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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Romans 1:4 and who through the Spirit of holiness was declared with power to be the Son of God by His resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/romans/1-4.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/19/45_Rom_01_04.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Romans 1:4 - Greeting the Saints in Rome" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="and who through the Spirit of holiness was declared with power to be the Son of God by His resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord." /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script> <script src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/biblehub.js' type='text/javascript'></script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/vmenus/romans/1-4.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="/bmc/romans/1-4.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/romans/">Romans</a> > <a href="/romans/1.htm">Chapter 1</a> > Verse 4</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="ad1"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad1.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/romans/1-3.htm" title="Romans 1:3">◄</a> Romans 1:4 <a href="/romans/1-5.htm" title="Romans 1:5">►</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Study Bible"> Audio </a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References"> Crossref </a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary"> Comment </a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Greek </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv">Verse<a href="/bsb/romans/1.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><a href="/niv/romans/1.htm">New International Version</a> and who through the Spirit of holiness was appointed the Son of God in power by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord. <a href="/nlt/romans/1.htm">New Living Translation</a> and he was shown to be the Son of God when he was raised from the dead by the power of the Holy Spirit. He is Jesus Christ our Lord. <a href="/esv/romans/1.htm">English Standard Version</a> and was declared to be the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by his resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, <a href="/bsb/romans/1.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> and who through the Spirit of holiness was declared with power to be the Son of God by His resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord. <a href="/blb/romans/1.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> having been declared the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness, by resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord, <a href="/kjv/romans/1.htm">King James Bible</a> And declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead: <a href="/nkjv/romans/1.htm">New King James Version</a> and declared to be the Son of God with power according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead. <a href="/nasb_/romans/1.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> who was declared the Son of God with power according to the Spirit of holiness by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, <a href="/nasb/romans/1.htm">NASB 1995</a> who was declared the Son of God with power by the resurrection from the dead, according to the Spirit of holiness, Jesus Christ our Lord, <a href="/nasb77/romans/1.htm">NASB 1977 </a> who was declared the Son of God with power by the resurrection from the dead, according to the Spirit of holiness, Jesus Christ our Lord, <a href="/lsb/romans/1.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> who was designated as the Son of God in power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, <a href="/amp/romans/1.htm">Amplified Bible</a> and [as to His divine nature] according to the Spirit of holiness was openly designated to be the Son of God with power [in a triumphant and miraculous way] by His resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord. <a href="/csb/romans/1.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> and was appointed to be the powerful Son of God according to the Spirit of holiness by the resurrection of the dead. <a href="/hcsb/romans/1.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> and who has been declared to be the powerful Son of God by the resurrection from the dead according to the Spirit of holiness. <a href="/asv/romans/1.htm">American Standard Version</a> who was declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead; even Jesus Christ our Lord, <a href="/erv/romans/1.htm">English Revised Version</a> who was declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection of the dead; even Jesus Christ our Lord, <a href="/gwt/romans/1.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> In his spiritual, holy nature he was declared the Son of God. This was shown in a powerful way when he came back to life. <a href="/gnt/romans/1.htm">Good News Translation</a> as to his divine holiness, he was shown with great power to be the Son of God by being raised from death. <a href="/isv/romans/1.htm">International Standard Version</a> and was declared by the resurrection from the dead to be the powerful Son of God according to the spirit of holiness—Jesus the Messiah, our Lord. <a href="/msb/romans/1.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> and who through the Spirit of holiness was declared with power to be the Son of God by His resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord. <a href="/net/romans/1.htm">NET Bible</a> who was appointed the Son-of-God-in-power according to the Holy Spirit by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord. <a href="/nheb/romans/1.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> who was declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, <a href="/wbt/romans/1.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> And declared to be the Son of God, with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead: <a href="/wey/romans/1.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> but as regards the holiness of His Spirit was decisively proved by His Resurrection to be the Son of God--I mean concerning Jesus Christ our Lord, <a href="/web/romans/1.htm">World English Bible</a> who was declared to be the Son of God with power according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/romans/1.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> who is marked out [as the] Son of God in power, according to the Spirit of sanctification, by the resurrection from the dead—Jesus Christ our Lord; <a href="/blb/romans/1.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> having been declared the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness, by resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord, <a href="/ylt/romans/1.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> who is marked out Son of God in power, according to the Spirit of sanctification, by the rising again from the dead,) Jesus Christ our Lord; <a href="/slt/romans/1.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> Determined the Son of God in power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the rising up of the dead of Jesus Christ our Lord:<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/romans/1.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> Who was predestinated the Son of God in power, according to the spirit of sanctification, by the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ from the dead; <a href="/cpdv/romans/1.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> the Son of God, who was predestined in virtue according to the Spirit of sanctification from the resurrection of the dead, our Lord Jesus Christ, <a href="/nabre/romans/1.htm">New American Bible</a> but established as Son of God in power according to the spirit of holiness through resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord. <a href="/nrsvce/romans/1.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> and was declared to be Son of God with power according to the spirit of holiness by resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord,<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/romans/1.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> And who came to be known as the Son of God with power and with the Holy Spirit, because he arose from the dead, and he is Jesus Christ our LORD, <a href="/aramaic-plain-english/romans/1.htm">Aramaic Bible in Plain English</a> And was revealed The Son of God in power and by the Holy Spirit, who arose from the place of the dead, Yeshua The Messiah, Our Lord.<div class="vheading2">NT Translations</div><a href="/anderson/romans/1.htm">Anderson New Testament</a> but declared to be the Son of God with power, according to his holy spiritual nature, by his resurrection from the dead, <a href="/godbey/romans/1.htm">Godbey New Testament</a> having been ordained the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, from the resurrection of the dead, of Jesus Christ our Lord: <a href="/haweis/romans/1.htm">Haweis New Testament</a> definitively marked out as the Son of God by miracle, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection of the dead: <a href="/mace/romans/1.htm">Mace New Testament</a> but as to his holy spirit miraculously declared to be the son of God, by his resurrection from the dead: <a href="/wey/romans/1.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> but as regards the holiness of His Spirit was decisively proved by His Resurrection to be the Son of God--I mean concerning Jesus Christ our Lord, <a href="/worrell/romans/1.htm">Worrell New Testament</a> Who was declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the Spirit of holiness by the resurrection from the dead—even Jesus Christ our Lord, <a href="/worsley/romans/1.htm">Worsley New Testament</a> but powerfully declared to be the Son of God, according to the spirit of holiness, by his resurrection from the dead, even Jesus Christ our Lord; <a href="/parallel/romans/1-4.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KIZs4GUMn-g?start=17" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/romans/1.htm">Greeting the Saints in Rome</a> …3regarding His Son, who was a descendant of David according to the flesh, 4<a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tou (Art-GMS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">and who</a> <a href="/greek/2596.htm" title="2596: kata (Prep) -- A primary particle; down, in varied relations (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined).">through</a> <a href="/greek/4151.htm" title="4151: pneuma (N-ANS) -- Wind, breath, spirit. ">the Spirit</a> <a href="/greek/42.htm" title="42: hagiōsynēs (N-GFS) -- A holy or sanctified state. From hagios; sacredness.">of holiness</a> <a href="/greek/3724.htm" title="3724: horisthentos (V-APP-GMS) -- From horion; to mark out or bound, i.e. to appoint, decree, specify.">was declared</a> <a href="/greek/1722.htm" title="1722: en (Prep) -- In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; in, at, on, by, etc.">with</a> <a href="/greek/1411.htm" title="1411: dynamei (N-DFS) -- From dunamai; force; specially, miraculous power.">power</a> <a href="/greek/5207.htm" title="5207: Huiou (N-GMS) -- A son, descendent. Apparently a primary word; a son, used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship.">to be the Son</a> <a href="/greek/2316.htm" title="2316: Theou (N-GMS) -- A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very.">of God</a> <a href="/greek/1537.htm" title="1537: ex (Prep) -- From out, out from among, from, suggesting from the interior outwards. A primary preposition denoting origin, from, out.">by</a> <a href="/greek/386.htm" title="386: anastaseōs (N-GFS) -- A rising again, resurrection. From anistemi; a standing up again, i.e. a resurrection from death (its author), or a recovery.">His resurrection</a> <a href="/greek/3498.htm" title="3498: nekrōn (Adj-GMP) -- (a) adj: dead, lifeless, subject to death, mortal, (b) noun: a dead body, a corpse. From an apparently primary nekus; dead.">from the dead:</a> <a href="/greek/2424.htm" title="2424: Iēsou (N-GMS) -- Of Hebrew origin; Jesus, the name of our Lord and two other Israelites.">Jesus</a> <a href="/greek/5547.htm" title="5547: Christou (N-GMS) -- Anointed One; the Messiah, the Christ. From chrio; Anointed One, i.e. The Messiah, an epithet of Jesus.">Christ</a> <a href="/greek/1473.htm" title="1473: hēmōn (PPro-G1P) -- I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I.">our</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tou (Art-GMS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/2962.htm" title="2962: Kyriou (N-GMS) -- Lord, master, sir; the Lord. From kuros; supreme in authority, i.e. controller; by implication, Master.">Lord.</a> 5Through Him and on behalf of His name, we received grace and apostleship to call all those among the Gentiles to the obedience that comes from faith.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/acts/13-33.htm">Acts 13:33-34</a> He has fulfilled for us, their children, by raising up Jesus. As it is written in the second Psalm: ‘You are My Son; today I have become Your Father.’ / In fact, God raised Him from the dead, never to see decay. As He has said: ‘I will give you the holy and sure blessings promised to David.’ <a href="/hebrews/1-5.htm">Hebrews 1:5</a> For to which of the angels did God ever say: “You are My Son; today I have become Your Father”? Or again: “I will be His Father, and He will be My Son”? <a href="/psalms/2-7.htm">Psalm 2:7</a> I will proclaim the decree spoken to Me by the LORD: “You are My Son; today I have become Your Father. <a href="/2_samuel/7-14.htm">2 Samuel 7:14</a> I will be his Father, and he will be My son. When he does wrong, I will discipline him with the rod of men and with the blows of the sons of men. <a href="/acts/2-24.htm">Acts 2:24</a> But God raised Him from the dead, releasing Him from the agony of death, because it was impossible for death to keep Him in its grip. <a href="/1_corinthians/15-4.htm">1 Corinthians 15:4</a> that He was buried, that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, <a href="/philippians/2-9.htm">Philippians 2:9-11</a> Therefore God exalted Him to the highest place and gave Him the name above all names, / that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, / and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. <a href="/colossians/1-18.htm">Colossians 1:18</a> And He is the head of the body, the church; He is the beginning and firstborn from among the dead, so that in all things He may have preeminence. <a href="/revelation/1-5.htm">Revelation 1:5</a> and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness, the firstborn from the dead, and the ruler of the kings of the earth. To Him who loves us and has released us from our sins by His blood, <a href="/john/10-36.htm">John 10:36</a> then what about the One whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world? How then can you accuse Me of blasphemy for stating that I am the Son of God? <a href="/matthew/3-17.htm">Matthew 3:17</a> And a voice from heaven said, “This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased!” <a href="/luke/1-35.htm">Luke 1:35</a> The angel replied, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. So the Holy One to be born will be called the Son of God. <a href="/acts/17-31.htm">Acts 17:31</a> For He has set a day when He will judge the world with justice by the Man He has appointed. He has given proof of this to everyone by raising Him from the dead.” <a href="/1_peter/1-21.htm">1 Peter 1:21</a> Through Him you believe in God, who raised Him from the dead and glorified Him; and so your faith and hope are in God. <a href="/isaiah/55-3.htm">Isaiah 55:3</a> Incline your ear and come to Me; listen, so that your soul may live. I will make with you an everlasting covenant—My loving devotion promised to David.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>And declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead:declared.<a href="/romans/1-3.htm">Romans 1:3</a> Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh;<a href="/john/2-18.htm">John 2:18-21</a> Then answered the Jews and said unto him, What sign shewest thou unto us, seeing that thou doest these things? … <a href="/acts/2-24.htm">Acts 2:24,32</a> Whom God hath raised up, having loosed the pains of death: because it was not possible that he should be holden of it… according.<a href="/luke/18-31.htm">Luke 18:31-33</a> Then he took unto him the twelve, and said unto them, Behold, we go up to Jerusalem, and all things that are written by the prophets concerning the Son of man shall be accomplished… <a href="/luke/24-26.htm">Luke 24:26,27</a> Ought not Christ to have suffered these things, and to enter into his glory? … <a href="/hebrews/9-14.htm">Hebrews 9:14</a> How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?<div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/romans/1-3.htm">Christ</a> <a href="/acts/28-6.htm">Dead</a> <a href="/acts/26-20.htm">Declared</a> <a href="/luke/6-13.htm">Designated</a> <a href="/acts/3-12.htm">Holiness</a> <a href="/romans/1-2.htm">Holy</a> <a href="/romans/1-3.htm">Jesus</a> <a href="/acts/27-43.htm">Life</a> <a href="/acts/22-14.htm">Marked</a> <a href="/acts/21-39.htm">Mean</a> <a href="/acts/26-18.htm">Power</a> <a href="/luke/16-11.htm">Proved</a> <a href="/romans/1-3.htm">Regards</a> <a href="/acts/26-23.htm">Resurrection</a> <a href="/acts/24-21.htm">Rising</a> <a href="/1_peter/1-2.htm">Sanctification</a> <a href="/acts/28-25.htm">Spirit</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/romans/1-6.htm">Christ</a> <a href="/romans/4-17.htm">Dead</a> <a href="/romans/2-13.htm">Declared</a> <a href="/hebrews/5-10.htm">Designated</a> <a href="/romans/6-22.htm">Holiness</a> <a href="/romans/1-17.htm">Holy</a> <a href="/romans/1-6.htm">Jesus</a> <a href="/romans/4-17.htm">Life</a> <a href="/romans/1-6.htm">Marked</a> <a href="/romans/2-15.htm">Mean</a> <a href="/romans/1-16.htm">Power</a> <a href="/romans/3-3.htm">Proved</a> <a href="/romans/11-28.htm">Regards</a> <a href="/romans/6-5.htm">Resurrection</a> <a href="/romans/6-5.htm">Rising</a> <a href="/romans/6-19.htm">Sanctification</a> <a href="/romans/1-9.htm">Spirit</a><div class="vheading2">Romans 1</div>1. <a href="/romans/1-1.htm">Paul commends his calling to the Romans;</a> 9. <a href="/romans/1-9.htm">and his desire to come to them.</a> 16. <a href="/romans/1-16.htm">What his gospel is.</a> 18. <a href="/romans/1-18.htm">God is angry with sin.</a> 21. <a href="/romans/1-21.htm">What were the sins of mankind.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading"><a href="/study/romans/1.htm">Berean Study Bible</a></div>and who through the Spirit of holiness The phrase "Spirit of holiness" refers to the Holy Spirit, emphasizing His role in sanctification and divine power. The Greek word for "Spirit" is "pneuma," which can mean breath or wind, symbolizing life and power. "Holiness" comes from the Greek "hagios," meaning set apart or sacred. This highlights the divine nature and purity of the Holy Spirit, who is instrumental in the resurrection and the declaration of Jesus as the Son of God. The Spirit's involvement underscores the Trinitarian nature of God, working in unity to fulfill divine purposes.was declared with power The Greek word for "declared" is "horizō," meaning to determine or appoint. This declaration is not merely a statement but a powerful affirmation of Jesus' divine sonship. The "power" (Greek "dynamis") signifies the miraculous and authoritative nature of this declaration. It is through the resurrection that Jesus is powerfully affirmed as the Son of God, demonstrating His victory over sin and death. This power is not just physical but spiritual, transforming believers and affirming the truth of the Gospel.to be the Son of God This phrase affirms the divine identity of Jesus. The title "Son of God" is central to Christian belief, indicating Jesus' unique relationship with the Father. In the Jewish context, this title would have been understood as a claim to divinity, a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the Messiah. The resurrection serves as the ultimate proof of this claim, validating Jesus' teachings and His authority. This declaration invites believers to recognize and worship Jesus as both Lord and Savior.by His resurrection from the dead The resurrection is the cornerstone of Christian faith, as it confirms Jesus' victory over death and His divine nature. The Greek word for "resurrection" is "anastasis," meaning a rising up or standing again. This event is not just a historical occurrence but a transformative reality that offers hope and assurance of eternal life to believers. The resurrection is the Father's vindication of the Son, demonstrating that Jesus' sacrifice was accepted and that He has the power to grant life to all who believe in Him.Jesus Christ our Lord This concluding phrase encapsulates the identity and authority of Jesus. "Jesus" (Greek "Iēsous") is His human name, signifying His role as Savior. "Christ" (Greek "Christos") means the Anointed One, the Messiah promised in the Scriptures. "Our Lord" (Greek "Kyrios") denotes His sovereign authority over all creation. This title calls believers to submit to His lordship, acknowledging His rule in their lives. The combination of these titles affirms both His humanity and divinity, inviting believers into a personal and communal relationship with Him as their Redeemer and King.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/romans/1.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(4) With power.--That is, in a transcendent and superhuman manner.According to the spirit of holiness.--In antithesis to "according to the flesh," and therefore coming where we should expect "in His divine nature." And yet there is a difference, the precise shade of which is not easy to define. What are we to understand by the "spirit of holiness"? Are we to regard it as simply convertible with "Holy Spirit"? Not quite. Or are we to look upon it as corresponding to "the flesh," as "spirit" and "flesh" correspond in man? Again, not quite--or not merely. The spirit of Christ is human, for Christ took upon Him our nature in all its parts. It is human; and yet it is in it more especially that the divinity resides. It is in it that the "Godhead dwells bodily," and the presence of the Godhead is seen in the peculiar and exceptional "holiness" by which it is characterised. The "spirit," therefore, or that portion of His being to which St. Paul gives the name, in Christ, is the connecting-link between the human and the divine, and shares alike in both. It is the divine "enshrined" in the human, or the human penetrated and energised by the divine. It is, perhaps, not possible to get beyond metaphorical language such as this. The junction of the human and divine must necessarily evade exact definition, and to carry such definition too far would be to misrepresent the meaning of the Apostle. We may compare with this passage <a href="/1_timothy/3-16.htm" title="And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached to the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up into glory.">1Timothy 3:16</a>, "God (rather, Who) was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit:" or St. Peter's phrase, "Put to death in the flesh. but quickened by the Spirit"--rather, in the spirit, as the seat of that divinity by virtue of which He overcame death--(<a href="/1_peter/3-18.htm" title="For Christ also has once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit:">1Peter 3:18</a>).The particular act in which the Sonship of Christ was most conspicuously ratified and confirmed was His resurrection from the dead. It was ratified by His resurrection, as a manifestation of transcendent and divine power. (Comp. <a href="/acts/2-24.htm" title="Whom God has raised up, having loosed the pains of death: because it was not possible that he should be held of it.">Acts 2:24</a> et seq.; <a href="/acts/17-31.htm" title="Because he has appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness by that man whom he has ordained; whereof he has given assurance to all men, in that he has raised him from the dead.">Acts 17:31</a>; <a href="/romans/4-24.htm" title="But for us also, to whom it shall be imputed, if we believe on him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead;">Romans 4:24</a>.) . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/romans/1.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 4. - Who was declared (so Authorized Version) the Son of God with (literally, in) power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection of (not as in Authorized Version, from) the dead. Supposing the intention here to be to declare the Son's essential Deity, notwithstanding his human birth, we might have expected ὄντος after the γενομένου preceding. But the word used is ὁρισθέντος; and, further, the Resurrection is referred to, not a pre-existent state. The verb ὁρίζειν means properly to "appoint" or "determine;" and if this meaning be re-mined, the whole passage would seem to preclude the idea of Sonship previous to the Resurrection being in view. Hence commentators ancient and modern agree generally in assigning an unusual meaning to ὁρισθέντος-here, making it signify "declared," as in the Authorized Version. So Chrysostom, Τί οῦν ἔστιν ὁρισθέντος; τοῦ δειχθέντος, ἀποφανθέντος κριθέντος δυολογηθέντος παρὰ τῆς ἀπάντων γνώμης καὶ ψήφου (Hom. 2 p. 432, D). It is maintained that this use of the word, though unusual, is legitimate; since a person may be said to be appointed, or determined, to be what he already is, when his being such is declared and manifested. Thus, it may be said, a king may be spoken of as appointed king when he is crowned, though he was king before; or a saint determined a saint when he is canonized; and the classical phrase, ὁρίζειν τινὰ Θεόν, in the sense of deify, is adduced as parallel. Thus the expression is made to mean that "the same who κατὰ σάρκα was known only as the descendant of David, is now declared to be the Son of God" (Tholuck); Ὅριζεται δὲ εἰς υἰὸν καὶ κατὰ τὸ ἀνβρώπινον (Cyril); and St. Paul's reason for thus putting it, in pursuance of his course of thought, is thus explained by Meyer; "Paul gives the two main epochs in the history of the Son of God as they had actually occurred, and had been prophetically announced;" also by Bengel thus, "Etiam ante exinanitionem suam Filius Dei is quidem fuit: sed exinanitione filiatio occultata fuit, et plene demure retecta post resurrectionem." This interpretation would be more satisfactory than it is if the verb ὁρίζειν were found similarly used in any other part of the New Testament. It occurs in the following passages, and always in its proper and usual sense: <a href="/luke/22-22.htm">Luke 22:22</a>; <a href="/acts/2-23.htm">Acts 2:23</a>; <a href="/acts/10-42.htm">Acts 10:42</a>; <a href="/acts/11-29.htm">Acts 11:29</a>; <a href="/acts/17-26.htm">Acts 17:26, 31</a>; <a href="/hebrews/4-7.htm">Hebrews 4:7</a>. Of these especially significant are <a href="/acts/10-42.htm">Acts 10:42</a> (Ὅτι αὐτός ἔστιν ὁ ὡρισμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ κριτὴς ζώντων καὶ νεκρῶν) and <a href="/acts/17-31.htm">Acts 17:31</a> (Διότι ἔστησεν ἡμέραν ἐν ῇ μέλλει κρίνειν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ ἐν ἀνδρὶ ῷ ὥρισε, πίστιν παρασχὼν πᾶσιν ἀναστήσας αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν). In both of these texts the word denotes God's appointment or determination of Christ to the office of Judge, not merely a declaration or manifestation of his already being so; and it is to be observed that in the second the language is given as that of St. Paul himself, and that it corresponds with the passage before us in that the Resurrection is spoken of as the display to the world of Christ being so appointed or determined. Surely, then, there ought to be cogent reason for giving ὁρισθέντος a different meaning here; and, in spite of the weight of authority on the other side, it is submitted that we are under no necessity to do so, if we bear in mind what appeared under ver. 3 as to the different senses in which Christ is designated Υἱὸς Θεοῦ. In the sense apparent is Messianic prophecy, and pervading the Epistle to the Hebrews, in the sense which seems intended by St. Paul himself in <a href="/acts/13-32.htm">Acts 13:32, 33</a>, it was not till after the Resurrection that Christ attained his position of royal Sonship; it was then that the Divine ὁρισμὸς took effect in that regard. It is true that St. Paul (as was seen under ver. 3) himself conceived of Christ as essentially Son of God from eternity; but here, while speaking of the fulfilment of Messianic prophecy, and desiring to point out what was patent to all who believed that Christ had risen, he may fitly refer to his exaltation only, in virtue of which, further, he had himself received his apostolic commission, of which he proceeds to speak, and the assertion which he has had all along in view. The above interpretation of ὁρισθέντος appears, further, to have the weighty support of Pearson, who, speaking of Christ's fourfold right unto the title of "the Son of God" - by generation, as begotten of God; by commission, as sent by him; by resurrection, as the Firstborn; by actual possession, as Heir of all - refers thus to <a href="/romans/1-4.htm">Romans 1:4</a>: 'Thus was he defined, or constituted, and 'appointed to be the Son of God with power by the Resurrection from the dead'", (Pearson on the Creed, art. 2.). Ἐν δυνάμει (to be connected with ὁρισθέντος) denotes the Divine power displayed in the Resurrection (cf. <a href="/ephesians/1-19.htm">Ephesians 1:19</a>, "the exceeding greatness of his power,... according to the working of the strength of his might, which he wrought in Christ, when he raised him from the dead;" cf. also <a href="/1_corinthians/6-14.htm">1 Corinthians 6:14</a>; <a href="/1_corinthians/15-43.htm">1 Corinthians 15:43</a>; <a href="/2_corinthians/13-4.htm">2 Corinthians 13:4</a>). In the last two of these passages, power evidenced in resurrection is contrasted with human weakness evidenced in death: Σπείρεται ἐν ἀσθενειά ἐγείρεται ἐν δυνάμει Καὶ γὰρ εἴ ἐσταυρώθη ἐξ ἀσθενείας ἀλλὰ ζῆ ἐκ δυνάμεως. Το κατὰ σάρκα in ver. 3 is opposed, not simply κατὰ πνεῦμα, but κατὰ πνεῦμα ἁγιωσὑνης (the spirit of holiness), so as to denote the Divine element that was all along in the Incarnate Son, in virtue of which he rose triumphant over human ἀσθένεια. We too are composed of σάρξ and πνεῦμα; but the πνεῦμα in Christ was one of absolute holiness - the holiness of Deity; not ἁγιότης, holiness in the abstract, attributed to Deity (<a href="/hebrews/12-10.htm">Hebrews 12:10</a>), nor ἁγιασμὸς "sanctification," of which man is capable; but ἁγιωσύνη, an inherent quality of Divine holiness ("Quasi tres sint gradus, sanctificatio, sanctimonia, sanctitas," Bengel). Because of this "spirit of holiness" that was in Christ, "it was not possible that he should be holden of" death (<a href="/acts/2-24.htm">Acts 2:24</a>). Through this, which was in himself - not merely through a Divine power external to himself calling him from the grave, as he had called Lazarus - he overcame death (cf. <a href="/acts/2-27.htm">Acts 2:27</a>; <a href="/acts/13-35.htm">Acts 13:35</a>, "Thou shalt not suffer thine Holy One to see corruption"). It was through this too (διὰ πνεύματος αἰωνίου) that he "offered himself without spot to God" (<a href="/hebrews/9-14.htm">Hebrews 9:14</a>); and in the same sense may be understood ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι (<a href="/1_timothy/3-16.htm">1 Timothy 3:16</a>). Neither in these passages nor in the one before us is the Holy Spirit meant, in the sense of a distinct Person of the Holy Trinity. Further, the preposition in ἐξ ἀναστάσεως does not denote (as explained by Theodoret, Luther, and Grotius) the time from which the ὁρισμὸς began in the sense of ἐξ οῦ ἀνέστη, but the source out of which it proceeded. "Ἑκ non mode tempus, sed nexum rerum denotat" (Bengel). Further, the phrase is not "resurrection from the dead," as in the Authorized Version, but "of the dead," which may be purposely used so as to point, not only to the fact of Christ's own resurrection, but also to its significance for mankind. The same expression often occurs elsewhere with a comprehensive meaning (cf. <a href="/acts/23-6.htm">Acts 23:6</a>; <a href="/acts/24-21.htm">Acts 24:21</a>; <a href="/1_corinthians/15-12.htm">1 Corinthians 15:12-21</a>; <a href="/philippians/3-11.htm">Philippians 3:11</a>; also <a href="/1_corinthians/15-22.htm">1 Corinthians 15:22</a>; <a href="/philippians/3-10.htm">Philippians 3:10</a>). The resurrection of Christ expressed "the power of an endless life," here and hereafter, for mankind, carrying with it the possibility of the resurrection of all from the dominion of death in the risen Son. One view of the meaning of the whole of the above passage - that of Chrysostom and Melancthon - may be mentioned because of the weight of these authorities, though it cannot be the true one. They take κατὰ πνεῦμα ἁγιωσύνης ἐν δυνάμει, and ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν, as co-ordinate, regarding them as the three proofs of Christ's eternal Sonship. i.e. miracles, the communication of the Holy Ghost, and the resurrection. Jesus Christ our Lord; thus in conclusion distinctly identifying the Son of prophecy with the Jesus who had lately appeared, and was acknowledged by the Christians as the Messiah, and commonly by them called Κύριος. The force of the passage is weakened in the Authorized Version by the transposition of Ιησοῦ Ξριστοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν to the beginning of ver. 3, as also by the inclusion of ver. 2 in a parenthesis, so as to separate it from περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ which follows. (See explanation given above.) <a href="/commentaries/romans/1-4.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Greek</div>[and] who τοῦ (tou) Article - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. through κατὰ (kata) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_2596.htm">Strong's 2596: </a> A primary particle; down, in varied relations (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined). [the] Spirit πνεῦμα (pneuma) Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_4151.htm">Strong's 4151: </a> Wind, breath, spirit. of holiness ἁγιωσύνης (hagiōsynēs) Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_42.htm">Strong's 42: </a> A holy or sanctified state. From hagios; sacredness. was declared ὁρισθέντος (horisthentos) Verb - Aorist Participle Passive - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3724.htm">Strong's 3724: </a> From horion; to mark out or bound, i.e. to appoint, decree, specify. with ἐν (en) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_1722.htm">Strong's 1722: </a> In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc. power δυνάμει (dynamei) Noun - Dative Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1411.htm">Strong's 1411: </a> From dunamai; force; specially, miraculous power. [to be the] Son Υἱοῦ (Huiou) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_5207.htm">Strong's 5207: </a> A son, descendent. Apparently a primary word; a 'son', used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship. of God Θεοῦ (Theou) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2316.htm">Strong's 2316: </a> A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very. by ἐξ (ex) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_1537.htm">Strong's 1537: </a> From out, out from among, from, suggesting from the interior outwards. A primary preposition denoting origin, from, out. [His] resurrection ἀναστάσεως (anastaseōs) Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_386.htm">Strong's 386: </a> A rising again, resurrection. From anistemi; a standing up again, i.e. a resurrection from death (its author), or a recovery. [from the] dead: νεκρῶν (nekrōn) Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3498.htm">Strong's 3498: </a> (a) adj: dead, lifeless, subject to death, mortal, (b) noun: a dead body, a corpse. From an apparently primary nekus; dead. Jesus Ἰησοῦ (Iēsou) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2424.htm">Strong's 2424: </a> Of Hebrew origin; Jesus, the name of our Lord and two other Israelites. Christ Χριστοῦ (Christou) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_5547.htm">Strong's 5547: </a> Anointed One; the Messiah, the Christ. From chrio; Anointed One, i.e. The Messiah, an epithet of Jesus. our ἡμῶν (hēmōn) Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_1473.htm">Strong's 1473: </a> I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I. Lord. Κυρίου (Kyriou) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2962.htm">Strong's 2962: </a> Lord, master, sir; the Lord. From kuros; supreme in authority, i.e. controller; by implication, Master. <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/romans/1-4.htm">Romans 1:4 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/romans/1-4.htm">Romans 1:4 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/romans/1-4.htm">Romans 1:4 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/romans/1-4.htm">Romans 1:4 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/romans/1-4.htm">Romans 1:4 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/romans/1-4.htm">Romans 1:4 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/romans/1-4.htm">Romans 1:4 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/romans/1-4.htm">Romans 1:4 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/romans/1-4.htm">Romans 1:4 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/romans/1-4.htm">Romans 1:4 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/romans/1-4.htm">NT Letters: Romans 1:4 Who was declared to be the Son (Rom. 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