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It is spoken to southern <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> and most of <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a>, an area sometimes referred to as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiangnan" class="extiw" title="w:Jiangnan">Jiangnan</a>. The historically wealthy Lower Yangtze Delta is home to the largest branch, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Northern Wu">Northern Wu</a>, and is also the lect area that is represented on Wiktionary. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Suzhou dialect">Suzhounese</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zh:%E8%98%87%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="extiw" title="w:zh:蘇州話">zh</a>) was the cultural capital of the area, though due to <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>'s relative economic status, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese" class="extiw" title="w:Shanghainese">Shanghainese</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zh:%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%A9%B1" class="extiw" title="w:zh:上海話">zh</a>) has, to some extent, eclipsed Suzhounese's prestige status. Characteristically Wu varieties have voiced (<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81#Chinese" title="濁">濁</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A#Chinese" title="浊">浊</a> (8zoq, “muddy”)) obstruents, and all except Oujiang varieties such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Wenzhou dialect">Wenzhounese</a> have final glottal stops derived from the final stops of Middle Chinese. Together, these features reduce the number of tones that are actually distinctive or phonemic. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Phonology_and_notation">1 Phonology and notation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Tone_notation">1.1 Tone notation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Orthography">1.2 Orthography</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Examples">2 Examples</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Resources">3 Resources</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also">3.1 See also</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Phonology_and_notation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Phonology_and_notation">Phonology and notation</h2></div> Although no official romanization system is endorsed by any government, on Wiktionary, both of these lects are notated in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wugniu.com/">Wugniu</a>, which is the most common standardised system used in online circles nowadays. Wugniu is also available in a wide variety of localities, and correspondences between different lects tend to have the same glyph (eg. Shanghainese /ɔ/ and Suzhounese /æ/ both being "au"). Slight modifications and extensions have been made regarding features not included in Wugniu officially, such as tone sandhi and erhua. The legacy Wiktionary romanization for Shanghainese and MiniDict romanizations are accessible in the expanded pronunciation infobox. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tone_notation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Tone_notation-Phonology_and_notation">Tone notation</h3></div> Left-prominent sandhi is notated with a dash in code (<code>-</code>) and a space in display, whereas right-prominent sandhi is a plus (<code>+</code>) in code but also a space in display. To separate two chains without RPS, an apersand (<code>&</code>) is used. The inputted tone left of the syllable is always the realized sandhi tone. This may not always correspond with the underlying tone, and one should consult <a href="/wiki/Module:wuu-pron/data" title="Module:wuu-pron/data">Module:wuu-pron/data</a> (for now) before adding entries. If the sandhi tone and underlying tone are the same, then the module would automatically put the first syllable's number in front of the syllable and all subsequent syllables' numbers behind their respective syllables. For instance: <dl><dd>Shanghainese: <code>1lau6 sy1</code> → 1lau6-sy1</dd></dl> Please also note that certain lects may have multiple types of directional sandhi or tone splits not accomodated for in the eight-numberal system. In those cases, a capital Latin letter is to be attatched behind the number to indicate the part of speech or tone category, eg. <code>3Atha</code> or <code>4Rbau</code>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orthography" data-mw-thread-id="h-Orthography-Phonology_and_notation">Orthography</h3></div> There is no unified orthography for Wu varieties that is widely adopted. On Wiktionary, in general, all terms are listed in both their etymological spelling and their phonetic spelling. There may be more than one phonetic page, but there is typically only one etymological page. The following is a reference list of common terms and Wiktionary-specific spellings. <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center"> <caption>Locatives </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Wugniu</th> <th>Etymological</th> <th>Phonetic </th></tr> <tr> <td>laq</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8#Chinese" title="在">在</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83#Chinese" title="垃">垃</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>la</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89#Chinese" title="拉">拉</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>leq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92#Chinese" title="勒">勒</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>le</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%86#Chinese" title="來">來</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>liq</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B#Chinese" title="立">立</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>li</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%A1#Chinese" title="裡">裡</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ke</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85#Chinese" title="居">居</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B2#Chinese" title="該">該</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%8B#Chinese" title="蓋">蓋</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ho</td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%B1#Chinese" title="許">許</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96#Chinese" title="化">化</a>?</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96#Chinese" title="化">化</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>he</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7#Chinese" title="海">海</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>hoq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D#Chinese" title="霍">霍</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>han</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AF#Chinese" title="夯">夯</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>hen</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8#Chinese" title="亨">亨</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>laon</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%84#Chinese" title="丄">丄</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AA#Chinese" title="浪">浪</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>gnian</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98#Chinese" title="娘">娘</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>lau</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BE#Chinese" title="咾">咾</a>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>lu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF#Chinese" title="路">路</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>taq</td> <td rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A1%8D%B2#Chinese" title="𡍲">𡍲</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%AD#Chinese" title="搭">搭</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>teq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%97#Chinese" title="得">得</a>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>toq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%A4#Chinese" title="篤">篤</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ta</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B6#Chinese" title="帶">帶</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>da</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%AD#Chinese" title="埭">埭</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>taon</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B6#Chinese" title="當">當</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ton</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1#Chinese" title="東">東</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>don</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C#Chinese" title="同">同</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>tiq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%84#Chinese" title="的">的</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>te</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A1%8D%B2#Chinese" title="𡍲">𡍲</a>?</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D#Chinese" title="對">對</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%86#Chinese" title="堆">堆</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>teq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%97#Chinese" title="得">得</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ti</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95#Chinese" title="底">底</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>khaq</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%B1#Chinese" title="許">許</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85#Chinese" title="居">居</a>?</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2#Chinese" title="客">客</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>kheq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B#Chinese" title="克">克</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(d)ze</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8#Chinese" title="在">在</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8#Chinese" title="在">在</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(d)zeq/tseq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%87#Chinese" title="則">則</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center"> <caption>Personal pronouns </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Wugniu</th> <th>Etymological</th> <th>Phonetic </th></tr> <tr> <td>ngu/vu/(w)u</td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91#Chinese" title="我">我</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91#Chinese" title="我">我</a> (-ou: <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4#Chinese" title="奴">奴</a>?) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ngoq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91#Chinese" title="我">我</a>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>ng</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%BE#Chinese" title="吾">吾</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%94#Chinese" title="唔">唔</a>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>nge</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>a(q)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF#Chinese" title="阿">阿</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>nga(q)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%F0%A0%8A%8E#Chinese" title="𠊎">𠊎</a>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>ghaq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%B9#Chinese" title="狹">狹</a>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>an</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BA#Chinese" title="俺">俺</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>n(g)</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%BE#Chinese" title="爾">爾</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%BE#Chinese" title="爾">爾</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>gni</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A0#Chinese" title="你">你</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ne</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%B7#Chinese" title="倷">倷</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>yi(q)</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A2#Chinese" title="佢">佢</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B7#Chinese" title="夷">夷</a>† </td></tr> <tr> <td>i(q)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A#Chinese" title="伊">伊</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ji</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B6#Chinese" title="其">其</a>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>g(e)i</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A0#Chinese" title="渠">渠</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>tha/tho</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%96#Chinese" title="他">他</a>?</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%96#Chinese" title="他">他</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>da/do</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%97#Chinese" title="佗">佗</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>zeq-</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AF#Chinese" title="是">是</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6#Chinese" title="實">實</a>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>ze- </td></tr> <tr> <td>zian-/yan-</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%8F#Chinese" title="像">像</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>don-</td> <td>?</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95#Chinese" title="動">動</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>weq-</td> <td>?</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB#Chinese" title="活">活</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>li</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A2#Chinese" title="佢">佢</a>?</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9A#Chinese" title="俚">俚</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-la</td> <td rowspan="2">?</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89#Chinese" title="拉">拉</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-le</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%88#Chinese" title="倈">倈</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>non</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%82#Chinese" title="儂">儂</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%82#Chinese" title="儂">儂</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-noq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE#Chinese" title="諾">諾</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>nou</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4#Chinese" title="奴">奴</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>na</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%BE%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="爾拉 (page does not exist)">爾拉</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%91%9A#Chinese" title="㑚">㑚</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-da</td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%AD#Chinese" title="搭">搭</a>?</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>-daq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94#Chinese" title="達">達</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-taq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%AD#Chinese" title="搭">搭</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-teq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%97#Chinese" title="得">得</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-toq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%A4#Chinese" title="篤">篤</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-men</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%91#Chinese" title="們">們</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-ten</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89#Chinese" title="等">等</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-pae</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD#Chinese" title="班">班</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-ko</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B#Chinese" title="個">個</a>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>-s(i)e(q)</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9B#Chinese" title="些">些</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center"> <caption>個 family </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition</th> <th>Wugniu</th> <th>Etymological</th> <th>Phonetic </th></tr> <tr> <td>～人</td> <td>ku</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B#Chinese" title="個">個</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">possessive</td> <td>keq</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AA#Chinese" title="个">个</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B#Chinese" title="個">個</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC#Chinese" title="格">格</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B#Chinese" title="個">個</a>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>geq</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B#Chinese" title="個">個</a>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>gheq </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">deixis</td> <td>keq</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%87#Chinese" title="箇">箇</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC#Chinese" title="格">格</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>geq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%BF#Chinese" title="搿">搿</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Examples" data-mw-thread-id="h-Examples">Examples</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF#Chinese" title="中華">中華</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E#Chinese" title="中华">中华</a>: <code>zh-pron|w=sh:1tson gho;sz:1tson gho2</code></li></ul> <div class="standard-box zhpron" style="overflow:auto; max-width:500px; font-size:100%"><div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Wu Chinese">Wu</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>): 1tson-gho / 1tson-gho2</li></ul> <div class="vsHide" style="clear:right;"> <hr/> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Wu Chinese">Wu</a> <ul><li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Shanghai dialect">Shanghai</a>) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>: 1tson-gho</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MiniDict</a>: tson平 gho</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wiktionary Romanisation</a> (Shanghai): 1tson-hho</li> <li>Sinological <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Shanghai dialect">Shanghai</a>): /t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/</li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a>) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>: 1tson-gho2</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MiniDict</a>: tson平 gho平</li> <li>Sinological <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a>): /t͡soŋ⁴⁴ ɦo/</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%89%8D#Chinese" title="天才">天才</a>: <code>zh-pron|w=sh:1thi ze;sz:1thie ze2</code></li> <div class="standard-box zhpron" style="overflow:auto; max-width:500px; font-size:100%"><div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Wu Chinese">Wu</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>): 1thi-ze / 1thie-ze2</li></ul> <div class="vsHide" style="clear:right;"> <hr/> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Wu Chinese">Wu</a> <ul><li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Shanghai dialect">Shanghai</a>) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>: 1thi-ze</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MiniDict</a>: thi平 ze</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wiktionary Romanisation</a> (Shanghai): 1thi-ze</li> <li>Sinological <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Shanghai dialect">Shanghai</a>): /tʰi⁵⁵ ze²¹/</li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a>) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>: 1thie-ze2</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MiniDict</a>: thie平 ze平</li> <li>Sinological <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a>): /tʰɪ⁴⁴ ze/</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E8%91%AC%E5%A0%B4#Chinese" title="火葬場">火葬場</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E8%91%AC%E5%9C%BA#Chinese" title="火葬场">火葬场</a>: <code>zh-pron|w=sh:5hu tsaon zan;sz:3hou tsaon5 zan2</code></li> <div class="standard-box zhpron" style="overflow:auto; max-width:500px; font-size:100%"><div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Wu Chinese">Wu</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>): 5hu-tsaon-zan / 3hou-tsaon5-zan2</li></ul> <div class="vsHide" style="clear:right;"> <hr/> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Wu Chinese">Wu</a> <ul><li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Shanghai dialect">Shanghai</a>) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>: 5hu-tsaon-zan</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MiniDict</a>: hu去 tsaon zan</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wiktionary Romanisation</a> (Shanghai): 2hu-tsaan-zan</li> <li>Sinological <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Shanghai dialect">Shanghai</a>): /hu³³ t͡sɑ̃⁵⁵ zã²¹/</li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a>) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>: 3hou-tsaon5-zan2</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MiniDict</a>: hou上 tsaon去 zan平</li> <li>Sinological <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a>): /həu⁵² t͡sɑ̃¹¹ zã/</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96#Chinese" title="電視">電視</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86#Chinese" title="电视">电视</a>: <code>zh-pron|w=sh:6di zy;sz:6die zyu6</code></li> <div class="standard-box zhpron" style="overflow:auto; max-width:500px; font-size:100%"><div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Wu Chinese">Wu</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>): 6di-zy / 6die-zyu6</li></ul> <div class="vsHide" style="clear:right;"> <hr/> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Wu Chinese">Wu</a> <ul><li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Shanghai dialect">Shanghai</a>) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>: 6di-zy</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MiniDict</a>: di去 zy</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wiktionary Romanisation</a> (Shanghai): 3di-zr</li> <li>Sinological <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Shanghai dialect">Shanghai</a>): /di²² zz̩⁴⁴/</li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a>) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>: 6die-zyu6</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MiniDict</a>: die去 zyu去</li> <li>Sinological <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a>): /dɪ²³ zz̩ʷ¹¹/</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B#Chinese" title="韓國">韓國</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD#Chinese" title="韩国">韩国</a>: <code>zh-pron|w=sh:6ghoe koq;sz:2ghoe koq7</code></li> <div class="standard-box zhpron" style="overflow:auto; max-width:500px; font-size:100%"><div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Wu Chinese">Wu</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>): 6ghoe-koq / 2ghoe-koq7</li></ul> <div class="vsHide" style="clear:right;"> <hr/> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Wu Chinese">Wu</a> <ul><li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Shanghai dialect">Shanghai</a>) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>: 6ghoe-koq</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MiniDict</a>: ghoe去 koh</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wiktionary Romanisation</a> (Shanghai): 3hhoe-koq</li> <li>Sinological <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Shanghai dialect">Shanghai</a>): /ɦø²² koʔ⁴⁴/</li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a>) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>: 2ghoe-koq7</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MiniDict</a>: ghoe平 koh入</li> <li>Sinological <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a>): /ɦø²² koʔ³³/</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B#Chinese" title="法律">法律</a>: <code>zh-pron|w=sh:7faq liq;sz:7faq liq8</code></li> <div class="standard-box zhpron" style="overflow:auto; max-width:500px; font-size:100%"><div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Wu Chinese">Wu</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>): 7faq-liq / 7faq-liq8</li></ul> <div class="vsHide" style="clear:right;"> <hr/> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Wu Chinese">Wu</a> <ul><li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Shanghai dialect">Shanghai</a>) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>: 7faq-liq</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MiniDict</a>: fah入 lih</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wiktionary Romanisation</a> (Shanghai): 4faq-liq</li> <li>Sinological <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Shanghai dialect">Shanghai</a>): /faʔ³³ liɪʔ⁴⁴/</li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a>) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>: 7faq-liq8</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MiniDict</a>: fah入 lih入</li> <li>Sinological <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a>): /fɑʔ⁴⁴ liɪʔ⁴⁴/</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC#Chinese" title="日本">日本</a>: <code>zh-pron|w=sh:8zeq pen;sz:8zeq pen3</code></li> <div class="standard-box zhpron" style="overflow:auto; max-width:500px; font-size:100%"><div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Wu Chinese">Wu</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>): 8zeq-pen / 8zeq-pen3</li></ul> <div class="vsHide" style="clear:right;"> <hr/> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Wu Chinese">Wu</a> <ul><li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Shanghai dialect">Shanghai</a>) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>: 8zeq-pen</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MiniDict</a>: zeh入 pen</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wiktionary Romanisation</a> (Shanghai): 5zeq-pen</li> <li>Sinological <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Shanghai dialect">Shanghai</a>): /zəʔ¹¹ pən²³/</li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihu_Wu" class="extiw" title="w:Taihu Wu">Northern</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a>) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wugniu</a>: 8zeq-pen3</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MiniDict</a>: zeh入 pen上</li> <li>Sinological <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a>): /zəʔ²² pən⁵¹/</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Resources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Resources">Resources</h2></div> <ul><li>For checking the pronunciation of words, use The Comprehensive Dictionary of Shanghainese (《上海话大词典》), which uses IPA notations throughout the book. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wugniu.com/">Wugniu</a> also has a Shanghainese dictionary listed under 松江 Songjiang. However, note that Wugniu's dictionary spills into lect areas outside of Puxi</li> <li>For checking the pronunciation of characters, use <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wugniu.com/">Wugniu</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wu-chinese.com/minidict/">Wu Chinese MiniDict</a> <dl><dd>Note that MiniDict uses a different romanisation system than the one implemented here. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wu-chinese.com/romanization/index.html">Their romanisation scheme</a> is as listed on their website</dd></dl></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also-Resources">See also</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wu_language" title="Category:Wu language">Category:Wu language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Northern_Wu" title="Category:Northern Wu">Category:Northern Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shanghainese_Wu" title="Category:Shanghainese Wu">Category:Shanghainese Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Suzhounese_Wu" title="Category:Suzhounese Wu">Category:Suzhounese Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:About_Chinese/Wenzhounese" title="Wiktionary:About Chinese/Wenzhounese">Wiktionary:About Chinese/Wenzhounese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:About_Wu/Northern_Wu" title="Wiktionary:About Wu/Northern Wu">Wiktionary:About Wu/Northern Wu</a></li></ul> If unsure, hassle <a href="/wiki/User:ND381" title="User:ND381">User:ND381</a> or <a href="/wiki/User:Musetta6729" title="User:Musetta6729">User:Musetta6729</a>.    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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