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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prime Minister</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prime_Minister-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prime Minister subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prime_Minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Appointment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Appointment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Falklands_Crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Falklands_Crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Falklands Crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Falklands_Crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_War_of_Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_War_of_Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>American War of Independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_War_of_Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resignation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Resignation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-premiership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-premiership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Post-premiership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-premiership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-premiership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-premiership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fox–North_coalition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fox–North_coalition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Fox–North coalition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fox–North_coalition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Later years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles,_styles_and_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles,_styles_and_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Titles, styles and arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles,_styles_and_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederick North, Lord North</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB" title="فريديريك نورث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فريديريك نورث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Фрэдэрык Норт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрэдэрык Норт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Фрэдэрык Норт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фрэдэрык Норт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Фредерик Норт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фредерик Норт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North" title="Frederick North – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Frederick North" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North" title="Frederick North – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frederick North" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North,_2._Earl_of_Guilford" title="Frederick North, 2. Earl of Guilford – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frederick North, 2. Earl of Guilford" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North,_II_conde_de_Guilford" title="Frederick North, II conde de Guilford – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frederick North, II conde de Guilford" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North" title="Frederick North – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frederick North" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB" title="فردریک نورث – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فردریک نورث" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North" title="Frederick North – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frederick North" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Frederick North, Lord North" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Frederick North, Lord North" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B2%BD_%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD_%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="노스 경 프레더릭 노스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노스 경 프레더릭 노스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North" title="Frederick North – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frederick North" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North" title="Frederick North – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frederick North" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA%27" title="פרדריק נורת' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרדריק נורת'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North,_Arlodh_North" title="Frederick North, Arlodh North – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Frederick North, Arlodh North" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridericus_North" title="Fridericus North – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fridericus North" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="फ्रेडरिक नॉर्थ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रेडरिक नॉर्थ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB_(%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85%D9%89)" title="فريديريك نورث (سياسى من مملكه بريطانيا العظمى) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فريديريك نورث (سياسى من مملكه بريطانيا العظمى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North" title="Frederick North – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frederick North" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%87%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9_(%E7%AC%AC2%E4%BB%A3%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5)" title="フレデリック・ノース (第2代ギルフォード伯爵) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレデリック・ノース (第2代ギルフォード伯爵)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North" title="Frederick North – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frederick North" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North_(2._hrabia_Guilford)" title="Frederick North (2. hrabia Guilford) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frederick North (2. hrabia Guilford)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North,_2.%C2%BA_Conde_de_Guilford" title="Frederick North, 2.º Conde de Guilford – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frederick North, 2.º Conde de Guilford" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North" title="Frederick North – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frederick North" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Норт, Фредерик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Норт, Фредерик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Frederick North, Lord North" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North" title="Frederick North – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Frederick North" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North" title="Frederick North – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frederick North" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_North,_2:e_earl_av_Guilford" title="Frederick North, 2:e earl av Guilford – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frederick North, 2:e earl av Guilford" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94" title="เฟรเดอริก นอร์ท เอิร์ลที่ 2 แห่งกิลฟอร์ด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฟรเดอริก นอร์ท เอิร์ลที่ 2 แห่งกิลฟอร์ด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Фредерик Норт – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фредерик Норт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Lord North" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lord_North_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lord North (disambiguation)">Lord North (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Earl of Guilford</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederick_North,_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_by_Nathaniel_Dance,_(later_Sir_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland,_Bt).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_by_Nathaniel_Dance%2C_%28later_Sir_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland%2C_Bt%29.jpg/220px-Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_by_Nathaniel_Dance%2C_%28later_Sir_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland%2C_Bt%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_by_Nathaniel_Dance%2C_%28later_Sir_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland%2C_Bt%29.jpg/330px-Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_by_Nathaniel_Dance%2C_%28later_Sir_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland%2C_Bt%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_by_Nathaniel_Dance%2C_%28later_Sir_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland%2C_Bt%29.jpg/440px-Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_by_Nathaniel_Dance%2C_%28later_Sir_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland%2C_Bt%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3047" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Dance-Holland" title="Nathaniel Dance-Holland">Nathaniel Dance-Holland</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1773–74</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Great Britain">Prime Minister of Great Britain</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />28 January 1770 – 27 March 1782</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Duke_of_Grafton" class="mw-redirect" title="The Duke of Grafton">The Duke of Grafton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Marquess_of_Rockingham" class="mw-redirect" title="The Marquess of Rockingham">The Marquess of Rockingham</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2 April 1783 – 19 December 1783</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Duke_of_Portland" class="mw-redirect" title="The Duke of Portland">The Duke of Portland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Townshend,_1st_Viscount_Sydney" title="Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney">Thomas Townshend</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Nugent-Temple-Grenville,_1st_Marquess_of_Buckingham" title="George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham">The Earl Temple</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 September 1767 – 27 March 1782</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Earl_of_Chatham" class="mw-redirect" title="The Earl of Chatham">The Earl of Chatham</a></li><li>The Duke of Grafton</li><li>Himself</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townshend" title="Charles Townshend">Charles Townshend</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Cavendish" title="Lord John Cavendish">Lord John Cavendish</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Paymaster_of_the_Forces" title="Paymaster of the Forces">Paymaster of the Forces</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 August 1766 – 9 December 1767<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/George_Cooke_(died_1768)" title="George Cooke (died 1768)">George Cooke</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">The Earl of Chatham</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Charles Townshend</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Thomas Townshend</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of Parliament<br />for <a href="/wiki/Banbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Banbury (UK Parliament constituency)">Banbury</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 May 1754 – 4 August 1790</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Willes_(1721%E2%80%931784)" title="John Willes (1721–1784)">John Willes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_North,_3rd_Earl_of_Guilford" title="George North, 3rd Earl of Guilford">George North, Lord North</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1732-04-13</span>)</span>13 April 1732<br /><a href="/wiki/Piccadilly" title="Piccadilly">Piccadilly</a>, London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 August 1792<span style="display:none">(1792-08-05)</span> (aged 60)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mayfair" title="Mayfair">Mayfair</a>, London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">All Saints' Church, <a href="/wiki/Wroxton" title="Wroxton">Wroxton</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig</a> (1754–1770)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tory</a> (1770–1790)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Speke" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Speke">Anne Speke</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="20 May 1756">1756</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">7, including <a href="/wiki/George_North,_3rd_Earl_of_Guilford" title="George North, 3rd Earl of Guilford">George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_North,_4th_Earl_of_Guilford" title="Francis North, 4th Earl of Guilford">Francis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_5th_Earl_of_Guilford" title="Frederick North, 5th Earl of Guilford">Frederick</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_North,_1st_Earl_of_Guilford" title="Francis North, 1st Earl of Guilford">Francis North, 1st Earl of Guilford</a> (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Oxford" title="Trinity College, Oxford">Trinity College, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederick_North,_Lord_North_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frederick North, Lord North's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Frederick_North%2C_Lord_North_Signature.svg/128px-Frederick_North%2C_Lord_North_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Frederick_North%2C_Lord_North_Signature.svg/192px-Frederick_North%2C_Lord_North_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Frederick_North%2C_Lord_North_Signature.svg/256px-Frederick_North%2C_Lord_North_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span> (13 April 1732 – 5 August 1792), better known by his <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom">courtesy title</a> <b>Lord North</b>, which he used from 1752 to 1790, was <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Great Britain">Prime Minister of Great Britain</a> from 1770 to 1782. He led <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> through most of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. He also held a number of other cabinet posts, including <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a>. </p><p>North's reputation among historians has varied wildly, reaching its lowest point in the late 19th century, when he was depicted as a creature of the king and an incompetent who lost the American colonies. In the early 20th century, a revised view emerged which emphasised his strengths in administering the Treasury, handling the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Great_Britain" title="House of Commons of Great Britain">House of Commons</a>, and in defending the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>. Historian <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Butterfield" title="Herbert Butterfield">Herbert Butterfield</a>, however, argued that his indolence was a barrier to efficient crisis management; he neglected his role in supervising the entire war effort.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_and_family">Birth and family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Birth and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North was born in London on 13 April 1732 at the family house at <a href="/wiki/Albemarle_Street" title="Albemarle Street">Albemarle Street</a>, just off <a href="/wiki/Piccadilly" title="Piccadilly">Piccadilly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spent much of his youth at <a href="/wiki/Wroxton_Abbey" title="Wroxton Abbey">Wroxton Abbey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>. North's strong resemblance to King <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> suggested to contemporaries that George III's father, <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Frederick, Prince of Wales">Frederick, Prince of Wales</a>, might have been North's real father, making North the king's half-brother, a theory compatible with the prince's reputation but supported by little else other than the circumstantial evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King <a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">George IV</a> remarked that "either his royal grandfather or North's mother must have played her husband false",<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North's father, <a href="/wiki/Francis_North,_1st_Earl_of_Guilford" title="Francis North, 1st Earl of Guilford">Francis North, 1st Earl of Guilford</a>, was from 1730 to 1751 <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Bedchamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of the Bedchamber">Lord of the Bedchamber</a> to Frederick, Prince of Wales, who stood as <a href="/wiki/Godparent" title="Godparent">godfather</a> to the infant, christened Frederick, possibly in honour of his real father.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North was descended from <a href="/wiki/Henry_Montagu,_1st_Earl_of_Manchester" title="Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester">Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester</a>, paternal uncle of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Montagu,_1st_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich">Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich</a> and was related to <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pepys" title="Samuel Pepys">Samuel Pepys</a> and the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Earl_of_Bute" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Earl of Bute">3rd Earl of Bute</a>. He at times had a slightly turbulent relationship with his father Francis North, yet they were very close. In his early years, the family was not wealthy, though their situation improved in 1735 when his father inherited property from his cousin.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frederick's mother, Lady Lucy Montagu, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/George_Montagu,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="George Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax">George Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax</a> and his first wife, Ricarda Posthuma Staltonstall, died in 1734. His father remarried, but his stepmother, Elizabeth Kaye, widow of George Legge, Viscount Lewisham, eldest son of <a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_1st_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth">William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth</a> and his wife, Lady Anne Finch, third daughter of <a href="/wiki/Heneage_Finch,_1st_Earl_of_Aylesford" title="Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Aylesford">Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Aylesford</a>, died in 1745, when Frederick was thirteen. One of his stepbrothers was <a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_2nd_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth">William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth</a>, who remained a close friend for life.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was educated at <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a> between 1742 and 1748 and at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Oxford" title="Trinity College, Oxford">Trinity College, Oxford</a>, where in 1750 he was awarded an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Oxbridge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Arts (Oxbridge)">MA</a>. After leaving <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>, he travelled in Europe on a <a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a> with Lord Dartmouth. They stayed in <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> for nearly nine months, studying under the constitutional scholar <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Jacob_Mascov" class="extiw" title="de:Johann Jacob Mascov">Johann Jacob Mascov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They continued through Austria and Italy, staying in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> from December 1752 to Easter 1753, then through Switzerland to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, returning to England in early 1754.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederick_North,_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_(1753).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_%281753%29.jpg/170px-Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_%281753%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_%281753%29.jpg/255px-Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_%281753%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_%281753%29.jpg/340px-Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_%281753%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Lord_North" title="Portrait of Lord North">Portrait of Lord North</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Pompeo_Batoni" title="Pompeo Batoni">Pompeo Batoni</a> (1753)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_Parliament">Member of Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Member of Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 15 April 1754, North, then 22, was elected unopposed as the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">member of parliament</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Banbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Banbury (UK Parliament constituency)">constituency of Banbury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as an MP from 1754 to 1790 and joined the government as a junior <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of the Treasury">Lord of the Treasury</a> on 2 June 1759 during the <a href="/wiki/Pitt%E2%80%93Newcastle_ministry" title="Pitt–Newcastle ministry">Pitt–Newcastle ministry</a> (an alliance between <a href="/wiki/The_Duke_of_Newcastle" class="mw-redirect" title="The Duke of Newcastle">the Duke of Newcastle</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Elder" class="mw-redirect" title="William Pitt the Elder">William Pitt the Elder</a>). He soon developed a reputation as a good administrator and parliamentarian and was generally liked by his colleagues. Although he initially considered himself a <a href="/wiki/Whig_(British_political_faction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whig (British political faction)">Whig</a>, he did not closely align with any of the Whig factions in Parliament, and it became obvious to many contemporaries that his sympathies were largely <a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was appointed <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant-Colonel</a> of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Somerset_Militia" title="1st Somerset Militia">1st Somerset Militia</a> on 23 June 1759 when it was embodied for fulltime service, and commanded it in the West Country for <a href="/wiki/John_Poulett,_2nd_Earl_Poulett" title="John Poulett, 2nd Earl Poulett">Earl Poulett</a>, the colonel, who was also <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Somerset" title="Lord Lieutenant of Somerset">Lord Lieutenant of Somerset</a>. However, North resigned in November 1761 and concentrated on his political career.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1763, he was chosen to speak for the government concerning radical MP <a href="/wiki/John_Wilkes" title="John Wilkes">John Wilkes</a>. Wilkes had made a savage attack on both the Prime Minister and the king in his newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/The_North_Briton" title="The North Briton">The North Briton</a></i>, which many thought libellous. North's motion that Wilkes be expelled from the House of Commons passed by 273 votes to 111. Wilkes' expulsion took place in his absence, as he had already fled to France following a duel.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_government">In government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When a government headed by the Whig magnate <a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_Lord_Rockingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, Lord Rockingham">Charles Watson-Wentworth, Lord Rockingham</a> came to power in 1765, North left his post and served for a time as a <a href="/wiki/Backbench_MP" class="mw-redirect" title="Backbench MP">backbench MP</a>. He turned down an offer by Rockingham to rejoin the government, not wanting to be associated with the Whig <a href="/wiki/Grandee" title="Grandee">grandees</a> that dominated the Ministry.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He returned to office when Pitt returned to head a second government in 1766. North was appointed Joint <a href="/wiki/Paymaster_of_the_Forces" title="Paymaster of the Forces">Paymaster of the Forces</a> in Pitt's ministry and became a <a href="/wiki/Privy_Counsellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Counsellor">Privy Counsellor</a>. As Pitt was constantly ill, the government was effectively run by <a href="/wiki/Augustus_FitzRoy,_3rd_Duke_of_Grafton" title="Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton">Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton</a>, with North as one of its most senior members.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1767, he succeeded <a href="/wiki/Charles_Townshend" title="Charles Townshend">Charles Townshend</a> as <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a>. With the resignation of the secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Henry_Seymour_Conway" title="Henry Seymour Conway">Henry Seymour Conway</a> in early 1768, North became <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the Commons</a> as well. He continued to serve when Pitt was succeeded by Grafton in October.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_Minister">Prime Minister<span class="anchor" id="Premiership"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Prime Minister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/North_ministry" title="North ministry">North ministry</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_state_tinkers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/The_state_tinkers.jpg/220px-The_state_tinkers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/The_state_tinkers.jpg/330px-The_state_tinkers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/The_state_tinkers.jpg/440px-The_state_tinkers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5610" data-file-height="7997" /></a><figcaption>In <i>The State Tinkers</i> (1780), <a href="/wiki/James_Gillray" title="James Gillray">James Gillray</a> caricatured North (on his knees) and his allies as incompetent tinkers of the National Kettle. George III cries out in rapture in the rear.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appointment">Appointment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Appointment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the Duke of Grafton resigned as Prime Minister, North formed a government on 28 January 1770. His ministers and supporters tended to be known as Tories, though they were not a formal grouping and many had previously been Whigs. He took over with Great Britain in a triumphant state following the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>, which had seen the <a href="/wiki/First_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="First British Empire">First British Empire</a> expand to a peak by taking in vast new territories on several continents. Circumstances forced him to keep many members of the previous cabinet in their jobs, despite their lack of agreement with him.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodger_p._329_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodger_p._329-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to many of his predecessors, North enjoyed a good relationship with George III, partly based on their shared <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">patriotism</a> and desire for decency in their <a href="/wiki/Private_sphere" title="Private sphere">private lives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Falklands_Crisis">Falklands Crisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Falklands Crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Falklands_Crisis_of_1770" title="Falklands Crisis of 1770">Falklands Crisis of 1770</a></div> <p>North's ministry had an early success during the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_Crisis_of_1770" title="Falklands Crisis of 1770">Falklands Crisis</a> in 1770, in which Great Britain faced down a Spanish attempt to seize the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a>, nearly provoking a war.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodger_p._329_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodger_p._329-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both France and Spain had been left unhappy by Great Britain's perceived dominance following the <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_in_the_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Great Britain in the Seven Years' War">British victory in the Seven Years War</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Spanish forces seized the British settlement on the Falklands and expelled the small British garrison. When Britain opposed the seizure, Spain sought backing from her ally France. King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a> of France did not believe his country was ready for war, however, and in the face of a strong mobilisation of the British fleet, the French compelled the Spanish to back down. Louis also dismissed the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Fran%C3%A7ois,_duc_de_Choiseul" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne François, duc de Choiseul">Duc de Choiseul</a>, the hawkish Chief Minister of France, who had advocated war and a large invasion of Great Britain by the French. </p><p>The British government's prestige and popularity were enormously boosted by the incident. It had successfully managed to drive a wedge between France and Spain and demonstrated the power of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, although it was suggested by critics that this gave Lord North a degree of complacency and an incorrect belief that the European powers would not interfere in British colonial affairs. This was contrasted with the previous administration's failure to prevent France <a href="/wiki/French_Conquest_of_Corsica" class="mw-redirect" title="French Conquest of Corsica">from annexing</a> the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Corsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Corsica">Republic of Corsica</a>, a British ally, during the <a href="/wiki/Corsican_Crisis" title="Corsican Crisis">Corsican Crisis</a> two years earlier. Using his newly found popularity, North took a chance and appointed <a href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich">Lord Sandwich</a> to the cabinet as <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_War_of_Independence">American War of Independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: American War of Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milord_North_et_la_femme_du_gouverneur_de_la_Grenade_1779.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Milord_North_et_la_femme_du_gouverneur_de_la_Grenade_1779.jpg/220px-Milord_North_et_la_femme_du_gouverneur_de_la_Grenade_1779.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Milord_North_et_la_femme_du_gouverneur_de_la_Grenade_1779.jpg/330px-Milord_North_et_la_femme_du_gouverneur_de_la_Grenade_1779.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Milord_North_et_la_femme_du_gouverneur_de_la_Grenade_1779.jpg/440px-Milord_North_et_la_femme_du_gouverneur_de_la_Grenade_1779.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption>French caricature on the government of Frederick North after the defeat of Grenada (1779).</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of North's government was focused first on the growing problems with the American colonies. Later on, it was preoccupied with conducting the <a href="/wiki/American_War_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="American War of Independence">American War of Independence</a> that broke out in 1775 with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lexington" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Lexington">Battle of Lexington</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a> in 1773, Lord North proposed a number of legislative measures that were supposed to punish the Bostonians. These measures were known as the <a href="/wiki/Coercive_Acts" class="mw-redirect" title="Coercive Acts">Coercive Acts</a> in Great Britain, while dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Intolerable_Acts" title="Intolerable Acts">Intolerable Acts</a> in the colonies. By shutting down the Boston government and cutting off trade, he hoped they would keep the peace and dispirit the rebellious colonists. Instead, the acts further inflamed Massachusetts and the other colonies, eventually resulting in open war during the <a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston campaign</a> of 1775–76. </p><p>North delegated the overall strategy of the war to his key subordinates <a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Germain" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord George Germain">Lord George Germain</a> and the Earl of Sandwich. Despite a series of victories and the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of New York">capture of New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, the British were unable to secure a decisive victory. In 1778, the French allied themselves with the American rebels, and Spain joined the war in 1779 as an ally of France, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> in 1780. The British found themselves fighting a <a href="/wiki/Global_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Global war">global war</a> on four continents without a single ally. After 1778, the British switched the focus of their efforts to the defence of the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>, as their sugar wealth made them much more valuable to Great Britain than the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a>. In 1779, Great Britain was faced with the prospect of a major Franco-Spanish invasion, but the <a href="/wiki/Armada_of_1779" title="Armada of 1779">Armada of 1779</a> was ultimately a failure. Several peace initiatives fell through, and an attempt by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cumberland_(dramatist)" title="Richard Cumberland (dramatist)">Richard Cumberland</a> to negotiate a separate peace with Spain ended in frustration. </p><p>The country's problems were augmented by the <a href="/wiki/First_League_of_Armed_Neutrality" title="First League of Armed Neutrality">First League of Armed Neutrality</a>, which was formed to counter the British blockade strategy, and threatened British naval supplies from the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic</a>. With severe manpower shortages, North's government passed an act abandoning previous statutes placing restrictions on Catholics serving in the military. This provoked an upsurge of anti-Catholic feelings and the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Association">Protestant Association</a> that led to the <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Riots" title="Gordon Riots">Gordon Riots</a> in London in June 1780.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For around a week, the city was in the control of the mob until the military was called out and <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> imposed.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public opinion, especially in middle-class and elite circles, repudiated anti-Catholicism and violence, and rallied behind the North government. Demands were made for a London police force.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Britain's fortunes in the war in America had temporarily improved following the failure of a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rhode_Island" title="Battle of Rhode Island">Franco-American attack on Newport</a> and the prosecution of a Southern strategy that saw <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Charleston" title="Siege of Charleston">the capture of Charleston, South Carolina</a> and its garrison. During 1780 and 1781, the North government gained strength in the House of Commons.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1781, British forces under <a href="/wiki/Lord_Cornwallis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Cornwallis">Lord Cornwallis</a> surrendered at the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a>, dealing a crushing blow to British morale. When the news reached North, he took it "as he would have taken a ball in his breast", and exclaimed repeatedly "Oh God! It is all over!"<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resignation">Resignation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Resignation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Motion_of_no_confidence_against_Lord_North_1782_Silver_Medal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Motion_of_no_confidence_against_Lord_North_1782_Silver_Medal.jpg/220px-Motion_of_no_confidence_against_Lord_North_1782_Silver_Medal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Motion_of_no_confidence_against_Lord_North_1782_Silver_Medal.jpg/330px-Motion_of_no_confidence_against_Lord_North_1782_Silver_Medal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Motion_of_no_confidence_against_Lord_North_1782_Silver_Medal.jpg/440px-Motion_of_no_confidence_against_Lord_North_1782_Silver_Medal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1764" data-file-height="885" /></a><figcaption> This modern American silver medallion commemorates the motion of no confidence against North on 27 February 1782 to end the American War of Independence. North resigned a month later.</figcaption></figure> <p>North was the second British Prime Minister to be forced out of office by a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a>; the first was Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Robert Walpole</a> in 1742. Lord North resigned on 20 March 1782 on account of the British defeat at <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Yorktown</a> the year before. In an attempt to end the war, he proposed the Conciliation Plan, in which he promised that Great Britain would eliminate all disagreeable acts if the colonies ended the war. The colonies rejected the plan, as their goal had become full independence. </p><p>In April 1782, it was suggested in cabinet by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Shelburne" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Shelburne">Lord Shelburne</a> that North should be brought to public trial for his conduct of the American War, but the prospect was soon abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ironically, the war began to turn in Great Britain's favour again in 1782 through naval victories, owing largely to policies adopted by Lord North and the Earl of Sandwich. The British naval victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saintes" title="Battle of the Saintes">Battle of the Saintes</a> took place after the government's fall. Despite predictions that <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>'s fall was imminent, <a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Great Siege of Gibraltar">that fortress managed to hold out and was relieved</a>. Great Britain was able to make a much more favourable peace in 1783 than had appeared likely at the time when North had been ousted. In spite of this, North was critical of the terms agreed by the Shelburne government which he felt undervalued the strength of the British negotiating position. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-premiership">Post-premiership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Post-premiership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fox–North_coalition"><span id="Fox.E2.80.93North_coalition"></span>Fox–North coalition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Fox–North coalition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fox%E2%80%93North_coalition" title="Fox–North coalition">Fox–North coalition</a></div> <p>In April 1783, North returned to power as <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> in an unlikely coalition with the radical Whig leader <a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Charles James Fox</a> known as the Fox–North Coalition under the nominal leadership of the <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Duke of Portland</a>. King <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a>, who detested the radical and republican Fox, never forgave this supposed betrayal, and North never again served in government after the ministry fell in December 1783. One of the major achievements of the coalition was the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a>, which formally ended the <a href="/wiki/American_War_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="American War of Independence">American War of Independence</a>. </p><p>The new Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">William Pitt the Younger</a>, was not expected to last long, and North, a vocal critic, still entertained hopes of regaining high office. In this, he was to be frustrated, as Pitt dominated the British political scene for the next twenty years, leaving both North and Fox in the political wilderness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years">Later years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North was an active speaker until he began to go blind in 1786. He succeeded his father as 2nd Earl of Guilford on 4 August 1790 and entered the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>, by which time he had entirely lost his sight.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lord Guilford died in <a href="/wiki/Mayfair" title="Mayfair">Mayfair</a>, England (now part of London), and was buried at All Saints' Church, <a href="/wiki/Wroxton" title="Wroxton">Wroxton</a> (Oxfordshire), near his family home of <a href="/wiki/Wroxton_Abbey" title="Wroxton Abbey">Wroxton Abbey</a>. His memorial was sculpted by <a href="/wiki/John_Flaxman" title="John Flaxman">John Flaxman</a> RA.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His son <a href="/wiki/George_North,_3rd_Earl_of_Guilford" title="George North, 3rd Earl of Guilford">George North, Lord North</a>, took over the constituency of Banbury, and in 1792 acceded to his father's title. Wroxton Abbey is now owned by <a href="/wiki/Fairleigh_Dickinson_University" title="Fairleigh Dickinson University">Fairleigh Dickinson University</a>, ironically an American college, and the modernised abbey serves as a location for American students to study abroad in England. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lord North is today predominantly remembered as the Prime Minister "who lost America".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both <a href="/wiki/Lord_North_Street" title="Lord North Street">Lord North Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guilford_Street" title="Guilford Street">Guilford Street</a> in London are named after him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anne,_wife_of_Frederick_North,_2nd_Earl_of_Guildford,_after_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Anne%2C_wife_of_Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guildford%2C_after_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg/220px-Anne%2C_wife_of_Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guildford%2C_after_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Anne%2C_wife_of_Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guildford%2C_after_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg/330px-Anne%2C_wife_of_Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guildford%2C_after_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Anne%2C_wife_of_Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guildford%2C_after_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg/440px-Anne%2C_wife_of_Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guildford%2C_after_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anne_Speke" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Speke">Anne Speke</a> (before 1741 – 1797), wife of Lord North. Portrait by Sir <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds" title="Joshua Reynolds">Joshua Reynolds</a> (1723–1792)</figcaption></figure> <p>On 20 May 1756 Lord North married <a href="/wiki/Anne_Speke" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Speke">Anne Speke</a> (before 1741 – 1797), daughter of <a href="/wiki/George_Speke_(politician,_died_1753)" title="George Speke (politician, died 1753)">George Speke</a> MP, of <a href="/wiki/Whitelackington" title="Whitelackington">Whitelackington</a> in Somerset. She was the sole heiress of the Devonshire estates of the Drake family of <a href="/wiki/Ash,_Musbury" title="Ash, Musbury">Ash</a>, which subsequently were sold piecemeal by Lord North.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By <a href="/wiki/Anne_North,_Countess_of_Guilford" title="Anne North, Countess of Guilford">Anne</a> he had seven children: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Augustus_North,_3rd_Earl_of_Guilford" class="mw-redirect" title="George Augustus North, 3rd Earl of Guilford">George Augustus North, 3rd Earl of Guilford</a> (11 September 1757 – 20 April 1802), who married, firstly, Maria Frances Mary Hobart-Hampden (died 23 April 1794), daughter of the 3rd <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Buckinghamshire" title="Earl of Buckinghamshire">Earl of Buckinghamshire</a>, on 30 September 1785 and had issue. He married, secondly, Susan Coutts (died 24 September 1837), on 28 February 1796.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Douglas,_Baroness_Glenbervie" title="Catherine Douglas, Baroness Glenbervie">Catherine Anne North</a> (1760–1817), who married <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Douglas,_1st_Baron_Glenbervie" title="Sylvester Douglas, 1st Baron Glenbervie">Sylvester Douglas, 1st Baron Glenbervie</a>, and had no children.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_North,_4th_Earl_of_Guilford" title="Francis North, 4th Earl of Guilford">Francis North, 4th Earl of Guilford</a> (25 December 1761–1817)</li> <li>Lady Anne North (8 January 1764 – 18 January 1832), who married the <a href="/wiki/John_Baker-Holroyd,_1st_Earl_of_Sheffield" class="mw-redirect" title="John Baker-Holroyd, 1st Earl of Sheffield">1st Earl of Sheffield</a> on 20 January 1798 and had two children</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_5th_Earl_of_Guilford" title="Frederick North, 5th Earl of Guilford">Frederick North, 5th Earl of Guilford</a> (7 February 1766–1827)</li> <li>Lady Charlotte North (December 1770–25 October 1849), who married Lt. Col. The Hon. John Lindsay (15 March 1762 – 6 March 1826), son of the 5th <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Balcarres" title="Earl of Balcarres">Earl of Balcarres</a>, on 2 April 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dudley North (31 May 1777 – 1779). His name is missing from some lists of Lord and Lady North's children, which incorrectly state they only had six.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles,_styles_and_arms"><span id="Titles.2C_styles_and_arms"></span>Titles, styles and arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Titles, styles and arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Honourable</i> Frederick North (1732–1752)</li> <li>Lord North (1752–1790)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Guilford" title="Earl of Guilford">Earl of Guilford</a> (1790–1792)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Frederick North, Lord North </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg/150px-Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg/225px-Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg/300px-Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_North,_Earl_of_Guilford.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Arms_of_North%2C_Earl_of_Guilford.svg/200px-Arms_of_North%2C_Earl_of_Guilford.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Arms_of_North%2C_Earl_of_Guilford.svg/300px-Arms_of_North%2C_Earl_of_Guilford.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Arms_of_North%2C_Earl_of_Guilford.svg/400px-Arms_of_North%2C_Earl_of_Guilford.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Crest</dt> <dd>A Dragon's Head erased Sable ducally-gorged and chained Or.</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Azure a Lion passant between three Fleurs-de-lis Argent.</dd> <dt>Supporters</dt> <dd>On either side a Mastiff Proper.</dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd><i>La Vertu Est La Seule Noblesse</i> (Virtue is the only nobility); <i>Animo Et Fide</i> (With courage and Faith)</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nigel Aston, "North, Frederick, 2nd Earl of Guilford" in David Loads, ed., <i>Readers Guide to British History</i> (2003) pp. 960–962.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-20304">"North, Frederick, second earl of Guilford [known as Lord North] (1732–1792), prime minister"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F20304">10.1093/ref:odnb/20304</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=North%2C+Frederick%2C+second+earl+of+Guilford+%5Bknown+as+Lord+North%5D+%281732%E2%80%931792%29%2C+prime+minister&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F20304&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-20304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+North%2C+Lord+North" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiteley p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuchman1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Tuchman" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Tuchman">Tuchman, Barbara</a> (1984). <i>The March of Folly: From Troy to Vietnam</i>. New York: Knopf. p. 185.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+March+of+Folly%3A+From+Troy+to+Vietnam&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Tuchman&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+North%2C+Lord+North" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkins" class="citation book cs1">Wilkins, W H. <i>Mrs. Fitzherbert and George IV</i>. p. 110.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mrs.+Fitzherbert+and+George+IV&rft.pages=110&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=W+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+North%2C+Lord+North" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouse_of_Commons1715" class="citation book cs1">House of Commons (1715). <i>Reports from Committees of the House of Commons</i>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4dNeAAAAcAAJ&q=lord+north+godfather&pg=PA182">182</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reports+from+Committees+of+the+House+of+Commons&rft.pages=182&rft.date=1715&rft.au=House+of+Commons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+North%2C+Lord+North" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiteley p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiteley pp. 6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiteley p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiteley pp. 11–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiteley p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiteley p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kerr, pp. 10, 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiteley, p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiteley, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiteley, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rodger_p._329-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rodger_p._329_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rodger_p._329_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodger p. 329</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiteley p. 329</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hibbert pp. 23–62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hibbert pp. 84–140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dorothy Marshall, <i>Eighteenth Century England</i> (1974) pp. 469–472</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodger p. 343</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWraxall1781" class="citation web cs1">Wraxall, Nathaniel (November 1781). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/memoirs-of-sir-nathaniel-wraxall/">"Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel Wraxall"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+Sir+Nathaniel+Wraxall&rft.date=1781-11&rft.aulast=Wraxall&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteachingamericanhistory.org%2Flibrary%2Fdocument%2Fmemoirs-of-sir-nathaniel-wraxall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+North%2C+Lord+North" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiteley p. 215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.histparl.ac.uk/volume/1754-1790/members/north-frederick-1732-92">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660–1851 by Rupert Gunnis p. 150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiteley Title of the Book</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Prince_(biographer)" title="John Prince (biographer)">Prince, John</a>, (1643–1723) The Worthies of Devon, 1810 edition, London, p. 331, footnote 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4SIGEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22anne+speke%22++1739&pg=PA82"><i>Polite Letters: The Correspondence of Mary Delany (1700-1788) and Francis North, Lord Guilford (1704-1790)</i></a>. Cambridge Scholars. 27 October 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5275-6118-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5275-6118-2"><bdi>978-1-5275-6118-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polite+Letters%3A+The+Correspondence+of+Mary+Delany+%281700-1788%29+and+Francis+North%2C+Lord+Guilford+%281704-1790%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars&rft.date=2020-10-27&rft.isbn=978-1-5275-6118-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4SIGEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522anne%2Bspeke%2522%2B%2B1739%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+North%2C+Lord+North" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8n8DAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22anne+speke%22++1739&pg=RA2-PA66"><i>Fielding's New Peerage of England, Scotland & Ireland;: Containing the Descent and Present State of Every Noble Family of the Three Kingdoms, with an Index and Their Mottos Translated</i></a>. John Murray, no. 32 Fleet Street, & J. Stockdale, Piccadilly. 1790.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fielding%27s+New+Peerage+of+England%2C+Scotland+%26+Ireland%3B%3A+Containing+the+Descent+and+Present+State+of+Every+Noble+Family+of+the+Three+Kingdoms%2C+with+an+Index+and+Their+Mottos+Translated&rft.pub=John+Murray%2C+no.+32+Fleet+Street%2C+%26+J.+Stockdale%2C+Piccadilly.&rft.date=1790&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8n8DAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3D%2522anne%2Bspeke%2522%2B%2B1739%26pg%3DRA2-PA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+North%2C+Lord+North" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Aston, Nigel. "North, Frederick, 2nd Earl of Guilford" in David Loads, ed., <i>Readers Guide to British History</i> (2003) pp 960–962; Historiography</li> <li>Butterfield, Herbert. <i>George III, Lord North, and the People, 1779–80</i> (1949)</li> <li>Cannon, John. <i>Lord North: The Noble Lord in the Blue Ribbon</i> (1970), Short survey</li> <li>Hibbert, Christopher. <i>King Mob: The Story of Lord George Gordon and the Riots of 1780</i> London, 1958.</li> <li>W.J.W. Kerr, <i>Records of the 1st Somerset Militia (3rd Bn. Somerset L.I.)</i>, Aldershot:Gale & Polden, 1930.</li> <li>Rodger, N.A.M. <i>Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815,</i> (2007)</li> <li>O'Shaughnessy, Andrew Jackson. <i>The Men who Lost America: British Leadership, the American Revolution, and the Fate of the Empire</i> (Yale UP, 2014) pp 47–80. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zFc-UCp6ZQsC">online</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Smith, Charles Daniel. <i>The Early Career of Lord North, the Prime Minister,</i> (1979)</li> <li>Valentine, Alan. <i>Lord North</i> (1967, 2 vol.), the standard biography</li> <li>Whiteley, Peter. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5fHUAwAAQBAJ&q=Whiteley%2C+Peter.+Lord+North%3A+The+Prime+Minister+who+lost+America%2C+%281996%29">Lord North: The Prime Minister who lost America</a>,</i> (1996)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Primary_sources"><a href="/wiki/Primary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary sources">Primary sources</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Lord North, <i>The Correspondence of King George the Third with Lord North from 1768 to 1783</i>, <a href="/wiki/William_Bodham_Donne" title="William Bodham Donne">William Bodham Donne</a>, ed. (1867) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d2oBAAAAQAAJ&q=%22Lord+North%22">online edition</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Guilford, Barons and Earls of"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Guilford,_Barons_and_Earls_of">"Guilford, Barons and Earls of" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 691.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Guilford%2C+Barons+and+Earls+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=691&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+North%2C+Lord+North" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_North,_Lord_North&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frederick_North,_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford">Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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#ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="3">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townshend" title="Charles Townshend">Charles Townshend</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Paymaster_of_the_Forces" title="Paymaster of the Forces">Paymaster of the Forces</a> </b><br />1766–1767 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/George_Cooke_(died_1768)" title="George Cooke (died 1768)">George Cooke</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Cooke_(died_1768)" title="George Cooke (died 1768)">George Cooke</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Townshend,_1st_Viscount_Sydney" title="Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney">Thomas Townshend</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> </b><br />1767–1782 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Cavendish" title="Lord John Cavendish">Lord John Cavendish</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a> </b><br />1767–1782 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Charles James Fox</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/The_Duke_of_Grafton" class="mw-redirect" title="The Duke of Grafton">The Duke of Grafton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Great Britain">Prime Minister of Great Britain</a> </b><br />1770–1782 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/The_Marquess_of_Rockingham" class="mw-redirect" title="The Marquess of Rockingham">The Marquess of Rockingham</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Treasury" title="First Lord of the Treasury">First Lord of the Treasury</a> </b><br />1770–1782 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Townshend,_1st_Viscount_Sydney" title="Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney">Thomas Townshend</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> </b><br />1783 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Nugent-Temple-Grenville,_1st_Marquess_of_Buckingham" title="George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham">The Earl Temple</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a> </b><br />1783 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Charles James Fox</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">William Pitt the Younger</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament of Great Britain</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Willes_(1721%E2%80%931784)" title="John Willes (1721–1784)">John Willes</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Banbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Banbury (UK Parliament constituency)">Banbury</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1754_British_general_election" title="1754 British general election">1754</a>–<a href="/wiki/1790_British_general_election" title="1790 British general election">1790</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_North,_3rd_Earl_of_Guilford" title="George North, 3rd Earl of Guilford">Lord North</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/The_Duke_of_Bedford" class="mw-redirect" title="The Duke of Bedford">The Duke of Bedford</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Foundling_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Foundling Hospital">President of the Foundling Hospital</a> </b><br />1771–1792 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/The_Duke_of_Portland" class="mw-redirect" title="The Duke of Portland">The Duke of Portland</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Percy_Wyndham-O%27Brien,_1st_Earl_of_Thomond" title="Percy Wyndham-O'Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond">The Earl of Thomond</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Somerset" title="Lord Lieutenant of Somerset">Lord Lieutenant of Somerset</a> </b><br />1774–1792 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Poulett,_4th_Earl_Poulett" title="John Poulett, 4th Earl Poulett">The Earl Poulett</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Darcy,_4th_Earl_of_Holdernesse" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holdernesse">The Earl of Holdernesse</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Warden_of_the_Cinque_Ports" title="Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports">Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports</a> </b><br />1778–1792 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">William Pitt the Younger</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Lee,_3rd_Earl_of_Lichfield" title="George Lee, 3rd Earl of Lichfield">The Earl of Lichfield</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_University_of_Oxford" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of the University of Oxford">Chancellor of the University of Oxford</a> </b><br />1772–1792 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/The_Duke_of_Portland" class="mw-redirect" title="The Duke of Portland">The Duke of Portland</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Great_Britain" title="Peerage of Great Britain">Peerage of Great Britain</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francis_North,_1st_Earl_of_Guilford" title="Francis North, 1st Earl of Guilford">Francis North</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Guilford" title="Earl of Guilford">Earl of Guilford</a> </b><br />1790–1792 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_North,_3rd_Earl_of_Guilford" title="George North, 3rd Earl of Guilford">George North</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole (Orford)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Compton,_1st_Earl_of_Wilmington" title="Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington">Wilmington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Pelham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle" title="Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle">Newcastle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_4th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire">Devonshire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle" title="Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle">Newcastle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_3rd_Earl_of_Bute" title="John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute">Bute</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">G. Grenville</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham">Rockingham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">Chatham (Pitt the Elder)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Augustus_FitzRoy,_3rd_Duke_of_Grafton" title="Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton">Grafton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">North</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham">Rockingham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Shelburne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Portland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Lord Grenville</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Portland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Perceval</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Goderich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Grey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli (Beaconsfield)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Rosebery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">May</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Truss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chancellors_of_the_exchequer" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer" title="Template:Chancellors of the Exchequer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer" title="Template talk:Chancellors of the Exchequer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chancellors of the Exchequer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chancellors_of_the_exchequer" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellors of the exchequer</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_England" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_of_Fauconberg" title="Eustace of Fauconberg">Eustace of Fauconberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maunsell" title="John Maunsell">Maunsell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_de_Leicester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralf de Leicester (page does not exist)">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_of_Westminster_(chancellor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward of Westminster (chancellor) (page does not exist)">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">Chishull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Giffard" title="Walter Giffard">W. Giffard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Giffard" title="Godfrey Giffard">G. Giffard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">Chishull</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_de_la_Leye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger de la Leye (page does not exist)">de la Leye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_de_Willoughby" title="Philip de Willoughby">Willoughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Benstede" title="John de Benstede">Benstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sandale" title="John Sandale">Sandale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hotham_(bishop)" title="John Hotham (bishop)">Hotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hervey_de_Stanton" title="Hervey de Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_de_Harvington" title="Adam de Harvington">Harvington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wodehouse" title="Robert Wodehouse">Wodehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Stratford" title="Robert de Stratford">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Ashby_(chancellor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Ashby (chancellor) (page does not exist)">Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Ashton" title="Robert de Ashton">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Barnham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Barnham (page does not exist)">Barnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Somer" title="Henry Somer">Somer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Somerset" title="John Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Browne_(died_1460)" title="Thomas Browne (died 1460)">Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Witham" title="Thomas Witham">Witham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Thwaites_(civil_servant)" title="Thomas Thwaites (civil servant)">Thwaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Witham" title="Thomas Witham">Witham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fowler_(chancellor)" title="Richard Fowler (chancellor)">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Catesby" title="William Catesby">Catesby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lovell" title="Thomas Lovell">Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bourchier,_2nd_Baron_Berners" title="John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners">Berners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cromwell" title="Thomas Cromwell">Cromwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baker_(died_1558)" title="John Baker (died 1558)">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sackville_(escheator)" title="Richard Sackville (escheator)">Sackville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mildmay" title="Walter Mildmay">Mildmay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fortescue_of_Salden" title="John Fortescue of Salden">Fortescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Home,_1st_Earl_of_Dunbar" title="George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar">Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(judge)" title="Julius Caesar (judge)">Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulke_Greville,_1st_Baron_Brooke" title="Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke">Greville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Weston,_1st_Earl_of_Portland" title="Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Barrett,_1st_Lord_Barrett_of_Newburgh" title="Edward Barrett, 1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Cottington,_1st_Baron_Cottington" title="Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington">Cottington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Colepeper,_1st_Baron_Colepeper" title="John Colepeper, 1st Baron Colepeper">Colepeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley_Cooper,_1st_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury">Ashley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Duncombe_(Bury_St_Edmunds_MP)" title="John Duncombe (Bury St Edmunds MP)">Duncombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ernle" title="John Ernle">Ernle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Booth,_1st_Earl_of_Warrington" title="Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington">Delamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hampden" title="Richard Hampden">Hampden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Montagu,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax">Montagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer)" title="John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Boyle,_1st_Baron_Carleton" title="Henry Boyle, 1st Baron Carleton">Boyle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_Great_Britain" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Boyle,_1st_Baron_Carleton" title="Henry Boyle, 1st Baron Carleton">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer)" title="John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford_and_Earl_Mortimer" title="Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer">Harley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benson,_1st_Baron_Bingley" title="Robert Benson, 1st Baron Bingley">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Wyndham,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Baronet">Wyndham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Onslow,_1st_Baron_Onslow" title="Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stanhope,_1st_Earl_Stanhope" title="James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope">Stanhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Aislabie" title="John Aislabie">Aislabie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Pratt_(judge)" title="John Pratt (judge)">Pratt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sandys,_1st_Baron_Sandys" title="Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys">Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Pelham</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_(English_judge)" title="William Lee (English judge)">Lee</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Bilson-Legge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lyttelton,_1st_Baron_Lyttelton" title="George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton">Lyttelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Bilson-Legge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Murray,_1st_Earl_of_Mansfield" title="William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield">Mansfield</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Bilson-Legge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barrington,_2nd_Viscount_Barrington" title="William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington">Barrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer" title="Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer">Dashwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dowdeswell_(politician,_born_1721)" title="William Dowdeswell (politician, born 1721)">Dowdeswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townshend" title="Charles Townshend">Townshend</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Cavendish" title="Lord John Cavendish">Cavendish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Cavendish" title="Lord John Cavendish">Cavendish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_Law,_1st_Baron_Ellenborough" title="Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough">Ellenborough</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">Petty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Perceval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Vansittart,_1st_Baron_Bexley" title="Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley">Vansittart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Vansittart,_1st_Baron_Bexley" title="Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley">Vansittart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_Abbott,_1st_Baron_Tenterden" title="Charles Abbott, 1st Baron Tenterden">Tenterden</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">Herries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Goulburn" title="Henry Goulburn">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">Althorp</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Denman,_1st_Baron_Denman" title="Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman">Denman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Spring_Rice,_1st_Baron_Monteagle_of_Brandon" title="Thomas Spring Rice, 1st Baron Monteagle of Brandon">Spring Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baring,_1st_Baron_Northbrook" title="Francis Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook">Baring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Goulburn" title="Henry Goulburn">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wood,_1st_Viscount_Halifax" title="Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cornewall_Lewis" title="George Cornewall Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ward_Hunt" title="George Ward Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowe" title="Robert Lowe">Lowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Childers" title="Hugh Childers">Childers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">R. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Goschen,_1st_Viscount_Goschen" title="George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen">Goschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ritchie,_1st_Baron_Ritchie_of_Dundee" title="Charles Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie of Dundee">Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_McKenna" title="Reginald McKenna">McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Horne,_1st_Viscount_Horne_of_Slamannan" title="Robert Horne, 1st Viscount Horne of Slamannan">Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden,_1st_Viscount_Snowden" title="Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">W. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden,_1st_Viscount_Snowden" title="Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsley_Wood" title="Kingsley Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson,_1st_Viscount_Waverley" title="John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dalton" title="Hugh Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">Thorneycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derick_Heathcoat-Amory,_1st_Viscount_Amory" title="Derick Heathcoat-Amory, 1st Viscount Amory">Heathcoat-Amory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Maudling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Macleod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Barber" title="Anthony Barber">Barber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Lawson" title="Nigel Lawson">Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lamont" title="Norman Lamont">Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Darling" title="Alistair Darling">Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Osborne" title="George Osborne">Osborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Javid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadhim_Zahawi" title="Nadhim Zahawi">Zahawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwasi_Kwarteng" title="Kwasi Kwarteng">Kwarteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Reeves" title="Rachel Reeves">Reeves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italic:</i> Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_England_and_Wales" title="Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales">Lord Chief Justice</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Home_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_Secretaries" title="Template:Home Secretaries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Home_Secretaries" title="Template talk:Home Secretaries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Home_Secretaries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Home Secretaries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Home_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home secretaries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Shelburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Townshend,_1st_Viscount_Sydney" title="Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney">Townshend</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nugent-Temple-Grenville,_1st_Marquess_of_Buckingham" title="George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Townshend,_1st_Viscount_Sydney" title="Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney">Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dundas,_1st_Viscount_Melville" title="Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville">Dundas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham,_2nd_Earl_of_Chichester" title="Thomas Pelham, 2nd Earl of Chichester">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Philip_Yorke" title="Charles Philip Yorke">Yorke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Hawkesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Spencer,_2nd_Earl_Spencer" title="George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ryder_(politician,_born_1766)" title="Richard Ryder (politician, born 1766)">Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Sidmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sturges_Bourne" title="William Sturges Bourne">Sturges Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ponsonby,_4th_Earl_of_Bessborough" title="John Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough">Duncannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Goulburn" title="Henry Goulburn">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Phipps,_1st_Marquess_of_Normanby" title="Constantine Phipps, 1st Marquess of Normanby">Normanby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Graham,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Grey,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Horatio_Walpole" title="Spencer Horatio Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Grey,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Horatio_Walpole" title="Spencer Horatio Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._H._S._Sotheron-Estcourt" title="T. H. S. Sotheron-Estcourt">Sotheron-Estcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cornewall_Lewis" title="George Cornewall Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Grey,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Horatio_Walpole" title="Spencer Horatio Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathorne_Gathorne-Hardy,_1st_Earl_of_Cranbrook" title="Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook">Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bruce,_1st_Baron_Aberdare" title="Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowe" title="Robert Lowe">Lowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._A._Cross,_1st_Viscount_Cross" title="R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._A._Cross,_1st_Viscount_Cross" title="R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Childers" title="Hugh Childers">Childers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Matthews,_1st_Viscount_Llandaff" title="Henry Matthews, 1st Viscount Llandaff">Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_White_Ridley,_1st_Viscount_Ridley" title="Matthew White Ridley, 1st Viscount Ridley">Ridley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ritchie,_1st_Baron_Ritchie_of_Dundee" title="Charles Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie of Dundee">Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretas_Akers-Douglas,_1st_Viscount_Chilston" title="Aretas Akers-Douglas, 1st Viscount Chilston">Akers-Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Gladstone,_1st_Viscount_Gladstone" title="Herbert Gladstone, 1st Viscount Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_McKenna" title="Reginald McKenna">McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cave,_1st_Viscount_Cave" title="George Cave, 1st Viscount Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shortt" title="Edward Shortt">Shortt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bridgeman,_1st_Viscount_Bridgeman" title="William Bridgeman, 1st Viscount Bridgeman">Bridgeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Joynson-Hicks,_1st_Viscount_Brentford" title="William Joynson-Hicks, 1st Viscount Brentford">Joynson-Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Gilmour,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir John Gilmour, 2nd Baronet">Gilmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoare,_1st_Viscount_Templewood" title="Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood">Hoare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson,_1st_Viscount_Waverley" title="John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Somervell,_Baron_Somervell_of_Harrow" title="Donald Somervell, Baron Somervell of Harrow">Somervell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chuter_Ede" title="James Chuter Ede">Chuter Ede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Maxwell_Fyfe,_1st_Earl_of_Kilmuir" title="David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir">Maxwell-Fyfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwilym_Lloyd_George" title="Gwilym Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Brooke,_Baron_Brooke_of_Cumnor" title="Henry Brooke, Baron Brooke of Cumnor">Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Soskice" title="Frank Soskice">Soskice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Maudling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr" title="Robert Carr">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlyn_Rees" title="Merlyn Rees">Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">Whitelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Brittan" title="Leon Brittan">Brittan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hurd" title="Douglas Hurd">Hurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Waddington" title="David Waddington">Waddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Baker,_Baron_Baker_of_Dorking" title="Kenneth Baker, Baron Baker of Dorking">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">K. Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Straw" title="Jack Straw">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Blunkett" title="David Blunkett">Blunkett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Clarke" title="Charles Clarke">C. Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reid,_Baron_Reid_of_Cardowan" title="John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqui_Smith" title="Jacqui Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Johnson" title="Alan Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Rudd" title="Amber Rudd">Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Javid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priti_Patel" title="Priti Patel">Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suella_Braverman" title="Suella Braverman">Braverman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Shapps" title="Grant Shapps">Shapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suella_Braverman" title="Suella Braverman">Braverman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">Cleverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvette_Cooper" title="Yvette Cooper">Cooper</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_Crown_%26_Garter).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg/100px-Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg/150px-Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg/200px-Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="1147" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_House_of_Commons" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Template:Leader of the House of Commons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Template talk:Leader of the House of Commons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leader of the House of Commons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_House_of_Commons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leaders of the House of Commons</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sandys,_1st_Baron_Sandys" title="Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys">Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robinson,_1st_Baron_Grantham" title="Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fox,_1st_Baron_Holland" title="Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland">H. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">Pitt the Elder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1757_caretaker_ministry" title="1757 caretaker ministry">Vacant (caretaker ministry)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">Pitt the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fox,_1st_Baron_Holland" title="Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland">H. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Seymour_Conway" title="Henry Seymour Conway">Conway</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">C. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Townshend,_1st_Viscount_Sydney" title="Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney">Townshend</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">C. Fox</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">North</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">C. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Howick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Perceval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">Castlereagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Huskisson" title="William Huskisson">Huskisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">Althorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks-Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">R. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Smith_(1825%E2%80%931891)" title="William Henry Smith (1825–1891)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">W. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chuter_Ede" title="James Chuter Ede">Chuter Ede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Crookshank" title="Harry Crookshank">Crookshank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Macleod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Bowden,_Baron_Aylestone" title="Herbert Bowden, Baron Aylestone">Bowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Crossman" title="Richard Crossman">Crossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">Whitelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr" title="Robert Carr">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Prior" title="Jim Prior">Prior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_St_John-Stevas" title="Norman St John-Stevas">St John-Stevas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pym" title="Francis Pym">Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Biffen" title="John Biffen">Biffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wakeham" title="John Wakeham">Wakeham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_MacGregor,_Baron_MacGregor_of_Pulham_Market" title="John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market">MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Newton,_Baron_Newton_of_Braintree" title="Tony Newton, Baron Newton of Braintree">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Taylor,_Baroness_Taylor_of_Bolton" title="Ann Taylor, Baroness Taylor of Bolton">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook" title="Robin Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reid,_Baron_Reid_of_Cardowan" title="John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hain" title="Peter Hain">Hain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Hoon" title="Geoff Hoon">Hoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Straw" title="Jack Straw">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Cookham" title="George Young, Baron Young of Cookham">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lansley" title="Andrew Lansley">Lansley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Grayling" title="Chris Grayling">Grayling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lidington" title="David Lidington">Lidington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Leadsom" title="Andrea Leadsom">Leadsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Stride" title="Mel Stride">Stride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Rees-Mogg" title="Jacob Rees-Mogg">Rees-Mogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Spencer_(British_politician)" title="Mark Spencer (British politician)">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Mordaunt" title="Penny Mordaunt">Mordaunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Powell" title="Lucy Powell">Powell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_Prime_Minister_Lord_North_(1770–1782)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_Ministry" title="Template:North Ministry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_Ministry" title="Template talk:North Ministry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_Ministry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North Ministry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_Prime_Minister_Lord_North_(1770–1782)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lord North</a> (1770–1782)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lord North</a> (1770–1782)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederick_North,_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_by_Nathaniel_Dance,_(later_Sir_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland,_Bt).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_by_Nathaniel_Dance%2C_%28later_Sir_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland%2C_Bt%29.jpg/100px-Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_by_Nathaniel_Dance%2C_%28later_Sir_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland%2C_Bt%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_by_Nathaniel_Dance%2C_%28later_Sir_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland%2C_Bt%29.jpg/150px-Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_by_Nathaniel_Dance%2C_%28later_Sir_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland%2C_Bt%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_by_Nathaniel_Dance%2C_%28later_Sir_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland%2C_Bt%29.jpg/200px-Frederick_North%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Guilford_by_Nathaniel_Dance%2C_%28later_Sir_Nathaniel_Dance-Holland%2C_Bt%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3047" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Commission (1770–1771)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bathurst,_2nd_Earl_Bathurst" title="Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst">The Earl Bathurst</a> (1771–1778)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Thurlow,_1st_Baron_Thurlow" title="Edward Thurlow, 1st Baron Thurlow">Lord Thurlow</a> (1778–1782)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_1st_Marquess_of_Stafford" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford">The Earl Gower</a> (1770–1779)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bathurst,_2nd_Earl_Bathurst" title="Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst">The Earl Bathurst</a> (1779–1782)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Montagu-Dunk,_2nd_Earl_of_Halifax" title="George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax">The Earl of Halifax</a> (1770–1771)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Howard,_12th_Earl_of_Suffolk" title="Henry Howard, 12th Earl of Suffolk">The Earl Suffolk</a> (1771)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_FitzRoy,_3rd_Duke_of_Grafton" title="Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton">The Duke of Grafton</a> (1771–1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_2nd_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth">The Earl of Dartmouth</a> (1775–1782)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Steward" title="Lord Steward">Lord Steward</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Talbot,_1st_Earl_Talbot" title="William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot">The Earl Talbot</a> (1770–1782)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain" title="Lord Chamberlain">Lord Chamberlain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Seymour-Conway,_1st_Marquess_of_Hertford" title="Francis Seymour-Conway, 1st Marquess of Hertford">The Earl of Hertford</a> (1770–1782)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Southern_Department" title="Secretary of State for the Southern Department">Southern Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Thynne,_1st_Marquess_of_Bath" title="Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath">The Viscount Weymouth</a> (1770)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Nassau_de_Zuylestein,_4th_Earl_of_Rochford" title="William Nassau de Zuylestein, 4th Earl of Rochford">The Earl of Rochford</a> (1770–1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Thynne,_1st_Marquess_of_Bath" title="Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath">The Viscount Weymouth</a> (1775–1779)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wills_Hill,_1st_Marquess_of_Downshire" title="Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire">The Earl of Hillsborough</a> (1779–1782)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Northern_Department" title="Secretary of State for the Northern Department">Northern Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Nassau_de_Zuylestein,_4th_Earl_of_Rochford" title="William Nassau de Zuylestein, 4th Earl of Rochford">The Earl of Rochford</a> (1770)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich">The Earl of Sandwich</a> (1770–1771)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Montagu-Dunk,_2nd_Earl_of_Halifax" title="George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax">The Earl of Halifax</a> (1771)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Howard,_12th_Earl_of_Suffolk" title="Henry Howard, 12th Earl of Suffolk">The Earl of Suffolk</a> (1771–1779)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Thynne,_1st_Marquess_of_Bath" title="Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath">The Viscount Weymouth</a> (1779)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Murray,_2nd_Earl_of_Mansfield" title="David Murray, 2nd Earl of Mansfield">The Viscount Stormont</a> (1779–1782)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Colonial Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wills_Hill,_1st_Marquess_of_Downshire" title="Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire">The Earl of Hillsborough</a> (1770–1772)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_2nd_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth">The Earl of Dartmouth</a> (1772–1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Germain,_1st_Viscount_Sackville" title="George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville">The Lord George Germain</a> (1775–1782)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Smith-Stanley,_Lord_Strange" title="James Smith-Stanley, Lord Strange">Lord Strange</a> (1770–1771)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Villiers,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon">The Earl of Clarendon</a> (1771–1782)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_(United_Kingdom)" title="Admiralty (United Kingdom)">First Lord of the Admiralty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hawke,_1st_Baron_Hawke" title="Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke">Sir Edward Hawke</a> (1770–1771)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich">The Earl of Sandwich</a> (1778–1782)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Master-General_of_the_Ordnance" title="Master-General of the Ordnance">Master-General of the Ordnance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Vacant (1770–1772)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Townshend,_1st_Marquess_Townshend" title="George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend">The Viscount Townshend</a> (1772–1782)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland" title="Lord Lieutenant of Ireland">Lord Lieutenant of Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Townshend,_1st_Marquess_Townshend" title="George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend">The Viscount Townshend</a> (1770–1772)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harcourt,_1st_Earl_Harcourt" title="Simon Harcourt, 1st Earl Harcourt">The Earl Harcourt</a> (1772–1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hobart,_2nd_Earl_of_Buckinghamshire" title="John Hobart, 2nd Earl of Buckinghamshire">The Earl of Buckinghamshire</a> (1777–1780)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Howard,_5th_Earl_of_Carlisle" title="Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle">The Earl of Carlisle</a> (1780–1782)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312593#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312593#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312593#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000073654313">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/39593553">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/35894/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqk9K9WtfVHDDFxrVyw4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119119935">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79056537">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14423917r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14423917r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5439367">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p075137992">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/11057244">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=140278">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007279052605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119119935.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/119119919">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w68g8r8v">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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