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biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn">Sir John Holt</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_John_Holt_by_Richard_Van_Bleeck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sir_John_Holt_by_Richard_Van_Bleeck.jpg/220px-Sir_John_Holt_by_Richard_Van_Bleeck.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sir_John_Holt_by_Richard_Van_Bleeck.jpg/330px-Sir_John_Holt_by_Richard_Van_Bleeck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sir_John_Holt_by_Richard_Van_Bleeck.jpg/440px-Sir_John_Holt_by_Richard_Van_Bleeck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Richard_van_Bleeck" title="Richard van Bleeck">Richard van Bleeck</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1700</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1642-12-23</span>)</span>23 December 1642<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Abingdon-on-Thames" title="Abingdon-on-Thames">Abingdon-on-Thames</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 March 1710<span style="display:none">(1710-03-05)</span> (aged 67)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Mary%27s_church_in_Redgrave_-_C18_monument_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2049288.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/St_Mary%27s_church_in_Redgrave_-_C18_monument_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2049288.jpg/220px-St_Mary%27s_church_in_Redgrave_-_C18_monument_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2049288.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/St_Mary%27s_church_in_Redgrave_-_C18_monument_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2049288.jpg/330px-St_Mary%27s_church_in_Redgrave_-_C18_monument_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2049288.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/St_Mary%27s_church_in_Redgrave_-_C18_monument_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2049288.jpg/440px-St_Mary%27s_church_in_Redgrave_-_C18_monument_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2049288.jpg 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Monument to Sir John Holt in Redgrave Church, Suffolk</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sir John Holt</b> (23 December 1642 – 5 March 1710) was an English lawyer who served as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_England_and_Wales" title="Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales">Lord Chief Justice of England</a> from 17 April 1689 to his death. He is frequently credited with playing a major role in ending the <a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_England" title="Witch trials in England">prosecution of witches</a> in English law. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Holt_(Lord_Chief_Justice)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Holt was born in <a href="/wiki/Abingdon,_Oxfordshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Abingdon, Oxfordshire">Abingdon</a> in Berkshire (now <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>), the son of Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holt_(Serjeant-at-Law)" title="Thomas Holt (Serjeant-at-Law)">Thomas Holt</a>, MP for that town, and his wife, Susan, the daughter of John Peacock of <a href="/wiki/Chieveley" title="Chieveley">Chieveley</a>, also in Berkshire. He was educated at <a href="/wiki/John_Roysse" title="John Roysse">John Roysse</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Free_school_(England)" title="Free school (England)">Free School</a> in Abingdon (now <a href="/wiki/Abingdon_School" title="Abingdon School">Abingdon School</a>) from 1652 to 1658,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Inn" title="Gray's Inn">Gray's Inn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oriel_College,_Oxford" title="Oriel College, Oxford">Oriel College, Oxford</a>. </p><p>He purchased <a href="/wiki/Redgrave,_Suffolk" title="Redgrave, Suffolk">Redgrave Manor</a> in Suffolk, which had been the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Bacon_baronets" title="Bacon baronets">Bacon family</a> in 1702, when debts forced the fifth baronet, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Robert_Bacon,_5th_Baronet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir Robert Bacon, 5th Baronet (page does not exist)">Sir Robert Bacon</a>, to sell the estate. A letter in the <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a> reads: "The celebrated Dr Radcliffe, the physician ... took special pains to preserve the life of LCJ Holt's wife, whom he attended out of spite to her husband, who wished her dead." Sir John Holt's sister Susan was married to <a href="/wiki/Francis_Levett_(merchant)" title="Francis Levett (merchant)">Francis Levett</a>, Esq., tobacco merchant and brother of Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Levett" title="Richard Levett">Richard Levett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor of London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Holt's father, Sir Thomas Holt, possessed a small patrimonial estate, but in order to supplement his income had adopted the profession of law, in which he was not very successful, although he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Serjeant-at-law" title="Serjeant-at-law">serjeant-at-law</a> in 1677, and afterwards for his political services to the <a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tories</a> was rewarded with a <a href="/wiki/Knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Knighthood">knighthood</a>. Sir Thomas Holt's father was Rowland Holt (d. 1634 according to the <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> <a href="/wiki/Herald%27s_visitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Herald's visitation">herald's visitation</a> of 1664–66), who was probably identical to the merchant Rowland Holt who was murdered by muggers in <a href="/wiki/Clerkenwell" title="Clerkenwell">Clerkenwell</a> Fields in January 1635 (1634 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Style">OS</a>). The crime was particularly notorious in the ballads and broadsheets of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After attending for some years the free school of the town of <a href="/wiki/Abingdon,_Oxfordshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Abingdon, Oxfordshire">Abingdon</a>, of which his father was <a href="/wiki/Recorder_(judge)" title="Recorder (judge)">recorder</a>, young Holt in his sixteenth year entered <a href="/wiki/Oriel_College,_Oxford" title="Oriel College, Oxford">Oriel College, Oxford</a>. He is said to have spent a very dissipated youth, and even to have been in the habit of taking purses on the highway,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but after entering Gray's Inn about 1660 he applied himself with exemplary diligence to the study of law. He was <a href="/wiki/Called_to_the_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Called to the bar">called to the bar</a> in 1663. A supporter of civil and religious liberty, he distinguished himself in <a href="/wiki/State_trials" title="State trials">state trials</a> by the manner in which he supported the pleas of the defendants. </p><p>In 1675 he married Ann Cropley, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Cropley_baronets" title="Cropley baronets">Sir John Cropley, 1st Baronet</a>, of Clerkenwell, Middlesex, but the marriage was without issue.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1685–1686 Holt was appointed <a href="/wiki/Recorder_of_London" title="Recorder of London">recorder of London</a>, and about the same time he was made king's serjeant and received the honour of knighthood. His giving a decision adverse to the pretensions of the king to exercise <a href="/wiki/Martial_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Martial Law">martial law</a> in time of peace led to his dismissal from the office of recorder, but he was continued in the office of king's serjeant in order to prevent him from becoming <a href="/wiki/Counsel" title="Counsel">counsel</a> for accused persons. Having been one of the judges who acted as assessors to the peers in the Convention parliament, he took a leading part in arranging the constitutional change by which <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a> was called to the throne, and after his accession he was appointed Lord Chief Justice of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_King%27s_Bench_(England)" title="Court of King's Bench (England)">King's Bench</a>. He is best known for the firmness with which he upheld his own prerogatives in opposition to the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Houses_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Houses of Parliament">Houses of Parliament</a>. While in sympathy with the <a href="/wiki/Whig_(British_political_faction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whig (British political faction)">Whig party</a>, Holt maintained on the bench political impartiality, and held himself aloof from political intrigue. </p><p>On the retirement of <a href="/wiki/John_Somers,_1st_Baron_Somers" title="John Somers, 1st Baron Somers">Somers</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">chancellorship</a> in 1700 Holt was offered the <a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Realm" title="Great Seal of the Realm">Great Seal</a>, but declined it. </p><p>He died in London on 5 March 1710 and was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Chancel" title="Chancel">chancel</a> of <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Redgrave" title="St Mary's Church, Redgrave">Redgrave church</a>. His magnificent monument was sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Green_(sculptor)" title="Thomas Green (sculptor)">Thomas Green</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Witchcraft_trials">Witchcraft trials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Holt_(Lord_Chief_Justice)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Witchcraft trials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historian John Callow argues in his 2022 book, <i>The Last Witches of England</i>, that sceptical judges, especially Holt, had already largely stopped convictions for <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a> under English law even before the <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_Act_1735" title="Witchcraft Act 1735">Witchcraft Act 1735</a> finally concluded such prosecutions. Callow particularly credits Holt with great courage in doing so in the face of religious pressure, mob violence, and popular <a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">superstitious belief</a> in witchcraft.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Notestein" title="Wallace Notestein">Wallace Notestein</a> was of the same opinion, that by "the decisions of Powell and Parker, and most of all by those of Holt, the statute of the first year of James I was practically made obsolete twenty-five or fifty years before its actual repeal in 1736".<sup id="cite_ref-WN_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WN-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 314">: 314 </span></sup> For Notestein, "Holt did more than any other man in English history to end the prosecution of witches".<sup id="cite_ref-WN_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WN-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 320">: 320 </span></sup> </p><p>According to Callow, judges like Holt found "creative and practical ways around the statute book in order to prevent the execution of witches", with Holt "skilfully combining directions to jurymen that permitted religious faith and even the law's acceptance of the validity of witchbelief with measures to seek acquittals through the raising of questions of reasonable doubt and the unmasking of fraudulent cases of possession".<sup id="cite_ref-JC_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JC-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 209–210">: 209–210 </span></sup> At the end of one trial, that of Sarah Moordike, accused of witchcraft by Richard Hathaway, Holt ruled that Moordike's fees should be paid by Hathaway and that he should be arrested and imprisoned on charges of perjury for bringing false accusations about Moordike and for pretending to be bewitched. Hathaway was convicted at his own trial and, according to Callow, "the two trials of July 1701 and March 1702 registered highly significant verdicts in the history of witch persecution as they registered, respectively, not just the acquittal of an accused witch but the prosecution and punishment of her persecutor as a deterrent to others who might have been tempted to levy similar charges in the future".<sup id="cite_ref-JC_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JC-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 236–239">: 236–239 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_Lyman_Kittredge" title="George Lyman Kittredge">George Lyman Kittredge</a> wrote Holt "has a highly honorable name in the annals of English witchcraft" because all of the dozen to twenty trials he presided over resulted in acquittal.<sup id="cite_ref-GLK_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GLK-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 365">: 365 </span></sup> Contemporary with Holt, <a href="/wiki/Lancelot_Blackburne" title="Lancelot Blackburne">Lancelot Blackburne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archdeacon_of_Cornwall" title="Archdeacon of Cornwall">Archdeacon of Cornwall</a>, somewhat disturbed by Holt's actions in a trial, wrote to the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Exeter" title="Bishop of Exeter">Bishop of Exeter</a><sup id="cite_ref-JB_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JB-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the "Lord Chief Justice by his questions and manner of summing up the Evidence seem'd to me to believe nothing of witchery at all".<sup id="cite_ref-GLK_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GLK-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 364">: 364 </span></sup> Jonathan Barry, Professor of History at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">University of Exeter</a>, wrote that Holt, along with other sceptics like <a href="/wiki/Francis_Hutchinson" title="Francis Hutchinson">Francis Hutchinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francis_North,_1st_Baron_Guilford" title="Francis North, 1st Baron Guilford">Francis North</a>, "clearly regarded the witchcraft statute, and the uses to which it could be put by factious politicians feeding on the passions of the people, as the real danger to the establishment in state and church".<sup id="cite_ref-JB_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JB-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cases">Cases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Holt_(Lord_Chief_Justice)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sir_John_Holt%27s_cases" title="List of Sir John Holt's cases">List of Sir John Holt's cases</a></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crosse_v_Gardner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crosse v Gardner (page does not exist)">Crosse v Gardner</a></i> (1689) Cart. 90, Lord Holt CJ held that 'An affirmation at the time of a sale is a warranty, provided it appears on evidence to be so intended.'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charnock" title="Robert Charnock">Robert Charnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Vaughan_(pirate)" title="Thomas Vaughan (pirate)">The tryal and condemnation of Capt. Thomas Vaughan for high treason</a> (1696)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turberville_v_Stampe" title="Turberville v Stampe">Turberville v Stampe</a></i> (1697) 91 ER 1072 (nuisance and vicarious liability)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medina_v_Staughton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medina v Staughton (page does not exist)">Medina v Staughton</a></i> (1699) 1 Salk. 210, again on affirmations and warranties.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moordike_v_Hathaway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moordike v Hathaway (page does not exist)">Moordike v Hathaway</a></i> (1701) and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=King_v_Hathaway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King v Hathaway (page does not exist)">King v Hathaway</a></i> (1702)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rose_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose case">Rose case</a></i> (1701–1703)<sup id="cite_ref-:Elmer2004_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Elmer2004-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coggs_v_Bernard" title="Coggs v Bernard">Coggs v Bernard</a></i> (1703) 2 Ld Raym 909 (bailment)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ashby_v_White" title="Ashby v White">Ashby v White</a></i> (1703) 2 Ld Raym 938 (the right to vote)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cole_v_Turner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cole v Turner (page does not exist)">Cole v Turner</a></i> (1704) 87 ER 907 (definition of battery)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deedpolloffice.com/change-name/law/case-law/Walden-v-Holman-1704">Walden v Holman (1704) 6 Mod 115, Ld Raym. 1015, 1 Salk. 6</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Abatement_in_pleading" title="Abatement in pleading">pleading in abatement</a>; the legal name of a person)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cockcroft_v_Smith" title="Cockcroft v Smith">Cockcroft v Smith</a></i> (1705) 11 Mod 43, self-defence</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smith_v_Gould" class="mw-redirect" title="Smith v Gould">Smith v Gould</a></i> (1705–07) 2 Salk 666 (antagonism to slavery), but see 91 ER 566</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keeble_v_Hickeringill" title="Keeble v Hickeringill">Keeble v Hickeringill</a></i> (1707) 11 East 574, Holt 19 (interference with property rights, "the duck pond case")</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Holt_(Lord_Chief_Justice)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_Abingdonians" title="List of Old Abingdonians">List of Old Abingdonians</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Holt_(Lord_Chief_Justice)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPreston1929" class="citation book cs1">Preston, Arthur Edwin (1929). <i>St.Nicholas Abingdon and Other Papers, pre isbn</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=St.Nicholas+Abingdon+and+Other+Papers%2C+pre+isbn&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1929&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Edwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Holt+%28Lord+Chief+Justice%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinde/St_John_Parker1977" class="citation book cs1">Hinde/St John Parker, Thomas/Michael (1977). <i>The Martlet and the Griffen</i>. James and James Publishers Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907-383-777" title="Special:BookSources/0-907-383-777"><bdi>0-907-383-777</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Martlet+and+the+Griffen&rft.pub=James+and+James+Publishers+Ltd&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-907-383-777&rft.aulast=Hinde%2FSt+John+Parker&rft.aufirst=Thomas%2FMichael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Holt+%28Lord+Chief+Justice%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holt named his two Levett nephews, Richard and John, in his 1708 will.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ozMEAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA337">Pedigree of Sir John Holt, LeNeve's Pedigrees of the Knights Made by King Charles II, Peter LeNeve, George Marshall, 1873</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mh2oAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Rowland+holt%22&pg=PA431"><i>A Pepysian garland: black-letter broadside ballads of the years 1595–1639</i></a>, Samuel Pepys and <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Edward_Rollins" title="Hyder Edward Rollins">Hyder Edward Rollins</a>, Cambridge University Press, 1922, p. 431.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:EB1911 - Volume 13.djvu/636"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/EB1911_-_Volume_13.djvu/636">"636" </a></span>. <i>Page:EB1911 - Volume 13.djvu</i> – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=636&rft.btitle=Page%3AEB1911+-+Volume+13.djvu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Holt+%28Lord+Chief+Justice%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HOLT, Sir John (1642-1710), of Bedford Row, Mdx. and Redgrave, Suff. Published in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1660-1690, ed. B.D. Henning, 1983 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/holt-sir-john-1642-1710">[1]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660-1851 by Rupert Gunnis p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallow2022" class="citation book cs1">Callow, John (2022). "Chapter 8, The politics of death, and Chapter 9, Disenchantment". <i>The Last Witches of England: A Tragedy of Sorcery and Superstition</i>. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7883-1439-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7883-1439-8"><bdi>978-1-7883-1439-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+8%2C+The+politics+of+death%2C+and+Chapter+9%2C+Disenchantment&rft.btitle=The+Last+Witches+of+England%3A+A+Tragedy+of+Sorcery+and+Superstition&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-7883-1439-8&rft.aulast=Callow&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Holt+%28Lord+Chief+Justice%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WN-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WN_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WN_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNotestein1911" class="citation book cs1">Notestein, Wallace (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistorywitchcr00notegoog"><i>A History of Witchcraft in England from 1558 to 1718</i></a>. The American historical association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Witchcraft+in+England+from+1558+to+1718&rft.pub=The+American+historical+association&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Notestein&rft.aufirst=Wallace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fahistorywitchcr00notegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Holt+%28Lord+Chief+Justice%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JC-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JC_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JC_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallow2022" class="citation book cs1">Callow, John (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LiNLEAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1"><i>The last witches of England: a tragedy of sorcery and superstition</i></a>. London: Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7883-1439-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7883-1439-8"><bdi>978-1-7883-1439-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+last+witches+of+England%3A+a+tragedy+of+sorcery+and+superstition&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-7883-1439-8&rft.aulast=Callow&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLiNLEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Holt+%28Lord+Chief+Justice%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GLK-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GLK_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLK_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKittredge1929" class="citation book cs1">Kittredge, George Lyman (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/witchcraftinoldn00kitt_0"><i>Witchcraft in Old and New England</i></a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 365<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Witchcraft+in+Old+and+New+England&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=365&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1929&rft.aulast=Kittredge&rft.aufirst=George+Lyman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwitchcraftinoldn00kitt_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Holt+%28Lord+Chief+Justice%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JB-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JB_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JB_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry2012" class="citation book cs1">Barry, Jonathan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230361386_4">"The Politics of Pandaemonium"</a>. <i>Witchcraft and Demonology in South-West England, 1640–1789</i>. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 103–123. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230361386_4">10.1057/9780230361386_4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-36138-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-36138-6"><bdi>978-0-230-36138-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+Pandaemonium&rft.btitle=Witchcraft+and+Demonology+in+South-West+England%2C+1640%E2%80%931789&rft.pages=103-123&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9780230361386_4&rft.isbn=978-0-230-36138-6&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1057%2F9780230361386_4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Holt+%28Lord+Chief+Justice%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Elmer2004-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Elmer2004_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElmerGrell2004" class="citation book cs1">Elmer, Peter; Grell, Ole Peter (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vPpvlIrVSMkC&q=william+rose+apothecary&pg=PA347">"131. Challenging the physicians monopoly in London; The Rose Case of 1704"</a>. <i>Health, Disease and Society in Europe, 1500-1800: A Sourcebook</i>. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. p. 347. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719067372" title="Special:BookSources/9780719067372"><bdi>9780719067372</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=131.+Challenging+the+physicians+monopoly+in+London%3B+The+Rose+Case+of+1704&rft.btitle=Health%2C+Disease+and+Society+in+Europe%2C+1500-1800%3A+A+Sourcebook&rft.pages=347&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780719067372&rft.aulast=Elmer&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Grell%2C+Ole+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvPpvlIrVSMkC%26q%3Dwilliam%2Brose%2Bapothecary%26pg%3DPA347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Holt+%28Lord+Chief+Justice%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p>Reports of Cases determined by Sir John Holt (1681–1710) appeared at London in 1738; <i>John Paty and others</i>, printed from original MSS., at London (1837). See Burnet's <i>Own Times; Tatter,</i> No. xiv.; a <i>Life,</i> published in 1764; Welsby, <i>Lives of Eminent English Judges of the 17th and 18th Centuries</i> (1846); Campbell's <i>Lives of the Lord Chief Justices;</i> and Foss, <i>Lives of the Judges</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Holt_(Lord_Chief_Justice)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/John_Holt_(Lord_Chief_Justice)" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/John Holt (Lord Chief Justice)">John Holt (Lord Chief Justice)</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7nRbAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22richard+levett%22&pg=PA121">Will of Sir John Holt, The Life of the Right Honourable Sir John Holt, Knight, Lord Chief justice of the Court of King's-Bench, J. R. (A Gentleman of the Inner Temple), Printed for the Author and Sold by J. Worrall, 1764</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/redgravehistory/holt/johnholt.htm">Sir John Holt (1642–1710): a biographical sketch, with especial reference to his witchcraft trials</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180704220348/http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/redgravehistory/holt/johnholt.htm">Archived</a> 4 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/liveseminenteng00welsgoog/page/n103">Sir John Holt, in: Welsby, W.N. (ed): Lives of eminent English judges of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (London, 1846)</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_(1604%E2%80%931690)" title="John Maynard (1604–1690)">Sir John Maynard</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Elwill,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Elwill, 1st Baronet">John Elwill</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Bere_Alston_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bere Alston (UK Parliament constituency)">Bere Alston</a> </b><br />1689 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Elwill,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Elwill, 1st Baronet">John Elwill</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Elwill,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Elwill, 1st Baronet">John Elwill</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Trevor_(speaker)" title="John Trevor (speaker)">Sir John Trevor</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wright_(judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Wright (judge)">Sir Robert Wright</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Chief Justice">Lord Chief Justice</a> </b><br />1689–1710 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Egerton,_1st_Viscount_Brackley" title="Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley">1st Viscount Brackley</a> (1603–1617)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a> (1617–1621)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(judge)" title="Julius Caesar (judge)">Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ley,_1st_Earl_of_Marlborough" title="James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough">1st Earl of Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Montagu,_1st_Earl_of_Manchester" title="Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester">1st Earl of Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox" title="Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox">2nd Duke of Lennox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_21st_Earl_of_Arundel" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel">21st Earl of Arundel</a> (1621)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(archbishop_of_York)" title="John Williams (archbishop of York)">John Williams</a> (1621–1625)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a><br />(1625–1649)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coventry,_1st_Baron_Coventry" title="Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry">1st Baron Coventry</a> (1625–1640)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Finch,_1st_Baron_Finch" title="John Finch, 1st Baron Finch">1st Baron Finch</a> (1640–1641)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Littleton,_1st_Baron_Lyttelton" title="Edward Littleton, 1st Baron Lyttelton">1st Baron Lyttelton</a> (1641–1645)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lane_(barrister)" title="Richard Lane (barrister)">Richard Lane</a> (1645–1649)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_Council_of_State" title="English Council of State">Council of State</a><br />(1649–1653)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulstrode_Whitelocke" title="Bulstrode Whitelocke">Bulstrode Whitelocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lisle" title="John Lisle">John Lisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Keble" title="Richard Keble">Richard Keble</a> (1649–1653)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a><br />(1653–1658)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulstrode_Whitelocke" title="Bulstrode Whitelocke">Bulstrode Whitelocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lisle" title="John Lisle">John Lisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Keble" title="Richard Keble">Richard Keble</a> (1653–1654)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulstrode_Whitelocke" title="Bulstrode Whitelocke">Bulstrode Whitelocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lisle" title="John Lisle">John Lisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Widdrington" title="Thomas Widdrington">Thomas Widdrington</a> (1654–1656)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Fiennes" title="Nathaniel Fiennes">Nathaniel Fiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lisle" title="John Lisle">John Lisle</a> (1656–1658)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell" title="Richard Cromwell">Richard Cromwell</a><br />(1658–1659)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Fiennes" title="Nathaniel Fiennes">Nathaniel Fiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lisle" title="John Lisle">John Lisle</a> (1658–1659)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_Council_of_State" title="English Council of State">Council of State</a><br />(1659–1660)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Fiennes" title="Nathaniel Fiennes">Nathaniel Fiennes</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/John_Lisle" title="John Lisle">John Lisle</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Bulstrode_Whitelocke" title="Bulstrode Whitelocke">Bulstrode Whitelocke</a></i> (January–June 1659)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Bradshaw_(judge)" title="John Bradshaw (judge)">John Bradshaw</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tyrrell" title="Thomas Tyrrell">Thomas Tyrrell</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/John_Fountaine" title="John Fountaine">John Fountaine</a></i> (June 1659–1660)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Lenthall" title="William Lenthall">William Lenthall</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Widdrington" title="Thomas Widdrington">Thomas Widdrington</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tyrrell" title="Thomas Tyrrell">Thomas Tyrrell</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/John_Fountaine" title="John Fountaine">John Fountaine</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Edward_Montagu,_2nd_Earl_of_Manchester" title="Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester">2nd Earl of Manchester</a></i> (1660)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a><br />(1660–1685)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon">1st Earl of Clarendon</a> (1660–1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Orlando_Bridgeman,_1st_Baronet,_of_Great_Lever" title="Sir Orlando Bridgeman, 1st Baronet, of Great Lever">Sir Orlando Bridgeman</a> (1667–1672)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley_Cooper,_1st_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury">1st Earl of Shaftesbury</a> (1672–1673)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heneage_Finch,_1st_Earl_of_Nottingham" title="Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham">1st Earl of Nottingham</a> (1673–1682)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_North,_1st_Baron_Guilford" title="Francis North, 1st Baron Guilford">1st Baron Guilford</a> (1682–1685)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II</a><br />(1685–1688)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Jeffreys,_1st_Baron_Jeffreys" title="George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys">1st Baron Jeffreys</a> (1685–1688)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William</a> & <a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary II of England">Mary</a><br />(1689–1694)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_(1604%E2%80%931690)" title="John Maynard (1604–1690)">John Maynard</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Keck_(Tiverton_MP)" title="Anthony Keck (Tiverton MP)">Anthony Keck</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/William_Rawlinson_(Commissioner)" title="William Rawlinson (Commissioner)">William Rawlinson</a></i> (1689–1690)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Trevor_(speaker)" title="John Trevor (speaker)">John Trevor</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/William_Rawlinson_(Commissioner)" title="William Rawlinson (Commissioner)">William Rawlinson</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/George_Hutchins_(lawyer)" title="George Hutchins (lawyer)">George Hutchins</a></i> (1690–1693)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Somers,_1st_Baron_Somers" title="John Somers, 1st Baron Somers">1st Baron Somers</a> (1693–1694)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a><br />(1694–1702)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Somers,_1st_Baron_Somers" title="John Somers, 1st Baron Somers">1st Baron Somers</a> (1693–1700)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Holt</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/George_Treby_(judge)" title="George Treby (judge)">George Treby</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ward_(judge)" title="Edward Ward (judge)">Edward Ward</a></i> (1700)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Wright_(judge)" title="Nathan Wright (judge)">Nathan Wright</a> (1700–1702)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Anne</a><br />(1702–1714)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Wright_(judge)" title="Nathan Wright (judge)">Nathan Wright</a> (1702–1705)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cowper,_1st_Earl_Cowper" title="William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper">1st Earl Cowper</a> (1705–1710)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Trevor,_1st_Baron_Trevor" title="Thomas Trevor, 1st Baron Trevor">1st Baron Trevor</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Robert_Tracy_(judge)" title="Robert Tracy (judge)">Robert Tracy</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/John_Scrope_(MP)" title="John Scrope (MP)">John Scrope</a></i> (1710)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harcourt,_1st_Viscount_Harcourt" title="Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt">1st Viscount Harcourt</a> (1710–1714)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics indicate service when the <a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Realm" title="Great Seal of the Realm">Greal Seal</a> was held in Commission</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6239694#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6239694#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6239694#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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