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groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Santee_(Isáŋyathi_or_Eastern_Dakota)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Santee_(Isáŋyathi_or_Eastern_Dakota)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Santee (Isáŋyathi or Eastern Dakota)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Santee_(Isáŋyathi_or_Eastern_Dakota)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna_(Yankton-Yanktonai_or_Western_Dakota)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna_(Yankton-Yanktonai_or_Western_Dakota)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna (Yankton-Yanktonai or Western Dakota)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna_(Yankton-Yanktonai_or_Western_Dakota)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_geographic_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_geographic_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Modern geographic divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_geographic_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern geographic divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_geographic_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modern_reservations,_reserves,_and_communities_of_the_Sioux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_reservations,_reserves,_and_communities_of_the_Sioux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Modern reservations, reserves, and communities of the Sioux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_reservations,_reserves,_and_communities_of_the_Sioux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Dakota_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Dakota_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable Dakota people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_Dakota_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable Dakota people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_Dakota_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Historical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Contemporary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_individual_tribe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_individual_tribe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>By individual tribe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_individual_tribe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="قبيلة داكوتا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قبيلة داكوتا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_l%C3%A2ng" title="Dakota lâng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Dakota lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Дакота – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дакота" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naci%C3%B3_Dakota" title="Nació Dakota – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nació Dakota" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_(Volk)" title="Dakota (Volk) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dakota (Volk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_dakota" title="Pueblo dakota – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo dakota" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakotoj" title="Dakotoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dakotoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakotas" title="Dakotas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dakotas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_(folk)" title="Dakota (folk) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dakota (folk)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_dakota" title="Pobo dakota – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo dakota" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%BD%94%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8" title="다코타인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다코타인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Dakota" title="Orang Dakota – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Dakota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_(gruppo_etnico)" title="Dakota (gruppo etnico) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dakota (gruppo etnico)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakotai" title="Dakotai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dakotai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_(volk)" title="Dakota (volk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dakota (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_(popor)" title="Dakota (popor) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dakota (popor)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_people" title="Dakota people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dakota people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakotat" title="Dakotat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dakotat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_(folkgrupp)" title="Dakota (folkgrupp) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dakota (folkgrupp)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakotalar" title="Dakotalar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dakotalar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Дакота (народ) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дакота (народ)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16148367#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For people with the name Dakota, see <a href="/wiki/Dakota_(given_name)" title="Dakota (given name)">Dakota (given name)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Dakota</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_eastman_smithsonian_gn_03462a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Charles_eastman_smithsonian_gn_03462a.jpg/220px-Charles_eastman_smithsonian_gn_03462a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Charles_eastman_smithsonian_gn_03462a.jpg/330px-Charles_eastman_smithsonian_gn_03462a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Charles_eastman_smithsonian_gn_03462a.jpg/440px-Charles_eastman_smithsonian_gn_03462a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="629" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Alex_Eastman" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Alex Eastman">Charles Alex Eastman</a> (1858–1939), physician, author, and co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">20,460 (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-ethno_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethno-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>),<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Dakota_language" title="Dakota language">Dakota</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ethno_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethno-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">English</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Religious_syncretism" title="Religious syncretism">syncretistic</a> forms), <a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native American religions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wocekiye" title="Wocekiye">Wocekiye</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Lakota_people" title="Lakota people">Lakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assiniboine_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Assiniboine people">Assiniboine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoney_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoney (people)">Stoney</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nakota" title="Nakota">Nakota</a>), and other <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Dakota<br /><small>"ally / friend"</small></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data">Dakȟóta Oyáte</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dakota_language" title="Dakota language">Dakȟótiyapi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Plains_Indian_Sign_Language" title="Plains Indian Sign Language">Wíyutȟapi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Dakȟóta Makóce, <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Očhéthi Šakówiŋ</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Dakota</b> (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sio-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[daˈkˣota]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Dakota_language" title="Dakota language">Dakota</a>: <i lang="dak"><b>Dakȟóta</b></i> or <b><span title="Dakota-language text"><i lang="dak">Dakhóta</i></span></b>) are a <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> <a href="/wiki/Tribe_(Native_American)" title="Tribe (Native American)">tribe</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Band_government" title="Band government">band government</a> in North America. They compose two of the three main subcultures of the <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> people, and are typically divided into the <b>Eastern Dakota</b> and the <b>Western Dakota</b>. </p><p>The four bands of Eastern Dakota are the <span title="Dakota-language text"><i lang="dak">Bdewákaŋthuŋwaŋ</i></span>, <span title="Dakota-language text"><i lang="dak">Waȟpéthuŋwaŋ</i></span>, <span title="Dakota-language text"><i lang="dak">Waȟpékhute</i></span>, and <span title="Dakota-language text"><i lang="dak">Sisíthuŋwaŋ</i></span> and are sometimes referred to as the <b>Santee</b> (<span title="Dakota-language text"><i lang="dak">Isáŋyathi</i></span> or <span title="Dakota-language text"><i lang="dak">Isáŋ-athi</i></span>; 'knife' + 'encampment', 'dwells at the place of knife flint'), who reside in the eastern <a href="/wiki/Dakotas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakotas">Dakotas</a>, central <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>. They have federally recognized tribes established in several places. </p><p>The Western Dakota are the <b>Yankton</b>, and the <b>Yanktonai</b> (<span title="Dakota-language text"><i lang="dak">Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ</i></span> and <span title="Dakota-language text"><i lang="dak">Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna</i></span>; "Village-at-the-end" and "Little village-at-the-end"), who reside in the Upper <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a> area. The Yankton-Yanktonai are collectively also referred to by the <a href="/wiki/Endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Endonym">endonym</a> <span title="Dakota-language text"><i lang="dak">Wičhíyena</i></span> ('Those Who Speak Like Men'). They also have distinct federally recognized tribes. In the past the Western Dakota have been erroneously classified as <a href="/wiki/Nakota" title="Nakota">Nakota</a>, who are located in Montana and across the border in Canada, where they are known as <a href="/wiki/Nakoda_(Stoney)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakoda (Stoney)">Stoney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>Dakota</i> means "ally or friend" in the <a href="/wiki/Dakota_language" title="Dakota language">Dakota language</a>, and their <a href="/wiki/Exonym_and_endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym and endonym">autonyms</a> include <i>Ikčé Wičhášta</i> ("Indian people") and <i>Dakhóta Oyáte</i> ("Dakota people").<sup id="cite_ref-p316_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p316-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_T._Keiley_Zitkala-Sa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Joseph_T._Keiley_Zitkala-Sa.jpg/220px-Joseph_T._Keiley_Zitkala-Sa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Joseph_T._Keiley_Zitkala-Sa.jpg/330px-Joseph_T._Keiley_Zitkala-Sa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Joseph_T._Keiley_Zitkala-Sa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zitkala-Sa" title="Zitkala-Sa">Zitkala-Sa</a> (1876–1938), Yankton author, photographed by Joseph Keiley</figcaption></figure> <p>The Eastern and Western Dakota are two of the three groupings belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> nation (also called Dakota in a broad sense), the third being the <a href="/wiki/Lakota_people" title="Lakota people">Lakota</a> (Thítȟuŋwaŋ or Teton). The three groupings speak dialects that are still relatively <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">mutually intelligible</a>. This is referred to as a common language, Dakota-Lakota, or <a href="/wiki/Sioux_language" title="Sioux language">Sioux</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dakota include the following bands: </p> <ul><li><b>Santee division (Eastern Dakota)</b> (<i>Isáŋyathi</i>, meaning "knife camp"<sup id="cite_ref-p316_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p316-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mdewakanton" title="Mdewakanton">Mdewakanton</a> (<i>Bdewákhaŋthuŋwaŋ</i> "Spirit Lake Village" or "people of the mystic lake"<sup id="cite_ref-p316_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p316-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) <dl><dd>notable persons: <a href="/wiki/Taoyateduta" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoyateduta">Taoyateduta</a></dd></dl></li> <li>Sisseton (<i>Sisíthuŋwaŋ</i>, translating to "swamp/lake/fish scale village"<sup id="cite_ref-p316_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p316-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>Wahpekute (<i>Waȟpékhute</i>, "Leaf Archers") <dl><dd>notable persons: <a href="/wiki/Inkpaduta" title="Inkpaduta">Inkpaduta</a></dd></dl></li> <li>Wahpeton (<i>Waȟpéthuŋwaŋ</i>, "Leaf Village")</li></ul></li> <li><b>Yankton-Yanktonai division (Western Dakota)</b> (<i>Wičhíyena</i>) <ul><li>Yankton (<i>Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ</i>, "End Village")</li> <li>Yanktonai (<i>Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna</i>, "Little End Village") <ul><li>Upper Yanktonai</li> <li>Húŋkpathina or Lower Yanktonai<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dakota_language" title="Dakota language">Dakota language</a></div> <p>The Dakota language is a Mississippi Valley Siouan language, belonging to the greater <a href="/wiki/Siouan-Catawban_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Siouan-Catawban language">Siouan-Catawban language</a> family. It is closely related to and mutually intelligible with the <a href="/wiki/Lakota_language" title="Lakota language">Lakota language</a>, and both are also more distantly related to the <a href="/wiki/Stoney_language" title="Stoney language">Stoney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assiniboine_language" title="Assiniboine language">Assiniboine</a> languages. Dakota is written in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> and has a dictionary and grammar.<sup id="cite_ref-ethno_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethno-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dakota_language" title="Dakota language">Eastern Dakota</a></b> (also known as Santee-Sisseton or Dakhóta) <ul><li>Santee (Isáŋyáthi: Bdewákhathuŋwaŋ, Waȟpékhute)</li> <li>Sisseton (Sisíthuŋwaŋ, Waȟpéthuŋwaŋ)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dakota_language" title="Dakota language">Western Dakota</a></b> (or Yankton-Yanktonai or Dakȟóta) <ul><li>Yankton (Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ)</li> <li>Yanktonai (Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna) <ul><li>Upper Yanktonai (Wičhíyena)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sioux#History" title="Sioux">Sioux § History</a></div> <p>Before the 17th century, the Santee Dakota (<span title="Dakota-language text"><i lang="dak">Isáŋyathi</i></span>; "Knife" also known as the Eastern Dakota) lived around <a href="/wiki/Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior">Lake Superior</a> with territories in present-day northern Minnesota and Wisconsin. They gathered wild rice, hunted woodland animals and used canoes to fish. Wars with the <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a> throughout the 1700s pushed the Dakota into southern Minnesota, where the Western Dakota (Yankton, Yanktonai) and Teton (Lakota) were residing. In the 1800s, the Dakota signed treaties with the United States, ceding much of their land in Minnesota. Failure of the United States to make treaty payments on time, as well as low food supplies, led to the <a href="/wiki/Dakota_War_of_1862" title="Dakota War of 1862">Dakota War of 1862</a>, which resulted in the Dakota being exiled from Minnesota to numerous reservations in Nebraska, North and South Dakota and Canada. After 1870, the Dakota people began to return to Minnesota, creating the present-day reservations in the state. </p><p>The Yankton and Yanktonai Dakota (<span title="Dakota-language text"><i lang="dak">Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ</i></span> and <span title="Dakota-language text"><i lang="dak">Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna</i></span>; "Village-at-the-end" and "Little village-at-the-end"), collectively also referred to by the <a href="/wiki/Exonym_and_endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym and endonym">endonym</a> <span title="Dakota-language text"><i lang="dak">Wičhíyena</i></span>, resided in the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_River" title="Minnesota River">Minnesota River</a> area before ceding their land and moving to South Dakota in 1858. Despite ceding their lands, their treaty with the U.S. government allowed them to maintain their traditional role in the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ as the caretakers of the <a href="/wiki/Pipestone_National_Monument" title="Pipestone National Monument">Pipestone Quarry</a>, which is the cultural center of the Sioux people. They are considered to be the Western Dakota (also called middle Sioux), and have in the past been erroneously classified as <a href="/wiki/Nakota" title="Nakota">Nakota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The actual Nakota are the <a href="/wiki/Assiniboine" title="Assiniboine">Assiniboine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nakoda_(Stoney)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakoda (Stoney)">Stoney</a> of <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Santee_(Isáŋyathi_or_Eastern_Dakota)"><span id="Santee_.28Is.C3.A1.C5.8Byathi_or_Eastern_Dakota.29"></span>Santee (Isáŋyathi or Eastern Dakota)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Santee (Isáŋyathi or Eastern Dakota)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Migrations of <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a> people from the east in the 17th and 18th centuries, who were armed with muskets supplied by the French and British, pushed the Dakota further into Minnesota and west and southward. The US gave the name "<a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota Territory</a>" to the northern expanse west of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> and up to its headwaters.<sup id="cite_ref-riggs_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riggs-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (November 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Dakota_War_of_1862" title="Dakota War of 1862">Dakota War of 1862</a>, the federal government expelled the Santee (who included the <a href="/wiki/Mdewakanton" title="Mdewakanton">Mdewakanton</a>) from Minnesota. Many were sent to <a href="/wiki/Crow_Creek_Indian_Reservation" title="Crow Creek Indian Reservation">Crow Creek Indian Reservation</a> east of the Missouri River in what is now South Dakota. In 1864 some from the Crow Creek Reservation were sent to St. Louis and then traveled by boat up the Missouri River, ultimately to the <a href="/wiki/Santee_Sioux_Reservation" title="Santee Sioux Reservation">Santee Sioux Reservation</a>. </p><p>In the 21st century, the majority of the Santee live on reservations and reserves, and many in small and larger cities in Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Canada. They went to cities for more work opportunities and improved living conditions. <span class="anchor" id="Western_Dakota"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna_(Yankton-Yanktonai_or_Western_Dakota)"><span id="Ih.C3.A1.C5.8Bkthu.C5.8Bwa.C5.8B-Ih.C3.A1.C5.8Bkthu.C5.8Bwa.C5.8Bna_.28Yankton-Yanktonai_or_Western_Dakota.29"></span>Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna (Yankton-Yanktonai or Western Dakota)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna (Yankton-Yanktonai or Western Dakota)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna, also known by the <a href="/wiki/Anglicize" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicize">anglicized</a> spelling <a href="/wiki/Yankton_Sioux_Tribe" title="Yankton Sioux Tribe">Yankton</a> (Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ: "End village") and Yanktonai (Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna: "Little end village") divisions consist of two bands or two of the seven council fires. According to <i>Nasunatanka</i> and <i>Matononpa</i> in 1880, the Yanktonai are divided into two sub-groups known as the Upper Yanktonai and the Lower Yanktonai (Húŋkpathina).<sup id="cite_ref-riggs_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riggs-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They were involved in quarrying <a href="/wiki/Catlinite" title="Catlinite">pipestone</a>. The Yankton-Yanktonai moved into northern Minnesota. In the 18th century, they were recorded as living in the <a href="/wiki/Mankato" class="mw-redirect" title="Mankato">Mankato</a> (<i>Maka To</i> – Earth Blue/Blue Earth) region of southwestern Minnesota along the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Earth_River" title="Blue Earth River">Blue Earth River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dakota_ways_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dakota_ways-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the Yankton live on the <a href="/wiki/Yankton_Indian_Reservation" title="Yankton Indian Reservation">Yankton Indian Reservation</a> in southeastern South Dakota. Some Yankton live on the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Brule_Indian_Reservation" title="Lower Brule Indian Reservation">Lower Brule Indian Reservation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crow_Creek_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Crow Creek Reservation">Crow Creek Reservation</a>, which is also occupied by the Lower Yanktonai. The Upper Yanktonai live in the northern part of <a href="/wiki/Standing_Rock_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Standing Rock Reservation">Standing Rock Reservation</a>, and on the <a href="/wiki/Spirit_Lake_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit Lake Reservation">Spirit Lake Reservation</a>, in areas within central North Dakota. Others live in the eastern half of the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Peck_Indian_Reservation" title="Fort Peck Indian Reservation">Fort Peck Indian Reservation</a> in northeastern Montana. In addition, they reside at several Canadian reserves, including <a href="/wiki/Birdtail_Sioux_First_Nation" title="Birdtail Sioux First Nation">Birdtail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canupawakpa_Dakota_First_Nation" title="Canupawakpa Dakota First Nation">Oak Lake</a>, and Whitecap (formerly Moose Woods). <span class="anchor" id="Eastern_Dakota"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_geographic_divisions">Modern geographic divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern geographic divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dakota maintain many separate tribal governments scattered across several reservations and communities in North America: in the Dakotas, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Montana in the United States; and in <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> in Canada. </p><p>The earliest known European record of the Dakota identified them in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin. After the introduction of the horse in the early 18th century, the Sioux dominated larger areas of land—from present day Central Canada to the <a href="/wiki/Platte_River" title="Platte River">Platte River</a>, from Minnesota to the <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_River" title="Yellowstone River">Yellowstone River</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Powder_River_(Montana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Powder River (Montana)">Powder River</a> country.<sup id="cite_ref-dog_soldiers_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dog_soldiers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_reservations,_reserves,_and_communities_of_the_Sioux"><span id="Modern_reservations.2C_reserves.2C_and_communities_of_the_Sioux"></span>Modern reservations, reserves, and communities of the Sioux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Modern reservations, reserves, and communities of the Sioux"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Reserve/Reservation<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Community </th> <th>Bands residing </th> <th>Location </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Peck_Indian_Reservation" title="Fort Peck Indian Reservation">Fort Peck Indian Reservation</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assiniboine_and_Sioux_Tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes">Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hunkpapa" title="Hunkpapa">Hunkpapa</a>, Upper Yanktonai (Pabaksa), Sisseton, Wahpeton, and the Hudesabina (Red Bottom), Wadopabina (Canoe Paddler), Wadopahnatonwan (Canoe Paddlers Who Live on the Prairie), Sahiyaiyeskabi (Plains Cree-Speakers), Inyantonwanbina (Stone People) and Fat Horse Band of the Assiniboine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, United States </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Lake_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit Lake Reservation">Spirit Lake Reservation</a> <p><sub>(Formerly Devil's Lake Reservation)</sub> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Lake_Tribe" title="Spirit Lake Tribe">Spirit Lake Tribe</a> <p><sub>(Mni Wakan Oyate)</sub> </p> </td> <td>Wahpeton, Sisseton, Upper Yanktonai </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>, USA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Standing_Rock_Indian_Reservation" title="Standing Rock Indian Reservation">Standing Rock Indian Reservation</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Standing_Rock_Sioux_Tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Standing Rock Sioux Tribe">Standing Rock Sioux Tribe</a> </td> <td>Lower Yanktonai, Sihasapa, Upper Yanktonai, Hunkpapa </td> <td>North Dakota, <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>, USA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_Traverse_Indian_Reservation" title="Lake Traverse Indian Reservation">Lake Traverse Indian Reservation</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sisseton_Wahpeton_Oyate" title="Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate">Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate</a> </td> <td>Sisseton, Wahpeton </td> <td>South Dakota, USA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flandreau_Indian_Reservation" title="Flandreau Indian Reservation">Flandreau Indian Reservation</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flandreau_Santee_Sioux_Tribe" title="Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe">Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe</a> </td> <td>Mdewakanton, Wahpekute, Wahpeton </td> <td>South Dakota, USA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crow_Creek_Indian_Reservation" title="Crow Creek Indian Reservation">Crow Creek Indian Reservation</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crow_Creek_Sioux_Tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Crow Creek Sioux Tribe">Crow Creek Sioux Tribe</a> </td> <td>Lower Yanktonai, Mdewakanton </td> <td>South Dakota, USA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yankton_Indian_Reservation" title="Yankton Indian Reservation">Yankton Sioux Indian Reservation</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yankton_Sioux_Tribe" title="Yankton Sioux Tribe">Yankton Sioux Tribe</a> </td> <td>Yankton </td> <td>South Dakota, USA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Sioux_Indian_Reservation" title="Upper Sioux Indian Reservation">Upper Sioux Indian Reservation</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Sioux_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Sioux Community">Upper Sioux Community</a> <p><sub>(Pejuhutazizi Oyate)</sub> </p> </td> <td>Mdewakanton, Sisseton, Wahpeton </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, USA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lower_Sioux_Indian_Reservation" title="Lower Sioux Indian Reservation">Lower Sioux Indian Reservation</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lower_Sioux_Indian_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Sioux Indian Community">Lower Sioux Indian Community</a> </td> <td>Mdewakanton, Wahpekute </td> <td>Minnesota, USA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shakopee-Mdewakanton_Indian_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakopee-Mdewakanton Indian Reservation">Shakopee-Mdewakanton Indian Reservation</a> <p><sub>(Formerly Prior Lake Indian Reservation)</sub> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shakopee_Mdewakanton_Sioux_Community" title="Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community">Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community</a> </td> <td>Mdewakanton, Wahpekute </td> <td>Minnesota, USA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Island_Indian_Community" title="Prairie Island Indian Community">Prairie Island Indian Community</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Island_Indian_Community" title="Prairie Island Indian Community">Prairie Island Indian Community</a> </td> <td>Mdewakanton, Wahpekute </td> <td>Minnesota, USA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santee_Indian_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Santee Indian Reservation">Santee Indian Reservation</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santee_Sioux_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Santee Sioux Nation">Santee Sioux Nation</a> </td> <td>Mdewakanton, Wahpekute </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>, USA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Valley_First_Nation#Reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Sioux Valley First Nation">Sioux Valley Dakota Nation Reserve</a>, <a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_Station_Reservaat_62A" class="extiw" title="fy:Fishing Station Reservaat 62A">Fishing Station 62A Reserve</a>* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Valley_First_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sioux Valley First Nation">Sioux Valley First Nation</a> </td> <td>Sisseton, Mdewakanton, Wahpeton, Wahpekute </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dakota Plains Indian Reserve 6A </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Plains_Wahpeton_First_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakota Plains Wahpeton First Nation">Dakota Plains Wahpeton First Nation</a> </td> <td>Wahpeton, Sisseton </td> <td>Manitoba, Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dakota Tipi 1 Reserve </td> <td>Dakota Tipi First Nation </td> <td>Wahpeton </td> <td>Manitoba, Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Birdtail_Sioux_First_Nation" title="Birdtail Sioux First Nation">Birdtail Creek 57 Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birdtail_Sioux_First_Nation" title="Birdtail Sioux First Nation">Birdtail Hay Lands 57A Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birdtail_Sioux_First_Nation" title="Birdtail Sioux First Nation">Fishing Station 62A Reserve</a>* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Birdtail_Sioux_First_Nation" title="Birdtail Sioux First Nation">Birdtail Sioux First Nation</a> </td> <td>Mdewakanton, Wahpekute, Yanktonai </td> <td>Manitoba, Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canupawakpa_Dakota_First_Nation" title="Canupawakpa Dakota First Nation">Canupawakpa Dakota First Nation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canupawakpa_Dakota_First_Nation" title="Canupawakpa Dakota First Nation">Oak Lake 59A Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canupawakpa_Dakota_First_Nation" title="Canupawakpa Dakota First Nation">Fishing Station 62A Reserve</a>* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canupawakpa_Dakota_First_Nation" title="Canupawakpa Dakota First Nation">Canupawakpa Dakota First Nation</a> </td> <td>Wahpekute, Wahpeton, Yanktonai </td> <td>Manitoba, Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Standing_Buffalo_78" title="Standing Buffalo 78">Standing Buffalo 78</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Standing_Buffalo_Dakota_Nation" title="Standing Buffalo Dakota Nation">Standing Buffalo Dakota Nation</a> </td> <td>Sisseton, Wahpeton </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Whitecap_94" title="Whitecap 94">Whitecap 94 Reserve</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Whitecap_Dakota_First_Nation" title="Whitecap Dakota First Nation">Whitecap Dakota First Nation</a> </td> <td>Wahpeton, Sisseton </td> <td>Saskatchewan, Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wahpaton_94A" title="Wahpaton 94A">Wahpaton 94A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wahpaton_94B" title="Wahpaton 94B">Wahpaton 94B</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wahpeton_Dakota_Nation" title="Wahpeton Dakota Nation">Wahpeton Dakota Nation</a> </td> <td>Wahpeton </td> <td>Saskatchewan, Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Assiniboia,_Saskatchewan" title="Assiniboia, Saskatchewan">Wood Mountain 160 Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_Four_Reserve_Grounds_Indian_Reserve_No._77" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty Four Reserve Grounds Indian Reserve No. 77">Treaty Four Reserve Grounds Indian Reserve No. 77</a>* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wood_Mountain_Lakota_First_Nation" title="Wood Mountain Lakota First Nation">Wood Mountain</a> </td> <td>Hunkpapa </td> <td>Saskatchewan, Canada </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>(* <i>Reserves shared with other First Nations</i>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Dakota_people">Notable Dakota people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable Dakota people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical">Historical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Historical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hazaiyankawin (<a href="/wiki/Azayamankawin" title="Azayamankawin">Azayamankawin</a>), Mdewakanton Dakota woman who ran canoe ferry service in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a></li> <li>Inkpaduta (<a href="/wiki/Inkpaduta" title="Inkpaduta">Scarlet Point</a>/Red End), Wahpekute Dakota war chief</li> <li>Ištáȟba (<a href="/wiki/Ishtakhaba" title="Ishtakhaba">Sleepy Eye</a>), Sisseton Dakota chief</li> <li>Maḣpiya Wic̣aṡṭa (<a href="/wiki/Cloud_Man" title="Cloud Man">Cloud Man</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mdewakanton" title="Mdewakanton"> Mdewakanton Dakota</a> chief</li> <li>Ohíyes'a (<a href="/wiki/Charles_Eastman" title="Charles Eastman">Charles Eastman</a>), Dakota author, physician and reformer who helped found the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a></li> <li>Snana (<a href="/wiki/Snana" title="Snana">Maggie Brass</a>), Mdewakanton woman who saved Mary Schwandt during the <a href="/wiki/Dakota_War_of_1862" title="Dakota War of 1862">U.S.–Dakota War of 1862</a></li> <li>Tamaha (<a href="/wiki/Tamaha_(Dakota_scout)" title="Tamaha (Dakota scout)">One Eye/Standing Moose</a>), Mdewekanton Dakota scout for the U.S. during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li>Thaóyate Dúta (<a href="/wiki/Little_Crow" title="Little Crow">Little Crow III</a>/His Red Nation), Mdewakanton Dakota chief of <a href="/wiki/Kaposia" title="Kaposia">Kaposia</a> band and military leader during <a href="/wiki/Dakota_War_of_1862" title="Dakota War of 1862">U.S.–Dakota War of 1862</a></li> <li>Ti'wakan (<a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Renville" title="Gabriel Renville">Gabriel Renville</a>), Sisseton Wahpeton chief from 1866 to 1892</li> <li>Wapahaśa (<a href="/wiki/Wapasha_II" title="Wapasha II">Wabasha II</a>), head chief of Mdewakanton Dakota and Kiyuksa band in early 1800s</li> <li>Wapahaśa (<a href="/wiki/Wabasha_III" title="Wabasha III">Wabasha III</a>), head chief of the <a href="/wiki/Santee_Sioux_Reservation" title="Santee Sioux Reservation">Santee Sioux</a></li> <li>Wánataŋ (<a href="/wiki/Wanata" title="Wanata">Wanata</a>), Yanktonai Dakota chief</li> <li>Wánataŋ (<a href="/wiki/Wanata#Chief_Wanataan_II" title="Wanata">Wanata#Chief Wanataan II</a>), Sisseton Dakota chief, son of the former</li> <li>Waŋbdí Okíčhize (<a href="/wiki/Chief_War_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief War Eagle">War Eagle</a>), Yankton Dakota chief of Santee origin</li> <li>Waŋbdí Tháŋka (<a href="/wiki/Big_Eagle" title="Big Eagle">Big Eagle</a>), Mdewakanton Dakota sub-chief</li> <li>Zitkala-Ša (<a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Simmons_Bonnin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gertrude Simmons Bonnin">Gertrude Simmons Bonnin</a>, 1876–1938), Yankton author, educator, musician and political activist</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary">Contemporary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Contemporary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Cara_Deloria" title="Ella Cara Deloria">Ella Cara Deloria</a> (1889 – 1971), author, ethnographer, linguist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine_Deloria_Jr." title="Vine Deloria Jr.">Vine Deloria Jr.</a> (1933–2005), <a href="/wiki/Standing_Rock_Indian_Reservation" title="Standing Rock Indian Reservation">Standing Rock</a> author, activist, historian and theologian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Red_Crow_Westerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Floyd Red Crow Westerman">Floyd Red Crow Westerman</a>/<i>Kanghi Duta</i> (1936–2007), <a href="/wiki/Sisseton_Wahpeton_Oyate" title="Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate">Sisseton Wahpeton</a> actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Trudell" title="John Trudell">John Trudell</a> (1946–2015), Santee activist, <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Movement" title="American Indian Movement">American Indian Movement</a> leader</li></ul> <p>Contemporary Sioux people are also listed under the tribes to which they belong: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_individual_tribe">By individual tribe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: By individual tribe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Peck_Indian_Reservation#Notable_tribal_members" title="Fort Peck Indian Reservation">Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_Creek_Reservation#Notable_tribal_members" class="mw-redirect" title="Crow Creek Reservation">Crow Creek Sioux Tribe of the Crow Creek Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flandreau_Santee_Sioux_Tribe#Notable_tribal_members" title="Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe">Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Brule_Indian_Reservation#Notable_tribal_members" title="Lower Brule Indian Reservation">Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakopee_Mdewakanton_Sioux_Community#Notable_tribal_members" title="Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community">Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisseton_Wahpeton_Oyate#Notable_members_of_the_tribe" title="Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate">Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Rock_Indian_Reservation#Notable_tribal_members" title="Standing Rock Indian Reservation">Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankton_Sioux_Tribe#Notable_members_of_the_tribe" title="Yankton Sioux Tribe">Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bd%C3%B3te" title="Bdóte">Bdóte</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bdote_Memory_Map" title="Bdote Memory Map">Bdote Memory Map</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ethno-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ethno_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ethno_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ethno_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/dak">"Dakota."</a> <i>Ethnologue.</i> Retrieved 8 January 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a report on the long-established blunder of misnaming the Yankton and the Yanktonai as "Nakota", see the article <a href="/wiki/Nakota" title="Nakota">Nakota</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p316-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p316_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p316_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p316_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p316_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry M. Pritzker, <i>A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.</i> Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000; pg. 316</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parks, Douglas R.; & Rankin, Robert L., "The Siouan languages"; in DeMallie, R.J. (ed) (2001). <i>Handbook of North American Indians: Plains</i> (Vol. 13, Part 1, pp. 94–114) [W. C. Sturtevant (Gen. Ed.)]. Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institution: pp. 97 ff; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-16-050400-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-16-050400-7">0-16-050400-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">not to be confused with the Oglala <i>thiyóšpaye</i> bearing the same name, "Húŋkpathila"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">for a report on the long-established blunder of misnaming as "Nakota", the Yankton and the Yanktonai, see the article <a href="/wiki/Nakota" title="Nakota">Nakota</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-riggs-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-riggs_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riggs_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiggs1893" class="citation book cs1">Riggs, Stephen R. (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dakotagrammartex00rigguoft"><i>Dakota Grammar, Texts, and Ethnography</i></a>. Washington Government Printing Office, Ross & Haines, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87018-052-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87018-052-5"><bdi>0-87018-052-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dakota+Grammar%2C+Texts%2C+and+Ethnography&rft.pub=Washington+Government+Printing+Office%2C+Ross+%26+Haines%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1893&rft.isbn=0-87018-052-5&rft.aulast=Riggs&rft.aufirst=Stephen+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdakotagrammartex00rigguoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADakota+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dakota_ways-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dakota_ways_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOneRoadSkinner2003" class="citation book cs1">OneRoad, Amos E.; Skinner, Alanson (2003). <i>Being Dakota: Tales and Traditions of the Sisseton and Wahpeton</i>. Minnesota Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87351-453-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87351-453-X"><bdi>0-87351-453-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Being+Dakota%3A+Tales+and+Traditions+of+the+Sisseton+and+Wahpeton&rft.pub=Minnesota+Historical+Society&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-87351-453-X&rft.aulast=OneRoad&rft.aufirst=Amos+E.&rft.au=Skinner%2C+Alanson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADakota+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dog_soldiers-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dog_soldiers_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMails1973" class="citation book cs1">Mails, Thomas E. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dogsoldiersbearm00mail"><i>Dog Soldiers, Bear Men, and Buffalo Women: A Study of the Societies and Cults of the Plains Indians</i></a>. Prentice-Hall, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-217216-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-217216-X"><bdi>0-13-217216-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dog+Soldiers%2C+Bear+Men%2C+and+Buffalo+Women%3A+A+Study+of+the+Societies+and+Cults+of+the+Plains+Indians&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-13-217216-X&rft.aulast=Mails&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdogsoldiersbearm00mail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADakota+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnson-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-johnson_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2000" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Michael (2000). <i>The Tribes of the Sioux Nation</i>. Osprey Publishing Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-878-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-878-X"><bdi>1-85532-878-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tribes+of+the+Sioux+Nation&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing+Oxford&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-85532-878-X&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADakota+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Catherine J. Denial, <i>Making Marriage: Husbands, Wives, and the American State in Dakota and Ojibwe Country</i>. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2013.</li> <li>Cynthia Leanne Landrum, <i>The Dakota Sioux Experience at Flandreau and Pipestone Indian Schools</i>. Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, 2019.</li> <li>Waziyatawin, <i>What Does Justice Look Like? The Struggle for Liberation in Dakota Homeland</i>. St. Paul, Minn.: Living Justice Press, 2008.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakota_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dakota_(Sioux)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dakota (Sioux)">Dakota (Sioux)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140108094343/http://dakotawicohan.com/about/history">About Dakota Wicohan</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Dakotas"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Dakotas">"Dakotas" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work"><i>The New Student's Reference Work</i> </a></span>. 1914.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dakotas&rft.btitle=The+New+Student%27s+Reference+Work&rft.date=1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADakota+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> 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