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Makkah</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Makkah"> <meta name="keywords" content="Makkah"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Makkah"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 19</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Makkah</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> A Comparison of Air Quality in Arid and Temperate Climatic Conditions – a Case Study of Leeds and Makkah</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turki%20M.%20Habeebullah">Turki M. Habeebullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Munir"> Said Munir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karl%20Ropkins"> Karl Ropkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essam%20A.%20Morsy"> Essam A. Morsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atef%20M.%20F.%20Mohammed"> Atef M. F. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulaziz%20R.%20Seroji"> Abdulaziz R. Seroji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper air quality conditions in Makkah and Leeds are compared. These two cities have totally different climatic conditions. Makkah climate is characterised as hot and dry (arid) whereas that of Leeds is characterised as cold and wet (temperate). This study uses air quality data from year 2012 collected in Makkah, Saudi Arabia and Leeds, UK. The concentrations of all pollutants, except NO are higher in Makkah. Most notable, the concentrations of PM10 are much higher in Makkah than in Leeds. This is probably due to the arid nature of climatic conditions in Makkah and not solely due to anthropogenic emission sources, otherwise like PM10 some of the other pollutants, such as CO, NO, and SO2 would have shown much greater difference between Leeds and Makkah. Correlation analysis is performed between different pollutants at the same site and the same pollutants at different sites. In Leeds the correlation between PM10 and other pollutants is significantly stronger than in Makkah. Weaker correlation in Makkah is probably due to the fact that in Makkah most of the gaseous pollutants are emitted by combustion processes, whereas most of the PM10 is generated by other sources, such as windblown dust, re-suspension, and construction activities. This is in contrast to Leeds where all pollutants including PM10 are predominantly emitted by combustions, such as road traffic. Furthermore, in Leeds frequent rains wash out most of the atmospheric particulate matter and supress re-suspension of dust. Temporal trends of various pollutants are compared and discussed. This study emphasises the role of climatic conditions in managing air quality, and hence the need for region-specific controlling strategies according to the local climatic and meteorological conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climatic%20conditions" title=" climatic conditions"> climatic conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particulate%20matter" title=" particulate matter"> particulate matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makkah" title=" Makkah"> Makkah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leeds" title=" Leeds"> Leeds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19619/a-comparison-of-air-quality-in-arid-and-temperate-climatic-conditions-a-case-study-of-leeds-and-makkah" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Glimpses into the History of Makkah in the Light of Archaeological Finds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Aboul-Enein">Heba Aboul-Enein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The blessed Mecca (Makkah) has been attacked as a city without a pre-Islamic history. Many claims have been posited denying the historicity of this holy city, and mythicizing Arabic historical records. Hence, the current paper attempted to shed light on this controversial history of Makkah. To achieve the intended objective, the study recoursed to archaeological, historical, and linguistic evidence, to prove that the holy city existed since the dawn of human history. The data under study include the results of recent excavations; archaeological surveys in Saudi Arabia, academic works of archaeologists, newspaper reports of the latest archaeological discoveries, and the findings of Saudi explorers. In addition, the study examined ancient and contemporary references; western accounts of Makkah, the bible, Jewish, Christian, Islamic, and Arabic references, in an effort to reconcile these texts with the archeological findings. The paper also reviewed the latest results of aerial archeology of the region. The study proved based on archaeological finds, and contrary to fallacious claims, that Makkah is an ancient city that existed and was inhabited by humans in varied historical eras. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerial%20archaeology" title="aerial archaeology">aerial archaeology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archaeological%20finds%20in%20the%20Makkan%20region" title=" archaeological finds in the Makkan region"> archaeological finds in the Makkan region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archaeological%20surveys" title=" archaeological surveys"> archaeological surveys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Western" title=" Western"> Western</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jewish%20and%20Islamic%20accounts%20of%20Makkah" title=" Jewish and Islamic accounts of Makkah"> Jewish and Islamic accounts of Makkah</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58671/glimpses-into-the-history-of-makkah-in-the-light-of-archaeological-finds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> When Creativity Is the Solution: How to Transform Makkah into a Creative City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Al%20Amoudy">Saeed Al Amoudy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the last decade, the rapidly growing prestige of so-called Creative Cities has inspired many other cities seeking to enhance their attractiveness, creativity, and success. However, the concept of a creative city seems to be an elusive one because it reflects a set of distinct ideologies which apply distinct ideas of creativity to physical and economic urban development. The main aim of this study is to investigate the ways in which the theoretical concept of the creative city can be usefully and practically employed to develop the urban services and global identity of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. This is a challenging prospect since no research on creative cities in the Middle East has previously been conducted. The city of Makkah and its holy sites is known as the focus of religious devotion for one and half billion Muslims around the globe, with millions travelling there on annual pilgrimage. The ideas of three of the key authors who have addressed relevant aspects of the concept of the creative city, Landry, Howkins and Florida, were explored in depth for the purpose of identifying the model which would be best suited to Makkah’s identity as a sacred city. Of these, it was the approach of Landry and others whose work was originally focused on finding creative solutions to the problems faced by cities which proved most suitable for the context of Makkah. The development strategies of five case studies of Creative Cities situated in different parts of the world, namely Vancouver, Yokohama, Glasgow, Barcelona, and Sydney, were also examined. Inspired by their diverse experiences, a model, referred to by the acronym CREATIVE, was developed by bringing together the key elements which seemed to ,account for the success of these five creative cities: Concept, Resources, Events, Attractiveness, Technology, Involvement, Vision and Enthusiasm. Expert opinion was sought on the model by presenting this for discussion at five international conferences. This model was used to guide both the process of data collection via interviews, documentation and field notes, and for analysing this, revealing that Makkah has great potential to become a Creative City. The results suggested that implementation of the CREATIVE model in Makkah would help produce creative solutions to address the problems that the city currently faces due to the growing number of pilgrims every year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creative%20city" title="creative city">creative city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20imaging" title=" city imaging"> city imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makkah" title=" Makkah"> Makkah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sacred%20city" title=" sacred city"> sacred city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22152/when-creativity-is-the-solution-how-to-transform-makkah-into-a-creative-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter (PM10) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turki%20M.%20Habeebullah">Turki M. Habeebullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atef%20M.%20F.%20Mohammed"> Atef M. F. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essam%20A.%20Morsy"> Essam A. Morsy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent decades, particulate matter (PM10) have received much attention due to its potential adverse health impact and the subsequent need to better control or regulate these pollutants. The aim of this paper is focused on study risk assessment of PM10 in four different districts (Shebikah, Masfalah, Aziziyah, Awali) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia during the period from 1 Ramadan 1434 AH - 27 Safar 1435 AH. samples was collected by using Low Volume Sampler (LVS Low Volume Sampler) device and filtration method for estimating the total concentration of PM10. The study indicated that the mean PM10 concentrations were 254.6 (186.1 - 343.2) µg/m3 in Shebikah, 184.9 (145.6 - 271.4) µg/m3 in Masfalah, 162.4 (92.4 - 253.8) µg/m3 in Aziziyah, and 56.0 (44.5 - 119.8) µg/m3 in Awali. These values did not exceed the permissible limits in PME (340 µg/m3 as daily average). Furthermore, health assessment is carried out using AirQ2.2.3 model to estimate the number of hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases. The cumulative number of cases per 100,000 were 1534 (18-3050 case), which lower than that recorded in the United States, Malaysia. The concentration response coefficient was 0.49 (95% CI 0.05 - 0.70) per 10 μg/m3 increase of PM10. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20diseases" title=" respiratory diseases"> respiratory diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airQ2.2.3" title=" airQ2.2.3"> airQ2.2.3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makkah" title=" Makkah"> Makkah</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28213/risk-assessment-of-particulate-matter-pm10-in-makkah-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Assessment of Knowledge and Practices of Diabetic Patients Regarding Diabetic Foot Care, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reda%20Goweda">Reda Goweda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokhtar%20Shatla"> Mokhtar Shatla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arawa%20Alzaidi"> Arawa Alzaidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arij%20Alzaidi"> Arij Alzaidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashair%20Aldhawani"> Bashair Aldhawani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hibah%20Alharbi"> Hibah Alharbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noran%20Sultan"> Noran Sultan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniah%20Alnemari"> Daniah Alnemari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badr%20Rawa"> Badr Rawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: 20.5% of Saudis between 20 and 79 years are diabetics. Diabetic foot is a chronic complication of diabetes. The incidence of non traumatic lower extremity amputations is at least 15 times greater in those with diabetes than non diabetics. Patient education is important to reduce lower extremity complications. Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices of the diabetic patients regarding foot care and diabetic foot complications. Methods: In Makkah hospitals, 350 diabetic patients who met the inclusion criteria were involved in this cross sectional study. Interviewing questionnaire and patients’ charts review were used to collect the data. Results: Mean age of patients was 53.0083±13.1 years, and mean duration of diabetes was 11.24±8.7 years. 35.1% had history of foot ulcer while 25.7% had ulcer on the time of interview. 11.7 % had history of amputation and 83.1% had numbness. 77.1 % examine their feet while 49.1% received foot care education and 34% read handouts on foot care. 34% walk around in bare feet. There is a significant statistical association between foot education, foot care practices, and diabetic foot ulcer (p-value < 0.022). Conclusion: Patient knowledge and practices regarding diabetic foot care is significantly associated with the reduction of diabetic foot ulcer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title="knowledge">knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practice" title=" practice"> practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title=" attitude"> attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title=" diabetes"> diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot" title=" foot"> foot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=care" title=" care"> care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33954/assessment-of-knowledge-and-practices-of-diabetic-patients-regarding-diabetic-foot-care-in-makkah-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis in a Tertiary Care Center at Saudi Arabia, Makkah: Case Series</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaser%20Meeralam">Yaser Meeralam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walaa%20Alharthi"> Walaa Alharthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadeel%20Ashi"> Hadeel Ashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Bakhsh"> Alaa Bakhsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kholood%20Aljabri"> Kholood Aljabri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebtihal%20Bin%20Salim"> Ebtihal Bin Salim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background:Basidiobolusranrum causes one of the rare fungal diseases that infects mainly immunocompetent individuals. Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis (GIB) is a rare and uncommon form of this fungal infection. It’s still ambiguous how this fungus is reaching the gastrointestinal tract leading to Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis. Objective: To summarize the clinical features, imaging, and histopathological of patients diagnosed with GIB in our institution. Patients and methods: A series of five cases of patients who diagnosed by basidiobolomycosis in King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, which reviewed by latest literature related to diagnosis and treatment. Results: Most of the patients were externally evaluated and were initially misdiagnosed. Some of them were suspected of colonic malignancy, other presumed to have hepatic hemangioma and fistulizing crohn’s disease. The definitive diagnosis is often based on histopathological examination and fungal culture of the surgically resected mass. An optimum standardized treatment of basidiobolomycosis has not yet been established. Conclusion: Deeper knowledge of clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of basidiobolomycosis will allow early initiating of treatment with a subsequent positive impact on the patients’ outcome. More studies are needed to establish a definite treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastrointestinal%20infection" title="gastrointestinal infection">gastrointestinal infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crohn%27s%20mimics" title=" crohn's mimics"> crohn's mimics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malignancy%20mimics" title=" malignancy mimics"> malignancy mimics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20infection" title=" fungal infection"> fungal infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152416/gastrointestinal-basidiobolomycosis-in-a-tertiary-care-center-at-saudi-arabia-makkah-case-series" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Rock Slope Stabilization and Protection for Roads and Multi-Storey Structures in Jabal Omar, Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Abdel%20Gadir%20Malik">Ibrahim Abdel Gadir Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dafalla%20Siddig%20Dafalla"> Dafalla Siddig Dafalla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelazim%20Ibrahim"> Abdelazim Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Jabal Omar is located in the western side of Makkah city in Saudi Arabia. The proposed Jabal Omar Development project includes several multi-storey buildings, roads, bridges and below ground structures founded at various depths. In this study, geological mapping and site inspection which covered pre-selected areas were carried out within the easily accessed parts. Geological features; including rock types, structures, degree of weathering, and geotechnical hazards were observed and analyzed with specified software and also were documented in form of photographs. The presence of joints and fractures in the area made the rock blocks small and weak. The site is full of jointing; it was observed that, the northern side consists of 3 to 4 jointing systems with 2 random fractures associated with dykes. The southern part is affected by 2 to 3 jointing systems with minor fault and shear zones. From the field measurements and observations, it was concluded that, the Jabal Omar intruded by andesitic and basaltic dykes of different thickness and orientation. These dykes made the outcrop weak, highly deformed and made the rock masses sensitive to weathering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock" title="rock">rock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope" title=" slope"> slope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection" title=" protection"> protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makkah" title=" Makkah"> Makkah</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32229/rock-slope-stabilization-and-protection-for-roads-and-multi-storey-structures-in-jabal-omar-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">809</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> The Effect of Using Augmented Reality Technique in a Computer Course Unit on the Academic Achievement and Attitudes of High School Female Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20A.%20Al-Hsayni">Maha A. Al-Hsayni </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Title of the Study: The Effect of Using Augmented Reality Technique in a Computer Course Unit on the Academic Achievement and Attitudes of High School Female Students. This study aimed at identifying the effect of using the Augmented Reality technique on the academic achievement of computer course at the cognitive domains (Knowledge, comprehension and analysis) with third high school female students in Holy Makkah. The researcher used: The quasi-experimental approach. The sample of the study was comprised of (55) female students in the third high school level in Holy Makkah in the second semester of the academic year 1434/1435 H. These students were assigned to two groups: The experimental group of (28) students who were taught by using the Augmented Reality technology, and the control group of (27) students, who were taught by using the traditional method. The researcher prepared a set of tools and materials, which are represented in achievement test consisted of (30) clauses, direction instrument consisted of (25) clauses and the design of augmented reality for computer study unit. The study used the following statistical methods for data analysis: Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient, means, standard deviations, t-test and analysis of covariance test ANCOVA. The study reached the following results: 1- There are statistically significance difference at ( 0.05) among the adjusted means of the experimental and control groups in the posttest at the domains of (Knowledge, comprehension and analysis) of third high school graders after adjusting the pretest 2- There are statistically significance difference at ( 0.05) among the means of pre and post-test for female students of the experimental group in the scale of attitude towards using Augmented Reality Technique. In the light of the study results, the researcher recommends the followings: The necessity of using Augmented Reality Technique in teaching computer courses for high school students. Furthermore, emphasizing the need to provide schools with educational halls equipped with instruments and screens that enable teachers to use the Augmented Reality in teaching the other courses. Also, the researcher suggested conducting more studies in order to improve the process of teaching and learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augmented%20reality%20technique" title="augmented reality technique">augmented reality technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20course%20unit" title=" computer course unit"> computer course unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20achievement" title=" academic achievement"> academic achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes" title=" attitudes"> attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20school%20female%20students" title=" high school female students"> high school female students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23873/the-effect-of-using-augmented-reality-technique-in-a-computer-course-unit-on-the-academic-achievement-and-attitudes-of-high-school-female-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Retina Clinic at a Tertiary Center in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Record Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahaf%20Mandura">Rahaf Mandura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatmah%20Abusharkh"> Fatmah Abusharkh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Layan%20Kurdi"> Layan Kurdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahaf%20Shigdar"> Rahaf Shigdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadijah%20Alattas"> Khadijah Alattas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in older individuals are serious health issues that severely impact the quality of life of millions globally. In 2020, the fourth leading cause of blindness worldwide was AMD. The global prevalence of AMD is estimated to be around 8.7%. AMD is a progressive disease involving the macular region of the retina, and it has a complex pathophysiology. RPE cell dysfunction plays a crucial step in the pathway leading to irreversible degeneration of photoreceptors with yellowish lipid-rich, protein-containing drusen deposits accumulating between Bruch's membrane and the RPE. Furthermore, lipofuscinogenesis, drusogenesis, inflammation, and neovascularization are four main processes responsible for the formation of the two types of AMD: the wet (exudative, neovascular) and dry (non-exudative, geographic atrophy) types. We retrospectively evaluated the prevalence of AMD among patients visiting the retina clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (Jeddah, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia) to identify the commonly associated risk factors of AMD. Methods: The records of 3,067 individuals from 2017 to 2021 were reviewed. Of these, 1,935 satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. We excluded all patient below 18 years, and those who did not undergo fundus imaging or attend their booked appointments, follow-ups, treatments, and referrals were excluded. Results: The prevalence of AMD among the patients was 4%. The age of patients with AMD was significantly greater than those without AMD (72.4 ± 9.8 years vs. 57.2 ± 15.5 years; p < 0.001). Participants with a family history of AMD tended to have the disease more than those without such a history (85.7% vs. 45%; p = 0.043). Ex- and current smokers were more likely to have AMD than non-smokers (34% and 18.6% vs. 7.2%; p < 0.001). Patients with hypertension and those without type 1 diabetes were at a higher risk of developing AMD than those without hypertension (5.5% vs. 2.8%; p = 0.002) and those with type 1 diabetes (4.2% vs. 0.8%; p = 0.040). In contrast, sex, nationality, type 2 diabetes, and abnormal lipid profile were not significantly associated with AMD. Regarding the clinical characteristics of AMD cases, most cases (70.4%) were of the dry type and affected both eyes (77.2%). The disease duration was ≥5 years in 43.1% of the patients. The most frequent chronic diseases associated with AMD were type 2 diabetes (69.1%), hypertension (61.7%), and dyslipidemia (18.5%). Conclusion: In summary, our single tertiary center study showed that AMD is widely prevalent in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (4%) and linked to a wide range of risk factors. Some of these are modifiable risk factors that can be adjusted to help reduce AMD occurrence. Furthermore, this study has shown the importance of screening and follow-up of family members of patients with AMD to promote early detection and intervention of AMD. We recommend conducting further research on AMD in Saudi Arabia. Concerning the study design, a community-based cross-sectional study would be more helpful for assessing the disease's prevalence. Finally, recruiting a larger sample size is required for more accurate estimation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20related%20macular%20degeneration" title="age related macular degeneration">age related macular degeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevelence" title=" prevelence"> prevelence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factor" title=" risk factor"> risk factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20AMD" title=" dry AMD"> dry AMD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186993/prevalence-and-associated-risk-factors-of-age-related-macular-degeneration-in-the-retina-clinic-at-a-tertiary-center-in-makkah-province-saudi-arabia-a-retrospective-record-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">42</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> The Importance of Political Advice in Islam: Hadith Thematical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurzarimah%20Jamil">Nurzarimah Jamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Nazaruddin%20Jamil"> Mohd Nazaruddin Jamil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is a preliminary study about The Importance of Political Advice in Islam: Ḥadīth Thematical Study by showing the concept and proper ways to advice to politician based on hadith Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The unique of political advice in Islam that Muslim already have the strong and fulfil example that can be apply in nowadays governance that is the way of political and leadership Prophet Muhammad show in his time. As a political leader, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) established a great state whose capital was Madinah. However, his real political leadership was in the realm of morality and spirituality in which he conducted himself perfectly in situations of weakness as well as strength. His way of dealing in Makkah and Madinah indicates his great political leadership. Based on fact nowadays some of the country not practicing the proper way to advice to rulers or governance that make a lot of madness around them. This paper also aims the concept and the proper way that can be following to all Muslim to advising by the politeness, justice and kindness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20advice" title=" political advice"> political advice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prophet%20Muhammad" title=" Prophet Muhammad"> Prophet Muhammad</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73118/the-importance-of-political-advice-in-islam-hadith-thematical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73118.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Reconnaissance Geophysical Study on the Southeastern Part of Al-Qashah Aera, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Al-Bakri">Ali Al-Bakri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Sazid"> Mohammed Sazid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The investigated study area locates about 72 km from Jeddah city, Makkah district, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study mainly aimed to define only in detail the most significant zones of possible mineralization and outline their subsurface parameters (location and strike) in the southeast part of Jabal Al-Qashah. Several geophysical methods have been conducted to carry out the goal. Among these methods are the ground magnetic method, self-potential (SP) method, and induced polarization (IP) method. Integrating these methods aims to help in delineating the possible mineralization in the study area. The magnetic survey was conducted along 17 profiles where these profiles were chosen to be perpendicular to the strike of the quartz shear zone. Self-potential was applied along with five profiles covering the study area. At the same time, induced polarization was used along with one profile located at the western side of the study area corresponding to some magnetic and SP profiles. The most interesting zones of mineralization were successfully determined by comparing the results of residual magnetic profile (3), SP profile (1), and IP profile, where geological structures control some mineralization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geophysical%20methods" title="geophysical methods">geophysical methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20method" title=" magnetic method"> magnetic method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-potential" title=" self-potential"> self-potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induced%20polarization" title=" induced polarization"> induced polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jabal%20Al-Qashah" title=" Jabal Al-Qashah"> Jabal Al-Qashah</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151546/reconnaissance-geophysical-study-on-the-southeastern-part-of-al-qashah-aera-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Attaining Financial Efficiency through Funds Utilization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Shujaat%20Saleem">Muhammad Shujaat Saleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imamuddin"> Imamuddin </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In reply to the argument made by the non-believers of Makkah “Sale is similar to riba”, Almighty Allah ordered “Sale is permissible while riba is impermissible”. The main intent of the study was to clarify the fallacy prevailing among the Muslims that in practical terms the product of Murabaha which is being offered by the Islamic banks is similar to that of conventional interest based business loan. However, specific objective was to ascertain the degree of financial efficiency on the basis of fund/loan utilization for intended purpose of Murabaha financing vis-à-vis conventional interest based business loan. The study employed survey strategy to collect primary data through structured close ended questionnaires from the sample of 98 Murabaha officers and 178 loan officers out of the whole population of 5 Islamic and 10 conventional banks respectively. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to analyze the data and the same is tabulated by use of frequency tables. The study found that the financial efficiency of Murabaha financing is more than that of conventional interest based business loan by 28% as Murabaha funds of Islamic banks are utilized for its intended purpose to the extent of 97% on average, compared to 69% of business loan offered by conventional banks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20efficiency" title="financial efficiency">financial efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=murabaha%20funds" title=" murabaha funds"> murabaha funds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loan%20amount" title=" loan amount"> loan amount</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intended%20purpose" title=" intended purpose"> intended purpose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18116/attaining-financial-efficiency-through-funds-utilization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Mobile Application to Generate Automate Plan for Tourist in The South and West of Saudi Arabia, Saferk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20M.%20Alghamdi">Hanan M. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kholud%20E.%20Alsalami"> Kholud E. Alsalami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manal%20I.%20Alshaikhi"> Manal I. Alshaikhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouf%20M.%20Alsalami"> Nouf M. Alsalami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20A.%20Awad"> Sara A. Awad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruqaya%20A.%20Alrabei"> Ruqaya A. Alrabei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tourism in Saudi Arabia is one of the emerging sectors with rapid growth. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is characterized by its wonderful and historical areas, which constitute important cultural and tourist landmarks. These landmarks attract the attention of the government of Saudi Arabia; hence the improvement of the tourism sector becomes one of the important axes of Saudi Arabia's vision 2030. There is a need to enhance the tourist experience by facilitating the tourism process for visitors to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This project aims to design an application to serve domestic tourists and visitors from outside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This application will contain an automated tourist generate plan service by sentiment analysis of comments in Google Map using Lexicon for method Rule-based approach. There are thirteen regions in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The regions supported in this application will be Makkah and Asir regions. According to the output of the sentiment analysis, the application will recommend restaurants and cafes, activities (parks, museums) and shopping (shopping centers) in the generated plan. After that, the system will show the user a drop-down list of “Mega-events in Saudi Arabia” containing a link to the site of events in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. and “important information for you” public decency regulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourist%20automated%20plan" title="tourist automated plan">tourist automated plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentiment%20analysis" title=" sentiment analysis"> sentiment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comments%20in%20google%20map" title=" comments in google map"> comments in google map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20in%20Saudi%20Arabia" title=" tourism in Saudi Arabia"> tourism in Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148130/mobile-application-to-generate-automate-plan-for-tourist-in-the-south-and-west-of-saudi-arabia-saferk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Performance Evaluation of Diverging Diamond Interchange Compared to Single Point Diamond Interchange in Riyadh City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maged%20A.%20Mogalli">Maged A. Mogalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20I.%20Al-Mansour"> Abdullah I. Al-Mansour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seongkwan%20Mark%20Lee"> Seongkwan Mark Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last decades, population growth has gradually exceeded transportation infrastructure growth, and today’s transportation professionals are facing challenge on how to meet the mobility needs of a rising population especially in the absence of adequate public transport, as is the case in Saudi Arabia. The traffic movement congestion can be decreased by carrying out some appropriate alternative designs of interchanges such as diverging diamond interchange (DDI) and single diamond interchange (SPDI). In this paper, evaluation of newly implemented DDIs at the interchange of Makkah road with Prince Turki road and the interchange of King Khaled road with Prince Saud Ibn Mohammed Ibn Mugrin road in Riyadh city was carried out. The comparison between the DDI and SPDI is conducted by evaluating different measures of effectiveness (MOE) such as stop delay, average queue length, and number of stops. In this connection, each interchange type was evaluated for traffic flow at peak hours using micro-simulation program namely 'Synchro/SimTarffic' to measure its effectiveness such as stop delay, average queue length, and number of stops. The results of this study show that DDI provides a better result when compared with SPDI in terms of stope delay, average queue length, and number of stops. The stop delay for the SPDI is greater than DDI by three times. Also, the average queue length is approximately twice that of the SPDI when compared to the DDI. Furthermore, the number of stops for the SPDI is about twice as the DDI. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20point%20diamond%20interchange" title="single point diamond interchange">single point diamond interchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diverging%20diamond%20interchange" title=" diverging diamond interchange"> diverging diamond interchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measures%20of%20effectiveness" title=" measures of effectiveness"> measures of effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105752/performance-evaluation-of-diverging-diamond-interchange-compared-to-single-point-diamond-interchange-in-riyadh-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Utility of CK7, CK20 and CDX-2 as a Potential Panel in Differentiating Primary Ovarian Surface Epithelial Tumors from Metastatic Adenocarcinoma to the Ovary</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Esheba">Ghada Esheba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghadeer%20Aldoobi"> Ghadeer Aldoobi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salwa%20Almalk"> Salwa Almalk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abrar%20Alshareef"> Abrar Alshareef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Al-khairi"> Eman Al-khairi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Yaseen"> Eman Yaseen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: In Saudi Arabia, ovarian cancer ranked seventh among female population and is the most common female genital tract malignancy after endometrial cancer. A slight increase in the incidence of ovarian cancer was observed from 2001–2008. Makkah, Riyadh, and the eastern region of Saudi Arabia had the highest incidence rate ratio for the number of ovarian cancer cases (1). Differentiating metastatic adenocarcinomas from primary ovarian carcinomas, especially those of endometrioid and mucinous type is clinically signiﬁcant and a challenge for clinicians and pathologists, yet the distinction has important therapeutic and prognostic implications. Aim: To clarify the most important histopathological criteria to differentiate between primary ovarian surface epithelial tumors especially mucinous and endometrioid subtypes, and metastatic adenocarcinoma and to evaluate the value of a panel of antibodies consisting of CK7, CK20, and CDX-2 in the distinction between primary ovarian surface epithelial tumors and metastatic adenocarcinoma. Material and methods: This study was carried out on 26 cases of primary ovarian surface epithelial neoplasms and 14 cases of metastatic ovarian adenocarcinoma. All cases were studied immunohistochemically using CK7, CK20, and CDX-2. Results: All cases of primary ovarian adenocarcinoma were positive for CK7. 25% and 58% of mucinous borderline mucinous tumor and mucinous carcinoma respectively were positive for CK20. Only 42% of mucinous carcinoma were positive for CDX-2. All cases of endometrioid carcinomas were negative for both CK20 and CDX-2. All cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma from the colon were negative for CK7 and positive for CK20 and CDX-2. Conclusions: CK7 is an important positive marker for primary ovarian tumors, while CK20 and CDX-2 are useful markers for colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the ovary. Caution should be taken as primary ovarian mucinous tumors may stain positive for CK20, CDX-2, or both, however, they usually exhibit a focal pattern of reactivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adenoma" title="adenoma">adenoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endometrioid" title=" endometrioid"> endometrioid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malignancy" title=" malignancy"> malignancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovarian" title=" ovarian"> ovarian</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43930/utility-of-ck7-ck20-and-cdx-2-as-a-potential-panel-in-differentiating-primary-ovarian-surface-epithelial-tumors-from-metastatic-adenocarcinoma-to-the-ovary" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43930.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Impact of Short-Term Drought on Vegetation Health Condition in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Using Space Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Ghoneim">E. Ghoneim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Narron"> C. Narron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Iqbal"> I. Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Hassan"> I. Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Hammam"> E. Hammam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The scarcity of water is becoming a more prominent threat, especially in areas that are already arid in nature. Although the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is an arid country, its southwestern region offers a high variety of botanical landscapes, many of which are wooded forests, while the eastern and northern regions offer large areas of groundwater irrigated farmlands. At present, some parts of KSA, including forests and farmlands, have witnessed protracted and severe drought due to change in rainfall pattern as a result of global climate change. Such prolonged drought that last for several consecutive years is expected to cause deterioration of forested and pastured lands as well as cause crop failure in the KSA (e.g., wheat yield). An analysis to determine vegetation drought vulnerability and severity during the growing season (September-April) over a fourteen year period (2000-2014) in KSA was conducted using MODIS Terra imagery. The Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and the Temperature Condition Index (TCI), derived from the Land Surface Temperature (LST) data was extracted from MODIS Terra Images. The VCI and TCI were then combined to compute the Vegetation Health Index (VHI). The VHI revealed the overall vegetation health for the area under investigation. A preliminary outcome of the modeled VHI over KSA, using averaged monthly vegetation data over a 14-year period, revealed that the vegetation health condition is deteriorating over time in both naturally vegetated areas and irrigated farmlands. The derived drought map for KSA indicates that both extreme and severe drought occurrences have considerably increased over the same study period. Moreover, based on the cumulative average of drought frequency in each governorate of KSA it was determined that Makkah and Jizan governorates to the east and southwest, witness the most frequency of extreme drought, whereas Tabuk to the northwest, exhibits the less extreme drought frequency. Areas where drought is extreme or severe would most likely have negative influences on agriculture, ecosystems, tourism, and even human welfare. With the drought risk map the kingdom could make informed land management decisions including were to continue with agricultural endeavors and protect forested areas and even where to develop new settlements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title="drought">drought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetation%20health%20condition" title=" vegetation health condition"> vegetation health condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TCI" title=" TCI"> TCI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18057/impact-of-short-term-drought-on-vegetation-health-condition-in-the-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia-using-space-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> The Enlightenment Project in the Arab World: Saudi Arabia as a Case Study in Modern Islamic Thought</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khawla%20Almulla">Khawla Almulla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is noticed that many Arab intellectuals have called to the need and the importance of enlightenment and its application in their communities, such as Saudi Arabia. To every Islamic state, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia represents a strategic cornerstone, since it is considered the cradle of Islam. It is the Land of the Two Holy Mosques: the Holy Mosque in Makkah surrounding the Kaaba, towards which all Muslims around the world turn while performing daily prayers and even travel to if possible in order to perform the Hajj (Pilgrimage). It also has the Prophet'ـ‘s Holy Mosque in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, which contains the tomb of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Therefore, Saudi Arabia occupies an eminent position among Arab and Islamic countries on a religious level. Saudi Arabia has become the most influential country in the Arab world, since it has one-third of the oil resources outside Central Asia, China and Russia .It is the world’s largest producer and exporter of oil. Discovering oil in Saudi Arabia converted it from an important country for Muslims-only to an important country for the major industrial countries and also the developing countries, as well. For various reasons, the diversity of intellectual currents can play a significant role in each community by way of cultural improvement, the development of civilization and the education of people until they become accustomed to accepting or rejecting opinions or ideas which differ from or oppose their own. In addition, the intellectual pluralism and cultural diversity can play a variety of roles. This helps promote dialogue and understanding between different groups or schools of thought. It can also develop cognitive skills, by exchanging ideas and views between different schools and intellectual currents. However, in Saudi Arabia there is much to oppose this plurality. The situation today shows that having a variety of ideologies and differences of cultures are not considered a reasonable way to develop intellectually as an individual or as a country. Rather the opposite is recommended, such that the ideologies of different groups are enough to bring out intellectual conflict and then to the segregation of society. As a consequence, extremism of thought from the different currents in Saudi Arabia has become apparent. This research is of great importance in its exploration of two significant themes. First, it highlights the Saudi Arabian background, in particular the historical, religious and social contexts, in order to understand the background of each religious or liberal movement and find the core of the intellectual differences between them. In addition, the aim of this research is to show the importance of moderation in Islamic thought in Saudi Arabia by tracing the thoughts and views of Dr Salman Al-Odah, whom he has considered to be the most important moderate thinker in Saudi Arabia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20movements" title=" intellectual movements"> intellectual movements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20movements" title=" religious movements"> religious movements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extremism" title=" extremism"> extremism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moderation" title=" moderation"> moderation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salafism" title=" Salafism"> Salafism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberalism" title=" liberalism"> liberalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Al-Odah" title=" Salman Al-Odah"> Salman Al-Odah</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46370/the-enlightenment-project-in-the-arab-world-saudi-arabia-as-a-case-study-in-modern-islamic-thought" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> The Awareness of Cardiovascular Diseases among General Population in Western Regions of Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Saeed%20Alghamdi">Ali Saeed Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basel%20Mazen%20Alsolami"> Basel Mazen Alsolami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basel%20Saeed%20Alghamdi"> Basel Saeed Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhanad%20Saleh%20Alzahrani%20Alamri"> Muhanad Saleh Alzahrani Alamri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Anwar%20Thabet"> Salman Anwar Thabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulhalim%20J.%20Kinsara"> Abdulhalim J. Kinsara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: This study measures the knowledge of the cardiovascular disease among the general population in western regions of Saudi Arabia, and it aimed to increase the level of awareness about cardiovascular diseases among the general population by providing an awareness lecture that included information about the risk factors, major symptoms, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The lecture has been attached at the end of the questionnaire. Setting: This study was conducted through an online questionnaire that included our aim and main objectives that targeted the general population in the Western regions of Saudi Arabia (Makkah and Madinah regions). Participants: This study participants were 460 collected through an online questionnaire. Methods: All Saudi citizens and residents who live in the western region of Saudi Arabia aged 18 years and above will be invited to participate voluntarily. A pre-structured questionnaire was designed to collect data on age, gender, marital status, education level, occupation, lifestyle habits, and history of heart diseases, with cardiac symptoms and risk factors sections. Results: The majority of respondents were females (74.8%) and Saudis. The knowledge about cardiovascular disease risk factors was weak. Only (18.5%) scores an excellent response regarding risk factors awareness. Lack of exercise, stress, and obesity were the most known risk factors. Regarding cardiovascular disease symptoms, chest pain scores the highest symptom (87.6%) among other symptoms like dyspnea, syncope, and excessive sweating. Participants revealed a poor awareness regarding cardiovascular disease symptoms also (0.9%). However, preventable factors for cardiovascular diseases were more knowledgeable than others categories in this study (60% fall into excellent knowledge). Smoking cessation, normal cholesterol level, and normal blood pressure score the highest preventable methods (92.2%), (88.6%), and (78.7%) respectively. 83.7% of the participant have attended the awareness lecture, and 99 of the attendees reported that the lecture increased their knowledge about cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: This study discussed the level of community awareness of cardiovascular disease in terms of symptoms, risk factors, and protective factors. We found a huge lack of the participant's level of knowledge about the disease and how to prevent it. Moreover, we measure the prevalence of the comorbidities among our participants (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia/ hypertriglyceridemia) and their extent of adherence to their medication. In conclusion, this study not only demonstrates awareness of cardiovascular disease risk factors, symptoms, management, and the association between each domain but also provides educational material. Further educational material and campaigns are required to increase awareness and knowledge about cardiovascular diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title="awareness">awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20diseases" title=" cardiovascular diseases"> cardiovascular diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137185/the-awareness-of-cardiovascular-diseases-among-general-population-in-western-regions-of-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Effect of Nigella Sativa Seeds and Ajwa Date on Blood Glucose Level in Saudi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reham%20Algheshairy">Reham Algheshairy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Tayeb"> Khaled Tayeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Smith"> Christopher Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebecca%20Gregg"> Rebecca Gregg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruna%20Musa"> Haruna Musa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Diabetes is a medical condition that refers to the pancreas’ inability to secrete sufficient insulin levels, a hormone responsible for controlling glucose levels in the body. Any surplus glucose in the blood stream is excreted through the urinary system. Insulin resistance in blood cells can also cause this condition despite the fact that the pancreas is producing the required amount of insulin A number of researchers claim that the prevalence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia has reached epidemic proportions, although one study did observe one positive in the rise in the awareness of diabetes, possibly indicative of Saudi Arabia’s improving healthcare system. While a number of factors can cause diabetes, the ever-increasing incidence of the disease in Saudi Arabia has been blamed primarily on low levels of physical activity and high levels of obesity. Objectives: The project has two aims. The first aim of the project is to investigate the regulatory effects of consumption of Nigella seeds and Ajwah dates on blood glucose levels in diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes. The second aim of the project is to investigate whether these dietary factors may have potentially beneficial effects in controlling the complications that associated with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This use a random-cross intervention trail of 75 Saudi male and female with type 2 diabetes in Al-Noor hospital in Makkah ( KSA) aged between 18 and 70 years were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 will consume 2g of Nigella Sativa seeds daily along with a modified diet for 12 weeks, group 2 will be given Ajwah dates daily with a modified diet for 12 weeks and group 3 will follow a modified diet for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were taken at baseline, along with bloods for HbA1c, fasting blood sugar and at the end of 12 weeks. Results: This study found significant decrease in blood level (FBG & 2PPBG) and HbA1c in the groups with diet and Nigella seeds) compared to Ajwa date. However, there is no significant change were found in HbA1c, FBG and 2hrpp regarding Ajwa group. Conclusion: This study illustrated a significant improvement in some markers of glycaemia following 2 g of Ns and diet for 12 weeks. The dose of 2g/day of consumed Nigella seeds was found to be more effective in controlling BGL and HbA1c than control and Ajwa groups. This suggests that Nigella seeds and following a diet may have a potential effect (a role in controlling outcomes for type 2 diabetes and controlling the disease). Further research is needed on a large scale to determine the optimum dose and duration of Nigella and Ajwa in order to achieve the desired results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20diabetes" title="type 2 diabetes">type 2 diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigella%20seeds" title=" Nigella seeds"> Nigella seeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajwa%20dates" title=" Ajwa dates"> Ajwa dates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fasting%20blood%20glucose" title=" fasting blood glucose"> fasting blood glucose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title=" control"> control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48597/effect-of-nigella-sativa-seeds-and-ajwa-date-on-blood-glucose-level-in-saudi-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul 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