Guide to ITU-R radio-wave propagation prediction methods

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style="margin-top:16px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="ms-rteTable-4" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr class="ms-rteTableHeaderRow-4"><th class="ms-rteTableHeaderEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="width:134px;">Method<br></th><th class="ms-rteTableHeaderOddCol-4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="width:9.09091%;">Title</th><th class="ms-rteTableHeaderEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="width:9.09091%;">Application</th><th class="ms-rteTableHeaderOddCol-4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="width:73px;">Type</th><th class="ms-rteTableHeaderEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="width:9.09091%;">Output</th><th class="ms-rteTableHeaderOddCol-4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="width:57px;">Frequency</th><th class="ms-rteTableHeaderEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="width:9.09091%;">Distance</th><th class="ms-rteTableHeaderOddCol-4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="width:9.09091%;">% time</th><th class="ms-rteTableHeaderEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="width:86px;">% location</th><th class="ms-rteTableHeaderOddCol-4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="width:9%;">Terminal height</th><th class="ms-rteTableHeaderEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="width:12%;">Input data</th></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.368</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4">Ground-wave propagation curves for frequencies between 10 kHz and 30 MHz </td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4">All services</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4">Field strength</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" style="width:57px;">10 kHz to 30 MHz</td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4">1 to 10 000 km</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4">Not applicable</td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" style="width:86px;">Not applicable</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" style="width:9%;">Ground-based<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" style="width:12%;">Frequency <br>Ground conductivity</td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.452<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4">Prediction procedure for the evaluation of interference between stations on the surface of the Earth at frequencies above about 0.1 GHz</td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4">Services employing stations on the surface of the Earth; interference </td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4">Basic transmission loss</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" style="width:57px;">100 MHz to 50 GHz</td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4">Not specified but up to and beyond the radio horizon</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4">0.001 to 50<br> Average year and worst month<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" style="width:86px;">Not applicable</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" style="width:9%;">No limits specified, within the surface layer of the atmosphere.<br> (Not suitable for aeronautical applications)</td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" style="width:12%;"><p style="text-align:left;">Path profile data<br> Frequency<br> Percentage time<br> Tx antenna height<br> Rx antenna height<br> Latitude and longitude <br>of Tx<br> Latitude and longitude of Rx Meteorological data</p><p>Polarization</p></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.528</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4">Propagation curves for aeronautical mobile and radionavigation services using the VHF, UHF and SHF bands </td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4">Aeronautical<br> mobile</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" style="width:73px;">Point-to-area</td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4">Basic transmission loss</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" style="width:57px;">100 MHz to 30 GHz</td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4">Not specified but up to and beyond the radio horizon<br> For aeronautical applications 0 km great circle distance does not mean 0 km path length.</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4">1 to 99</td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" style="width:86px;">Not applicable</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" style="width:9%;">Terminal heights: 1.5 - 20 000 m</td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" style="width:12%;">Distance<br> Tx height<br> Frequency<br> Rx height<br> Percentage time<br> Polarization</td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.530<br><br><br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4">Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems</td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4">Line-of-sight fixed links</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point line-of-sight</td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4">Propagation loss<br> Diversity improvement (clear air conditions)<br> XPD<sup>(2)</sup><br> Outage<br> Error performance</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" style="width:57px;">Approximately<br> 150 MHz to <br>100 GHz</td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4">Up to 200 km if line-of-sight</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4"><p>All percentages of time in clear‑air conditions;<br> 1 to 0.001 in<br> precipitation conditions<sup>(1)</sup></p><p>And worst month for attenuation</p></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" style="width:86px;">Not applicable</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" style="width:9%;">High enough to ensure specified path clearance</td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" style="width:12%;">Distance<br> Tx height<br> Frequency<br> Rx height<br> Percentage time<br> Path obstruction data<br> Climate data<br> Terrain information<br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.533<br><br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Method for the prediction of the performance of HF circuits<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Broadcasting Fixed Mobile <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Basic MUF Sky wave  field strength Available receiver  power Signal-to-noise ratio LUF Circuit reliability <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">2 to 30 MHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">0 to 40 000 km<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">All percentages<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Latitude and longitude of Tx Latitude and longitude of Rx Sunspot number Month Time(s) of day Frequencies Tx power Tx antenna type Rx antenna type <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.534<br><br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Method for calculating sporadic-E field strength<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Fixed Mobile Broadcasting <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point via sporadic E <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Field strength<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">30 to 100 MHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">0 to 4 000 km<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">0.1 to 50<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Distance Frequency <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.617<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Propagation prediction techniques and data required for the design of trans-horizon radio-relay systems<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Trans-horizon fixed links<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Basic transmission loss<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">> 30 MHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">100 to 1 000 km<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">0.001 to 99.999<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">No limits specified within the surface layer of the <br>atmosphere. (Not suitable for aeronautical applications) <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Frequency <br>Tx antenna gain Rx antenna gain Path geometry <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.618<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of Earth-space telecommunication systems <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Satellite<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Propagation loss Diversity gain and (for precipitation condition) XPD<sup>(2)</sup><br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">1 to 55 GHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Any practical orbit height<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">0.001-5 for rain attenuation; 0.001-50 for total attenuation, 0.001-1 for  XPD<sup>(2)</sup> Also  worst month for  attenuation <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">No limit<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Meteorological data Frequency Elevation angle Height of earth station Separation and angle between earth station sites (for diversity gain) Antenna diameter and efficiency (for scintillation) Polarization angle (for XPD<sup>(2)</sup>) <br><br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.619<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Propagation Data Required for the Evaluation of Interference Between Stations in Space and those on the Surface of the Earth<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Satellite<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Basic transmission loss for single-entry interference Clear-air basic transmission loss for multiple-entry interference <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">0.1 to 100 GHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Any practical orbit height<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">0.001 to 50<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">No limit<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Frequency Earth-station elevation angle Angular path separation Path length Gaseous attenuation Scintillation “gain” Maximum allowed attenuation of the wanted signal <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.620<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Propagation data required for the evaluation of coordination distances in the frequency range 100 MHz to 105 GHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Earth station frequency coordination<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Coordination distance<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Distance of which the required propagation loss is achieved<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">100 MHz to 105 GHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Up to 1 200 km<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">0.001 to 50<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">No limits specified within the surface layer of the atmosphere. (Not suitable for aeronautical applications) <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Minimum basic transmission loss Frequency Percentage of time Earth-station elevation angle <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;"><br>Rec. ITU-R P.678<br><br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Characterization of the variability of propagation phenomena and estimation of the risk associated with propagation margin<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Rain rate models Satellite <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Variability of propagation phenomena<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">12 to 50 GHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Any practical orbit height<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">0.01-2 for rainfall rate and rain attenuation along slant paths<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">No limit<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Probability of exceedance<br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.679<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Propagation data required for the design of broadcasting-satellite systems<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Broadcast satellite<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-area<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Excess basic transmission loss Effect of local environment <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">0.5 to 5.1 GHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Any practical orbit height<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">No limits specified<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">No limits specified<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Frequency Elevation angle Features of local environment <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.680<br><br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Propagation data required for the design of Earth-space maritime mobile telecommunication systems<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Maritime mobile satellite<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Sea-surface fading Fade duration Interference (adjacent satellite) <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">0.8-8 GHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Any practical orbit height<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">To 0.001% via Rice-Nakagami distribution Limit of 0.01% for interference<sup>(1)</sup><br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">No limit<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Frequency Elevation angle Maximum antenna boresight gain <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.681<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Propagation data required for the design of Earth-space land mobile telecommunication systems<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Land mobile satellite<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Path fading Fade duration Non-fade duration <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">0.8 to 20 GHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Any practical orbit height<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Not applicable Percentage of distance travelled 1 to 80%<sup>(1) </sup> <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">No limit<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Frequency Elevation angle Percentage of distance travelled Approximate level of optical shadowing <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;"><br>Rec. ITU-R P.682<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Propagation data required for the design of Earth-space aeronautical mobile telecommunication systems<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Aeronautical mobile satellite<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Sea surface fading Multipath from ground and aircraft during landing <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">1 to 2 GHz (sea-surface fading) <br>1 to 3 GHz (multipath from ground) <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Any practical orbit height<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">To 0.001% via Rice-Nakagami distribution<sup>(1)</sup><br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">No limit for sea-surface fading Up to 1 km for ground reflection during landing <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Frequency Elevation angle Polarization Maximum antenna boresight gain Antenna height <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.684<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Prediction of field strength at frequencies below about 150 kHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Fixed Mobile <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point Point-to-area <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Sky wave field strength<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">30 to 150 kHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">0 to 16 000 km<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">50<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Latitude and longitude of Tx Latitude and longitude of Rx Distance <br>Tx power Frequency Ground constants  Season <br>Sunspot number Hour of day <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.843<br><br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Communication by meteor-burst propagation<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Fixed Mobile Broadcasting <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point via meteor burst<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Received power Burst rate <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">30 to 100 MHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">100 to 1 000 km<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">0 to 5<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Frequency Distance <br>Tx power Antenna gains <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.1147<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Prediction of sky-wave field strength at frequencies between about 150 and 1 700 kHz <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Broadcasting<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-area <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Sky-wave field strength<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">0.15 to 1.7 MHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">50 to 12 000 km<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">1, 10, 50<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Latitude and longitude of Tx Latitude and longitude of Rx Distance Sunspot number Tx power Frequency <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.1238<br><br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Propagation data and prediction methods for the planning of indoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Mobile RLAN <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">In building propagation methods<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Basic transmission loss <br>Delay spread <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">300 MHz to 450 GHz <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Within buildings<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">Base: about 2-3 m Mobile: about 0.5-3 m <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Frequency Distance <br>Floor and wall factors <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.1410<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial broadband radio access systems operating in a frequency range from 3 to 60 GHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Broadband radio access<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-area<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Coverage Temporal coverage reduction due to rain <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">3 to 60 GHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">0-5 km<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">0.001 to 1 (for calculating reduction in coverage due to rain)<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Up to 100<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">No limit; <br>0-300 m  (typical)<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Frequency <br>Cell size Terminal heights Building height statistical parameters <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.1411<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Propagation data and prediction methods for the planning of short-range outdoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Mobile<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Short-path propagation methods<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Basic transmission loss Delay spread <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">300 MHz to 100 GHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">< 1 km<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">Base: about 4-50 m Mobile: about 0.5 3 m <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Frequency Distance <br>Street dimensions Structure heights <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.1546<br><br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Method for point-to-area predictions for terrestrial services in the frequency range 30 MHz to 4 000 MHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Terrestrial services<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-area<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Field strength<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">30 to 4 000 MHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">1 to 1 000 km<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">1 to 50<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">1 to 99<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;"><em>Tx/base</em>: effective  height from less than <br>0 m to <br>3 000 m<br><em>Rx/mobile</em>:<br><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:symbol;">³</span> 1m <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Terrain height and ground cover (optional) Path classification Distance <br>Tx antenna height Frequency Percentage time Rx antenna  height <br>Terrain clearance angle <br>Percentage locations Refractivity gradient <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.1622<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Prediction methods required for the design of Earth-space systems operating between 20 THz and 375 THz <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Satellite optical links<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Absorption loss Scattering loss Background noise Amplitude scintillation Angle of arrival <br>Beam wander Beam spreading <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">20 to 375 THz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Far-field Earth-to-space optical links<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">No limit<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Wavelength Terminal height Elevation angle Turbulence structure parameter <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.1623<br><br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Prediction method of fade dynamics on Earth-space paths <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Satellite<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Fade duration, fade slope<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">10 to 50 GHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Any practical orbit height<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">No limit<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Frequency Elevation angle Attenuation threshold <br>Filter bandwidth <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.1812<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">A path-specific propagation prediction method for point-to-area terrestrial services in the frequency range 30 MHz to 6 000 MHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Terrestrial services<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-area<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Field strength<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">30 MHz to 6 000 MHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Not specified but up to and beyond the radio horizon<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">1 to 50<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">1 to 99<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">No limits specified, within the surface layer of the atmosphere. (Not suitable for aeronautical applications) <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Path profile data Frequency Percentage time Tx antenna height <br>Rx antenna height <br>Latitude and longitude of Tx Latitude and longitude of Rx Meteorological data Polarization <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.1814<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial free-space optical links<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Terrestrial optical links<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Absorption loss Scattering loss Background noise Amplitude scintillation Beam spreading <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">20 to 375 THz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">No limit<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">No limit<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Wavelength Visibility (in fog) Path length Turbulence structure parameter <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.1853<br><br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Tropospheric attenuation time series synthesis<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Terrestrial satellite <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Rain attenuation for terrestrial paths Total attenuation and tropospheric scintillation for Earth-space paths <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">4 to 40 GHz for terrestrial paths 4 to 55 GHz for Earth-space paths <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Between 2 and 60 km for terrestrial paths GEO satellite <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">No limit<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Meteorological data Frequency Elevation angle Height of earth station Separation and angle between earth station sites (for diversity gain) Antenna diameter and efficiency (for scintillation) <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.2001<br><br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">A general purpose wide-range terrestrial propagation model in the frequency range 30 MHz to 50 GHz <br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Terrestrial services<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Basic transmission loss<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">30 MHz to 50 GHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">3 to 1 000 km<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">0.001 to 99.999<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">< 8000 m above m.s.l. but near the ground, within the troposphere<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Path profile data Frequency Percentage time Tx antenna height, gain and azimuthal direction <br>Rx antenna height, gain and azimuthal direction <br>Latitude and longitude of Tx Latitude and longitude of Rx Polarization <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:134px;">Rec. ITU-R P.2041<br><br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">Prediction of path attenuation on links between an airborne platform and Space and between an airborne platform and the surface of the Earth<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Airborne</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:73px;">Point-to-point<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Total attenuation<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:57px;">1 to 55 GHz<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1">Any height<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1">0.001 to 50<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:86px;">Not applicable<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:9%;">Between the surface of the Earth and space<br></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" style="width:12%;">Meteorological data Frequency Elevation angle Availability Height of airborne platform <br>Antenna diameter and efficiency (for scintillation) <br></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-4"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-4" rowspan="1" colspan="11" style="width:134px;"><sup>(1)</sup> Time percentage of outage; for service availability, subtract value from 100.<br><sup>(2)</sup> XPD: Cross-polarization discrimination.<br></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <style> .contentNew ul { padding:0px !important; } .contentNew ul li { list-style-type:none !important; } </style><br></div> </div> <div class="content-webpart"> <menu class="ms-hide"> <ie:menuitem id="MSOMenu_Help" iconsrc="/_layouts/15/images/HelpIcon.gif" onmenuclick="MSOWebPartPage_SetNewWindowLocation(MenuWebPart.getAttribute('helpLink'), MenuWebPart.getAttribute('helpMode'))" text="Help" type="option" style="display:none"> </ie:menuitem> </menu> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row contentNew _invisibleIfEmpty">  <div class="col-32"> <div class="col-16 col-first _invisibleIfEmpty"> <div class="module 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Guide to ITU-R radio-wave propagation prediction methods