CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134c7a87c438819',cH: '_vkkIsFCq_q2HFwOnSgEoyRrXedlFlNvJ0yOFD4B_nA-1739784848-1.2.1.1-qoSxRhh0iBmOhm4AUOSLhg_SBzDlWiEiRQUUOYshjB6A5vfLQhIpEn_wcTp_K3WE',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=experiments&__cf_chl_tk=sp.Mpx7oFulhQ2Rby4qWz9sEyv3wgjwXggbdpv7qedE-1739784848-1.0.1.1-lnZGxWPN4qQ5aoBC4j.0_IluDjF5rR20zrCUZTOpueQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784848',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=experiments&__cf_chl_f_tk=sp.Mpx7oFulhQ2Rby4qWz9sEyv3wgjwXggbdpv7qedE-1739784848-1.0.1.1-lnZGxWPN4qQ5aoBC4j.0_IluDjF5rR20zrCUZTOpueQ",md: "0uRU23O_obhORJNkq1fE3HFBpgle2Y1oImbWkNSY3Gk-1739784848-1.2.1.1-.oLQxW4JN8u5uUgh9zuu6XuNhmx8gCSrgi5y_CEV_.cLCs4Ewx50McV9l4bmVdjxBKTa1SNvy1iE3wIVQlo5OrwUywXdWnsoZ4W1GnztaDgKNHOCwDn4TQz7oLMigYQWzR_rtEKEWl_wqbJggxoSwZrfIBDcZSsCe5kpvEcsP0i_tKKUiv1J5CrSyJl5B2ecjlVznStOFESMGHMeKTUNwSKYXAYKKiL.FxvlS8DT.29UsRzuoFN4WvvftQJog5kIlhT0IRYCH0WJGKcImP07Y5esMWSvUFi6OaBjFArM.srKgcEFwfrzhumLhg5d2wpE3WBYDMR8sWQl17C7GPcT5FHiP0.4DEsAJvIvV59qSanbyEWVBQ9srWP.1kKSru8aWz_t31Jf_.wP4CizuTTRQz0oFNpw_.cu3ouTP9bwgQtG475Ac0o8Pi2U_66FSAoJIk8552qg7VCnAjjBXJ4T48CrzAWYaVCOhS_fs5rjHLfNcPeM3QJHEqZQEUBdqx5hq1nIvODsh.UbGLRRl444oJzbs5kmQzXuUtd3z5oiHroYM0WuL_uzZop16xbic8q.Bh921y4HjUTBXvRFRVDZUZ7hxETZ57kdnrD3zDsWmWTnSOCxIIFh66FOeu1TIS8FMr574caW_Cwac7L9_k6IZQRuDJsecB5A4AXcp1qWgxJMLiyQk1yayWVp0s_4EvZQ8wq2HtPWos6hYNoDmwx23lmk1jWqruyioTP72a1eg1FQvGOykg1oTim.eyHUyWhhDRBKgFrYOQGDq4cAoMi_gimxVBkmuuHNpLDctNZDq_G9v._xE.YnYt.tFS3KMyBMTBfzRJc0nXenl2S1sZpKh8auhFOU4Ql_wZwNzdI14Y8CDYWKFYolRqHdxV.0NFwQ_EhiUki9c1iSaZ.STMo8Ce_QhpCfO0nNyg6jVJNhmYsmyzCzJb2Lg2mkEfw6SqNeOihOuA5gNUY_Sjk5lM1uhxkrOaupxjWHJiUSeO0GXzC7sVQ4njOWxgExxO7.Rp5QWGwUl6NuwhOwqpLhJtqITFJI359Zw1YAF1xN_C2COsCjBWS1EKnZ9e4oRUI69Jf1VwvKz.LUd0.vZMtOlzDw07SgYalAbBJ4b0zxXliB08cREqxMo42oEUx6Sou0IxsivKnnjXrUFTpB1ARTkW6JqfwtezhsLNL1.jcY3gOJIRP65pjsBpoRfD6gA5Mzd_NyCyT226O3m.XlHVTrgrEtc3elFIydd42.mjUWkgSwvRqEiU2uhbJJljDd0ExVyEuO7l29E4o67JHEl8nFWx41McsCIntr3qGZuHf4Teeksdt7JpqqOBSreX2YTvVzC9ofkNl9MEU5Tln8abKcjflUVhjii4XVER9wDtLBCuWsGbXPqNoG2yKEwOGg0TvwMTgQN7oIyjDtng2Jb9efSQX43gvF_5GA3gWlZOeSSBw_X1o5K2wkNot81NcEvrlPgcvdGVE1PjboOAsNNJM1Np5o0YorSxXptZNcOnUBY5mz4C4zzr3fqjOZhgFLb88BQoAa4ji5wIuFdccxDXGefiNpC_Os7ET4t2Qalgalo5x6Kbu1cU6ixLpXTjpuJO7ZuHsjCrXc3G5NlMRFIAWHurwSeRdsEFcqbqO2wyCPo2h.hAc9M4i1yhCdLf51.aiTQYDL17Lg53sQ8UX3a7ZjXyWxtllSpEAuq6XGs_FrVnE9Ao66iX8YOuqBEOjr.lTiUf5RRoe3zj.iyQQQJlMqpc7JTR4xezuyiitj0Hv89wrBACvTVu1Tuqvkpqhv9ZS16JNPQRh.GR8REBgw4RPi9OICb8eP5zTM5TZFbOQ8OAxmWm4.2LJ8mbd6rMSFuwXJUctklT5x9zl6eAfgYGaeoK3V.iV_OcolmaefGHa8.9kqF7yjnjKd8SodSN60BiL7d_4G3LMfIpANOfuhKfjZWSr0eQ",mdrd: "rfqLrra1eeTpZ_tf2_WD84dq8wfhT7K6mWZsTfQaJHk-1739784848-1.2.1.1-ZC7qhmpPHdNdMlUbHUcvx8W2_qThQUqFlLFA1e0jJb3F1RNyBjG8XEI0M9QgQIsEIt0X3GGdDSABKoo1HxQ_E_vod1jrsAAaw1dyBD.WrqpjQo7VxqxMxVZ4s6JqWJteauzPFkDIHe3XsVCeHtFlozUa.nvst91w.MBdwG8UVnWyle236PgaGxobpCnL4Eu7gfP3KTqV_DseciVDQPq9DidIWcifwW6CZ07imofJA8D7NOTnQHJeQvTklhLBIzXk_XVxnVorXLlzW2BwTRmnliRWd37si49mshxYTU18YVsqZ5Vh1nYsN53ADlx0fB9Ji2DlMjrbxfCsleWAmmo7oV5W5vv5ki9FtmglcvurlbRMIprzfEKAERdAX.Gvj_7FX8T5Z7I78yDKTBbgyW.D5T6rPRdNjIS_rth.qtmqNk96V60RTVXtrFuZ8WWsahHHhBV56BJx4VjJROVS.dM1apj0C8LYNmPxYaylHveDyYycphfkR.428cm8PjcSS_UZKPV5BnXHRagkN2uWGHi9B2a7oRzetAgT16g5yXtY0WOSXy2UiNEpnS3hDnGIurx7xDFcJwuduO4zgrw3P.jy3KlSTBxo0HDjlhd6b2a2rzHYsS5Au4E6CUZTnaNTkF7XzEIytCcd0XcLkf1hsvrKHJDZwBTN3.MMEOy_QrIZP3AmcshvCz1PSPW10Ow8prHoCxKbg5iAgGzJvW2SjsjOTNuO9L6QtCXHCDf_9D.O1V_iXbWhf4us_uLQc214X_6pWPScRebhDBVAwVoDLq7zzT29k7Dh_wyXJXbrFviJPyKzjQlgF1tuHrhLircy_b2.IBNFa209XmTKHIzvBI7AqDEhWcN.yIai5SgVICjpPYTLz11PuOWCGrS.nwTgAdCaT3KLdD92g9V2fruEdyQQVv0BgizLuMqcrOXanM4S1HNYSv9ZA87Y_bpL4NugFAjgbqNUCjH3Rgu5exmm0c1xzLTbQgIW3kx4wQykCMaCkisN_TbCF88t0AiObk9gpABoBwJVJhE_N.k5miEL1jjiIbVDpqaTJlbdkdY8.hAKh0VV3PMVW2z5TILWTura203myH4MQL2xfYzHYwfdWGJbDCr4Sba6v6vjaS8AaScs_xjwa1RhTGxhoitVJL3F1TonlQlZfQO4W7CNLzPVaxkV_B.wML26HcXCSVwPSXDygUWnuFYVAad_DxnLUP3UUbSpcMKE6r20FsYCcqHhirgLe.Bo8TabG8Z5jNR.q3D3.4OeNOrfTS9bJI7ueN_R7x2tcRwPDy7WpZxaCHaK3OMUus3De6jtNsGoZGcpzcVaAY22fbibi_m1rpGgPc6XOV2nEdGdrogYgEINi8IyqVFYJEbfabJpAa0SEie86d_G0Zr7G80boFnPz4T6daCC2lGyOw46V_AgwnB2dpvqMA5OijpnOmNiLLEY60GmemSMifwM07XuwtjSTM9CznMG9t37kAiCsnXTS5dLyN9DSrubC_JssMA5SB5Qaf6dlb1JI.hKg1uEFy00.VJYQ9SGOQirwcJJG4K8bRTcXxhDHyeBpD5lYsU1MYh.1sxzTmxkhj4MEsOJq.7DkYCs7dLfvB.wN.dzbcFbYpdlfb6zGqrjtvraXRTaQdvX6qrCs61n10SIjQYPL_WrMZEruyWyUPm1FyqkpLow_QxqwNRhF4sxjnPT4P5CxU6obWFHjW7.HDPEBpJjvljKrahv6F06SiyqYiJssmDh_DE2wi58cZ5yN48usmhwg1BHnJCDC6V.DWaYjKfzXvzkya4rXUyJm2KtYBCdsmFaeoFXj5RkiSsj03j9n4RlVDZkunkX2pDiMUveHcn6Nh3FJtQ6O7Q3VFq8b6lm6lfkEdePGtCYGX0HaVuAudYu3pKUV8xcUAcu3.tRSxAVHp19lJi8edg7llLVicrIj7iWrwG5Snketgdez3AtAiZmFam08sYuML95dPDfKCKdQ3f1FxwzPHVdLbG1MNIR1WUQAx6ZnaLyihG.lA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134c7a87c438819';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=experiments&__cf_chl_rt_tk=sp.Mpx7oFulhQ2Rby4qWz9sEyv3wgjwXggbdpv7qedE-1739784848-1.0.1.1-lnZGxWPN4qQ5aoBC4j.0_IluDjF5rR20zrCUZTOpueQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>