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structure</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: large span structure"> <meta name="keywords" content="large span structure"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="large span structure"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 14210</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: large span structure</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14210</span> Study of Hydrocarbons Metering Issues in Algerian Fields under the New Law Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hadjadj">A. Hadjadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Maamir"> S. Maamir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">Since the advent of the law 86/14 concerning the</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">exploitation of the national territory by foreign companies in</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">partnership with the Algerian oil and gas company, the problem of</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">hydrocarbons metering in the sharing production come out.</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">More generally, good management counting hydrocarbons can</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">provide data on the production wells, the field and the reservoir for</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">medium and long term planning, particularly in the context of the</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">management and field development.</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">In this work, we are interested in the transactional metering which</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">is a very delicate and crucial period in the current context of the new</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">hydrocarbon’s law characterized by assets system between the</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">various activities of Sonatrach and its foreign partners.</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">After a state of the art on hydrocarbons metering devices in</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">Algeria and elsewhere, we will decline the advantages and</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">disadvantages of each system, and then we describe the problem to</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">try to reach an optimal solution.</span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transactional%20metering" title="transactional metering">transactional metering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flowmeter%20orifice" title=" flowmeter orifice"> flowmeter orifice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20flow" title=" heat flow"> heat flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonatrach" title=" Sonatrach"> Sonatrach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1901/study-of-hydrocarbons-metering-issues-in-algerian-fields-under-the-new-law-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14209</span> Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Arched Structures Considering Soil-Structure Interaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20El%20Gendy">Mohamed M. El Gendy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20A.%20El%20Arabi"> Ibrahim A. El Arabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafeek%20W.%20Abdel-Missih"> Rafeek W. Abdel-Missih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20A.%20Kandil"> Omar A. Kandil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nonlinear analysis is one of the most important design and safety tools in structural engineering. Based on the finite-element method, a geometrical and material nonlinear analysis of large span reinforced concrete arches is carried out considering soil-structure interaction. The concrete section details and reinforcement distribution are taken into account. The behavior of soil is considered via Winkler's and continuum models. A computer program (NARC II) is specially developed in order to follow the structural behavior of large span reinforced concrete arches up to failure. The results obtained by the proposed model are compared with available literature for verification. This work confirmed that the geometrical and material nonlinearities, as well as soil structure interaction, have considerable influence on the structural response of reinforced concrete arches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20analysis" title="nonlinear analysis">nonlinear analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20arched%20structure" title=" reinforced concrete arched structure"> reinforced concrete arched structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-structure%20interaction" title=" soil-structure interaction"> soil-structure interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnical%20engineering" title=" geotechnical engineering"> geotechnical engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8429/nonlinear-analysis-of-reinforced-concrete-arched-structures-considering-soil-structure-interaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14208</span> A Comprehensive Review on Structural Properties and Erection Benefits of Large Span Stressed-Arch Steel Truss Industrial Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anoush%20Saadatmehr">Anoush Saadatmehr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Design and build of large clear span structures have always been demanding in the construction industry targeting industrial and commercial buildings around the world. The function of these spectacular structures encompasses distinguished types of building such as aircraft and airship hangars, warehouses, bulk storage buildings, sports and recreation facilities. From an engineering point of view, there are various types of steel structure systems that are often adopted in large-span buildings like conventional trusses, space frames and cable-supported roofs. However, this paper intends to investigate and review an innovative light, economic and quickly erected large span steel structure renowned as “Stressed-Arch,” which has several advantages over the other common types of structures. This patented system integrates the use of cold-formed hollow section steel material with high-strength pre-stressing strands and concrete grout to establish an arch shape truss frame anywhere there is a requirement to construct a cost-effective column-free space for spans within the range of 60m to 180m. In this study and firstly, the main structural properties of the stressed-arch system and its components are discussed technically. These features include nonlinear behavior of truss chords during stress-erection, the effect of erection method on member’s compressive strength, the rigidity of pre-stressed trusses to overcome strict deflection criteria for cases with roof suspended cranes or specialized front doors and more importantly, the prominent lightness of steel structure. Then, the effects of utilizing pre-stressing strands to safeguard a smooth process of installation of main steel members and roof components and cladding are investigated. In conclusion, it is shown that the Stressed-Arch system not only provides an optimized light steel structure up to 30% lighter than its conventional competitors but also streamlines the process of building erection and minimizes the construction time while preventing the risks of working at height. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20span%20structure" title="large span structure">large span structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-stressed%20steel%20truss" title=" pre-stressed steel truss"> pre-stressed steel truss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stressed-arch%20building" title=" stressed-arch building"> stressed-arch building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress-erection" title=" stress-erection"> stress-erection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20structure" title=" steel structure"> steel structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147002/a-comprehensive-review-on-structural-properties-and-erection-benefits-of-large-span-stressed-arch-steel-truss-industrial-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14207</span> Phenolic Compounds and Antimicrobial Properties of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Rahnemoon">P. Rahnemoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sarabi%20Jamab"> M. Sarabi Jamab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Javanmard%20Dakheli"> M. Javanmard Dakheli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bostan"> A. Bostan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, tendency to use of natural antimicrobial agents in food industry has increased. Pomegranate peels containing phenolic compounds and anti-microbial agents, are counted as valuable source for extraction of these compounds. In this study, the extraction of pomegranate peel extract was carried out at different ethanol/water ratios (40:60, 60:40, and 80:20), temperatures (25, 40, and 55 ˚C), and time durations (20, 24, and 28 h). The extraction yield, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins were measured. &lrm;Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extracts were determined against some food-borne &lrm;microorganisms such as <em>Salmonella enteritidis</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>, &lrm;&lrm;<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Aspergillus niger,</em> and <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae </em>by agar diffusion and MIC methods. Results showed that at ethanol/water ratio 60:40, 25 ˚C and 24 h maximum amount of phenolic compounds &lrm;<span dir="RTL">&rlm;</span>(&lrm;<span dir="RTL">&rlm;</span>&lrm;349.518&lrm;<span dir="RTL">&rlm; &rlm;</span>mg gallic acid<span dir="RTL">&rlm;/&rlm;</span>g dried extract), &lrm;flavonoids (250.124 mg rutin<span dir="RTL">&rlm;/&rlm;</span>g dried extract), anthocyanins (252.047 &lrm;<span dir="RTL">&rlm;&rlm;</span>mg &lrm;cyanidin<span dir="RTL">&rlm;</span>&lrm;3&lrm;<span dir="RTL">&rlm;</span>glucoside<span dir="RTL">&rlm;/&rlm;</span>&lrm;100 g dried extract), and the strongest antimicrobial activity were obtained. &lrm;All extracts’ antimicrobial activities were demonstrated against every tested &lrm;&lrm;microorganisms<span dir="RTL">&rlm;</span>.&lrm;<span dir="RTL">&rlm; </span><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> showed the highest sensitivity among the tested &lrm;&lrm;&lrm;microorganisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20agents" title="antimicrobial agents">antimicrobial agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20compounds" title=" phenolic compounds"> phenolic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pomegranate%20peel" title=" pomegranate peel"> pomegranate peel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20extraction%E2%80%8E" title=" solvent extraction‎"> solvent extraction‎</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56500/phenolic-compounds-and-antimicrobial-properties-of-pomegranate-punica-granatum-peel-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14206</span> Optimization of Shear Frame Structures Applying Various Forms of Wavelet Transforms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Sadegh%20Naseralavi">Seyed Sadegh Naseralavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohrab%20Nemati"> Sohrab Nemati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Khojastehfar"> Ehsan Khojastehfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadegh%20Balaghi"> Sadegh Balaghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt"><span lang="EN-US">In the present research, various formulations of wavelet transform are applied on acceleration time history of earthquake. The mentioned transforms decompose the strong ground motion into low and high frequency parts. Since the high frequency portion of strong ground motion has a minor effect on dynamic response of structures, the structure is excited by low frequency part. Consequently, the seismic response of structure is predicted consuming one half of computational time, comparing with conventional time history analysis. Towards reducing the computational effort needed in seismic optimization of structure, seismic optimization of a shear frame structure is conducted by applying various forms of mentioned transformation through genetic algorithm.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20history%20analysis" title="time history analysis">time history analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20transform" title=" wavelet transform"> wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title=" earthquake"> earthquake</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74748/optimization-of-shear-frame-structures-applying-various-forms-of-wavelet-transforms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14205</span> Indian Art Education and Career Opportunities: A Critical Analysis on Commercial Art</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooja%20Jain">Pooja Jain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt"><span lang="EN-US">Art education is often ignored in syllabus of developing countries like India and in educational planning for development but now days Indian A</span><span lang="EN-US">rt </span><span lang="EN-US">with a global recognition </span><span lang="EN-US">is becoming an integral part of the education at all levels.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">The term art, widely used in all parts of the modern world, carried varied significance in India as its meaning was continuously being extended, covering the many varieties o</span><span lang="EN-US">f creative expression </span><span lang="EN-US">such as painting, sculpture, commercial art, design, poetry, music, dance, and architecture. Over the last 100 years Indian artists of all forms have evolved a wide variety of expressive styles. With the recommendations and initiatives by Government of India, Art Education has subsequently gained pace at the school level as a mandatory subject for all making a path way for students with a creative bend of mind. This paper investigates curriculum in various schools of the country at secondary and senior secondary levels along with some eminent institutions running the program. Findings depicted the role of art education and justified its importance primarily with commercial art being perceived to be essential for students learning skills for economic gain in their career ahead. With so many art colleges spread across India, emerging artists and designers are being trained and are creating art of infinite variety and style and have opened up many career avenues.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Commercial Art being a plethora of artistic expressions has </span><span lang="EN-US">confidently come of age</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">wherein</span><span lang="EN-US"> a creative perception is mixed with an introspective imagination to bring out multi faceted career options with a significant future enveloped in art. Visual arts in education thus is an expanding field of result assured research.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20art" title="modern art">modern art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20art" title=" commercial art"> commercial art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=introspective%20imagination" title=" introspective imagination"> introspective imagination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=career" title=" career"> career</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68133/indian-art-education-and-career-opportunities-a-critical-analysis-on-commercial-art" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68133.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14204</span> Seismic Investigation on the Effect of Surface Structures and Twin Tunnel on the Site Response in Urban Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abolhasan%20Naeini">Seyed Abolhasan Naeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeideh%20Mohammadi"> Saeideh Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Site response has a profound effect on earthquake damages. Seismic interaction of urban tunnels with surface structures could also affect seismic site response<strong><span dir="RTL">.</span></strong> Here, we use FLAC 2D to investigate the interaction of a single tunnel and twin tunnels-surface structures on the site response. Soil stratification and properties are selected based on Line. No 7 of the Tehran subway. The effect of surface structure is considered in two ways: Equivalent surcharge and geometrical modeling of the structure. Comparison of the results shows that consideration of the structure geometry is vital in dynamic analysis and leads to the changes in the magnitude of displacements, accelerations and response spectrum. Therefore it is necessary for the surface structures to be wholly modeled and not just considered as a surcharge in dynamic analysis. The use of twin tunnel also leads to the reduction of dynamic residual settlement<span dir="RTL">.</span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superstructure" title="superstructure">superstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel" title=" tunnel"> tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=site%20response" title=" site response"> site response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surcharge" title=" surcharge"> surcharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title=" interaction"> interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106616/seismic-investigation-on-the-effect-of-surface-structures-and-twin-tunnel-on-the-site-response-in-urban-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14203</span> Comparative Study of Arch Bridges with Varying Rise to Span Ratio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tauhidur%20Rahman">Tauhidur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnab%20Kumar%20Sinha"> Arnab Kumar Sinha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparative study of Arch bridges based on their varying rise to span ratio. The comparison is done between different steel Arch bridges which have variable span length and rise to span ratio keeping the same support condition. The aim of our present study is to select the optimum value of rise to span ratio of Arch bridge as the cost of the Arch bridge increases with the increasing of the rise. In order to fulfill the objective, several rise to span ratio have been considered for same span of Arch bridge and various structural parameters such as Bending moment, shear force etc have been calculated for different model. A comparative study has been done for several Arch bridges finally to select the optimum rise to span ratio of the Arch bridges. In the present study, Finite Element model for medium to long span, with different rise to span ratio have been modeled and are analyzed with the help of a Computational Software named MIDAS Civil to evaluate the results such as Bending moments, Shear force, displacements, Stresses, influence line diagrams, critical loads. In the present study, 60 models of Arch bridges for 80 to 120 m span with different rise to span ratio has been thoroughly investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arch%20bridge" title="arch bridge">arch bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title=" analysis"> analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20study" title=" comparative study"> comparative study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rise%20to%20span%20ratio" title=" rise to span ratio"> rise to span ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26463/comparative-study-of-arch-bridges-with-varying-rise-to-span-ratio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">531</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14202</span> Behavior of Cold Formed Steel in Trusses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reinhard%20Hermawan%20Lasut">Reinhard Hermawan Lasut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henki%20Wibowo%20Ashadi"> Henki Wibowo Ashadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of materials in Indonesia's construction sector requires engineers and practitioners to develop efficient construction technology, one of the materials used in cold-formed steel. Generally, the use of cold-formed steel is used in the construction of roof trusses found in houses or factories. The failure of the roof truss structure causes errors in the calculation analysis in the form of cross-sectional dimensions or frame configuration. The roof truss structure, vertical distance effect to the span length at the edge of the frame carries the compressive load. If the span is too long, local buckling will occur which causes problems in the frame strength. The model analysis uses various shapes of roof trusses, span lengths and angles with analysis of the structural stiffness matrix method. Model trusses with one-fifth shortened span and one-sixth shortened span also The trusses model is reviewed with increasing angles. It can be concluded that the trusses model by shortening the span in the compression area can reduce deflection and the model by increasing the angle does not get good results because the higher the roof, the heavier the load carried by the roof so that the force is not channeled properly. The shape of the truss must be calculated correctly so the truss is able to withstand the working load so that there is no structural failure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold-formed" title="cold-formed">cold-formed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trusses" title=" trusses"> trusses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deflection" title=" deflection"> deflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness%20matrix%20method" title=" stiffness matrix method"> stiffness matrix method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142261/behavior-of-cold-formed-steel-in-trusses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14201</span> Parametric Study for Optimal Design of Hybrid Bridge Joint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bongsik%20Park">Bongsik Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Hyun%20Park"> Jae Hyun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Yeol%20Cho"> Jae-Yeol Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mixed structure, which is a kind of hybrid system, is incorporating steel beam and prestressed concrete beam. Hybrid bridge adopting mixed structure have some merits. Main span length can be made longer by using steel as main span material. In case of cable-stayed bridge having asymmetric span length, negative reaction at side span can be restrained without extra restraining devices by using weight difference between main span material and side span material. However angle of refraction might happen because of rigidity difference between materials and stress concentration also might happen because of abnormal loading transmission at joint in the hybrid bridge. Therefore the joint might be a weak point of the structural system and it needs to pay attention to design of the joint. However, design codes and standards about the joint in the hybrid-bridge have not been established so the joint designs in most of construction cases have been very conservative or followed previous design without extra verification. In this study parametric study using finite element analysis for optimal design of hybrid bridge joint is conducted. Before parametric study, finite element analysis was conducted based on previous experimental data and it is verified that analysis result approximated experimental data. Based on the finite element analysis results, parametric study was conducted. The parameters were selected as those have influences on joint behavior. Based on the parametric study results, optimal design of hybrid bridge joint has been determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20study" title="parametric study">parametric study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20design" title=" optimal design"> optimal design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20bridge" title=" hybrid bridge"> hybrid bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27113/parametric-study-for-optimal-design-of-hybrid-bridge-joint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14200</span> Integrating Geographic Information into Diabetes Disease Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsu-Yun%20Chiu">Tsu-Yun Chiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsung-Hsueh%20Lu"> Tsung-Hsueh Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tain-Junn%20Cheng"> Tain-Junn Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt"><span lang="EN-US">Background: Traditional chronic disease management did not pay attention to effects of geographic factors on the compliance of treatment regime, which resulted in geographic inequality in outcomes of chronic disease management. This study aims to examine the geographic distribution and clustering of quality indicators of diabetes care. Method: We first extracted address, demographic information and quality of care indicators (number of visits, complications, prescription and laboratory records) of patients with diabetes for 2014 from medical information system in a medical center in Tainan City, Taiwan, and the patients’ addresses were transformed into district- and village-level data. We then compared the differences of geographic distribution and clustering of quality of care indicators between </span><span lang="EN-US">district</span><span lang="EN-US">s and villages. Despite the descriptive results, rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for indices of care in order to compare the quality of diabetes care among different areas. Results: A total of 23,588 patients with diabetes were extracted from the hospital data system; whereas 12,716 patients’ information and medical records were included to the following analysis. More than half of the subjects in this study were male and between 60-79 years old. Furthermore, the quality of diabetes care did indeed vary by geographical levels. </span><span lang="EN-US">Thru the smaller level, we could point out clustered areas more specifically. </span><span lang="EN-US">Fuguo Village (of Yongkang District) and Zhiyi Village (of Sinhua District) were found to be “hotspots” for nephropathy and cerebrovascular disease</span><span lang="EN-US">; while W</span><span lang="EN-US">angliau Village and Erwang Village (of Yongkang District) </span><span lang="EN-US">would</span><span lang="EN-US"> be “coldspots” for lowest proportion of ≥80% compliance to blood lipids examination. On the other hand, Yuping Village (in Anping District) </span><span lang="EN-US">was the area with </span><span lang="EN-US">the lowest proportion of ≥80% compliance to all laboratory examination. Conclusion: In spite of examining the geographic distribution, calculating rate ratios and their 95%</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">CI could also be a useful and consistent method to test the association. This information is useful for health planners, diabetes case managers and other affiliate practitioners to organize</span><span lang="EN-US"> c</span><span lang="EN-US">are resources to the </span><span lang="EN-US">areas </span><span lang="EN-US">most needed.<o:p> </o:p></span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catchment%20area%20of%20healthcare" title="catchment area of healthcare">catchment area of healthcare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20disease%20management" title=" chronic disease management"> chronic disease management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geographic%20information%20system" title=" Geographic information system"> Geographic information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20diabetes%20care" title=" quality of diabetes care"> quality of diabetes care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61793/integrating-geographic-information-into-diabetes-disease-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14199</span> Reduction of Plants Biodiversity in Hyrcanian Forest by Coal Mining Activities </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahsa%20Tavakoli">Mahsa Tavakoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Mohammad%20Hojjati"> Seyed Mohammad Hojjati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahya%20Kooch"> Yahya Kooch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering that coal mining is one of the important industrial activities, it may cause damages to environment. According to the author’s best knowledge, the effect of traditional coal mining activities on plant biodiversity has not been investigated in the Hyrcanian forests. Therefore, in this study, the effect of coal mining activities on vegetation and tree diversity was investigated in Hyrcanian forest, North Iran. After filed visiting and determining the mine, 16 plots (20×20 m<sup>2</sup>) were established by systematic-randomly (60×60 m<sup>2</sup>) in an area of 4 ha (200×200 m<sup>2</sup>-mine entrance placed at center). An area adjacent to the mine was not affected by the mining activity, and it is considered as the control area. In each plot, the data about trees such as number and type of species were recorded. The biodiversity of vegetation cover was considered 5 square sub-plots (1 m<sup>2</sup>) in each plot. PAST software and Ecological Methodology were used to calculate Biodiversity indices. The value of Shannon Wiener and Simpson diversity indices for tree cover in control area (1.04<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.34 and 0.62<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.20) was significantly higher than mining area (0.78<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.27 and 0.45<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.14). The value of evenness indices for tree cover in the mining area was significantly lower than that of the control area. The value of Shannon Wiener and Simpson diversity indices for vegetation cover in the control area (1.37<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.06 and 0.69<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.02) was significantly higher than the mining area (1.02<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.13 and 0.50<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.07). The value of evenness index in the control area was significantly higher than the mining area. Plant communities are a good indicator of the changes in the site. Study about changes in vegetation biodiversity and plant dynamics in the degraded land can provide necessary information for forest management and reforestation of these areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetation%20biodiversity" title="vegetation biodiversity">vegetation biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20composition" title=" species composition"> species composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20coal%20mining" title=" traditional coal mining"> traditional coal mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caspian%20forest" title=" Caspian forest"> Caspian forest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100549/reduction-of-plants-biodiversity-in-hyrcanian-forest-by-coal-mining-activities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14198</span> Analysis of Simply Supported Beams Using Elastic Beam Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20Dce">M. K. Dce</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to investigate the behavior of simply supported beams having rectangular section and subjected to uniformly distributed load (UDL). In this study five beams of span 5m, 6m, 7m and 8m have been considered. The width of all the beams is 400 mm and span to depth ratio has been taken as 12. The superimposed live load has been increased from 10 kN/m to 25 kN/m at the interval of 5 kN/m. The analysis of the beams has been carried out using the elastic beam theory. On the basis of present study it has been concluded that the maximum bending moment as well as deflection occurs at the mid-span of simply supported beam and its magnitude increases in proportion to magnitude of UDL. Moreover, the study suggests that the maximum moment is proportional to square of span and maximum deflection is proportional to fourth power of span. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam" title="beam">beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UDL" title=" UDL"> UDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20moment" title=" bending moment"> bending moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deflection" title=" deflection"> deflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20beam%20theory" title=" elastic beam theory"> elastic beam theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31751/analysis-of-simply-supported-beams-using-elastic-beam-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14197</span> A Design for Supply Chain Model by Integrated Evaluation of Design Value and Supply Chain Cost </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Jye%20Tseng">Yuan-Jye Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia-Shu%20Li"> Jia-Shu Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">To design a product with the given product requirement and design objective, there can be alternative ways to propose the detailed design specifications of the product. In the design modeling stage, alternative design cases with detailed specifications can be modeled to fulfill the product requirement and design objective. Therefore, in the design evaluation stage, it is required to perform an evaluation of the alternative design cases for deciding the final design. The purpose of this research is to develop a product evaluation model for evaluating the alternative design cases by integrated evaluating the criteria of functional design, Kansei design, and design for supply chain. The criteria in the functional design group include primary function, expansion function, improved function, and new function. The criteria in the Kansei group include geometric shape, dimension, surface finish, and layout. The criteria in the design for supply chain group include material, manufacturing process, assembly, and supply chain operation. From the point of view of value and cost, the criteria in the functional design group and Kansei design group represent the design value of the product. The criteria in the design for supply chain group represent the supply chain and manufacturing cost of the product. It is required to evaluate the design value and the supply chain cost to determine the final design. For the purpose of evaluating the criteria in the three criteria groups, a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> fuzzy analytic network process </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">(FANP) method</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> is presented</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> to evaluate a weighted index by calculating the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">total relational values </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">among </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">the three groups</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">. A method using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is used to compare and rank the design alternative cases according to the weighted index using the total relational values of the criteria. The final decision of a design case can be determined by using the ordered ranking. For example, the design case with the top ranking can be selected as the final design case. Based on the criteria in the evaluation, the design objective can be achieved with a combined and weighted effect of the design value and manufacturing cost. A</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">n example product is </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">demonstrated and illustrated in the presentation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">. It shows that the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">design evaluation </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">model is useful for integrated evaluation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> of functional design, Kansei design, and design for supply chain to determine the best design case and achieve the design objective</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20for%20supply%20chain" title="design for supply chain">design for supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20evaluation" title=" design evaluation"> design evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20design" title=" functional design"> functional design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kansei%20design" title=" Kansei design"> Kansei design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20analytic%20network%20process" title=" fuzzy analytic network process"> fuzzy analytic network process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technique%20for%20order%20preference%20by%20similarity%20to%20ideal%20solution" title=" technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution"> technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74480/a-design-for-supply-chain-model-by-integrated-evaluation-of-design-value-and-supply-chain-cost" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14196</span> Study on Shape Coefficient of Large Statue Building Based on CFD</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Guangda">Wang Guangda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%20Jun"> Ma Jun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Caiqi"> Zhao Caiqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pan%20Rui"> Pan Rui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind load is the main control load of large statue structures. Due to the irregular plane and elevation and uneven outer contour, statues’ shape coefficient can not pick up from the current code. Currently a common practice is based on wind tunnel test. But this method is time-consuming and high cost. In this paper, based on the fundamental theory of CFD, using fluid dynamics software of Fluent 15.0, a few large statue structure of 40 to 70m high, which are located in china , including large fairy statues and large Buddha statues, are analyzed by numerical wind tunnel. The results are contrasted with the recommended values in load code and the wind tunnel test results respectively. Results show that the shape coefficient has a good reliability by the numerical wind tunnel method of this kind of building. This will has a certain reference value of wind load values for large statues’ structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20statue%20structure" title="large statue structure">large statue structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20coefficient" title=" shape coefficient"> shape coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20structure" title=" irregular structure"> irregular structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel%20test" title=" wind tunnel test"> wind tunnel test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20wind%20tunnel%20simulation" title=" numerical wind tunnel simulation"> numerical wind tunnel simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31038/study-on-shape-coefficient-of-large-statue-building-based-on-cfd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14195</span> Design and Production of Thin-Walled UHPFRC Footbridge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Tej">P. Tej</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Kn%C4%9B%C5%BE"> P. Kněž</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Blank"> M. Blank</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents design and production of thin-walled U-profile footbridge made of UHPFRC. The main structure of the bridge is one prefabricated shell structure made of UHPFRC with dispersed steel fibers without any conventional reinforcement. The span of the bridge structure is 10 m and the clear width of 1.5 m. The thickness of the UHPFRC shell structure oscillated in an interval of 30-45 mm. Several calculations were made during the bridge design and compared with the experiments. For the purpose of verifying the calculations, a segment of 1.5 m was first produced, followed by the whole footbridge for testing. After the load tests were done, the design was optimized to cast the final footbridge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=footbridge" title="footbridge">footbridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20analysis" title=" non-linear analysis"> non-linear analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shell%20structure" title=" shell structure"> shell structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UHPFRC" title=" UHPFRC"> UHPFRC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ultra-High%20Performance%20Fibre%20Reinforced%20Concrete" title=" Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete"> Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96546/design-and-production-of-thin-walled-uhpfrc-footbridge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14194</span> Equations of Pulse Propagation in Three-Layer Structure of As2S3 Chalcogenide Plasmonic Nano-Waveguides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Motamed-Jahromi">Leila Motamed-Jahromi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Hatami"> Mohsen Hatami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Keshavarz"> Alireza Keshavarz </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims at obtaining the equations of pulse propagation in nonlinear plasmonic waveguides created with As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> chalcogenide materials. Via utilizing Helmholtz equation and first-order perturbation theory, two components of electric field are determined within frequency domain. Afterwards, the equations are formulated in time domain. The obtained equations include two coupled differential equations that considers nonlinear dispersion<span dir="RTL">.</span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optics" title="nonlinear optics">nonlinear optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasmonic%20waveguide" title=" plasmonic waveguide"> plasmonic waveguide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chalcogenide" title=" chalcogenide"> chalcogenide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation%20equation" title=" propagation equation"> propagation equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52758/equations-of-pulse-propagation-in-three-layer-structure-of-as2s3-chalcogenide-plasmonic-nano-waveguides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14193</span> Structure Design of Vacuum Vessel with Large Openings for Spacecraft Thermal Vacuum Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Xiao">Han Xiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruan%20Qi"> Ruan Qi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Lei"> Zhang Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qi%20Yan"> Qi Yan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Space environment simulator is a facility used to conduct thermal test for spacecraft, and vacuum vessel is the main body of it. According to the requirements for thermal tests of the spacecraft and its solar array panels, the primary vessel and the side vessels are designed to be a combinative structure connected with aperture, which ratio reaches 0.7. Since the vacuum vessel suffers 0.1MPa external pressure during the process of thermal test, in order to ensure the simulator’s reliability and safety, it’s necessary to calculate the vacuum vessel’s intensity and stability. Based on the impact of large openings to vacuum vessel structure, this paper explored the reinforce design and analytical way of vacuum vessel with large openings, using a large space environment simulator’s vacuum vessel design as an example. Tests showed that the reinforce structure is effective to fulfill the requirements of external pressure and the gravity. This ensured the reliability of the space environment simulator, providing a guarantee for developing the spacecraft. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20vessel" title="vacuum vessel">vacuum vessel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20opening" title=" large opening"> large opening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20environment%20simulator" title=" space environment simulator"> space environment simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20design" title=" structure design"> structure design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10540/structure-design-of-vacuum-vessel-with-large-openings-for-spacecraft-thermal-vacuum-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14192</span> Risk Assessment in Construction of K-Span Buildings in United Arab Emirates (UAE)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imtiaz%20Ali">Imtiaz Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imam%20Mansoor"> Imam Mansoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Investigations as a part of the academic study were undertaken to identify and evaluate the significant risks associated with the construction of K-span buildings in the region of UAE. Primary field data was collected through questionnaires obtaining specific open and close-ended questions from carefully selected construction firms, civil engineers and, construction manager regarding risks associated to K-span building construction. Historical data available for other regions of the same construction technique was available which was compared for identifying various non-critical and critical risk parameters by comparative evaluation techniques to come up with important risks and potential sources for their control and minimization in K-Span buildings that is increasing in the region. The associated risks have been determined with their Relative Importance Index (RII) values of which Risk involved in Change of Design required by Owners carries the highest value (RII=0.79) whereas, Delayed Payment by Owner to Contractor is one of the least (RII=0.42) value. The overall findings suggest that most relative risks as quantified originate or associated with the contractors. It may be concluded that project proponents undertaking K-span projects in planning and budgeting the cost and delays should take into account of risks on high account if changes in design are also required any delays in the material by the supplier would then be a major risk in K-span project delay. Since projects are, less costly, so owners have limited budgets, then they hire small contractors, which are not highly competent contractors. So study suggests that owner should be aware of these types of risks associated with the construction of K-span buildings in order to make it cost effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-span%20buildings" title="k-span buildings">k-span buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-span%20construction" title=" k-span construction"> k-span construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20improvement%20index%20%28RII%29" title=" relative improvement index (RII)"> relative improvement index (RII)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52689/risk-assessment-in-construction-of-k-span-buildings-in-united-arab-emirates-uae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14191</span> The Side Effect of the Perforation Shape towards Behaviour Flexural in Castellated Beam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harrys%20Purnama">Harrys Purnama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wardatul%20Jannah"> Wardatul Jannah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizkia%20Nita%20Hawari"> Rizkia Nita Hawari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the development of the times, there are many materials used to plan a building structure. Steel became one of the most widely used materials in building construction that works as the main structure. Steel Castellated Beam is a type of innovation in the use of steel in building construction. Steel Castellated Beam is a beam that used for long span construction (more than 10 meters). The Castellated Beam is two steel profiles that unified into one to get the appropriate profile height (more than 10 meters). The profile is perforated to minimize the profile's weight, increase the rate, save costs, and have architectural value. The perforations shape in the Castellated Beam can be circular, elliptical, hexagonal, and rectangular. The Castellated beam has a height (h) almost 50% higher than the initial profile thus increasing the axial bending value and the moment of inertia (Iₓ). In this analysis, there are 3 specimens were used with 12.1 meters span of Castellated Beam as the sample with varied perforation, such us round, hexagon, and octagon. Castellated Beam testing system is done with computer-based applications that named Staad Pro V8i. It is to provide a central load in the middle of the steel beam span. It aims to determine the effect of perforation on bending behavior on the steel Castellated Beam by applying some form of perforations on the steel Castellated Beam with test specimen WF 200.100.5.5.8. From the analysis, results found the behavior of steel Castellated Beam when receiving such central load. From the results of the analysis will be obtained the amount of load, shear, strain, and Δ (deflection). The result of analysis by using Staad Pro V8i shows that with the different form of perforations on the profile of Castellated steel, then we get the different tendency of inertia moment. From the analysis, results obtained the moment of the greatest inertia can increase the stiffness of Castellated steel. By increasing the stiffness of the steel Castellated Beam the deflection will be smaller, so it can withstand the moment and a large strength. The results of the analysis show that the most effective and efficient perforations are the steel beam with a hexagon perforation shape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Castellated%20Beam" title="Castellated Beam">Castellated Beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20moment%20of%20inertia" title=" the moment of inertia"> the moment of inertia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deflection" title=" deflection"> deflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20test" title=" bending test"> bending test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90019/the-side-effect-of-the-perforation-shape-towards-behaviour-flexural-in-castellated-beam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14190</span> Increment of Panel Flutter Margin Using Adaptive Stiffeners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Raja">S. Raja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Parammasivam"> K. M. Parammasivam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Aghilesh"> V. Aghilesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluid-structure interaction is a crucial consideration in the design of many engineering systems such as flight vehicles and bridges. Aircraft lifting surfaces and turbine blades can fail due to oscillations caused by fluid-structure interaction. Hence, it is focussed to study the fluid-structure interaction in the present research. First, the effect of free vibration over the panel is studied. It is well known that the deformation of a panel and flow induced forces affects one another. The selected panel has a span 300mm, chord 300mm and thickness 2 mm. The project is to study, the effect of cross-sectional area and the stiffener location is carried out for the same panel. The stiffener spacing is varied along both the chordwise and span-wise direction. Then for that optimal location the ideal stiffener length is identified. The effect of stiffener cross-section shapes (T, I, Hat, Z) over flutter velocity has been conducted. The flutter velocities of the selected panel with two rectangular stiffeners of cantilever configuration are estimated using MSC NASTRAN software package. As the flow passes over the panel, deformation takes place which further changes the flow structure over it. With increasing velocity, the deformation goes on increasing, but the stiffness of the system tries to dampen the excitation and maintain equilibrium. But beyond a critical velocity, the system damping suddenly becomes ineffective, so it loses its equilibrium. This estimated in NASTRAN using PK method. The first 10 modal frequencies of a simple panel and stiffened panel are estimated numerically and are validated with open literature. A grid independence study is also carried out and the modal frequency values remain the same for element lengths less than 20 mm. The current investigation concludes that the span-wise stiffener placement is more effective than the chord-wise placement. The maximum flutter velocity achieved for chord-wise placement is 204 m/s while for a span-wise arrangement it is augmented to 963 m/s for the stiffeners location of ¼ and ¾ of the chord from the panel edge (50% of chord from either side of the mid-chord line). The flutter velocity is directly proportional to the stiffener cross-sectional area. A significant increment in flutter velocity from 218m/s to 1024m/s is observed for the stiffener lengths varying from 50% to 60% of the span. The maximum flutter velocity above Mach 3 is achieved. It is also observed that for a stiffened panel, the full effect of stiffener can be achieved only when the stiffener end is clamped. Stiffeners with Z cross section incremented the flutter velocity from 142m/s (Panel with no stiffener) to 328 m/s, which is 2.3 times that of simple panel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffener%20placement" title="stiffener placement">stiffener placement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffener%20cross-sectional%20area" title=" stiffener cross-sectional area"> stiffener cross-sectional area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffener%20length" title=" stiffener length"> stiffener length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffener%20cross%20sectional%20area%20shape" title=" stiffener cross sectional area shape"> stiffener cross sectional area shape</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52356/increment-of-panel-flutter-margin-using-adaptive-stiffeners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14189</span> Assessing the Effect of the Position of the Cavities on the Inner Plate of the Steel Shear Wall under Time History Dynamic Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Mahdavi">Masoud Mahdavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Farzaneh%20Moghadam"> Mojtaba Farzaneh Moghadam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The seismic forces caused by the waves created in the depths of the earth during the earthquake hit the structure and cause the building to vibrate<span dir="RTL">.</span> Creating large seismic forces will cause low-strength sections in the structure to suffer extensive surface damage. The use of new steel shear walls in steel structures has caused the strength of the building and its main members (columns) to increase due to the reduction and depreciation of seismic forces during earthquakes. In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate a type of steel shear wall that has regular holes in the inner sheet by modeling the finite element model with Abacus software. The shear wall of the steel plate, measuring 6000 × 3000 mm (one floor) and 3 mm thickness, was modeled with four different pores with a cross-sectional area. The shear wall was dynamically subjected to a time history of 5 seconds by three accelerators, El Centro, Imperial Valley and Kobe. The results showed that increasing the distance between the geometric center of the hole and the geometric center of the inner plate in the steel shear wall (increasing the R<sub>CS</sub> index) caused the total maximum acceleration to be transferred from the perimeter of the hole to horizontal and vertical beams. The results also show that there is no direct relationship between R<sub>CS</sub> index and total acceleration in steel shear wall and R<sub>CS</sub> index is separate from the peak ground acceleration value of earthquake. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20steel%20plate%20shear%20wall" title="hollow steel plate shear wall">hollow steel plate shear wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20history%20analysis" title=" time history analysis"> time history analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abaqus%20software" title=" abaqus software"> abaqus software</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127716/assessing-the-effect-of-the-position-of-the-cavities-on-the-inner-plate-of-the-steel-shear-wall-under-time-history-dynamic-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14188</span> A Study on Architectural Characteristics‎ of Traditional Iranian Ordinary Houses in Mashhad, Iran </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Daneshvar%20Salehi">Rana Daneshvar Salehi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In many Iranian cities including &lrm;&lrm;Mashhad&lrm;, the capital of &lrm;&lrm;&lrm;&lrm;Razavi Khorasan Province<span dir="RTL">&rlm;</span>&lrm;, &lrm;ordinary samples of domestic architecture &lrm;on a &lrm;<span dir="RTL">&rlm;</span>small scale is not &lrm;&lrm;&lrm;considered as &lrm;heritage. &lrm;While the &lrm;principals of house formation are &lrm;&lrm;respected in all &lrm;&lrm;traditional Iranian &lrm;&lrm;&lrm;&lrm;houses&lrm;; &lrm;from moderate to great ones. During the past decade, Mashhad has lost its identity, and has become a modern city. Identifying it as the capital of the Islamic Culture in 2017 by ISESCO and consequently looking for new developments and transfiguration caused to demolish a large &lrm;number &lrm;of &lrm;traditional modest habitation. &lrm;For this &lrm;reason, the present paper aims to introduce &lrm;the three &lrm;undiscovered houses with the &lrm;historical and monumental values located in the &lrm;oldest &lrm;neighborhoods of Mashhad which have been neglected in the cultural &lrm;heritage field. The preliminary phase of this approach will be a measured survey to identify the significant characteristics &lrm;of &lrm;selected dwellings and understand the challenges through focusing on building &lrm;form, orientation, &lrm;&lrm;room function, space proportion and ornamental elements’ details. A comparison between the &lrm;&lrm;case studies and the wealthy domestically buildings &lrm;presents that a house belongs to inhabitants &lrm;with an average income could introduce the same accurate, regular, harmonic and proportionate &lrm;design which can be found in the great mansions. It reveals that an ordinary traditional house can &lrm;be regarded as valuable construction not only for its historical characteristics but also &lrm;for its &lrm;aesthetical and architectural features that could avoid further destructions in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20ordinary%20house" title="traditional ordinary house">traditional ordinary house</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20characteristic" title=" architectural characteristic"> architectural characteristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proportion" title=" proportion"> proportion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage" title=" heritage"> heritage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93207/a-study-on-architectural-characteristics-of-traditional-iranian-ordinary-houses-in-mashhad-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14187</span> Ways to Define the Most Sustainable Actions for Water Shortage Prevention in Mega Cities, Especially in Developing Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keivan%20Karimlou">Keivan Karimlou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nemat%20Hassani"> Nemat Hassani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Rashidi%20Mehrabadi"> Abdollah Rashidi Mehrabadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change, industrial bloom, population growth and mismanagement are the most important factors that lead to water shortages around the world. Water shortages often lead to forced immigration, war, and thirst and hunger, especially in developing countries. One of the simplest solutions to solve the water shortage issues around the world is transferring water from one watershed to another; however it may not be a suitable solution. Water managers around the world use supply and demand management methods to decrease the incidence of water shortage in a sustainable manner. But as a matter of economic constraints, they must define a method to select the best possible action to reduce and limit water shortages. The following paper recognizes different kinds of criteria to select the best possible policy for reducing water shortage in mega cities <span dir="RTL">by </span>examining a comprehensive literature review<span dir="RTL">.</span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criteria" title="criteria">criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shortage" title=" shortage"> shortage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66727/ways-to-define-the-most-sustainable-actions-for-water-shortage-prevention-in-mega-cities-especially-in-developing-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14186</span> Analysis and Design of Irregular Large Cantilever Structure of Statue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pan%20Rui">Pan Rui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%20Jun"> Ma Jun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Caiqi"> Zhao Caiqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Guangda"> Wang Guangda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the development of the tourism and religion,more and more large statue structures are adopted to build all over the world.For instance,the GuanYin statue with three plane reaches 108 meters high in HaiNan province in China.These statue structures belong to typical high-rise Building. However,the geometry sculpt of statues are complicated .The irregular shape makes these structures more complicated in force analysis than those normal standard tall buildings.In this paper,the Liu Bang Statue which is located at XuZhou in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20statue%20structure" title="large statue structure">large statue structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special-shaped%20steel" title=" special-shaped steel"> special-shaped steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GuanYin%20statue" title=" GuanYin statue"> GuanYin statue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31037/analysis-and-design-of-irregular-large-cantilever-structure-of-statue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14185</span> Advanced Manufacturing Technology Adoption and Organizational Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Nyori%20Makari">George Nyori Makari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data on 92 industrial organizations point to the existence of relationships between advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) adoption and some aspects of organizational structure, including the number of specialized sub-units, the number of levels of authority, span of control, degree of role programming specification, degree of communication programming specification and the degree of output programming. Primary finding is that as the investments and integration of AMTs increases, the more likely the foregoing aspects of structure increase. The findings hold with size and a number of other organizational variables controlled. The results indicate that a company’s capacity to assimilate technology depends on its organizational capabilities. The study encapsulates the need for companies to increase their organizational capabilities during investment and integration of AMTs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20manufacturing%20technology" title="advanced manufacturing technology">advanced manufacturing technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adoption" title=" adoption"> adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20structure" title=" organizational structure"> organizational structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenya" title=" Kenya"> Kenya</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52446/advanced-manufacturing-technology-adoption-and-organizational-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14184</span> Statistical Analysis of Cables in Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ceshi%20Sun">Ceshi Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yueyu%20Zhao"> Yueyu Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaobing%20Zhao"> Yaobing Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiqiang%20Wang"> Zhiqiang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Peng"> Jian Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pengxin%20Guo"> Pengxin Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rapid development of transportation, there are more than 100 cable-stayed bridges with main span larger than 300 m in China. In order to ascertain the statistical relationships among the design parameters of stay cables and their distribution characteristics, 1500 cables were selected from 25 practical long-span cable-stayed bridges. A new relationship between the first order frequency and the length of cable was found by conducting the curve fitting. Then, based on this relationship other interesting relationships were deduced. Several probability density functions (PDFs) were used to investigate the distributions of the parameters of first order frequency, stress level and the Irvine parameter. It was found that these parameters obey the Lognormal distribution, the Weibull distribution and the generalized Pareto distribution, respectively. Scatter diagrams of the three parameters were plotted and their 95% confidence intervals were also investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable" title="cable">cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable-stayed%20bridge" title=" cable-stayed bridge"> cable-stayed bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-span" title=" long-span"> long-span</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20analysis" title=" statistical analysis"> statistical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12878/statistical-analysis-of-cables-in-long-span-cable-stayed-bridges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">633</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14183</span> The Porsche Pavilion in Wolfsburg, Germany</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Pasternak">H. Pasternak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Krausche"> T. Krausche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Porsche Pavilion is an innovative stainless steel construction using the principle, often used in ship and car design, as an advantage for building a light but stiff structure. The Pavilion is a one of a kind and outstanding construction that you can find. It fits right in the existing parts of the Autostadt within the lagoon landscape and was built in only eight months. With its curving lines and exiting bends the structure is an extraordinary work which was designed by Henn architects, Munich. The monocoque has a good balance between material and support structure. The stiffness is achieved by the upper and lower side sheathing plates and the intermediate formers. Also the roof shell has no joints and a smooth surface. The assembling of the structure requires a large time and effort cost due to many welds which are necessary to connect all section to one large shell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20welding" title="construction welding">construction welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhibition%20building" title=" exhibition building"> exhibition building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20steel%20construction" title=" light steel construction"> light steel construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monocoque" title=" monocoque"> monocoque</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2818/the-porsche-pavilion-in-wolfsburg-germany" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14182</span> Investigation of Wood Chips as Internal Carbon Source Supporting Denitrification Process in Domestic Wastewater Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruth%20Lorivi">Ruth Lorivi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianzheng%20Li"> Jianzheng Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20J.%20Ambuchi"> John J. Ambuchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaiwen%20Deng"> Kaiwen Deng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt"><span lang="EN-US">Nitrogen removal from wastewater is accomplished by nitrification and denitrification processes. Successful denitrification requires carbon, therefore, if placed after biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nitrification process, a carbon source has to be re-introduced into the water. To avoid adding a carbon source, denitrification is usually placed before BOD and nitrification processes. This process however involves recycling the nitrified effluent. In this study wood chips were used as internal carbon source which enabled placement of denitrification after BOD and nitrification process without effluent recycling. To investigate the efficiency of a wood packed aerobic-anaerobic baffled reactor on carbon and nutrients removal from domestic wastewater, a three compartment baffled reactor was presented. Each of the three compartments was packed with 329 g wood chips 1x1cm acting as an internal carbon source for denitrification. The proposed mode of operation was aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic (OAA) with no effluent recycling. The operating temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were 24 ± 2 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math", serif;">℃</span><span lang="EN-US">, 24 h, less than 4 mg/L and 7 ± 1 respectively. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) and total nitrogen (TN) attained was 99, 87 and 83% respectively. TN removal rate was limited by nitrification as 97% of ammonia converted into nitrate and nitrite was denitrified. These results show that application of wood chips in wastewater treatment processes is an efficient internal carbon source. </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerobic-anaerobic%20baffled%20reactor" title="aerobic-anaerobic baffled reactor">aerobic-anaerobic baffled reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denitrification" title=" denitrification"> denitrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrification" title=" nitrification"> nitrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20chip" title=" wood chip"> wood chip</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56243/investigation-of-wood-chips-as-internal-carbon-source-supporting-denitrification-process-in-domestic-wastewater-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14181</span> Damages of Highway Bridges in Thailand during the 2014-Chiang Rai Earthquake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajwanlop%20Kumpoopong">Rajwanlop Kumpoopong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukit%20Yindeesuk"> Sukit Yindeesuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pornchai%20Silarom"> Pornchai Silarom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On May 5, 2014, an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 Richter hit the Northern part of Thailand. The epicenter was in Phan District, Chiang Rai Province. This earthquake or the so-called 2014-Chiang Rai Earthquake is the strongest ground shaking that Thailand has ever been experienced in her modern history. The 2014-Chiang Rai Earthquake confirms the geological evidence, which has previously been ignored by most engineers, that earthquakes of considerable magnitudes 6 to 7 Richter can occurr within the country. This promptly stimulates authorized agencies to pay more attention at the safety of their assets and promotes the comprehensive review of seismic resistance design of their building structures. The focus of this paper is to summarize the damages of highway bridges as a result of the 2014-Chiang Rai ground shaking, the remedy actions, and the research needs. The 2014-Chiang Rai Earthquake caused considerable damages to nearby structures such as houses, schools, and temples. The ground shaking, however, caused damage to only one highway bridge, Mae Laos Bridge, located several kilometers away from the epicenter. The damage of Mae Laos Bridge was in the form of concrete spalling caused by pounding of cap beam on the deck structure. The damage occurred only at the end or abutment span. The damage caused by pounding is not a surprise, but the pounding by only one bridge requires further investigation and discussion. Mae Laos Bridge is a river crossing bridge with relatively large approach structure. In as much, the approach structure is confined by strong retaining walls. This results in a rigid-like approach structure which vibrates at the acceleration approximately equal to the ground acceleration during the earthquake and exerts a huge force to the abutment causing the pounding of cap beam on the deck structure. Other bridges nearby have relatively small approach structures, and therefore have no capability to generate pounding. The effect of mass of the approach structure on pounding of cap beam on the deck structure is also evident by the damage of one pedestrian bridge in front of Thanthong Wittaya School located 50 meters from Mae Laos Bridge. The width of the approach stair of this bridge is wider than the typical one to accommodate the stream of students during pre- and post-school times. This results in a relatively large mass of the approach stair which in turn exerts a huge force to the pier causing pounding of cap beam on the deck structure during ground shaking. No sign of pounding was observed for a typical pedestrian bridge located at another end of Mae Laos Bridge. Although pounding of cap beam on the deck structure of the above mentioned bridges does not cause serious damage to bridge structure, this incident promotes the comprehensive review of seismic resistance design of highway bridges in Thailand. Given a proper mass and confinement of the approach structure, the pounding of cap beam on the deck structure can be easily excited even at the low to moderate ground shaking. In as much, if the ground shaking becomes stronger, the pounding is certainly more powerful. This may cause the deck structure to be unseated and fall off in the case of unrestrained bridge. For the bridge with restrainer between cap beam and the deck structure, the restrainer may prevent the deck structure from falling off. However, preventing free movement of the pier by the restrainer may damage the pier itself. Most highway bridges in Thailand have dowel bars embedded connecting cap beam and the deck structure. The purpose of the existence of dowel bars is, however, not intended for any seismic resistance. Their ability to prevent the deck structure from unseating and their effect on the potential damage of the pier should be evaluated. In response to this expected situation, Thailand Department of Highways (DOH) has set up a team to revise the standard practices for the seismic resistance design of highway bridges in Thailand. In addition, DOH has also funded the research project 'Seismic Resistance Evaluation of Pre- and Post-Design Modifications of DOH’s Bridges' with the scope of full-scale tests of single span bridges under reversed cyclic static loadings for both longitudinal and transverse directions and computer simulations to evaluate the seismic performance of the existing bridges and the design modification bridges. The research is expected to start in October, 2015. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title="earthquake">earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highway%20bridge" title=" highway bridge"> highway bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title=" damage"> damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pounding" title=" pounding"> pounding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20resistance" title=" seismic resistance "> seismic resistance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16730/damages-of-highway-bridges-in-thailand-during-the-2014-chiang-rai-earthquake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a 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