan_and_the_statue_of_the_Commander_mg_0119.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="276" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Don_Juan_and_the_statue_of_the_Commander_mg_0119.jpg/330px-Don_Juan_and_the_statue_of_the_Commander_mg_0119.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Don_Juan_and_the_statue_of_the_Commander_mg_0119.jpg/440px-Don_Juan_and_the_statue_of_the_Commander_mg_0119.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Don Giovanni confronting the stone guest; painting by <a href="/wiki/Alexandre-%C3%89variste_Fragonard" title="Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard">Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1830–35</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><i>Don Giovanni's chambers</i></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 50px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="50" data-height="50" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_40._Don_Giovanni,_a_cenar_teco_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" title="File:W. A. Mozart - Don Giovanni - 40. Don Giovanni, a cenar teco (Josef Krips, Wiener Staatsoper, 1955).ogg">"Don Giovanni, a cenar teco"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_8" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="433" data-mwtitle="W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_40._Don_Giovanni,_a_cenar_teco_(Josef_Krips,_Wiener_Staatsoper,_1955).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_40._Don_Giovanni%2C_a_cenar_teco_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_40._Don_Giovanni%2C_a_cenar_teco_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg/W._A._Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_40._Don_Giovanni%2C_a_cenar_teco_%28Josef_Krips%2C_Wiener_Staatsoper%2C_1955%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_B%C3%B6hme" title="Kurt Böhme">Kurt Böhme</a> (Commendatore), <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Siepi" title="Cesare Siepi">Cesare Siepi</a> (Don Giovanni), <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Corena" title="Fernando Corena">Fernando Corena</a> (Leporello); Vienna Philharmonic, Josef Krips (1955)</div></div></div></div> </div> <p>Don Giovanni revels in the luxury of a great meal, served by Leporello, and musical entertainment during which the orchestra plays music from popular (at the time) late-18th-century operas: "O quanto un sì bel giubilo" from <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Mart%C3%ADn_y_Soler" title="Vicente Martín y Soler">Vicente Martín y Soler</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Una_cosa_rara" title="Una cosa rara">Una cosa rara</a></i> (1786), "Come un agnello" from <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Sarti" title="Giuseppe Sarti">Giuseppe Sarti</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Fra_i_due_litiganti_il_terzo_gode" title="Fra i due litiganti il terzo gode">Fra i due litiganti il terzo gode</a></i> (1782), and finally "<a href="/wiki/Non_pi%C3%B9_andrai" title="Non più andrai">Non più andrai</a>" from Mozart's own <i><a href="/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro" title="The Marriage of Figaro">The Marriage of Figaro</a></i> (1786). Leporello comments that he is all too familiar with the final tune (<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Questa poi la conosco purtroppo</i></span>) – likely a joke understandable for the original audience, as Felice Ponziani, who sang Leporello's part at the premiere, also sang Figaro's part (including "Non più andrai") earlier in Prague.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Finale "Già la mensa è preparata" – "Already the table is prepared"). Donna Elvira enters, saying that she no longer feels resentment against Don Giovanni, only pity for him. ("L'ultima prova dell'amor mio" – "The final proof of my love"). Don Giovanni, surprised, asks what she wants, and she begs him to change his life. Don Giovanni taunts her and then turns away, praising wine and women as the "support and glory of humankind" (<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">sostegno e gloria d'umanità</i></span>). Hurt and angry, Donna Elvira gives up and leaves. Offstage, she screams in sudden terror. Don Giovanni orders Leporello to see what has upset her; when he does, he also cries out, and runs back into the room, stammering that the statue has appeared as promised. An ominous knocking sounds at the door. Leporello, paralyzed by fear, cannot answer it, so Don Giovanni opens it himself, revealing the statue of the Commendatore. With the rhythmic chords of the overture, now reharmonized with diabolic <a href="/wiki/Diminished_seventh" title="Diminished seventh">diminished sevenths</a> accompanying the Commendatore ("Don Giovanni! A cenar teco m'invitasti" – "Don Giovanni! You invited me to dine with you"), the statue asks if Don Giovanni will now accept <em>his</em> invitation to dinner. Don Giovanni brazenly accepts, and shakes the statue's proffered hand, only to collapse as he is overcome by sudden chills. The statue offers him a final chance to repent as death draws near, but Don Giovanni adamantly refuses. The statue disappears and Don Giovanni cries out in pain and terror as he is surrounded by a chorus of demons, who carry him down to Hell. Leporello, watching from under the table, also cries out in fear. </p><p>Donna Anna, Don Ottavio, Donna Elvira, Zerlina, and Masetto arrive, searching for the villain. They find instead Leporello hiding under the table, shaken by the supernatural horror he has witnessed. He assures them that no one will ever see Don Giovanni again. The remaining characters announce their plans for the future: Donna Anna and Don Ottavio will marry when Donna Anna's year of mourning is over; Donna Elvira will withdraw from society for the rest of her life;<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zerlina and Masetto will finally go home for dinner; and Leporello will go to the tavern to find a better master. </p><p>The concluding ensemble delivers the moral of the opera – "Such is the end of the evildoer: the death of a sinner always reflects his life" (<i>Questo è il fin di chi fa mal, e de' perfidi la morte alla vita è sempre ugual</i>). As mentioned above, productions for over a century – beginning with the original run in Prague – customarily omitted the final ensemble, but it frequently reappeared in the 20th century and productions of the opera now usually include it. The return to D major and the innocent simplicity of the last few bars conclude the opera. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Recordings">Recordings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Recordings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni_discography" title="Don Giovanni discography"><i>Don Giovanni</i> discography</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Paul_Czinner" title="Paul Czinner">Paul Czinner</a> directed a filming of the <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Festival" title="Salzburg Festival">Salzburg Festival</a> presentation in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni_(1979_film)" title="Don Giovanni (1979 film)">screen adaptation</a> was directed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Joseph Losey</a> in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Cultural_influence">Cultural influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cultural influence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Disegno_per_copertina_di_libretto,_disegno_di_Peter_Hoffer_per_Don_Giovanni_(s.d.)_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON012442.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Disegno_per_copertina_di_libretto%2C_disegno_di_Peter_Hoffer_per_Don_Giovanni_%28s.d.%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON012442.jpg/220px-Disegno_per_copertina_di_libretto%2C_disegno_di_Peter_Hoffer_per_Don_Giovanni_%28s.d.%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON012442.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="531"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 226px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Disegno_per_copertina_di_libretto%2C_disegno_di_Peter_Hoffer_per_Don_Giovanni_%28s.d.%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON012442.jpg/220px-Disegno_per_copertina_di_libretto%2C_disegno_di_Peter_Hoffer_per_Don_Giovanni_%28s.d.%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON012442.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="226" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Disegno_per_copertina_di_libretto%2C_disegno_di_Peter_Hoffer_per_Don_Giovanni_%28s.d.%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON012442.jpg/330px-Disegno_per_copertina_di_libretto%2C_disegno_di_Peter_Hoffer_per_Don_Giovanni_%28s.d.%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON012442.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Disegno_per_copertina_di_libretto%2C_disegno_di_Peter_Hoffer_per_Don_Giovanni_%28s.d.%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON012442.jpg/440px-Disegno_per_copertina_di_libretto%2C_disegno_di_Peter_Hoffer_per_Don_Giovanni_%28s.d.%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON012442.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Drawing for the coverpage of a libretto (19th century)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Danish philosopher <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a> wrote a long essay in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Either/Or_(Kierkegaard_book)" title="Either/Or (Kierkegaard book)">Enten – Eller</a></i> in which he argues, writing under the pseudonym of his character "A", that "among all classic works <i>Don Giovanni</i> stands highest."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKierkegaard1992135_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKierkegaard1992135-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gounod" title="Charles Gounod">Charles Gounod</a> wrote that Mozart's <i>Don Giovanni</i> is "a work without blemish, of uninterrupted perfection."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGounod1970v–vi_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGounod1970v%E2%80%93vi-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The finale, in which Don Giovanni refuses to <a href="/wiki/Repentance" title="Repentance">repent</a>, has been a captivating philosophical and artistic topic for many writers including <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>, who in <i><a href="/wiki/Man_and_Superman" title="Man and Superman">Man and Superman</a></i> parodied the opera (with explicit mention of the Mozart score for the finale scene between the Commendatore and Don Giovanni). <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Gustave Flaubert</a> called <i>Don Giovanni</i>, along with <i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i> and the sea, "the three finest things God ever made."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">E. T. A. Hoffmann</a> also wrote a short story derived from the opera, <a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(Hoffmann)" title="Don Juan (Hoffmann)">"Don Juan"</a>, in which the narrator meets Donna Anna and describes Don Juan as an aesthetic hero rebelling against God and society.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some Germanic and other languages, Leporello's "<a href="/wiki/Madamina,_il_catalogo_%C3%A8_questo" title="Madamina, il catalogo è questo">Catalogue Aria</a>" provided the name "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leporello_(leaflet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leporello (leaflet) (page does not exist)">Leporello</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leporello_(Heft)" class="extiw" title="de:Leporello (Heft)">de</a>]</sup> list" for <a href="/wiki/Folded_leaflet" title="Folded leaflet">concertina-folded</a> printed matter, as used for brochures, photo albums, computer printouts and other <a href="/wiki/Continuous_stationery" title="Continuous stationery">continuous stationery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Playwright <a href="/wiki/Peter_Shaffer" title="Peter Shaffer">Peter Shaffer</a> used <i>Don Giovanni</i> for a pivotal plot point in his play <i><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_(play)" title="Amadeus (play)">Amadeus</a></i>, a fictional biography of its composer. In it, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salieri" title="Antonio Salieri">Antonio Salieri</a> notices how Mozart composed the opera while tortured by the memory of his imposing, deceased father <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">Leopold</a>, and uses the information to psychologically torture Mozart even further. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Don_Giovanni_and_other_composers"><i>Don Giovanni</i> and other composers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Don Giovanni and other composers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The sustained popularity of <i>Don Giovanni</i> has resulted in extensive borrowings and arrangements of the original. The most famous and probably the most musically substantial is the operatic fantasy, <i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9miniscences_de_Don_Juan" title="Réminiscences de Don Juan">Réminiscences de Don Juan</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Minuet" title="Minuet">minuet</a> from the finale of act 1 ("Signor, guardate un poco"), transcribed by <a href="/wiki/Moritz_Moszkowski" title="Moritz Moszkowski">Moritz Moszkowski</a>, also makes an incongruous appearance in the manuscript of Liszt's <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_on_Themes_from_Mozart%27s_Figaro_and_Don_Giovanni" title="Fantasy on Themes from Mozart's Figaro and Don Giovanni">Fantasy on Themes from Mozart's <i>Figaro</i> and <i>Don Giovanni</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sigismond_Thalberg" title="Sigismond Thalberg">Sigismond Thalberg</a> uses the same minuet, along with "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Deh, vieni alla finestra</span></span>", in his <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Grand Fantaisie sur la serenade et le Minuet de Don Juan</i></span>, Op. 42. Thalberg also included a piano arrangement of "Il mio tesoro" in his <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">L'art du chant appliqué au piano</i></span>", Op. 70. This minuet was also used for sets of variations for piano by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_Wolfgang_Mozart" title="Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart">Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart</a> (Op. 2), <a href="/wiki/Fanny_H%C3%BCnerwadel" title="Fanny Hünerwadel">Fanny Hünerwadel</a> and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Fusz" title="János Fusz">János Fusz</a> (Op. 10, the latter for four hands). "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Deh, vieni alla finestra</span></span>" also makes an appearance in the <a href="/wiki/Klavier%C3%BCbung_(Busoni)" title="Klavierübung (Busoni)">Klavierübung</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Busoni" title="Ferruccio Busoni">Ferruccio Busoni</a>, under the title <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Variations-Studie nach Mozart</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Variation_(music)" title="Variation (music)">Variation</a> study after Mozart). <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Schumann</a> included a piano arrangement of "Vedrai carino" in his <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kleiner Lehrgang durch die Musikgeschichte</i></span>, which was originally intended for his <i><a href="/wiki/Album_for_the_Young" title="Album for the Young">Album for the Young</a></i>, whereas <a href="/wiki/Muzio_Clementi" title="Muzio Clementi">Muzio Clementi</a> wrote piano variations on Zerlina's other aria, "Batti, batti". <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Wilms" title="Johann Wilhelm Wilms">Johann Wilhelm Wilms</a> took a theme from the duet "O, statua gentilissima" for his set of piano variations. <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Chopin</a> wrote <a href="/wiki/Variations_on_%22L%C3%A0_ci_darem_la_mano%22_(Chopin)" class="mw-redirect" title='Variations on "Là ci darem la mano" (Chopin)'>Variations on "Là ci darem la mano"</a> (the duet between Don Giovanni and Zerlina) for piano and orchestra. <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Danzi" title="Franz Danzi">Danzi</a> also wrote variations on the same theme. And Beethoven, in his <i><a href="/wiki/Diabelli_Variations" title="Diabelli Variations">Diabelli Variations</a></i>, cites the beginning of the opera "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Notte e giorno faticar</span></span>" in variation 22. <a href="/wiki/Cipriani_Potter" title="Cipriani Potter">Cipriani Potter</a> wrote piano variations on "Fin ch'han dal vino", Op. 2 (1816). The turkeys in <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Chabrier" title="Emmanuel Chabrier">Chabrier</a>'s "Ballade des gros dindons" (1889) finish each verse imitating the mandolin accompaniment of the Serenade.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky</a> always regarded <i>Don Giovanni</i> – and its composer – with awe. In 1855, Mozart's original manuscript had been purchased in London by the <a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">mezzo-soprano</a> <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Viardot" title="Pauline Viardot">Pauline Viardot</a>, who was the teacher of Tchaikovsky's one-time unofficial fiancée <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Art%C3%B4t" title="Désirée Artôt">Désirée Artôt</a> (whom Viardot may have persuaded not to go through with her plan to marry the composer). Viardot kept the manuscript in a shrine in her Paris home, where it was visited by many people. Tchaikovsky visited her when he was in Paris in June 1886,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and said that when looking at the manuscript, he was "in the presence of divinity".<sup id="cite_ref-everist_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everist-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So it is not surprising that the centenary of the opera in 1887 would inspire him to write something honouring Mozart. Instead of taking any themes from <i>Don Giovanni</i>, however, he took four lesser known works by Mozart and arranged them into his <a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Suite_No._4_(Tchaikovsky)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchestral Suite No. 4 (Tchaikovsky)">fourth orchestral suite</a>, which he called <i>Mozarti<a href="/wiki/-ana" title="-ana">ana</a></i>. The baritone who sang the title role in the centenary performance of <i>Don Giovanni</i> in Prague that year was <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Padilla_y_Ramos" title="Mariano Padilla y Ramos">Mariano Padilla y Ramos</a>, the man Désirée Artôt married instead of Tchaikovsky.<sup id="cite_ref-Elson1912_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elson1912-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Michael_Nyman" title="Michael Nyman">Michael Nyman</a>'s popular, short band piece <i>In Re Don Giovanni</i> (1981, with later adaptations and revisions) is constructed on a prominent 15-bar phrase in the accompaniment to Leporello's catalogue aria.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In addition to instrumental works, allusions to <i>Don Giovanni</i> also appear in a number of operas: Nicklausse of <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach" title="Jacques Offenbach">Offenbach</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tales_of_Hoffmann" title="The Tales of Hoffmann">The Tales of Hoffmann</a></i> sings a snatch of Leporello's "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Notte e giorno</span></span>", and <a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Rossini</a> quotes from the same aria in the duettino between Selim and Fiorilla following the former's <i>cavatina</i> in act 1 of <i><a href="/wiki/Il_turco_in_Italia" title="Il turco in Italia">Il turco in Italia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Carnicer" title="Ramón Carnicer">Ramón Carnicer</a>'s opera <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni_Tenorio_(Carnicer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Giovanni Tenorio (Carnicer) (page does not exist)">Don Giovanni Tenorio</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni_Tenorio_(Carnicer)" class="extiw" title="es:Don Giovanni Tenorio (Carnicer)">es</a>]</span></i> (1822) is a peculiar reworking of Mozart's opera to adapt it to Rossinian fashion. It comprises new music by Carnicer on a new text (e.g. the first half of act 1), new music on Da Ponte's text (e.g. Leporello's aria) or on a mixture of both (e.g. the new trio for the scene in the cemetery); the whole collated with extensive quotations or entire sections borrowed directly from Mozart (e.g. Finale 1 and Finale 2, and even some music from <i>Le nozze di Figaro</i><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), though usually slightly reworked and re-orchestrated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes and references" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 45em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aloysia_Weber" title="Aloysia Weber">Aloysia Weber</a>, Mozart's sister-in-law, frequently sang in his works.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Caterina_Cavalieri" title="Caterina Cavalieri">Caterina Cavalieri</a> was the first Konstanze in <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Entf%C3%BChrung_aus_dem_Serail" title="Die Entführung aus dem Serail">Die Entführung aus dem Serail</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Benucci" title="Francesco Benucci">Francesco Benucci</a> was the first Figaro in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro" title="The Marriage of Figaro">Le nozze di Figaro</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the absence of an unambiguous indication in Da Ponte's libretto, it is reasonable to interpret this incident variously. However, in a discussion of the literary tradition available to Da Ponte as detailed in <a href="#CITEREFFreeman2021">Freeman 2021</a>, pp. 254–262, it is clear that there was no precedent for the portrayal of Don Juan as a rapist in the literary tradition that extended from Da Ponte's time back to the prototype Don Juan drama, <a href="/wiki/Tirso_de_Molina" title="Tirso de Molina">Tirso de Molina</a>'s early seventeenth-century play <i><a href="/wiki/El_burlador_de_Sevilla" class="mw-redirect" title="El burlador de Sevilla">El burlador de Sevilla</a></i>. Da Ponte's scene at the beginning of the opera is based on a standard scenario of earlier dramas in which Don Juan attempts to seduce a noblewoman in disguise as her lover, one of his standard <i>burlas</i> (or "tricks" of seduction). Besides no precedent for rape, there is also no portrayal in the Don Juan literature before Da Ponte of impregnation or the contraction of venereal disease in spite of Don Juan's numberless sexual encounters.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This scene was added at the same time as the preceding Zerlina / Leporello duet, but is generally retained and sung directly after "Il mio tesoro".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman2021">Freeman 2021</a>, pp. 284–286, points out that the purpose of excerpting music from other composer's operas is an assertion of superiority – and a highly effective one. The impact of Mozart's music after hearing insipid examples by other composers' work is striking indeed. The dialogue that accompanies this vignette does not appear in the libretto published for the first performance, thus the idea was almost certainly Mozart's, and he must have written the lines of text himself.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman2021">Freeman 2021</a>, p. 287, points out that the correct translation of Donna Elvira's line <i>Io men vado in un ritiro a finir la vita mia!</i> indicates that she intends to remove herself to a "retreat" instead of entering a convent (as the line is frequently mistranslated into English). Neither in eighteenth-century Italian nor modern Italian could <i>ritiro</i> be construed as a synonym for <i>convento</i> (convent) or <i>monastero</i> (monastery). Rather, it has the connotation of a comfortable, secluded private dwelling in the countryside.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leporello's F major <i>e non voglio più servir</i> becomes Fiorilla's A major <i>così pien di civiltà</i>, the music being quoted verbatim.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">But not in the dinner scene; here Carnicer borrows some different tunes from <i>Una cosa rara</i> and <i>Litiganti</i> and presumably some music of his own as third quotation</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>References</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The theatre is referred to as the Teatro di Praga in the libretto for the 1787 premiere (<a href="#CITEREFDeutsch1965">Deutsch 1965</a>, pp. 302–303); for the current name of the theatre see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.narodni-divadlo.cz/Default.aspx?jz=en&dk=text.aspx&it=40&sb=0">"The Estates Theatre"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927155704/http://www.narodni-divadlo.cz/Default.aspx?jz=en&dk=text.aspx&it=40&sb=0">Archived</a> 27 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the Prague National Theatre website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.classical-music.com/features/works/20-greatest-operas-all-time/">"The 20 Greatest Operas of All Time"</a>. <i>Classical Music</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Classical+Music&rft.atitle=The+20+Greatest+Operas+of+All+Time&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.classical-music.com%2Ffeatures%2Fworks%2F20-greatest-operas-all-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaddocks2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fiona_Maddocks" title="Fiona Maddocks">Maddocks, Fiona</a> (19 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/aug/20/top-50-operas">"Top 50 Operas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Top+50+Operas&rft.date=2011-08-19&rft.aulast=Maddocks&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2011%2Faug%2F20%2Ftop-50-operas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DF104-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DF104_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DF104_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The background of the production is summarized in <a href="#CITEREFFreeman2021">Freeman 2021</a>, pp. 131–168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The first eighteenth-century Don Juan opera produced in Europe was <i><a href="/wiki/La_pravit%C3%A0_castigata" title="La pravità castigata">La pravità castigata</a></i> (Prague, 1730), and the second one was <i>Il convitato di pietra</i> (Prague, 1776).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="#CITEREFFreeman2021">Freeman 2021</a>, p. 263, for a discussion of Da Ponte's vague specification, including a theory about why it is so vague that is based on suspiciously archaic cultural references incompatible with the modern city of Seville as it existed in Da Ponte's day.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mozart's letter sent to <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_von_Jacquin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gottfried von Jacquin">Gottfried von Jacquin</a>, dated 15 October</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965303-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965303_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeutsch1965">Deutsch 1965</a>, p. 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965304-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965304_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeutsch1965">Deutsch 1965</a>, p. 304.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opera.stanford.edu/iu/shortlib/mozaria1.html">"OperaGlass at Opera.Stanford.Edu"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OperaGlass+at+Opera.Stanford.Edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopera.stanford.edu%2Fiu%2Fshortlib%2Fmozaria1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Plath" title="Wolfgang Plath">Wolfgang Plath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Rehm" title="Wolfgang Rehm">Wolfgang Rehm</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Mozart-Ausgabe" title="Neue Mozart-Ausgabe">Neue Mozart-Ausgabe</a></i>, Serie II, Werkgruppe 5, Band 17, <i>Don Giovanni</i> (Kassel, 1968)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman2021286–287-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman2021286%E2%80%93287_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman2021">Freeman 2021</a>, pp. 286–287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuch2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_J._Buch" title="David J. Buch">Buch, David Joseph</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=djnqB_MUJ6kC&pg=PA332"><i>Magic Flutes and Enchanted Forests: The Supernatural in Eighteenth-Century Musical Theater</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 332. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-07811-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-07811-3"><bdi>978-0-226-07811-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magic+Flutes+and+Enchanted+Forests%3A+The+Supernatural+in+Eighteenth-Century+Musical+Theater&rft.pages=332&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-226-07811-3&rft.aulast=Buch&rft.aufirst=David+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdjnqB_MUJ6kC%26pg%3DPA332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dme.mozarteum.at/DME/objs/ed/ucb08_68_2.jpg">Page 2</a> of the score at NMA</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECasaglia2005-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasaglia2005_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCasaglia2005">Casaglia 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965313-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965313_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeutsch1965">Deutsch 1965</a>, p. 313.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbert2007[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidl6I6BwTMJ3sCpgRA1-PA1021lpgRA1-PA1021_1021]-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbert2007%5Bhttpsbooksgooglecombooksidl6I6BwTMJ3sCpgRA1-PA1021lpgRA1-PA1021_1021%5D_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbert2007">Abert 2007</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l6I6BwTMJ3sC&pg=RA1-PA1021&lpg=RA1-PA1021">1021</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSparks1995" class="citation book cs1">Sparks, Paul (1995). <i>The Classical Mandolin</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 3–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517337-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517337-6"><bdi>978-0-19-517337-6</bdi></a>. <q>The mandoline is today (1843) so neglected that, in the theatres where <i>Don Giovanni</i> is staged, it is always a problem to execute the serenade...it has become allowed almost everywhere...to play the mandoline part in <i>Don Giovanni</i> on pizzicato violins or on guitars.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Classical+Mandolin&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=3-4&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19-517337-6&rft.aulast=Sparks&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Don Giovanni</i> Schirmer piano-vocal score <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/079351231X" title="Special:BookSources/079351231X">079351231X</a>, p. iv</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mednotes-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mednotes_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraunstein1969" class="citation AV-media-notes cs1">Braunstein, Joseph (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/mandolinmusicsou00sciv/mandolinmusicsou00sciv_djvu.txt"><i>Mandolin Music, Beethoven, Hummel</i></a> (Media notes). New York: <a href="/wiki/Nonesuch_Records" title="Nonesuch Records">Nonesuch Records</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mandolin+Music%2C+Beethoven%2C+Hummel&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Nonesuch+Records&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Braunstein&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmandolinmusicsou00sciv%2Fmandolinmusicsou00sciv_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChong2011" class="citation journal cs1">Chong, Nicholas Junkai (2011). "Music for the Last Supper: The Dramatic Significance of Mozart's Musical Quotations in the Tafelmusik of <i>Don Giovanni</i>". <i>Current Musicology</i> (92): 7–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7916%2Fcm.v0i92.5208">10.7916/cm.v0i92.5208</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Musicology&rft.atitle=Music+for+the+Last+Supper%3A+The+Dramatic+Significance+of+Mozart%27s+Musical+Quotations+in+the+Tafelmusik+of+Don+Giovanni&rft.issue=92&rft.pages=7-52&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7916%2Fcm.v0i92.5208&rft.aulast=Chong&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+Junkai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span> Also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7916%2FD8VD6WJ4">10.7916/D8VD6WJ4</a> at Columbia Academic Commons, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Libraries" title="Columbia University Libraries">Columbia University Libraries</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><i>Mozart's Don Giovanni</i> (DVD). Hamburg: Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft. 2001. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1051553568">1051553568</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mozart%27s+Don+Giovanni&rft.place=Hamburg&rft.pub=Deutsche+Grammophon+Gesellschaft&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1051553568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCitron2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Citron" title="Marcia Citron">Citron, Marcia J.</a> (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/operaonscreen00citr"><i>Opera on Screen</i></a></span>. Yale University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/operaonscreen00citr/page/203">203</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-08158-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-08158-8"><bdi>0-300-08158-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opera+on+Screen&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-300-08158-8&rft.aulast=Citron&rft.aufirst=Marcia+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foperaonscreen00citr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKierkegaard1992135-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKierkegaard1992135_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKierkegaard1992">Kierkegaard 1992</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGounod1970v–vi-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGounod1970v%E2%80%93vi_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGounod1970">Gounod 1970</a>, pp. v–vi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlaubert" class="citation book cs1">Flaubert, Gustave. <i><a href="/wiki/Flaubert%27s_letters" title="Flaubert's letters">The Letters of Gustave Flaubert</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+Gustave+Flaubert&rft.aulast=Flaubert&rft.aufirst=Gustave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> German <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/de:Don_Juan" class="extiw" title="s:de:Don Juan">"Don Juan" (E. T. A. Hoffmann, in German)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=leporelloliste">"leporelloliste"</a>. <i>Den Danske Ordbog</i> (in Danish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Den+Danske+Ordbog&rft.atitle=leporelloliste&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fordnet.dk%2Fddo%2Fordbog%3Fquery%3Dleporelloliste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernac1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bernac" title="Pierre Bernac">Bernac, Pierre</a> (1970). <i>The Interpretation of French Song</i>. New York, Washington: Praeger Publishers. ch. 7, p. 86.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Interpretation+of+French+Song&rft.place=New+York%2C+Washington&rft.pages=ch.+7%2C+p.+86&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Bernac&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoznansky1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Poznansky" title="Alexander Poznansky">Poznansky, Alexander</a> (1991). <i>Tchaikovsky: The Quest for the Inner Man</i>. p. 460.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tchaikovsky%3A+The+Quest+for+the+Inner+Man&rft.pages=460&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Poznansky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-everist-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-everist_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/ncm.2001.25.2-3.165">Abstract: 19th Century Music, Mark Everist</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724114728/http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/ncm.2001.25.2-3.165">Archived</a> 24 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elson1912-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elson1912_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouis_Charles_Elson1912" class="citation book cs1">Louis Charles Elson (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/universitymusic14elsogoog"><i>University Musical Encyclopedia</i></a>. The University Society. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/universitymusic14elsogoog/page/n105">467</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=University+Musical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=467&rft.pub=The+University+Society&rft.date=1912&rft.au=Louis+Charles+Elson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funiversitymusic14elsogoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbert2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Abert" title="Hermann Abert">Abert, Hermann</a> (2007). <a href="/wiki/Cliff_Eisen" title="Cliff Eisen">Cliff Eisen</a> (ed.). <i>W. A. Mozart</i>. Translated by Stewart Spencer. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300072235" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300072235"><bdi>978-0300072235</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=W.+A.+Mozart&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0300072235&rft.aulast=Abert&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFCasaglia2005">Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://almanac-gherardo-casaglia.com/index.php?Giorno=29&Mese=10&Anno=1787&Testo=Don_Giovanni&Parola=Stringa"> "<i>Don Giovanni</i>,<span class="nowrap"> </span>29 October 1787"</a>. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeutsch1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Erich_Deutsch" title="Otto Erich Deutsch">Deutsch, Otto Erich</a> (1965). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mozartdocumentar0000deut_i1h0/page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Mozart: A Documentary Biography</i></a></span>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0233-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0233-1"><bdi>978-0-8047-0233-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart%3A+A+Documentary+Biography&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0233-1&rft.aulast=Deutsch&rft.aufirst=Otto+Erich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmozartdocumentar0000deut_i1h0%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_E._Freeman" title="Daniel E. Freeman">Freeman, Daniel E.</a> (2021). <i>Mozart in Prague</i>. Edina, Minnesota: Calumet Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781950743506" title="Special:BookSources/9781950743506"><bdi>9781950743506</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart+in+Prague&rft.place=Edina%2C+Minnesota&rft.pub=Calumet+Editions&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781950743506&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Daniel+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGounod1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gounod" title="Charles Gounod">Gounod, Charles</a> (1970). <i>Mozart's Don Giovanni: A Commentary</i> (from the third French edition of <i>Le Don Juan de Mozart</i>, London, R. Cocks, 1895). Translated by Windeyer Clark; J. P. Hutchinson. New York: Da Capo Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart%27s+Don+Giovanni%3A+A+Commentary&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Gounod&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKierkegaard1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard, Søren</a> (1992). Victor Eremita (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Either/Or_(Kierkegaard_book)" title="Either/Or (Kierkegaard book)">Either/Or</a></i> (abridged, translated, and with an introduction and notes, by <a href="/wiki/Alastair_Hannay" title="Alastair Hannay">Alastair Hannay</a>). London: Penguin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Either%2FOr&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Kierkegaard&rft.aufirst=S%C3%B8ren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li>Allanbrook, W. J. (1983). <i>Rhythmic Gesture in Mozart: Le nozze di Figaro and Don Giovanni</i> Chicago. (reviewed in Platoff, John. "Untitled." <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Musicology" title="The Journal of Musicology">The Journal of Musicology</a></i>, vol. 4, no. 4 (1986). pp. 535–538).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_A._Baker" title="Evan A. Baker">Baker, Even A.</a> (1993): <i>Alfred Roller's Production Of Mozart's Don Giovanni – A Break in the Scenic Traditions of the Vienna Court Opera</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>.</li> <li>Baker, Felicity (2021) (edited by Magnus Tessing Schneider). <i>Don Giovanni's Reasons: Thoughts on a masterpiece</i>. Bern: Peter Lang.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Da_Ponte" title="Lorenzo Da Ponte">Da Ponte, Lorenzo</a>. <i>Mozart's Don Giovanni</i>. Dover Publications, New York, 1985. (reviewed in G. S. "Untitled." <i><a href="/wiki/Music_%26_Letters" title="Music & Letters">Music & Letters</a></i>, vol 19, no. 2 (April 1938). pp. 216–218)</li> <li>Goehr, Lydia; Herwitz, Daniel A. (2006). <i>The Don Giovanni Moment: Essays on the Legacy of an Opera</i>. Columbia Press University, New York.</li> <li>Kaminsky, Peter (1996). "How to Do things with Words and Music: Towards an Analysis of Selected ensembles in Mozart's Don Giovanni." <i>Theory and Practice</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frits_Noske" class="extiw" title="nl:Frits Noske">Noske, F[rits] R[udolf]</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Dutch]</span> (1970). "<i>Don Giovanni</i>: Musical Affinities and Dramatic Structure". <i>Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae</i>. <b>12</b> (1/4). <a href="/wiki/Akad%C3%A9miai_Kiad%C3%B3" title="Akadémiai Kiadó">Akadémiai Kiadó</a>: 167–203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F901357">10.2307/901357</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/901357">901357</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Musicologica+Academiae+Scientiarum+Hungaricae&rft.atitle=Don+Giovanni%3A+Musical+Affinities+and+Dramatic+Structure&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1%2F4&rft.pages=167-203&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F901357&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F901357%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Noske&rft.aufirst=F%5Brits%5D+R%5Budolf%5D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span>; reprinted in <i>Theatre Research</i> viii (1973), 60–74 and in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Noske, Frits (1977). <i>The Signifier and the Signified: Studies in the Operas of Mozart and Verdi</i>. Springer. pp. 39–75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9024719952" title="Special:BookSources/978-9024719952"><bdi>978-9024719952</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Signifier+and+the+Signified%3A+Studies+in+the+Operas+of+Mozart+and+Verdi&rft.pages=39-75&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-9024719952&rft.aulast=Noske&rft.aufirst=Frits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Giovanni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Rushton" title="Julian Rushton">Rushton, Julian G.</a> (1981). <i>W. A. Mozart: Don Giovanni</i>" Cambridge. (reviewed in Sternfeld, F. W. "Untitled." <i><a href="/wiki/Music_%26_Letters" title="Music & Letters">Music & Letters</a></i>, vol. 65, no. 4 (October 1984) pp. 377–378)</li> <li>Schneider, Magnus Tessing (2021). <i>The Original Portrayal of Mozart's Don Giovanni</i>. Abingdon and New York: Routledge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-mono/10.4324/9780429281709/original-portrayal-mozart-giovanni-magnus-tessing-schneider?context=ubx&refId=2266214f-c312-442b-9556-cc5e02b2e1c4">OPEN ACCESS</a></li> <li>Schünemann, Georg and Soldan, Kurt (translated by Stanley Appelbaum) <i>Don Giovanni: Complete orchestral and vocal score</i> Dover 1974</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Tyson" title="Alan Tyson">Tyson, Alan</a>. "Some Features of the Autograph Score of <i>Don Giovanni</i>", <i>Israel Studies in Musicology</i> (1990), 7–26</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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report</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Mozart-Ausgabe" title="Neue Mozart-Ausgabe">Neue Mozart-Ausgabe</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dme.mozarteum.at/dmedata/libredition/single.php?idwnma=6065">Libretto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Critical_edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Critical edition">critical edition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic edition">diplomatic edition</a>, source evaluation (German only), links to online DME recordings; Digital Mozart Edition</li> <li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni,_K.527_(Mozart,_Wolfgang_Amadeus)" class="extiw" title="scores:Don Giovanni, K.527 (Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus)"><i>Don Giovanni</i></a>: Scores at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opera-guide.ch/opera.php?id=251&uilang=en">Opera Guide</a> Synopsis (4 languages), libretto (German, English, Italian), highlights</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kernkonzepte.ch/nutmoz.htm">Opera in a nutshell</a> Soundfiles (MIDI)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/variations/scores/bhq9391/index.html">Piano/vocal score of <i>Don Giovanni</i></a> from <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington" title="Indiana University Bloomington">Indiana University Bloomington</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naxos.com/education/opera_libretti.asp?pn=&char=all&composer=Mozart&opera=Don_Giovanni&libretto_file=00_Synopsis.htm">Synopsis and libretto</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121013193945/http://www.naxos.com/education/opera_libretti.asp?pn=&char=all&composer=Mozart&opera=Don_Giovanni&libretto_file=00_Synopsis.htm">Archived</a> 13 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Naxos_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxos Records">Naxos Records</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.murashev.com/opera/Don_Giovanni_libretto_Italian_English">Libretto</a>, Italian, English</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opera-arias.com/mozart/don-giovanni/">Roles, arias, libretto (Italian, English)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uctv.tv/shows/San-Diego-OperaTalk-with-Nick-Reveles-Don-Giovanni-4313">San Diego OperaTalk! with Nick Reveles: <i>Don Giovanni</i></a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kultur-fibel.de/oper,don_giovanni,musik,mozart.htm"><i>Don Giovanni</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225035216/http://www.kultur-fibel.de/oper,don_giovanni,musik,mozart.htm">Archived</a> 25 February 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, production photos, synopsis <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opera-inside.com/don-giovanni-by-mozart-the-opera-guide/">"The online opera guide to <i>Don Giovanni</i>"</a>, opera-inside.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/donjuanoperaenqu00moza">"<i>Don Juan</i>: opera en quatre actes</a>, French libretto</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Operalogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Operalogo.svg/21px-Operalogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Operalogo.svg/21px-Operalogo.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="21" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Operalogo.svg/32px-Operalogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Operalogo.svg/42px-Operalogo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Opera" title="Portal:Opera">Opera</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&oldid=1255407233">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&oldid=1255407233</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Giovanni&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Natg 19" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1730751378"> <span>Last edited on 4 November 2024, at 20:16</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="دون جيوفاني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دون جيوفاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Covanni" title="Don Covanni – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Don Covanni" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%96%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Дон Жуан (опера) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дон Жуан (опера)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%96%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Дон Жуан (опера) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дон Жуан (опера)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Ντον Τζοβάννι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντον Τζοβάννι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%98%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7)" title="دون ژوان (اپرا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دون ژوان (اپرا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni_(%C3%B3pera)" title="Don Giovanni (ópera) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Don Giovanni (ópera)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%88_%EC%A1%B0%EB%B0%98%EB%8B%88" title="돈 조반니 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="돈 조반니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D4%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6_(%D6%85%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1)" title="Դոն Ժուան (օպերա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դոն Ժուան (օպերա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni_(opera)" title="Don Giovanni (opera) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Don Giovanni (opera)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99" title="דון ג'ובאני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דון ג'ובאני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="დონ ჯოვანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დონ ჯოვანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Дон Џовани – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дон Џовани" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="ഡോൺ ജ്യോവാന്നി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡോൺ ജ്യോവാന്നി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="دون جيوفانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دون جيوفانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8B" title="ドン・ジョヴァンニ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドン・ジョヴァンニ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%96%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Дон Жуан (опера) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дон Жуан (опера)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Juan_(opera)" title="Don Juan (opera) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Don Juan (opera)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_%C4%90ovani_(opera)" title="Don Đovani (opera) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Don Đovani (opera)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="ดอน โจวันนี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดอน โจวันนี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%96%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Дон Жуан (опера) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дон Жуан (опера)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Don Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%C2%B7%E5%96%AC%E6%9C%9B%E5%B0%BC" title="唐·喬望尼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="唐·喬望尼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 November 2024, at 20:16<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise 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