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</button> <ul id="toc-XQuery_and_XSLT_compared-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scope" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scope"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Scope</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scope-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strengths_and_weaknesses" class="vector-toc-list-item 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id="toc-Implementations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Implementations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implementations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%83%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="إكس كويري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إكس كويري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اکس‌کوئری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکس‌کوئری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Query" title="XML Query – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="XML Query" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="XQuery" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">XQuery</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Paradigm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Declarative_programming" title="Declarative programming">declarative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Functional_programming" title="Functional programming">functional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modular_programming" title="Modular programming">modular</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Designed by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First appeared</th><td class="infobox-data">2007</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-31/">3.1</a> / March 21, 2017<span class="noprint">; 8 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2017-03-21</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_system" title="Type system">Typing discipline</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_typing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic typing">dynamic</a> or static,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Strong_typing" class="mw-redirect" title="Strong typing">strong</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">OS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extensions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">.xq, .xql, .xqm, .xqy, .xquery</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/XML/Query/">www<wbr />.w3<wbr />.org<wbr />/XML<wbr />/Query<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Major <a href="/wiki/Programming_language_implementation" title="Programming language implementation">implementations</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/XML/Query#implementations">Many</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Influenced by</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a>, <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a>, <a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below hlist" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 3px;"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XQuery" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:XQuery">XQuery</a> at Wikibooks</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>XQuery</b> (<b>XML Query</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Query_language" title="Query language">query</a> and <a href="/wiki/Functional_programming" title="Functional programming">functional programming</a> language that queries and transforms collections of structured and <a href="/wiki/Unstructured_data" title="Unstructured data">unstructured data</a>, usually in the form of <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, text and with vendor-specific extensions for other data formats (<a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a>, <a href="/wiki/Binary_data" title="Binary data">binary</a>, etc.). The language is developed by the XML Query <a href="/wiki/Working_group" title="Working group">working group</a> of the <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>. The work is closely coordinated with the development of <a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a> by the XSL Working Group; the two groups share responsibility for <a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a>, which is a subset of XQuery. </p><p><b>XQuery 1.0</b> became a <a href="/wiki/W3C_Recommendation" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C Recommendation">W3C Recommendation</a> on January 23, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>XQuery 3.0</b> became a W3C Recommendation on April 8, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>XQuery 3.1</b> became a W3C Recommendation on March 21, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"The mission of the XML Query project is to provide flexible query facilities to extract data from real and virtual documents on the World Wide Web, therefore finally providing the needed interaction between the Web world and the database world. Ultimately, collections of XML files will be accessed like databases."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XQuery is a functional, <a href="/wiki/Side_effect_(computer_science)" title="Side effect (computer science)">side effect-free</a>, expression-oriented programming language with a simple <a href="/wiki/Type_system" title="Type system">type system</a>, summed up by Kilpeläinen:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>All XQuery expressions operate on sequences, and evaluate to sequences. <i>Sequences</i> are ordered lists of items. <i>Items</i> can be either <i>nodes</i>, which represent components of XML documents, or <i>atomic values</i>, which are instances of XML Schema base types like <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">xs:integer</span> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">xs:string</span>. Sequences can also be empty, or consist of a single item only. No distinction is made between a single item and a singleton sequence. (...) XQuery/XPath sequences differ from lists in languages like <a href="/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">Prolog</a> by excluding nested sequences. Designers of XQuery may have considered nested sequences unnecessary for the manipulation of document contents. Nesting, or hierarchy of document structures is instead represented by nodes and their child-parent relationships</p></blockquote> <p>XQuery provides the means to extract and manipulate data from XML documents or any data source that can be viewed as XML, such as <a href="/wiki/Relational_database" title="Relational database">relational databases</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or office documents. </p><p>XQuery contains a superset of <a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> expression syntax to address specific parts of an XML document. It supplements this with a <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a>-like "<a href="/wiki/FLWOR" title="FLWOR">FLWOR</a> expression" for performing joins. A FLWOR expression is constructed from the five clauses after which it is named: FOR, LET, WHERE, ORDER BY, RETURN. </p><p>The language also provides syntax allowing new XML documents to be constructed. Where the element and attribute names are known in advance, an XML-like syntax can be used; in other cases, expressions referred to as dynamic node constructors are available. All these constructs are defined as expressions within the language, and can be arbitrarily nested. </p><p>The language is based on the <a href="/wiki/XQuery_and_XPath_Data_Model" title="XQuery and XPath Data Model">XQuery and XPath Data Model</a> (XDM) which uses a tree-structured model of the information content of an XML document, containing seven kinds of nodes: document nodes, elements, attributes, text nodes, comments, processing instructions, and namespaces. </p><p>XDM also models all values as sequences (a singleton value is considered to be a sequence of length one). The items in a sequence can either be XML nodes or atomic values. Atomic values may be integers, strings, Booleans, and so on: the full list of types is based on the primitive types defined in <a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">XML Schema</a>. </p><p>Features for updating XML documents or databases, and <a href="/wiki/Full_text_search" class="mw-redirect" title="Full text search">full text search</a> capability, are not part of the core language, but are defined in add-on extension standards: XQuery Update Facility 1.0 supports update feature and XQuery and XPath Full Text 1.0 supports full text search in XML documents. </p><p>XQuery 3.0 adds support for full functional programming, in that functions are values that can be manipulated (stored in variables, passed to higher-order functions, and dynamically called). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sample XQuery code below lists the unique speakers in each act of Shakespeare's play Hamlet, encoded in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/xml/examples/shakespeare/hamlet.xml">hamlet.xml</a> </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xquery mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><html><body></span> <span class="l"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$</span><span class="n">act</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">doc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"hamlet.xml"</span><span class="p">)//</span><span class="nt">ACT</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$</span><span class="n">speakers</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">distinct-values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$</span><span class="n">act</span><span class="p">//</span><span class="nt">SPEAKER</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><div></span> <span class="l"> </span><span class="nt"><h1></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$</span><span class="n">act</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="nt">TITLE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="nt"></h1></span> <span class="l"> </span><span class="nt"><ul></span> <span class="l"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$</span><span class="n">speaker</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$</span><span class="n">speakers</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><li></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$</span><span class="n">speaker</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="nt"></li></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="l"> </span><span class="nt"></ul></span> <span class="l"> </span><span class="nt"></div></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="l"> </span><span class="nt"></body></html></span> </pre></div> <p>All XQuery constructs for performing computations are <a href="/wiki/Expression_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Expression (programming)">expressions</a>. There are no <a href="/wiki/Statement_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Statement (programming)">statements</a>, even though some of the keywords appear to suggest statement-like behaviors. To execute a function, the expression within the body is evaluated and its value is returned. Thus to write a function to double an input value, one simply writes: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xquery mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">declare</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">local:doubler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <p>To write a full query saying 'Hello World', one writes the expression: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xquery mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Hello World"</span> </pre></div> <p>This style is common in <a href="/wiki/Functional_programming" title="Functional programming">functional programming languages</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/XQuery" title="Special:EditPage/XQuery">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Below are a few examples of how XQuery can be used: </p> <ol><li>Extracting information from a database for use in a web service.</li> <li>Generating summary reports on data stored in an XML database.</li> <li>Searching textual documents on the Web for relevant information and compiling the results.</li> <li>Selecting and transforming XML data to XHTML to be published on the Web.</li> <li>Pulling data from databases to be used for the application integration.</li> <li>Splitting up an XML document that represents multiple transactions into multiple XML documents.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="XQuery_and_XSLT_compared">XQuery and XSLT compared</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: XQuery and XSLT compared"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/XQuery" title="Special:EditPage/XQuery">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scope">Scope</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Scope"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although XQuery was initially conceived as a query language for large collections of XML documents, it is also capable of transforming individual documents. As such, its capabilities overlap with <a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a>, which was designed expressly to allow input XML documents to be transformed into HTML or other formats. </p><p>The XSLT 2.0 and XQuery standards were developed by separate working groups within <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>, working together to ensure a common approach where appropriate. They share the same data model (<a href="/wiki/XQuery_and_XPath_Data_Model" title="XQuery and XPath Data Model">XDM</a>), type system, and function library, and both include <a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> 2.0 as a sublanguage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin">Origin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two languages, however, are rooted in different traditions and serve the needs of different communities. XSLT was primarily conceived as a stylesheet language whose primary goal was to render XML for the human reader on screen, on <a href="/wiki/The_web" class="mw-redirect" title="The web">the web</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Web_template" class="mw-redirect" title="Web template">web template language</a>), or on paper. XQuery was primarily conceived as a <a href="/wiki/Database_query_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Database query language">database query language</a> in the tradition of <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a>. </p><p>Because the two languages originate in different communities, XSLT is stronger<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (May 2015)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> in its handling of narrative documents with more flexible structure, while XQuery is stronger in its data handling (for example, when performing relational joins). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Versions">Versions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XSLT 1.0 appeared as a Recommendation in 1999, whereas XQuery 1.0 only became a Recommendation in early 2007; as a result, XSLT is still much more widely used. Both languages have similar expressive power, though XSLT 2.0 has many features that are missing from XQuery 1.0, such as grouping, number and date formatting, and greater control over XML namespaces.<sup id="cite_ref-Kay_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kay-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eisenberg_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eisenberg-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these features were planned for XQuery 3.0.<sup id="cite_ref-XQuery11_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XQuery11-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Any comparison must take into account the version of XSLT. XSLT 1.0 and XSLT 2.0 are very different languages. XSLT 2.0, in particular, has been heavily influenced by XQuery in its move to strong typing and schema-awareness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strengths_and_weaknesses">Strengths and weaknesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Strengths and weaknesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Usability studies have shown that XQuery is easier to learn than <a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a>, especially for users with previous experience of database languages such as SQL.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be attributed to the fact that XQuery is a smaller language with fewer concepts to learn, and to the fact that programs are more concise. It is also true that XQuery is more orthogonal, in that any expression can be used in any syntactic context. By contrast, XSLT is a two-language system in which XPath expressions can be nested in XSLT instructions but not vice versa. </p><p>XSLT is currently stronger than XQuery for applications that involve making small changes to a document (for example, deleting all the NOTE elements). Such applications are generally handled in XSLT by use of a coding pattern that involves an identity template that copies all nodes unchanged, modified by specific templates that modify selected nodes. XQuery has no equivalent to this coding pattern, though in future versions it will be possible to tackle such problems using the update facilities in the language that are under development.<sup id="cite_ref-XQueryUpdate_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XQueryUpdate-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>XQuery 1.0 lacked any kind of mechanism for dynamic binding or polymorphism; this has been remedied with the introduction of functions as first-class values in XQuery 3.0. The absence of this capability starts to become noticeable when writing large applications, or when writing code that is designed to be reusable in different environments.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> XSLT offers two complementary mechanisms in this area: the dynamic matching of template rules, and the ability to override rules using <code>xsl:import</code>, that make it possible to write applications with multiple customization layers. </p><p>The absence of these facilities from XQuery 1.0 was a deliberate design decision: it has the consequence that XQuery is very amenable to static analysis, which is essential to achieve the level of optimization needed in database query languages. This also makes it easier to detect errors in XQuery code at compile time. </p><p>The fact that XSLT 2.0 uses <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> syntax makes it rather verbose in comparison to XQuery 1.0. However, many large applications take advantage of this capability by using XSLT to read, write, or modify stylesheets dynamically as part of a processing pipeline. The use of XML syntax also enables the use of XML-based tools for managing XSLT code. By contrast, XQuery syntax is more suitable for embedding in traditional programming languages such as <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> (see <a href="/wiki/XQuery_API_for_Java" title="XQuery API for Java">XQuery API for Java</a>) or <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>. If necessary, XQuery code can also be expressed in an XML syntax called XQueryX. The XQueryX representation of XQuery code is rather verbose and not convenient for humans, but can easily be processed with XML tools, for example transformed with XSLT stylesheets.<sup id="cite_ref-XQueryX_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XQueryX-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extensions_and_future_work">Extensions and future work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Extensions and future work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="W3C_extensions">W3C extensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: W3C extensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two major extensions to the XQuery were developed by the W3C: </p> <ul><li>XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Full-Text<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XQuery_Update_Facility" title="XQuery Update Facility">XQuery Update Facility</a></li></ul> <p>Both reached Recommendation status as extensions to XQuery 1.0, but work on taking them forward to work with XQuery 3.0 was abandoned for lack of resources. </p><p>Work on XQuery 3.0 was published as a Recommendation on 8 April 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and XQuery 3.1 is a Recommendation as at February 2017. </p><p>A scripting (procedural) extension for XQuery was designed, but never completed.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The EXPath Community Group<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> develops extensions to XQuery and other related standards (<a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a>, <a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a>, <a href="/wiki/XProc" title="XProc">XProc</a>, and <a href="/wiki/XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a>). The following extensions are currently available: </p> <ul><li>Packaging System<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>File Module<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Binary Module<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Web Applications<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third-party_extensions">Third-party extensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Third-party extensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/JSONiq" title="JSONiq">JSONiq</a> is an extension of XQuery that adds support to extract and transform data from <a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> documents. JSONiq is a superset of XQuery 3.0. It is published under the <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0</a> license. </p><p>XQuery 3.1 de facto deprecates JSONiq as it has added full support for JSON. </p><p>The EXQuery<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> project develops standards around creating portable XQuery applications. The following standards are currently available: </p> <ul><li>RESTXQ<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Querying XML: XQuery, XPath, and SQL/XML in context. Jim Melton and Stephen Buxton. Morgan Kaufmann, 2006. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55860-711-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-55860-711-0">1-55860-711-0</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalmsley2007" class="citation book cs1">Walmsley, Priscilla (2007). <i>XQuery, 1st Edition</i>. O'Reilly Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-596-00634-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-596-00634-1"><bdi>978-0-596-00634-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=XQuery%2C+1st+Edition&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-596-00634-1&rft.aulast=Walmsley&rft.aufirst=Priscilla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalmsley2015" class="citation book cs1">Walmsley, Priscilla (2015). <i>XQuery, 2nd Edition</i>. O'Reilly Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4919-1510-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4919-1510-3"><bdi>978-1-4919-1510-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=XQuery%2C+2nd+Edition&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4919-1510-3&rft.aulast=Walmsley&rft.aufirst=Priscilla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>XQuery: The XML Query Language. Michael Brundage. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-16581-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-16581-0">0-321-16581-0</a>.</li> <li>XQuery from the Experts: A Guide to the W3C XML Query Language. Howard Katz (ed). Addison-Wesley, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-18060-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-18060-7">0-321-18060-7</a>.</li> <li>An Introduction to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stylusstudio.com/xquery_flwor.html">XQuery FLWOR</a> Expression. Dr. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard_Kay" title="Michael Howard Kay">Michael Kay</a> (W3C XQuery Committee), 2005.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Overview of popular XQuery implementations </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">License </th> <th scope="col">Language </th> <th scope="col">XQuery 3.1 </th> <th scope="col">XQuery 3.0 </th> <th scope="col">XQuery 1.0 </th> <th scope="col">XQuery Update 1.0 </th> <th scope="col">XQuery Full Text 1.0 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/BaseX" title="BaseX">BaseX</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/BSD_license" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD license">BSD license</a> </td> <td>Java </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/EXist" title="EXist">eXist</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/LGPL" class="mw-redirect" title="LGPL">LGPL</a> </td> <td>Java </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial</td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/MarkLogic" title="MarkLogic">MarkLogic</a> </th> <td>Proprietary </td> <td>C++ </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Saxon_XSLT" title="Saxon XSLT">Saxon</a> HE </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Public_License" title="Mozilla Public License">Mozilla Public License</a> </td> <td>Java </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial</td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Saxon_XSLT" title="Saxon XSLT">Saxon</a> EE </th> <td>Proprietary </td> <td>Java </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xidel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xidel (page does not exist)">Xidel</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/GPLv3%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="GPLv3+">GPLv3+</a> </td> <td>FreePascal </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Zorba_(XQuery_processor)" title="Zorba (XQuery processor)">Zorba</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache License</a> </td> <td>C++ </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:XQuery_processors" title="Category:XQuery processors">Category:XQuery processors</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XQuery_API_for_Java" title="XQuery API for Java">XQuery API for Java</a> (XQJ) <a href="/wiki/Java_Specification_Request" class="mw-redirect" title="Java Specification Request">Java Specification Request</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-31/">"XQuery 3.1 Recommendation"</a>. 2017-03-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XQuery+3.1+Recommendation&rft.date=2017-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fxquery-31%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-31/#id-static-typing-feature">"XQuery 3.1: An XML Query Language"</a>. 2017-03-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XQuery+3.1%3A+An+XML+Query+Language&rft.date=2017-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fxquery-31%2F%23id-static-typing-feature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190938.aspx">"XQuery and Static Typing"</a>. 3 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XQuery+and+Static+Typing&rft.date=2023-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechnet.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fms190938.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dblab.ntua.gr/~bikakis/XML%20and%20Semantic%20Web%20W3C%20Standards%20Timeline-History.pdf">"XML and Semantic Web W3C Standards Timeline"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2012-02-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XML+and+Semantic+Web+W3C+Standards+Timeline&rft.date=2012-02-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dblab.ntua.gr%2F~bikakis%2FXML%2520and%2520Semantic%2520Web%2520W3C%2520Standards%2520Timeline-History.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-30/">"XQuery 3.0 Recommendation"</a>. 2014-04-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XQuery+3.0+Recommendation&rft.date=2014-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fxquery-30%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-31/">"XQuery 3.1 Recommendation"</a>. 2017-03-21.</cite><span 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class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKilpeläinen2012" class="citation journal cs1">Kilpeläinen, Pekka (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.uef.fi/~kilpelai/RDK11/refs/xqueryProblems.pdf">"Using XQuery for problem solving"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Software: Practice and Experience</i>. <b>42</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">1433–</span>1465. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fspe.1140">10.1002/spe.1140</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15561027">15561027</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Software%3A+Practice+and+Experience&rft.atitle=Using+XQuery+for+problem+solving&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1433-%3C%2Fspan%3E1465&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fspe.1140&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15561027%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kilpel%C3%A4inen&rft.aufirst=Pekka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.uef.fi%2F~kilpelai%2FRDK11%2Frefs%2FxqueryProblems.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSEPGG_10.5.0/com.ibm.db2.luw.xml.doc/doc/c0023907.html?lang=en">"Data retrieval with XQuery"</a>. Retrieved on 18 January 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kay-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kay_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKay2005" class="citation web cs1">Kay, Michael (May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mscs.mu.edu/~praveen/Teaching/fa05/AdvDb/PaperTeams/XSLT2XQTeam/Comparing%20XSLT%20and%20XQuery.htm">"Comparing XSLT and XQuery"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comparing+XSLT+and+XQuery&rft.date=2005-05&rft.aulast=Kay&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mscs.mu.edu%2F~praveen%2FTeaching%2Ffa05%2FAdvDb%2FPaperTeams%2FXSLT2XQTeam%2FComparing%2520XSLT%2520and%2520XQuery.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eisenberg-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eisenberg_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEisenberg2005" class="citation web cs1">Eisenberg, J. David (2005-03-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2005/03/09/xquery-v-xslt.html">"Comparing XSLT and XQuery"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comparing+XSLT+and+XQuery&rft.date=2005-03-09&rft.aulast=Eisenberg&rft.aufirst=J.+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xml.com%2Fpub%2Fa%2F2005%2F03%2F09%2Fxquery-v-xslt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smith_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith2001" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Michael (2001-02-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xmlhack.com/read.php?item=1080">"XQuery, XSLT "overlap" debated"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XQuery%2C+XSLT+%22overlap%22+debated&rft.date=2001-02-23&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xmlhack.com%2Fread.php%3Fitem%3D1080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-XQuery11-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-XQuery11_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-30-requirements/">"XQuery 3.0 requirements"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XQuery+3.0+requirements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fxquery-30-requirements%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Usability of XML Query Languages. Joris Graaumans. SIKS Dissertation Series No 2005-16, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-393-4065-X" title="Special:BookSources/90-393-4065-X">90-393-4065-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-XQueryUpdate-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-XQueryUpdate_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xqupdate/">"XQuery Update Facility"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XQuery+Update+Facility&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fxqupdate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-XQueryX-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-XQueryX_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xqueryx/">"XML Syntax for XQuery (XQueryX)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XML+Syntax+for+XQuery+%28XQueryX%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fxqueryx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Kay" class="citation web cs1">Michael Kay. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saxonica.blogharbor.com/blog/_archives/2007/1/20/2665644.html">"Saxon diaries: How not to fold constants"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saxon+diaries%3A+How+not+to+fold+constants&rft.au=Michael+Kay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaxonica.blogharbor.com%2Fblog%2F_archives%2F2007%2F1%2F20%2F2665644.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-full-text/">XQuery and XPath Full Text 1.0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-30/">XML Query (XQuery) 3.0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-sx-10-requirements/">XQuery Scripting Extension 1.0 Requirements</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/PR-xquery-31-20170117/">XQuery 1.0 Scripting Extension</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/community/expath/">EXPath Community Group</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expath.org/spec/pkg/20120509">Packaging System</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expath.org/spec/file/20120614">File Module</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expath.org/spec/binary/20130312">Binary Module</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expath.org/spec/webapp/20130401">Web Applications</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exquery.org/">"Standard for portable XQuery applications"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+for+portable+XQuery+applications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exquery.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exquery.github.io/exquery/exquery-restxq-specification/restxq-1.0-specification.html">"RESTXQ 1.0: RESTful Annotations for XQuery"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RESTXQ+1.0%3A+RESTful+Annotations+for+XQuery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexquery.github.io%2Fexquery%2Fexquery-restxq-specification%2Frestxq-1.0-specification.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXQuery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><i>Portions borrowed with permission from the books "XML Hacks" (<a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly Media</a>) and "XQuery" (<a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly Media</a>).</i></li> <li><i>Previous version based on an article at the <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Query" class="extiw" title="fr:XML Query">French language Wikipedia</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XQuery" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:XQuery">XQuery</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/XML/Query">W3C XML Query (XQuery)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style 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title="Emotion Markup Language">EmotionML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Geolocation_API" title="W3C Geolocation API">Geolocation API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalization_Tag_Set" title="Internationalization Tag Set">ITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linked_Data_Notifications" title="Linked Data Notifications">Linked Data Notifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MathML" title="MathML">MathML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropub_(protocol)" title="Micropub (protocol)">Micropub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_Lexicon_Specification" title="Pronunciation Lexicon Specification">PLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RDF_Schema" title="RDF Schema">Schema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDFa" title="RDFa">RDFa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Interpretation_for_Speech_Recognition" title="Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition">SISR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Knowledge_Organization_System" title="Simple Knowledge Organization System">SKOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_Multimedia_Integration_Language" title="Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language">SMIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP">SOAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Recognition_Grammar_Specification" title="Speech Recognition Grammar Specification">SRGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subresource_Integrity" title="Subresource Integrity">SRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Synthesis_Markup_Language" title="Speech Synthesis Markup Language">SSML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SVG_filter_effects" title="SVG filter effects">Filter Effects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCXML" title="SCXML">SCXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHACL" title="SHACL">SHACL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARQL" title="SPARQL">SPARQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timed_text" title="Timed text">Timed text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoiceXML" title="VoiceXML">VoiceXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Things" title="Web of Things">WoT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thing_Description" title="Thing Description">TD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Services_Description_Language" title="Web Services Description Language">WSDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webmention" title="Webmention">Webmention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSub" title="WebSub">WebSub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebVTT" title="WebVTT">WebVTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Open_Font_Format" title="Web Open Font Format">WOFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BRDFa" title="XHTML+RDFa">+RDFa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XML_Base" title="XML Base">Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Encryption" title="XML Encryption">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Events" title="XML Events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Information_Set" title="XML Information Set">Information Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_namespace" title="XML namespace">Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">Schema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Signature" title="XML Signature">Signature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XInclude" title="XInclude">XInclude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLink" title="XLink">XLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML-binary_Optimized_Packaging" title="XML-binary Optimized Packaging">XOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XPath_2.0" title="XPath 2.0">2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath_3" title="XPath 3">3.x</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPointer" title="XPointer">XPointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XProc" title="XProc">XProc</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">XQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL" title="XSL">XSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL_Formatting_Objects" title="XSL Formatting Objects">XSL-FO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XSLT_elements" title="XSLT elements">elements</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IndieAuth" title="IndieAuth">IndieAuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAdES" title="XAdES">XAdES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBL" title="XBL">XBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BSMIL" title="XHTML+SMIL">XHTML+SMIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_User_Interface_Protocol" title="Extensible User Interface Protocol">XUP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium#Working_draft_(WD)" title="World Wide Web Consortium">Working drafts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_Control_eXtensible_Markup_Language" title="Call Control eXtensible Markup Language">CCXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CURIE" title="CURIE">CURIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">EME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InkML" title="InkML">InkML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">MSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_Interchange_Format" title="Rule Interchange Format">RIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMIL_Timesheets" title="SMIL Timesheets">SMIL Timesheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SXBL" title="SXBL">sXBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Forms_Description_Language" title="Extensible Forms Description Language">XFDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFrames" title="XFrames">XFrames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">Markup Validation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Accessibility_Initiative" title="Web Accessibility Initiative">Web Accessibility Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Components" title="Web Components">Web Components</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deprecated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-HTML" class="mw-redirect" title="C-HTML">C-HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_Device_Markup_Language" title="Handheld Device Markup Language">HDML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_Style_Sheets" title="JavaScript Style Sheets">JSSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language">PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language">VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebPlatform.org" title="WebPlatform.org">WebPlatform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsoleted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P3P" title="P3P">P3P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BMathML%2BSVG" title="XHTML+MathML+SVG">XHTML+MathML+SVG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li> <li>Defunct: <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Foundation" title="World Wide Web Foundation">World Wide Web Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W3C_Advisory_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W3C Advisory Board (page does not exist)">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W3C_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W3C Board (page does not exist)">Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Architecture_Group" title="Technical Architecture Group">TAG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Working groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Working_Group" title="CSS Working Group">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVG_Working_Group" title="SVG Working Group">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Authentication_Working_Group" title="Web Authentication Working Group">WebAuthn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community & business groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Improving_Web_Advertising_Business_Group" title="Improving Web Advertising Business Group">Web Advertising BG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a> CG</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Device_Description_Working_Group" title="W3C Device Description Working Group">Device Description</a> (DDWG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_Working_Group" title="HTML Working Group">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_MMI" title="W3C MMI">Multimodal Interaction Activity</a> (MMI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CERN_httpd" title="CERN httpd">CERN httpd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libwww" title="Libwww">Libwww</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Browsers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1990–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1993–98)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agora_(web_browser)" title="Agora (web browser)">Agora</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1994–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(web_browser)" title="Argo (web browser)">Argo</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1994–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaya_(web_editor)" title="Amaya (web editor)">Amaya</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(browser/editor, 1996–2012)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Wide_Web_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="International World Wide Web Conference">International World Wide Web Conference</a> (IW3C) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Wide_Web_Conferences_Steering_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee">Steering Committee</a> (IW3C2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_International_Conference_on_the_World-Wide_Web" title="First International Conference on the World-Wide Web">First conference</a> ("WWW1", 1994)</li></ul></li></ul> 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title="Data Analysis Expressions">DAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Mining_Extensions" title="Data Mining Extensions">DMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datalog" title="Datalog">Datalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GraphQL" title="GraphQL">GraphQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">Graph Query Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gremlin_(query_language)" title="Gremlin (query language)">Gremlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISBL" title="ISBL">ISBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol" title="Lightweight Directory Access Protocol">LDAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Integrated_Query" title="Language Integrated Query">LINQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_Query_Language" title="Molecular Query Language">MQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MultiDimensional_eXpressions" title="MultiDimensional eXpressions">MDX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Query_Language" title="Object Query Language">OQL</a></li> <li><a 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