Home - SCIEPublish

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" /> <title>Home - SCIEPublish</title> <meta name="keywords" content="SCIE Publishing, SCIEPublish, open access, fast publication" /> <meta name="description" content="SCIEPublish is an international open-access journal publishing service provider run by SCIE Publishing Limited, dedicated to supporting and inspiring scientists or institutions/societies who aspire to publish high-quality journals." /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,initial-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0"> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/bootstrap.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/font/bootstrap-icons.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/lightbox.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/theme.css?74" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/common.css?122" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/ckeditorStyle.css?2" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/select-mania.min.css" /> <script src="/static/js/jquery-3.7.1.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/js/lightbox.js"></script> <script src="/static/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/js/select-mania.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/katex/katex.min.css"> <script src="/static/katex/katex.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/katex/contrib/auto-render.min.js"></script> <style> .katex{ font-size: 1rem!important; font-weight:400!important; } </style> <script> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { // article-abseract document.querySelectorAll(".article-abseract").forEach(element => { renderMathInElement(element, { delimiters: [ {left: '$$', right: '$$', display: false}, ], throwOnError : false }); }); }); </script> </head> <body> <header> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light my-body-container"> <div class="navbar-left"> <a href="/" class="uk-navbar-item" alt="Back to the homepage"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="navbar-logo" xml:space="preserve" version="1.0" viewBox="0 0 5.08 1.933"> <path d="M1.021 1.245a.29.29 0 0 1-.211-.054l-.027-.023-.003-.003.056-.066.003.004a.3.3 0 0 0 .043.033.2.2 0 0 0 .128.027l.024-.007.019-.01a.07.07 0 0 0 .022-.032.1.1 0 0 0 0-.036l-.004-.014a.1.1 0 0 0-.016-.02.1.1 0 0 0-.027-.017L.994 1.01.919.98a.3.3 0 0 1-.076-.05.14.14 0 0 1-.034-.067.2.2 0 0 1 0-.06.13.13 0 0 1 .027-.056.2.2 0 0 1 .049-.041A.2.2 0 0 1 .95.683a.3.3 0 0 1 .07-.001.2.2 0 0 1 .06.017.3.3 0 0 1 .075.05l.003.003-.05.061L1.103.81a.2.2 0 0 0-.053-.034.2.2 0 0 0-.063-.013.1.1 0 0 0-.046.008L.925.78a.06.06 0 0 0-.023.047l.001.015.006.012a.1.1 0 0 0 .018.02.1.1 0 0 0 .027.017L.97.899l.016.006.074.032a.3.3 0 0 1 .058.033.14.14 0 0 1 .051.08.2.2 0 0 1 0 .07.15.15 0 0 1-.048.081.2.2 0 0 1-.062.035zm.527-.002a.24.24 0 0 1-.1 0 .23.23 0 0 1-.125-.069.2.2 0 0 1-.051-.089.3.3 0 0 1-.019-.119.4.4 0 0 1 .02-.12.3.3 0 0 1 .052-.09.23.23 0 0 1 .176-.076.3.3 0 0 1 .064.01.3.3 0 0 1 .053.025.2.2 0 0 1 .04.034l.002.003-.052.061L1.605.81A.2.2 0 0 0 1.56.776a.2.2 0 0 0-.037-.012.15.15 0 0 0-.082.013.13.13 0 0 0-.049.039l-.018.029a.2.2 0 0 0-.022.073.4.4 0 0 0 .002.104.2.2 0 0 0 .014.05.2.2 0 0 0 .023.04.14.14 0 0 0 .066.047.15.15 0 0 0 .107-.009l.028-.017.025-.023.003-.004.051.06-.002.003a.3.3 0 0 1-.076.059.2.2 0 0 1-.045.015m.314-.004h-.09V.69h.095v.549zm.485 0h-.331V.69h.328v.08H2.11v.141h.198v.082H2.11v.165h.242v.08zm.215 0h-.09V.69h.169a.4.4 0 0 1 .083.008L2.76.71l.031.016a.13.13 0 0 1 .044.053q.009.015.012.036a.22.22 0 0 1-.012.121l-.018.03a.176.176 0 0 1-.09.057.3.3 0 0 1-.084.011h-.076v.205zm.005-.472v.19h.068a.2.2 0 0 0 .056-.006.1.1 0 0 0 .038-.018.1.1 0 0 0 .022-.031.1.1 0 0 0 .007-.045l-.003-.03a.07.07 0 0 0-.028-.04L2.703.776 2.671.769 2.633.767zm.539.48a.2.2 0 0 1-.067-.003.1.1 0 0 1-.075-.07.3.3 0 0 1-.013-.09V.827h.093v.248a.3.3 0 0 0 .007.055l.008.017.012.012.016.007.02.002a.1.1 0 0 0 .033-.006.1.1 0 0 0 .03-.019.2.2 0 0 0 .03-.032V.826h.093v.413h-.078l-.006-.057a.2.2 0 0 1-.078.057zm.548-.002-.034.003-.03-.003-.029-.01A.2.2 0 0 1 3.51 1.2l-.007.039h-.075V.645h.093q0 .11-.002.219l.01-.008A.2.2 0 0 1 3.59.823a.2.2 0 0 1 .043-.007.2.2 0 0 1 .07.015.15.15 0 0 1 .07.074.2.2 0 0 1 .022.076.4.4 0 0 1 0 .095.3.3 0 0 1-.029.082.2.2 0 0 1-.079.075zm-.07-.077a.1.1 0 0 0 .046-.002.1.1 0 0 0 .043-.032l.015-.028a.2.2 0 0 0 .01-.036.3.3 0 0 0-.006-.114A.1.1 0 0 0 3.68.93.07.07 0 0 0 3.64.9.1.1 0 0 0 3.59.899l-.023.008-.023.015-.023.02v.193a.2.2 0 0 0 .043.027zm.424.08h-.015a.1.1 0 0 1-.051-.013l-.017-.016-.011-.022-.007-.026-.002-.031V.645h.093v.5L4 1.16l.003.004.003.003.008.002h.008l.005-.001h.004l.013.071-.004.002-.009.002zm.22-.01H4.14V.827h.093v.413zm-.026-.48L4.187.76q-.009 0-.016-.002L4.157.753a.05.05 0 0 1-.02-.02.1.1 0 0 1-.008-.027L4.13.69a.05.05 0 0 1 .027-.032L4.17.653a.07.07 0 0 1 .045.005.05.05 0 0 1 .03.048.1.1 0 0 1-.009.028.1.1 0 0 1-.02.019zm.315.488a.25.25 0 0 1-.19-.054l-.004-.003.045-.062.004.003a.3.3 0 0 0 .053.034.13.13 0 0 0 .058.012l.022-.002.016-.005.013-.008.009-.01a.05.05 0 0 0 .007-.025q0-.006-.002-.012l-.005-.01-.008-.009-.011-.008-.028-.014-.016-.006-.017-.007a.4.4 0 0 1-.079-.041.1.1 0 0 1-.028-.034L4.348.964 4.345.939a.12.12 0 0 1 .023-.07.1.1 0 0 1 .038-.033A.2.2 0 0 1 4.46.82a.2.2 0 0 1 .13.022l.037.024.003.003-.045.059-.003-.003A.2.2 0 0 0 4.54.9a.1.1 0 0 0-.065-.008.1.1 0 0 0-.027.012l-.007.01a.04.04 0 0 0-.007.022q0 .006.002.01l.005.01a.1.1 0 0 0 .017.015l.027.013.016.006.016.006.063.028.019.013a.1.1 0 0 1 .029.035l.008.023a.13.13 0 0 1-.008.077.1.1 0 0 1-.03.04.14.14 0 0 1-.05.027zm.307-.007h-.088V.645h.092q0 .115-.002.229a.3.3 0 0 1 .05-.038.2.2 0 0 1 .048-.017.2.2 0 0 1 .068.002.1.1 0 0 1 .057.038q.01.014.018.033A.314.314 0 0 1 5.08.98v.258h-.093V.99L4.985.96 4.98.936 4.97.92 4.96.907 4.943.9a.1.1 0 0 0-.037 0 .1.1 0 0 0-.03.011l-.016.01-.032.03v.288z" /> <path d="M1.844 1.377a.97.97 0 0 1-.878.563A.963.963 0 0 1 0 .974.964.964 0 0 1 .966.007a.96.96 0 0 1 .865.536l-.048.024A.92.92 0 0 0 .966.062a.91.91 0 0 0-.912.912.91.91 0 0 0 .912.912.91.91 0 0 0 .83-.532z" class="logo-circle" /> </svg> </a> </div> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <div class="btn-menu"> <span></span> <span></span> <span></span> </div> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent"> <div class="nav-form-search"> <form class="form-search" method="get" action="/index/search/index.html"> <input class="search-input" type="text" name="search" placeholder="What are you looking for?" autofocus /> <button type="submit">Search</button> </form> </div> <ul class="navbar-nav uk-navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item uk-active"> <a class="nav-link" href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link" href="/About_SCIEPublish">About</a> </li> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link" href="/index/journals/index">Journals</a> </li> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link" href="/news/list">News</a> </li> </ul> <a class="js-navbar-toggle sc-icon-button sc-transition" title="Search" href="#"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-search" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M11.742 10.344a6.5 6.5 0 1 0-1.397 1.398h-.001c.03.04.062.078.098.115l3.85 3.85a1 1 0 0 0 1.415-1.414l-3.85-3.85a1.007 1.007 0 0 0-.115-.1zM12 6.5a5.5 5.5 0 1 1-11 0 5.5 5.5 0 0 1 11 0z"/> </svg> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-x-lg" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M2.146 2.854a.5.5 0 1 1 .708-.708L8 7.293l5.146-5.147a.5.5 0 0 1 .708.708L8.707 8l5.147 5.146a.5.5 0 0 1-.708.708L8 8.707l-5.146 5.147a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L7.293 8 2.146 2.854Z"/> </svg> </a> <a class="uk-button sc-transition" href="/my/submitting">Publish with us</a> <a class="text-login" title="Sign in" href="/index/user/login.html"> Sign in </a> </div> </nav> </header>  <section class="index-carousel"> <div class="my-body-container padding0"> <div id="carouselExampleFade" class="carousel slide carousel-fade" data-ride="carousel"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <a href="" title="SBE" target="_blank"> <img class="pc-img" src="/uploads/2025/03/25/1742873506lRd3.png" alt="SBE" /> <img class="mc-img" src="/uploads/2025/03/25/1742873508zts5.png" alt="SBE" /> </a> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <a href="" title="PRP" target="_blank"> <img class="pc-img" src="/uploads/2025/03/25/1742873521ietO.png" alt="PRP" /> <img class="mc-img" src="/uploads/2025/03/25/1742873524sgFL.png" alt="PRP" /> </a> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <a href="" title="CES" target="_blank"> <img class="pc-img" src="/uploads/2025/03/25/1742873536fOjS.png" alt="CES" /> <img class="mc-img" src="/uploads/2025/03/25/1742873539KdeU.png" alt="CES" /> </a> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <a href="https://www.sciepublish.com/" title="SCIEPublish" target="_blank"> <img class="pc-img" src="/uploads/2025/03/19/17423757921vMe.jpg" alt="SCIEPublish" /> <img class="mc-img" src="/uploads/2024/04/24/17139255105cl0.jpg" alt="SCIEPublish" /> </a> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-target="#carouselExampleFade" data-slide="prev"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-chevron-left" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.354 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708L5.707 8l5.647 5.646a.5.5 0 0 1-.708.708l-6-6a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708l6-6a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0z"/> </svg> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-target="#carouselExampleFade" data-slide="next"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-chevron-right" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L10.293 8 4.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"/> </svg> </button> </div> </div> </section>  <section class="index-news"> <div class="my-body-container padding0"> <div class="section-heading"> <h3 class="section-title"> Latest News <a href="/index/news/index.html" class="anchor"> More News <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-chevron-double-right" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L9.293 8 3.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L13.293 8 7.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"/> </svg> </a> </h3> </div> <ul class="d-flex align-content-around flex-wrap news-list row row-cols-1 row-cols-xl-4 row-cols-lg-3 row-cols-md-2 row-cols-sm-1 mt-3 ml-n2 mr-n2"> <li class="col mb-3 pl-2 pr-2 pb-3 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <div class="img"> <a href="/news/4th-international-conference-on-materials-science-and-manufacturing-icmsm-2025-"><img src="/uploads/2025/04/07/1743993854Obu2.jpg" alt="4th International Conference on Materials Science and Manufacturing (ICMSM 2025)" /></a> </div> <div class="uk-card-title"><a class="anchor" href="/news/4th-international-conference-on-materials-science-and-manufacturing-icmsm-2025-">4th International Conference on Materials Science and Manufacturing (ICMSM 2025)</a></div> </div> <div class="news-date align-self-end">29-30 May 2025 | Turkey</div> </li> <li class="col mb-3 pl-2 pr-2 pb-3 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <div class="img"> <a href="/news/european-academy-of-forensic-science-conference-eafs-2025-"><img src="/uploads/2025/04/07/1743991916ZdGG.jpg" alt="European Academy of Forensic Science Conference (EAFS 2025)" /></a> </div> <div class="uk-card-title"><a class="anchor" href="/news/european-academy-of-forensic-science-conference-eafs-2025-">European Academy of Forensic Science Conference (EAFS 2025)</a></div> </div> <div class="news-date align-self-end">26th – 30th May 2025 | Dublin, Ireland </div> </li> <li class="col mb-3 pl-2 pr-2 pb-3 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <div class="img"> <a href="/news/3rd-international-conference-on-catalysis-science-and-chemical-engineering"><img src="/uploads/2025/04/03/1743657203O73r.png" alt="3rd International Conference on Catalysis Science and Chemical Engineering" /></a> </div> <div class="uk-card-title"><a class="anchor" href="/news/3rd-international-conference-on-catalysis-science-and-chemical-engineering">3rd International Conference on Catalysis Science and Chemical Engineering</a></div> </div> <div class="news-date align-self-end">21 - 23 July 2025 | Budapest, Hungary</div> </li> <li class="col mb-3 pl-2 pr-2 pb-3 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <div class="img"> <a href="/news/5th-international-conference-on-cardiology"><img src="/uploads/2025/03/26/1742953009E2fq.jpg" alt="5th International Conference on Cardiology " /></a> </div> <div class="uk-card-title"><a class="anchor" href="/news/5th-international-conference-on-cardiology">5th International Conference on Cardiology </a></div> </div> <div class="news-date align-self-end">28-29 November 2025 | Paris, France</div> </li> <li class="col mb-3 pl-2 pr-2 pb-3 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <div class="img"> <a href="/news/the-3rd-central-plains-xinxiang-international-immunology-forum"><img src="/uploads/2025/03/14/1741946098UIDw.png" alt="The 3rd Central Plains (Xinxiang) International Immunology Forum" /></a> </div> <div class="uk-card-title"><a class="anchor" href="/news/the-3rd-central-plains-xinxiang-international-immunology-forum">The 3rd Central Plains (Xinxiang) International Immunology Forum</a></div> </div> <div class="news-date align-self-end">11-12 April 2025 | Xinxiang, China</div> </li> <li class="col mb-3 pl-2 pr-2 pb-3 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <div class="img"> <a href="/news/2025-international-conference-on-eco-hydrology-and-river-connectivity-fish-passage-2025-"><img src="/uploads/2025/03/12/1741767188pMyn.png" alt="2025 International Conference on Eco-Hydrology and River Connectivity (Fish Passage 2025)" /></a> </div> <div class="uk-card-title"><a class="anchor" href="/news/2025-international-conference-on-eco-hydrology-and-river-connectivity-fish-passage-2025-">2025 International Conference on Eco-Hydrology and River Connectivity (Fish Passage 2025)</a></div> </div> <div class="news-date align-self-end">30 March- 3 April 2025 | Yichang, China</div> </li> <li class="col mb-3 pl-2 pr-2 pb-3 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <div class="img"> <a href="/news/offshore-energy-exhibition-amp-conference"><img src="/uploads/2025/03/11/1741677323UQhz.png" alt="Offshore Energy Exhibition & Conference" /></a> </div> <div class="uk-card-title"><a class="anchor" href="/news/offshore-energy-exhibition-amp-conference">Offshore Energy Exhibition & Conference</a></div> </div> <div class="news-date align-self-end">25 & 26 November 2025 | Amsterdam, The Netherlands</div> </li> <li class="col mb-3 pl-2 pr-2 pb-3 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <div class="img"> <a href="/news/2nd-global-research-conference-on-renewable-and-sustainable-energies-grcrenewable2025-"><img src="/uploads/2025/03/04/17410804535igA.png" alt="2nd Global Research Conference on Renewable and Sustainable Energies (GRCRENEWABLE2025)" /></a> </div> <div class="uk-card-title"><a class="anchor" href="/news/2nd-global-research-conference-on-renewable-and-sustainable-energies-grcrenewable2025-">2nd Global Research Conference on Renewable and Sustainable Energies (GRCRENEWABLE2025)</a></div> </div> <div class="news-date align-self-end">4-6 December 2025 | Milan, Italy</div> </li> <div class="white-border"></div> </ul> </div> </section>  <section class="index-articles"> <div class="my-body-container padding0"> <div class="section-heading"> <h3 class="section-title"> Recent Articles <a href="/index/search/index.html" class="anchor"> More Articles <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-chevron-double-right" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L9.293 8 3.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L13.293 8 7.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"/> </svg> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="article-box d-flex pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3">  <h4>Article</h4> <span>07 April 2025</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"><a href="/article/pii/491" class="anchor" title="Evaluating a Motion-Based Region Proposal Approach with Background Subtraction Methods for Small Drone Detection">Evaluating a Motion-Based Region Proposal Approach with Background Subtraction Methods for Small Drone Detection</a></h3>  <p class="article-abseract clamp">The detection of drones in complex and dynamic environments poses significant challenges due to their small size and background clutter. This study aims to address these challenges by developing a motion-based pipeline that integrates background subtraction and deep learning-based classification to detect drones in video sequences. Two background subtraction methods, Mixture of Gaussians 2 (MOG2) and Visual Background Extractor (ViBe), are assessed to isolate potential drone regions in highly complex and dynamic backgrounds. These regions are then classified using the ResNet18 architecture. The Drone-vs-Bird dataset is utilized to test the algorithm, focusing on distinguishing drones from other dynamic objects such as birds, trees, and clouds. By leveraging motion-based information, the method enhances the drone detection process by reducing computational demands. Results show that ViBe achieves a recall of 0.956 and a precision of 0.078, while MOG2 achieves a recall of 0.857 and a precision of 0.034, highlighting the comparative advantages of ViBe in detecting small drones in challenging scenarios. These findings demonstrate the robustness of the proposed pipeline and its potential contribution to enhancing surveillance and security measures.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=ElifUcurum" target="_blank"> Elif Ucurum*</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=PhilBirch" target="_blank"> Phil Birch</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=XudongHan" target="_blank"> Xudong Han</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=YueyingTian" target="_blank"> Yueying Tian</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=RupertYoung" target="_blank"> Rupert Young</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=ChrisChatwin" target="_blank"> Chris Chatwin</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <img src="/uploads/2025/04/07/8c0a95072cd690258ceef8f6a7fbff02.png" /> </div> </div> <div class="article-box d-flex pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3">  <h4>Letter</h4> <span>07 April 2025</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"><a href="/article/pii/490" class="anchor" title="Hepatic Stellate Cell Phenotypes in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH)">Hepatic Stellate Cell Phenotypes in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH)</a></h3>  <p class="article-abseract clamp"></p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=RalfWeiskirchen" target="_blank"> Ralf Weiskirchen*</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=AmedeoLonardo" target="_blank"> Amedeo Lonardo*</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <img src="/uploads/2024/08/28/1724830622d7br.jpg" /> </div> </div> <div class="article-box d-flex pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3">  <h4>Article</h4> <span>03 April 2025</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"><a href="/article/pii/489" class="anchor" title="Design, Building and Performance of a New Photocatalytic Reactor Using TiO2-Coated Rings Synthesized by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation">Design, Building and Performance of a New Photocatalytic Reactor Using TiO<sub>2</sub>-Coated Rings Synthesized by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation</a></h3>  <p class="article-abseract clamp">An annular UV photocatalytic reactor with recirculation in batch was designed and built. The design considered low construction, simple operation and maintenance costs, availability and durability of the materials used, easy cleaning, and high standards of hygiene and safety. The TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalysts were synthesized by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on commercial Ti rings were compared with coatings obtained on Ti plates as a reference, and no influence of the substrate geometry on the morphology, crystallinity, or bandgap of the coatings was observed. The efficiency of the photocatalytic reactor using 10 TiO<sub>2</sub>-coated rings was tested by Cr(VI) transformation in the presence of EDTA. The Cr(VI) transformation after 5 h irradiation attained 95%; a rather high photocatalytic activity (62%) was maintained after the third use of the rings without reactivation of the photocatalyst. These coatings synthesized by PEO have not been applied in modular photocatalytic reactors until now.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=HernánDaríoTraid" target="_blank"> Hernán Darío Traid</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=MaríaLauraVera" target="_blank"> María Laura Vera</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=AlexanderEmanuelKurtz" target="_blank"> Alexander Emanuel Kurtz</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=AnabelaNatalia Dwojak" target="_blank"> Anabela Natalia Dwojak</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=MartaIreneLitter" target="_blank"> Marta Irene Litter*</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <img src="/uploads/image/202504/03/65992f54fb31ee115d86b0a87ea19b49.jpg" /> </div> </div> <div class="article-box d-flex pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3">  <h4>Editorial</h4> <span>03 April 2025</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"><a href="/article/pii/488" class="anchor" title="Sustainable Machining for Difficult-to-Cutting Materials">Sustainable Machining for Difficult-to-Cutting Materials</a></h3>  <p class="article-abseract clamp"></p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=MinYang" target="_blank"> Min Yang*</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=CongSun" target="_blank"> Cong Sun*</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716875145yduw.jpg" /> </div> </div> <div class="article-box d-flex pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3">  <h4>Review</h4> <span>02 April 2025</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"><a href="/article/pii/487" class="anchor" title="Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors: A Critical Analysis of GaN, SiC, AlGaN, Diamond, and Ga2O3 Synthesis Methods, Challenges, and Prospective Technological Innovations">Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors: A Critical Analysis of GaN, SiC, AlGaN, Diamond, and Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Synthesis Methods, Challenges, and Prospective Technological Innovations</a></h3>  <p class="article-abseract clamp">The increasing demand for high-performance Wide-Bandgap (WBG) semiconductors, including GaN, SiC, and emerging Ultrawide-Bandgap (UWBG) materials such as Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and diamond, has driven significant advancements in epitaxial growth techniques. However, achieving scalability, defect-free growth, and sustainability remains a major challenge. This review systematically evaluates Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD), Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE), and other novel growth and hybrid growth techniques, emphasizing energy efficiency, defect control, and environmental impact. Industry 4.0-driven AI-based process optimization and closed-loop recycling have emerged as transformative strategies, reducing waste and improving manufacturing efficiency. Key findings reveal that HVPE enables rapid defect-free GaN fabrication, Hot-Filament CVD enhances SiC growth with superior thermal properties, and Atomic Layer Epitaxy (ALE) achieves sub-nanometer precision crucial for next-generation quantum and RF applications. Despite these advancements, p-type doping in UWBG materials, substrate compatibility, and thermal management remain unresolved challenges. Future research must focus on scalable eco-friendly epitaxy, novel doping mechanisms, and policy-driven sustainability efforts. This review provides a comprehensive roadmap for sustainable WBG semiconductor manufacturing, bridging materials innovation, energy efficiency, and industrial adoption to support the next generation of power electronics and optoelectronics.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=LuckmanAborahYeboah" target="_blank"> Luckman Aborah Yeboah*</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=AyinawuAbdul Malik" target="_blank"> Ayinawu Abdul Malik</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=PeterAgyemangOppong" target="_blank"> Peter Agyemang Oppong</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=PrinceSarfoAcheampong" target="_blank"> Prince Sarfo Acheampong</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=JosephArko Morgan" target="_blank"> Joseph Arko Morgan</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=RoseAkua AdwubiAddo" target="_blank"> Rose Akua Adwubi Addo</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=BorisWilliams Henyo" target="_blank"> Boris Williams Henyo</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=StephenTakyiTaylor" target="_blank"> Stephen Takyi Taylor</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=WolalormMakafuiZudor" target="_blank"> Wolalorm Makafui Zudor</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=SamuelOsei-Amponsah" target="_blank"> Samuel Osei-Amponsah</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <img src="/uploads/image/202504/02/95ed5be468dd411b6d7c980102d2e5c6.jpg" /> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <section class="index-books"> <div class="my-body-container padding0"> <div class="section-heading"> <h3 class="section-title"> Journals <a href="/index/journals/index.html" class="anchor"> More Journals <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-chevron-double-right" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L9.293 8 3.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L13.293 8 7.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"/> </svg> </a> </h3> </div> <ul class="journals-list d-flex flex-wrap pt-3 pb-3"> <li> <a href="/journals/amsm" title="Advanced Materials & Sustainable Manufacturing"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716874547gn5t.jpg" alt="Advanced Materials & Sustainable Manufacturing" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/bg" title="Blood and Genomics"> <img src="/uploads/2025/03/03/1740990776XdsI.png" alt="Blood and Genomics" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/cvs" title="Cardiovascular Science"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716874725pj60.jpg" alt="Cardiovascular Science" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/ecoldivers" title="Ecology and Diversity"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716874995w53i.jpg" alt="Ecology and Diversity" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/gct" title="Green Chemical Technology"> <img src="/uploads/2025/02/05/1738743339AkTP.jpg" alt="Green Chemical Technology" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/htm" title="High-Temperature Materials"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716875096gmcg.jpg" alt="High-Temperature Materials" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/hee" title="Hydroecology and Engineering"> <img src="/uploads/2024/06/11/1718070081cb4j.jpg" alt="Hydroecology and Engineering" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/immune" title="Immune Discovery"> <img src="/uploads/2024/06/26/1719369562247q.jpg" alt="Immune Discovery" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/ism" title="Intelligent and Sustainable Manufacturing"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716875145yduw.jpg" alt="Intelligent and Sustainable Manufacturing" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/jrbtm" title="Journal of Respiratory Biology and Translational Medicine "> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/171687517164sw.jpg" alt="Journal of Respiratory Biology and Translational Medicine " /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/ldmh" title="Lifespan Development and Mental Health"> <img src="/uploads/2024/10/31/1730358055gA4u.jpg" alt="Lifespan Development and Mental Health" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/mer" title="Marine Energy Research"> <img src="/uploads/2024/08/19/1724035733zw26.jpg" alt="Marine Energy Research" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/plfs" title="Perspectives in Legal and Forensic Sciences"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/171687526818d7.jpg" alt="Perspectives in Legal and Forensic Sciences" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/sbe" title="Synthetic Biology and Engineering"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/171687534826sk.jpg" alt="Synthetic Biology and Engineering" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/spe" title="Sustainable Polymer & Energy"> <img src="/uploads/2024/11/28/1732766802sFYf.jpg" alt="Sustainable Polymer & Energy" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/dav" title="Drones and Autonomous Vehicles"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/17168749452jfd.jpg" alt="Drones and Autonomous Vehicles" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/ces" title="Clean Energy and Sustainability"> <img src="/uploads/2024/06/04/1717468000onrb.jpg" alt="Clean Energy and Sustainability" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/ecolciviliz" title="Ecological Civilization"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/17168749694ev3.jpg" alt="Ecological Civilization" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/fibrosis" title="Fibrosis"> <img src="/uploads/2024/08/28/1724830622d7br.jpg" alt="Fibrosis" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/natanthropol" title="Nature Anthropology"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716875247taxb.jpg" alt="Nature Anthropology" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/prp" title="Photocatalysis: Research and Potential"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716875294swzs.jpg" alt="Photocatalysis: Research and Potential" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/rrd" title="Rural and Regional Development "> <img src="/uploads/2024/06/04/1717467964pye3.jpg" alt="Rural and Regional Development " /> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section>  <footer class="mt-1"> <div class="my-body-container pt-4 pb-4"> <div class="fotter-top"> <div> <div class="item-text"> <h3>About</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="/About_SCIEPublish" title="About SClEPublish">About SClEPublish</a> </li> <li> <a href="/Management_Team" title="Management Team">Management Team</a> </li> <li> <a href="/Careers" title="Careers">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/Contact" title="Contact">Contact</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="item-text"> <h3>Policies</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="/Peer_Review_Policy" title="Peer Review Policy">Peer Review Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/Open_Access_Policy" title="Open Access Policy">Open Access Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/Licensing_and_Copyright" title="Licensing and Copyright">Licensing and Copyright</a> </li> <li> <a href="/Editorial_Policy" title="Editorial Policy">Editorial Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/Advertising_Policy" title="Advertising Policy">Advertising Policy</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="item-text"> <h3>Information</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="/For_Authors" title="For Authors">For Authors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/For_Reviewers" title="For Reviewers">For Reviewers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/For_Editors" title="For Editors">For Editors</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="item-text item-text-membership"> <h3>A Member of</h3> <ul> <li class="membership-img1"> <a href="https://stm-assoc.org/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"> <img src="/style/image/stm2024-logo.png"> </a> </li> <li class="membership-img2"> <a href="https://www.alpsp.org/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title=""> <img src="/style/image/alpsp-logo.png" alt=""> </a> </li>  </ul> </div> </div> <div class="item-text item-text-right"> <h3> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="navbar-logo" xml:space="preserve" version="1.0" viewBox="0 0 5.08 1.933"> <path d="M1.021 1.245a.29.29 0 0 1-.211-.054l-.027-.023-.003-.003.056-.066.003.004a.3.3 0 0 0 .043.033.2.2 0 0 0 .128.027l.024-.007.019-.01a.07.07 0 0 0 .022-.032.1.1 0 0 0 0-.036l-.004-.014a.1.1 0 0 0-.016-.02.1.1 0 0 0-.027-.017L.994 1.01.919.98a.3.3 0 0 1-.076-.05.14.14 0 0 1-.034-.067.2.2 0 0 1 0-.06.13.13 0 0 1 .027-.056.2.2 0 0 1 .049-.041A.2.2 0 0 1 .95.683a.3.3 0 0 1 .07-.001.2.2 0 0 1 .06.017.3.3 0 0 1 .075.05l.003.003-.05.061L1.103.81a.2.2 0 0 0-.053-.034.2.2 0 0 0-.063-.013.1.1 0 0 0-.046.008L.925.78a.06.06 0 0 0-.023.047l.001.015.006.012a.1.1 0 0 0 .018.02.1.1 0 0 0 .027.017L.97.899l.016.006.074.032a.3.3 0 0 1 .058.033.14.14 0 0 1 .051.08.2.2 0 0 1 0 .07.15.15 0 0 1-.048.081.2.2 0 0 1-.062.035zm.527-.002a.24.24 0 0 1-.1 0 .23.23 0 0 1-.125-.069.2.2 0 0 1-.051-.089.3.3 0 0 1-.019-.119.4.4 0 0 1 .02-.12.3.3 0 0 1 .052-.09.23.23 0 0 1 .176-.076.3.3 0 0 1 .064.01.3.3 0 0 1 .053.025.2.2 0 0 1 .04.034l.002.003-.052.061L1.605.81A.2.2 0 0 0 1.56.776a.2.2 0 0 0-.037-.012.15.15 0 0 0-.082.013.13.13 0 0 0-.049.039l-.018.029a.2.2 0 0 0-.022.073.4.4 0 0 0 .002.104.2.2 0 0 0 .014.05.2.2 0 0 0 .023.04.14.14 0 0 0 .066.047.15.15 0 0 0 .107-.009l.028-.017.025-.023.003-.004.051.06-.002.003a.3.3 0 0 1-.076.059.2.2 0 0 1-.045.015m.314-.004h-.09V.69h.095v.549zm.485 0h-.331V.69h.328v.08H2.11v.141h.198v.082H2.11v.165h.242v.08zm.215 0h-.09V.69h.169a.4.4 0 0 1 .083.008L2.76.71l.031.016a.13.13 0 0 1 .044.053q.009.015.012.036a.22.22 0 0 1-.012.121l-.018.03a.176.176 0 0 1-.09.057.3.3 0 0 1-.084.011h-.076v.205zm.005-.472v.19h.068a.2.2 0 0 0 .056-.006.1.1 0 0 0 .038-.018.1.1 0 0 0 .022-.031.1.1 0 0 0 .007-.045l-.003-.03a.07.07 0 0 0-.028-.04L2.703.776 2.671.769 2.633.767zm.539.48a.2.2 0 0 1-.067-.003.1.1 0 0 1-.075-.07.3.3 0 0 1-.013-.09V.827h.093v.248a.3.3 0 0 0 .007.055l.008.017.012.012.016.007.02.002a.1.1 0 0 0 .033-.006.1.1 0 0 0 .03-.019.2.2 0 0 0 .03-.032V.826h.093v.413h-.078l-.006-.057a.2.2 0 0 1-.078.057zm.548-.002-.034.003-.03-.003-.029-.01A.2.2 0 0 1 3.51 1.2l-.007.039h-.075V.645h.093q0 .11-.002.219l.01-.008A.2.2 0 0 1 3.59.823a.2.2 0 0 1 .043-.007.2.2 0 0 1 .07.015.15.15 0 0 1 .07.074.2.2 0 0 1 .022.076.4.4 0 0 1 0 .095.3.3 0 0 1-.029.082.2.2 0 0 1-.079.075zm-.07-.077a.1.1 0 0 0 .046-.002.1.1 0 0 0 .043-.032l.015-.028a.2.2 0 0 0 .01-.036.3.3 0 0 0-.006-.114A.1.1 0 0 0 3.68.93.07.07 0 0 0 3.64.9.1.1 0 0 0 3.59.899l-.023.008-.023.015-.023.02v.193a.2.2 0 0 0 .043.027zm.424.08h-.015a.1.1 0 0 1-.051-.013l-.017-.016-.011-.022-.007-.026-.002-.031V.645h.093v.5L4 1.16l.003.004.003.003.008.002h.008l.005-.001h.004l.013.071-.004.002-.009.002zm.22-.01H4.14V.827h.093v.413zm-.026-.48L4.187.76q-.009 0-.016-.002L4.157.753a.05.05 0 0 1-.02-.02.1.1 0 0 1-.008-.027L4.13.69a.05.05 0 0 1 .027-.032L4.17.653a.07.07 0 0 1 .045.005.05.05 0 0 1 .03.048.1.1 0 0 1-.009.028.1.1 0 0 1-.02.019zm.315.488a.25.25 0 0 1-.19-.054l-.004-.003.045-.062.004.003a.3.3 0 0 0 .053.034.13.13 0 0 0 .058.012l.022-.002.016-.005.013-.008.009-.01a.05.05 0 0 0 .007-.025q0-.006-.002-.012l-.005-.01-.008-.009-.011-.008-.028-.014-.016-.006-.017-.007a.4.4 0 0 1-.079-.041.1.1 0 0 1-.028-.034L4.348.964 4.345.939a.12.12 0 0 1 .023-.07.1.1 0 0 1 .038-.033A.2.2 0 0 1 4.46.82a.2.2 0 0 1 .13.022l.037.024.003.003-.045.059-.003-.003A.2.2 0 0 0 4.54.9a.1.1 0 0 0-.065-.008.1.1 0 0 0-.027.012l-.007.01a.04.04 0 0 0-.007.022q0 .006.002.01l.005.01a.1.1 0 0 0 .017.015l.027.013.016.006.016.006.063.028.019.013a.1.1 0 0 1 .029.035l.008.023a.13.13 0 0 1-.008.077.1.1 0 0 1-.03.04.14.14 0 0 1-.05.027zm.307-.007h-.088V.645h.092q0 .115-.002.229a.3.3 0 0 1 .05-.038.2.2 0 0 1 .048-.017.2.2 0 0 1 .068.002.1.1 0 0 1 .057.038q.01.014.018.033A.314.314 0 0 1 5.08.98v.258h-.093V.99L4.985.96 4.98.936 4.97.92 4.96.907 4.943.9a.1.1 0 0 0-.037 0 .1.1 0 0 0-.03.011l-.016.01-.032.03v.288z" /> <path d="M1.844 1.377a.97.97 0 0 1-.878.563A.963.963 0 0 1 0 .974.964.964 0 0 1 .966.007a.96.96 0 0 1 .865.536l-.048.024A.92.92 0 0 0 .966.062a.91.91 0 0 0-.912.912.91.91 0 0 0 .912.912.91.91 0 0 0 .83-.532z" class="logo-circle" /> </svg> </h3> <div class="text-share"> <a href="https://x.com/SCIEPublish" class="share-btn twitter-btn" title="Share on Twitter" target="_blank"> <svg t="1713929395475" class="icon" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 1399 1024" fill="#000000" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="8742"> <path d="M282.021569 119.281213l323.998199 433.216256-326.044203 352.222995h73.379441l285.451142-308.376452 230.636674 308.376452h249.713149l-342.227762-457.583832 303.479459-327.855419h-73.379441l-262.886398 284.008876-212.407111-284.008876h-249.713149z m107.909957 54.051408h114.71879l506.578928 677.328049h-114.718791l-506.578927-677.328049z" p-id="8743"></path> </svg> </a> <a href="" class="share-btn LinkedIn-btn" id="email-LinkedIn-btn" title="Share on LinkedIn" target="_blank"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="#000000" class="bi bi-linkedin" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M0 1.146C0 .513.526 0 1.175 0h13.65C15.474 0 16 .513 16 1.146v13.708c0 .633-.526 1.146-1.175 1.146H1.175C.526 16 0 15.487 0 14.854V1.146zm4.943 12.248V6.169H2.542v7.225h2.401zm-1.2-8.212c.837 0 1.358-.554 1.358-1.248-.015-.709-.52-1.248-1.342-1.248-.822 0-1.359.54-1.359 1.248 0 .694.521 1.248 1.327 1.248h.016zm4.908 8.212V9.359c0-.216.016-.432.08-.586.173-.431.568-.878 1.232-.878.869 0 1.216.662 1.216 1.634v3.865h2.401V9.25c0-2.22-1.184-3.252-2.764-3.252-1.274 0-1.845.7-2.165 1.193v.025h-.016a5.54 5.54 0 0 1 .016-.025V6.169h-2.4c.03.678 0 7.225 0 7.225h2.4z"/> </svg> </a> <a href="javaScript:void(0)" class="share-btn wechat-btn" id="wechat-share-btn"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="26" height="26" fill="#000000" class="bi bi-wechat" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M11.176 14.429c-2.665 0-4.826-1.8-4.826-4.018 0-2.22 2.159-4.02 4.824-4.02S16 8.191 16 10.411c0 1.21-.65 2.301-1.666 3.036a.324.324 0 0 0-.12.366l.218.81a.616.616 0 0 1 .029.117.166.166 0 0 1-.162.162.177.177 0 0 1-.092-.03l-1.057-.61a.519.519 0 0 0-.256-.074.509.509 0 0 0-.142.021 5.668 5.668 0 0 1-1.576.22ZM9.064 9.542a.647.647 0 1 0 .557-1 .645.645 0 0 0-.646.647.615.615 0 0 0 .09.353Zm3.232.001a.646.646 0 1 0 .546-1 .645.645 0 0 0-.644.644.627.627 0 0 0 .098.356Z"/> <path d="M0 6.826c0 1.455.781 2.765 2.001 3.656a.385.385 0 0 1 .143.439l-.161.6-.1.373a.499.499 0 0 0-.032.14.192.192 0 0 0 .193.193c.039 0 .077-.01.111-.029l1.268-.733a.622.622 0 0 1 .308-.088c.058 0 .116.009.171.025a6.83 6.83 0 0 0 1.625.26 4.45 4.45 0 0 1-.177-1.251c0-2.936 2.785-5.02 5.824-5.02.05 0 .1 0 .15.002C10.587 3.429 8.392 2 5.796 2 2.596 2 0 4.16 0 6.826Zm4.632-1.555a.77.77 0 1 1-1.54 0 .77.77 0 0 1 1.54 0Zm3.875 0a.77.77 0 1 1-1.54 0 .77.77 0 0 1 1.54 0Z"/> </svg> <div class="cord"> <div class="img"> <img src="/style/image/wechat.jpg" alt="SCIEPublish wechat" /> </div> </div> </a> <a href="mailto:office@sciepublish.org" class="share-btn email-btn" id="email-share-btn" title="Share on Email" target="_blank"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="26" height="26" fill="#000000" class="bi bi-envelope-fill" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.05 3.555A2 2 0 0 1 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 1 1.95 1.555L8 8.414.05 3.555ZM0 4.697v7.104l5.803-3.558L0 4.697ZM6.761 8.83l-6.57 4.027A2 2 0 0 0 2 14h12a2 2 0 0 0 1.808-1.144l-6.57-4.027L8 9.586l-1.239-.757Zm3.436-.586L16 11.801V4.697l-5.803 3.546Z"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="copyright-box mt-4 mb-0 pt-3 pb-0"> <p class="text-left">© 2025 SCIE Publishing Ltd., except Open Access articles.</p> <p class="text-right"> <a href="/Privacy" title="Privacy">Privacy</a>  <a href="/Terms_of_Use" title="Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> </p> </div> </div> </footer>  <div class="back-top"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center flex-wrap"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-chevron-up" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.646 4.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708.708L8 5.707l-5.646 5.647a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708l6-6z"/> </svg> <span>TOP</span> </div> </div>  <div class="toast-container"> <div class="toast" id="liveToast" role="alert" data-delay="3000" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"> <div class="toast-header"> <strong class="mr-auto">Message</strong> <button type="button" class="ml-2 mb-1 close" data-dismiss="toast" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="toast-body"> </div> </div> </div> <script> $(function () { $('.js-navbar-toggle').on('click', function () { $('header nav').toggleClass('nav-search-active'); }); var windowHeight = $(window).height(), header = $('header'), backTop = $('.back-top'); $(window).scroll(function(){ var scrollTop = $(this).scrollTop(); scrollTop > 0 ? header.addClass('fixed') : header.removeClass('fixed'); scrollTop > windowHeight ? backTop.addClass('fixed') : backTop.removeClass('fixed'); }) backTop.click(function(){ $("body,html").animate({scrollTop:0},300); }) $(".article-abseract.clamp").each(function () { $(this).click(function () { $(this).toggleClass("clamp-open"); }); }); //初始化select $('select.select-mania').selectMania(); }) $('.logout').click(function () { $.get('/index/user/login_out', function (res) { if (res.err == 0) { window.location.href = res.data layer.msg('exit successfully!') } else { layer.msg('Exit failed!') } }) }) </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Home - SCIEPublish