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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div 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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生平-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生平子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-波兰时期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#波兰时期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>波兰时期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-波兰时期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-德国时期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#德国时期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>德国时期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-德国时期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-一战前后" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#一战前后"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>一战前后</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-一战前后-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-德国革命时期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#德国革命时期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>德国革命时期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-德国革命时期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-纪念" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#纪念"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>纪念</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-纪念-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-遺體身分争议" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#遺體身分争议"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>遺體身分争议</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-遺體身分争议-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">羅莎·盧森堡</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。132种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-132" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">132种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburgo" title="Rosa Luxemburgo – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rosa Luxemburgo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC" title="रोज़ा लक्सेम्बर्ग़ – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रोज़ा लक्सेम्बर्ग़" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="روزا لوكسمبورغ – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روزا لوكسمبورغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="روزا لوكسيمبورج – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روزا لوكسيمبورج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC" title="रोजा लक्सेम्बर्ग़ – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रोजा लक्सेम्बर्ग़" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roza_L%C3%BCksemburq" title="Roza Lüksemburq – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Roza Lüksemburq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82" title="روزا لوکزامبورق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روزا لوکزامبورق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роза Люксембург – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Роза Люксембург" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роза Люксембург – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Роза Люксембург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роза Люксэмбург – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Роза Люксэмбург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роза Люксембург – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Роза Люксембург" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="রোসা লুক্সেমবুর্গ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোসা লুক্সেমবুর্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роза Люксембург – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Роза Люксембург" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Люксембург, Роза – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Люксембург, Роза" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="ڕۆزا لوکسەمبورگ – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆزا لوکسەمبورگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburgov%C3%A1" title="Rosa Luxemburgová – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rosa Luxemburgová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%B6%CE%B1_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Ρόζα Λούξεμπουργκ – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρόζα Λούξεμπουργκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roza_Luksemburg" title="Roza Luksemburg – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Roza Luksemburg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburgo" title="Rosa Luxemburgo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rosa Luxemburgo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="رزا لوکزامبورگ – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رزا لوکزامبورگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburgo" title="Rosa Luxemburgo – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rosa Luxemburgo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="רוזה לוקסמבורג – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוזה לוקסמבורג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="रोज़ा लुक्सेम्बुर्ग – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोज़ा लुक्सेम्बुर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%A1_%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Ռոզա Լյուքսեմբուրգ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոզա Լյուքսեմբուրգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF" title="ローザ・ルクセンブルク – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ローザ・ルクセンブルク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="როზა ლუქსემბურგი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="როზა ლუქსემბურგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роза Люксембург – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Роза Люксембург" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%9E%90_%EB%A3%A9%EC%85%88%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="로자 룩셈부르크 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로자 룩셈부르크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роза Люксембург – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Роза Люксембург" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reusa_Luxemburg" title="Reusa Luxemburg – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Reusa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roza_Luksemburga" title="Roza Luksemburga – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Roza Luksemburga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC" title="रोजा लक्सेम्बर्ग़ – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रोजा लक्सेम्बर्ग़" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роза Луксембург – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Роза Луксембург" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="റോസ ലക്സംബർഗ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോസ ലക്സംബർഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роза Люксембург – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Роза Люксембург" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="रोझा लक्झेंबर्ग – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रोझा लक्झेंबर्ग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роза Люксембург – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Роза Люксембург" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="रोजा लुक्सम्बर्ग – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रोजा लुक्सम्बर्ग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="रोजा लक्जेम्बर्ग – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रोजा लक्जेम्बर्ग" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%C3%A6" title="Люксембург, Розæ – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Люксембург, Розæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਰੋਜ਼ਾ ਲਕਸਮਬਰਗ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੋਜ਼ਾ ਲਕਸਮਬਰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Luksemburg" title="Róża Luksemburg – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Róża Luksemburg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="روزا لکسمبرگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روزا لکسمبرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AB" title="روزا لوکزامبورګ – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روزا لوکزامبورګ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburgo" title="Rosa Luxemburgo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rosa Luxemburgo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Люксембург, Роза – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Люксембург, Роза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D2%91" title="Роза Луксембурґ – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Роза Луксембурґ" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="रोजा लक्जेम्बर्ग – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रोजा लक्जेम्बर्ग" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburgov%C3%A1" title="Rosa Luxemburgová – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rosa Luxemburgová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roza_Luksemburg" title="Roza Luksemburg – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Roza Luksemburg" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роза Луксембург – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Роза Луксембург" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="ரோசா லக்சம்பேர்க் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரோசா லக்சம்பேர்க்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84" title="โรซา ลุคเซิมบวร์ค – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โรซา ลุคเซิมบวร์ค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роза Люксембург – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Роза Люксембург" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роза Люксембург – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роза Люксембург" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="روزا لکسمبرگ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روزا لکسمبرگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCksemburg_Roza" title="Lüksemburg Roza – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Lüksemburg Roza" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="罗莎·卢森堡 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗莎·卢森堡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="როზა ლუქსემბურგი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="როზა ლუქსემბურგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%96%D7%90_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="ראזא לוקסעמבורג – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ראזא לוקסעמבורג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="羅莎盧森堡 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="羅莎盧森堡" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Rosa Luxemburg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="羅莎盧森堡 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅莎盧森堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7231#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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<div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="罗莎·卢森堡">罗莎·卢森堡</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 120%;"><span class="fn">羅莎·盧森堡</span><br /><span class="nickname" style="font-size:small;"><span lang="de">Rosa Luxemburg</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosa_Luxemburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rosa_Luxemburg.jpg/220px-Rosa_Luxemburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rosa_Luxemburg.jpg/330px-Rosa_Luxemburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rosa_Luxemburg.jpg/440px-Rosa_Luxemburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5044" data-file-height="7592" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;">个人资料</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1871年3月5日<br /><span class="birthplace"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯帝国">俄罗斯帝国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="波蘭會議王國">波兰会议王国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E8%8E%AB%E5%B8%8C%E5%A5%87" title="扎莫希奇">扎莫希奇</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1919年1月15日<span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1919歲—01—15</span>)</span>（47歲）<br /><span class="deathplace"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E7%91%AA%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="魏瑪共和國">魏瑪共和國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">国籍</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯帝国">俄罗斯帝国</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">公民权</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E7%91%AA%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="魏瑪共和國">德国</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">政党</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%85%9A%E2%80%9C%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E2%80%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="国际社会革命党“无产阶级”">国际社会革命党“无产阶级”</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="波兰王国和立陶宛社会民主党">波兰王国和立陶宛社会民主党</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="德国社会民主党">德国社会民主党</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="德国独立社会民主党">德国独立社会民主党</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="斯巴达克同盟">斯巴达克同盟</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="德国共产党">德国共产党</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">配偶</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">古斯塔夫·吕贝克</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">伴侣</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E5%9F%BA%E5%B8%8C%E6%96%AF" title="列奥·约基希斯">列奥·约基希斯</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">亲属</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Eliasz Luxemburg（父）<br />Line Löwenstein （母）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E6%A0%A1" title="母校">母校</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%BB%8E%E4%B8%96%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="苏黎世大学">苏黎世大学</a>（1897年，获得法学博士学位）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">宗教信仰</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论">无神论</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #B60000;border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Category:社会主义">系列</a>条目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0; background:#FF2010; font-size:200%; font-weight:normal; color:#B60000"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社会主义"><span class="skin-invert" style="color:white;">社会主义</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%97%97" title="红旗"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/75px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/113px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/150px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60000; text-align:center;">发展</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E8%92%99%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="啟蒙時代">啟蒙時代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="法国大革命">法国大革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="社会主义历史">社会主义历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848%E5%B9%B4%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="1848年革命">1848年革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%BA" title="社会主义计算争论">社会主义计算争论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="社会主义政治经济学">社会主义经济学</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60000; text-align:center;">思想</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="实物计算" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Calculation in kind"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9E%E7%89%A9%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="实物计算（页面不存在）">实物计算</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculation_in_kind" class="extiw" title="en:Calculation in kind"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Calculation in kind</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="集体所有制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Collective ownership"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%86%E4%BD%93%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="集体所有制（页面不存在）">集体所有制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_ownership" class="extiw" title="en:Collective ownership"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Collective ownership</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%A4%BE" title="合作社">合作社</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%89%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="公有制">公有制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%A4%BE%E5%88%B6" title="公社制">公社制</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="经济民主" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economic democracy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="经济民主（页面不存在）">经济民主</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_democracy" class="extiw" title="en:Economic democracy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economic democracy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="经济规划" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economic planning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="经济规划（页面不存在）">经济规划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_planning" class="extiw" title="en:Economic planning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economic planning</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="平等的自由的原则" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Law of equal liberty"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89%E7%9A%84%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平等的自由的原则（页面不存在）">平等的自由</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_equal_liberty" class="extiw" title="en:Law of equal liberty"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Law of equal liberty</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E4%BC%9A%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89" title="机会平等">机会平等</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由人联合体 (马克思主义及无政府主义)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Free association (Marxism and anarchism)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%BA%BA%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BD%93_(%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8F%8A%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由人联合体 (马克思主义及无政府主义)（页面不存在）">自由人联合体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_association_(Marxism_and_anarchism)" class="extiw" title="en:Free association (Marxism and anarchism)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Free association (Marxism and anarchism)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="左翼市场无政府主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Left-wing market anarchism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="左翼市场无政府主义（页面不存在）">左翼自由市场</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-wing_market_anarchism" class="extiw" title="en:Left-wing market anarchism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Left-wing market anarchism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="產業民主">產業民主</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="投入产出模型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Input–output model"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%95%E5%85%A5%E4%BA%A7%E5%87%BA%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="投入产出模型（页面不存在）">投入产出模型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input%E2%80%93output_model" class="extiw" title="en:Input–output model"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Input–output model</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="国际主义">国际主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="劳动时间计算" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Labor-time calculation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劳动时间计算（页面不存在）">劳动时间计算</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor-time_calculation" class="extiw" title="en:Labor-time calculation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Labor-time calculation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%88%86%E5%88%B6" title="工分制">工分制</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="物資平衡計畫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Material balance planning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%87%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物資平衡計畫（页面不存在）">物資平衡計畫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_balance_planning" class="extiw" title="en:Material balance planning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Material balance planning</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="点对点经济" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peer‑to‑peer economics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%B9%E7%82%B9%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="点对点经济（页面不存在）">点对点经济</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer%E2%80%91to%E2%80%91peer_economics" class="extiw" title="en:Peer‑to‑peer economics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peer‑to‑peer economics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="为使用而生产" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Production for use"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%BA%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%8C%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="为使用而生产（页面不存在）">为使用而生产</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_for_use" class="extiw" title="en:Production for use"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Production for use</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="共享經濟">共享經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会分红" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Social dividend"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%86%E7%BA%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会分红（页面不存在）">社会分红</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_dividend" class="extiw" title="en:Social dividend"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Social dividend</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会占有" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Social ownership"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8D%A0%E6%9C%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会占有（页面不存在）">社会占有</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_ownership" class="extiw" title="en:Social ownership"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Social ownership</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="一国社会主义">一国社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="社會主義社會">社會主義社會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%89%E5%8B%9E%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D" title="按勞分配">按勞分配</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E7%9B%A1%E6%89%80%E8%83%BD%E3%80%81%E5%90%84%E5%8F%96%E6%89%80%E9%9C%80" title="各盡所能、各取所需">按需分配</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB" title="工人自治">工人自治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%B6%88%E4%BA%A1" title="国家消亡">國家消亡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="车间民主" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Workplace democracy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%A6%E9%97%B4%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="车间民主（页面不存在）">车间民主</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workplace_democracy" class="extiw" title="en:Workplace democracy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Workplace democracy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60000; text-align:center;">经济模型</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="計劃經濟">社会主义计划经济</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="分权计划经济" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Decentralized planning (economics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E6%9D%83%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分权计划经济（页面不存在）">分权计划经济</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralized_planning_(economics)" class="extiw" title="en:Decentralized planning (economics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Decentralized planning (economics)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="包容性民主" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Inclusive Democracy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%85%E5%AE%B9%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="包容性民主（页面不存在）">包容性民主</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusive_Democracy" class="extiw" title="en:Inclusive Democracy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Inclusive Democracy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGAS" title="OGAS">OGAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E5%8D%9A%E5%8D%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="赛博协同控制工程">赛博协同控制工程</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏式计划经济" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soviet-type economic planning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E5%BC%8F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏式计划经济（页面不存在）">苏式计划经济</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet-type_economic_planning" class="extiw" title="en:Soviet-type economic planning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soviet-type economic planning</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="市场社会主义">市场社会主义</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E6%A0%BC%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="兰格模型">兰格模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E8%AB%96_(%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96)" class="mw-redirect" title="互助論 (經濟學理論)">互助主义经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="社会主义市场经济">社会主义市场经济</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会主义方向市场经济" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialist-oriented market economy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会主义方向市场经济（页面不存在）">社会主义方向市场经济</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-oriented_market_economy" class="extiw" title="en:Socialist-oriented market economy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialist-oriented market economy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%A4%BE%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="公社主义">公社社会主义</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E%E5%9E%8B%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="参与型经济">参与型经济</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60000; text-align:center;">分支</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="21世纪社会主义">21世纪社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="非洲社会主义">非洲社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="阿拉伯社会主义">阿拉伯社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="农业社会主义">农业社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="无政府主义">无政府主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%9D%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="威权社会主义">威权社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="宗教社会主义">宗教社会主义</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="佛教社会主义">佛教社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="基督教社會主義">基督教社會主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="伊斯兰社会主义">伊斯兰社会主义</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97%E5%9F%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="布朗基主义">布朗基主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="中国特色社会主义">中国特色社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="资产阶级社会主义">保守社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="共产主义">共产主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="民主社会主义">民主社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="伦理社会主义">伦理社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="生態社會主義">生態社會主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%A5%B3%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="社会主义女权主义">社会主义女权主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E7%AB%8B%E5%8F%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="傅立叶主义">傅立叶主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由市场无政府主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Free-market anarchism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E7%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="自由市場無政府主義">自由市场无政府主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-market_anarchism" class="extiw" title="en:Free-market anarchism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Free-market anarchism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E5%9C%B0%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="甘地社会主义">甘地社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="行会社会主义">基尔特社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%94%BE%E4%BB%BB" title="自由放任">自由放任主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="自由社会主义">自由社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="自由意志社會主義">自由意志社會主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马尔哈恩主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marhaenism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%93%88%E6%81%A9%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马尔哈恩主義（页面不存在）">马尔哈恩主義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marhaenism" class="extiw" title="en:Marhaenism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marhaenism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="马克思主义">马克思主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="市镇社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Municipal socialism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%82%E9%95%87%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="市镇社会主义（页面不存在）">市镇社会主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_socialism" class="extiw" title="en:Municipal socialism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Municipal socialism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="左翼民族主義">左翼民族主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="欧文主义">欧文主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E8%89%AF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="改良主义">改良主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="革命社會主義">革命社會主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%98%89%E5%9B%BE%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="李嘉图社会主义">李嘉图社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%A5%BF%E9%97%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="圣西门主义">圣西门主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="科学社会主义">科学社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="社會民主主義">社會民主主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%89%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="國有社會主義">國有社會主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%9B%A2%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="工团主义">工团主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="第三世界社会主义">第三世界社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%83%B3%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="空想社会主义">空想社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="勞工錫安主義">勞工錫安主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%85%8B%E9%B2%81%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="恩克鲁玛主义">恩克鲁玛主义</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60000; text-align:center;">各地区</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿根廷社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in Argentina"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿根廷社会主义（页面不存在）">阿根廷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_Argentina" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in Argentina"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in Argentina</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥地利社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in Australia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥地利社会主义（页面不存在）">奥地利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_Australia" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in Australia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in Australia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="孟加拉国社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in Bangladesh"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孟加拉国社会主义（页面不存在）">孟加拉国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_Bangladesh" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in Bangladesh"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in Bangladesh</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴西社会主义运动史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the socialist movement in Brazil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴西社会主义运动史（页面不存在）">巴西</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_Brazil" class="extiw" title="en:History of the socialist movement in Brazil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the socialist movement in Brazil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加拿大社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in Canada"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加拿大社会主义（页面不存在）">加拿大</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_Canada" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in Canada"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in Canada</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>中国 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81" title="中国共产党的意识形态">中国共产党</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" title="中国国民党的社会主义思想">中国国民党</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="爱沙尼亚社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in Estonia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="爱沙尼亚社会主义（页面不存在）">爱沙尼亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_Estonia" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in Estonia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in Estonia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="希腊社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in Greece"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希腊社会主义（页面不存在）">希腊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_Greece" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in Greece"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in Greece</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="香港社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in Hong Kong"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="香港社会主义（页面不存在）">香港</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_Hong_Kong" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in Hong Kong"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in Hong Kong</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in India"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度社会主义（页面不存在）">印度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_India" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in India"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in India</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊朗社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in Iran"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊朗社会主义（页面不存在）">伊朗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_Iran" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in Iran"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in Iran</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in Italy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利社会主义（页面不存在）">意大利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_Italy" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in Italy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in Italy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼德兰社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼德兰社会主义（页面不存在）">尼德兰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in the Netherlands</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新西兰社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in New Zealand"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新西兰社会主义（页面不存在）">新西兰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_New_Zealand" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in New Zealand"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in New Zealand</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴基斯坦社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in Pakistan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴基斯坦社会主义（页面不存在）">巴基斯坦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_Pakistan" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in Pakistan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in Pakistan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯里兰卡社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in Sri Lanka"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯里兰卡社会主义（页面不存在）">斯里兰卡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_Sri_Lanka" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in Sri Lanka"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in Sri Lanka</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="突尼斯社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in Tunisia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="突尼斯社会主义（页面不存在）">突尼斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_Tunisia" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in Tunisia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in Tunisia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英国社会主义运动史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英国社会主义运动史（页面不存在）">英国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国社会主义运动史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the socialist movement in the United States"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国社会主义运动史（页面不存在）">美国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="en:History of the socialist movement in the United States"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the socialist movement in the United States</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="越南社会主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialism in Vietnam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="越南社会主义（页面不存在）">越南</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_in_Vietnam" class="extiw" title="en:Socialism in Vietnam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialism in Vietnam</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会主义自治" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Socialist self-management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会主义自治（页面不存在）">南斯拉夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_self-management" class="extiw" title="en:Socialist self-management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Socialist self-management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60000; text-align:center;">人物</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94" title="托马斯·莫尔">莫尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%97%B5%E9%87%87%E5%B0%94" title="托马斯·闵采尔">闵采尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%B8%95%E5%86%85%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="康帕内拉">康帕内拉</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="查尔斯·霍尔 (经济学家)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Charles Hall (economist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94_(%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="查尔斯·霍尔 (经济学家)（页面不存在）">霍尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hall_(economist)" class="extiw" title="en:Charles Hall (economist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Charles Hall (economist)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%8E%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="温斯坦莱">温斯坦莱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%8E%B1%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="摩莱里">摩莱里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E8%AF%BA%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%83%E5%88%A9" title="加布里埃尔·博诺·马布利">马布利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%9C%A3%E8%A5%BF%E9%97%A8" title="亨利·德·圣西门">圣西门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%B2%81" title="雅克·鲁">雅克·鲁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6-%E8%AF%BA%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E8%B4%9D%E5%A4%AB" title="弗朗索瓦-诺埃尔·巴贝夫">巴貝夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E6%96%87" title="罗伯特·欧文">欧文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%82%85%E7%AB%8B%E5%8F%B6" title="夏尔·傅立叶">傅立叶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%B1%A4%E6%99%AE%E9%80%8A_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="威廉·汤普逊 (哲学家)">湯普遜</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="托马斯·霍吉斯金" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Thomas Hodgskin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E9%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托马斯·霍吉斯金（页面不存在）">霍吉斯金</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hodgskin" class="extiw" title="en:Thomas Hodgskin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Thomas Hodgskin</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%92%82%E8%80%B6%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%B4%9D" title="埃蒂耶纳·卡贝">卡贝</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴特尔米·普罗斯比尔·安凡丹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%87%A1%E4%B8%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴特尔米·普罗斯比尔·安凡丹（页面不存在）">安凡丹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Prosper_Enfantin" class="extiw" title="en:Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE-%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E6%9D%B1" title="皮埃爾-約瑟夫·普魯東">普魯東</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97" title="路易·布朗">布朗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%87%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E5%B2%91" class="mw-redirect" title="亚历山大·伊万诺维奇·赫尔岑">赫尔岑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%AF%E5%AE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="米哈伊尔·亚历山德罗维奇·巴枯宁">巴枯宁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D" title="卡尔·马克思">马克思</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约翰·古德温·巴姆比" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="John Goodwyn Barmby"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%A7%86%E6%AF%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰·古德温·巴姆比（页面不存在）">巴姆比</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Goodwyn_Barmby" class="extiw" title="en:John Goodwyn Barmby"><span lang="en" dir="auto">John Goodwyn Barmby</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="弗里德里希·恩格斯">恩格斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB" title="彼得·拉夫罗夫">拉夫罗夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94" title="斐迪南·拉萨尔">拉萨尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" title="威廉·莫里斯">莫里斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="瓊斯夫人">瓊斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%88%97%E5%85%8B%E8%B0%A2%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%B2%81%E6%B3%A1%E7%89%B9%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="彼得·阿列克谢耶维奇·克鲁泡特金">克鲁泡特金</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%BD%E5%9D%A6" title="爱德华·伯恩施坦">伯恩施坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94" title="埃里科·马拉泰斯塔">马拉泰斯塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%80%83%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="卡爾·考茨基">考茨基</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗雷德·曼维尔·泰勒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fred M. Taylor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗雷德·曼维尔·泰勒（页面不存在）">泰勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_M._Taylor" class="extiw" title="en:Fred M. Taylor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fred M. Taylor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E8%BF%9E%E4%BA%AC%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%88%97%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="格奥尔基·瓦连京诺维奇·普列汉诺夫">普列汉诺夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%C2%B7%E9%A5%92%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="尚·饒勒斯">饒勒斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%A8%81" title="约翰·杜威">杜威</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恩里科·巴罗内" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Enrico Barone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8C%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%BD%97%E5%86%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恩里科·巴罗内（页面不存在）">巴罗内</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Barone" class="extiw" title="en:Enrico Barone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Enrico Barone</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C2%B7E%C2%B7B%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E6%B3%A2%E4%BE%9D%E6%96%AF" title="W·E·B·杜波依斯">杜波依斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%8E%9B%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%BC" title="埃玛·戈尔德曼">戈尔德曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81" title="弗拉基米尔·列宁">列宁</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">盧森堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%82%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%A7%86" title="莱昂·布鲁姆">布鲁姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%B4%A0" title="伯特兰·罗素">罗素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E6%BD%98%E6%B6%85%E5%BA%93%E5%85%8B" title="安东尼·潘涅库克">潘涅库克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%A6" title="路易斯·埃米利奥·雷卡瓦伦">雷卡瓦伦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦">爱因斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E6%B4%9B%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="列夫·托洛茨基">托洛茨基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E5%87%B1%E5%8B%92" title="海倫·凱勒">凱勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E9%97%A8%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%BE%B7%E7%A4%BC" title="克莱门特·艾德礼">艾德礼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%99%B6%E5%B0%BC" title="理查德·亨利·陶尼">陶尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%96%C2%B7%E7%B4%90%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="奧圖·紐拉特">紐拉特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%B0%BC" title="卡尔·波兰尼">波兰尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%AB%E8%AF%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="内斯托尔·马赫诺">马赫诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%94%E8%BF%AA%E5%8A%A0" title="阿马迪奥·博尔迪加">博尔迪加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%91%C2%B7V%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="尤金·V·德布斯">德布斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C2%B7D%C2%B7H%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94" title="G·D·H·柯尔">柯尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%98%8E" title="胡志明">胡志明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E9%93%81%E6%89%98" title="约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托">铁托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C" title="毛泽东">毛泽东</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E5%90%89%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86%E9%9B%B7" title="纳吉·伊姆雷">纳吉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E5%B0%94%E8%92%82%E5%B0%BC" title="亚历山德罗·佩尔蒂尼">佩尔蒂尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%E6%A3%AE" title="埃纳尔·基哈德森">基哈德森</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94" title="乔治·奥威尔">奥威尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E9%81%93%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="湯米·道格拉斯">道格拉斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94" title="利奥波德·塞达尔·桑戈尔">桑戈尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7" title="塔格·埃兰德">埃兰德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%9E%E5%BE%B7" title="萨尔瓦多·阿连德">阿连德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%9F%A5" title="恩維爾·霍查">霍查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E8%AF%BA%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%B5%96%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="布鲁诺·克赖斯基">克赖斯基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E5%AF%86%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97" title="弗朗索瓦·密特朗">密特朗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E8%BF%88%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C-%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94" title="贾迈勒·阿卜杜-纳赛尔">纳赛尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89" title="纳尔逊·曼德拉">曼德拉</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安东尼·克罗斯兰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anthony Crosland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安东尼·克罗斯兰（页面不存在）">克罗斯兰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" class="extiw" title="en:Anthony Crosland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anthony Crosland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%85%8B%E9%92%A6" title="默里·布克钦">布克钦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%B8%83%E5%88%87%E5%85%8B" title="亞歷山大·杜布切克">杜布切克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B4%A5%E6%81%A9" title="霍华德·津恩">津恩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF" title="科内利乌斯·卡斯托里亚迪斯">卡斯托里亚迪斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98%C2%B7%E6%B1%A4%E6%99%AE%E6%A3%AE" title="爱德华·帕尔默·汤普森">汤普森</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="迈克尔·曼利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Michael Manley"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迈克尔·曼利（页面不存在）">曼利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Manley" class="extiw" title="en:Michael Manley"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Michael Manley</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97" title="菲德尔·卡斯特罗">卡斯特罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89" title="切·格瓦拉">格瓦拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="诺姆·乔姆斯基">乔姆斯基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%87%91" title="马丁·路德·金">金</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E8%92%82%E8%AF%BA%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF" title="贝蒂诺·克拉克西">克拉克西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="厄尼斯特·拉克劳">拉克劳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" title="伯尼·桑德斯">桑德斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A2%A8%E8%8F%B2" title="尚塔尔·墨菲">墨菲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C" title="塔里克·阿里">阿里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E8%B4%BE%E5%85%B0" title="阿卜杜拉·奥贾兰">奥贾兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%83%E7%86%B1%C2%B7%E9%BD%8A%E6%BE%A4%E5%85%8B" title="斯拉沃熱·齊澤克">齊澤克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%91%E7%91%9E%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E8%B3%93" title="傑瑞米·柯賓">柯賓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E9%A1%BF" title="杰克·林顿">林顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E6%9C%97%E9%9B%84" title="让-吕克·梅朗雄">梅朗雄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E4%B9%83%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%9F%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="康乃爾·韋斯特">韋斯特</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克里斯·赫奇斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chris Hedges"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%A5%87%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克里斯·赫奇斯（页面不存在）">赫奇斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hedges" class="extiw" title="en:Chris Hedges"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chris Hedges</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E9%B2%81%E6%B3%95%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF" title="扬尼斯·瓦鲁法基斯">瓦鲁法基斯</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60000; text-align:center;">组织</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85" title="第一国际">第一国际</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85" title="第二国际">第二国际</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85" title="第三国际">第三国际</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85" title="第四国际">第四国际</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85" title="第五国际">第五国际</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85" title="社会主义工人国际">社会主义工人国际</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%BB%A8%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B" title="社會黨國際">社會黨國際</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="世界民主青年联盟">世界民主青年联盟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国际社会主义青年联盟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International Union of Socialist Youth"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际社会主义青年联盟（页面不存在）">国际社会主义青年联盟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Socialist_Youth" class="extiw" title="en:International Union of Socialist Youth"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International Union of Socialist Youth</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="世界社会主义运动">世界社会主义运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="第四国际国际委员会">第四国际国际委员会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E6%AD%A5%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="進步聯盟">進步聯盟</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60000; text-align:center;">相关议题</div><div 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title="格奥尔基·普列汉诺夫">格奥尔基·普列汉诺夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%BD%E5%9D%A6" title="爱德华·伯恩施坦">爱德华·伯恩施坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E8%AF%BA%E5%88%A9" title="詹姆斯·康诺利">詹姆斯·康诺利</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">羅莎·盧森堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%94%A1%E7%89%B9%E9%87%91" title="克拉拉·蔡特金">克拉拉·蔡特金</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%8D%9C%E5%85%8B%E5%86%85%E8%A5%BF" title="卡尔·李卜克内西">卡尔·李卜克内西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%80%83%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="卡爾·考茨基">卡爾·考茨基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81" title="弗拉基米尔·列宁">弗拉基米尔·列宁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E6%B4%9B%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="列夫·托洛茨基">列夫·托洛茨基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E4%BC%A6%E6%B3%B0" title="亚历山德拉·柯伦泰">亚历山德拉·柯伦泰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E6%9E%97" title="尼古拉·布哈林">尼古拉·布哈林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E8%91%9B%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF" title="安东尼奥·葛兰西">安东尼奥·葛兰西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" title="约瑟夫·斯大林">约瑟夫·斯大林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E" title="瓦尔特·本雅明">瓦尔特·本雅明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E6%BD%98%E6%B6%85%E5%BA%93%E5%85%8B" title="安东尼·潘涅库克">安东尼·潘涅库克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9" title="贝托尔特·布莱希特">贝托尔特·布莱希特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%B5%96%E5%B8%8C" title="威廉·赖希">威廉·赖希</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E5%8D%A1%E5%A5%87" class="mw-redirect" title="格奥尔格·卢卡奇">格奥尔格·卢卡奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%98%8E" title="胡志明">胡志明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%8B%E6%B5%B7%E9%BB%98" class="mw-redirect" title="麦克斯·霍克海默">麦克斯·霍克海默</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C" title="毛泽东">毛泽东</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%93%E5%B0%8F%E5%B9%B3" title="邓小平">邓小平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E9%93%81%E6%89%98" title="约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托">约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%9A%E8%AB%BE" title="狄奧多·阿多諾">狄奧多·阿多諾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%BA%93%E5%A1%9E" title="赫伯特·马尔库塞">赫伯特·马尔库塞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%96%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="赖特·米尔斯">赖特·米尔斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86" title="埃里希·弗罗姆">埃里希·弗罗姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%9E%E5%BE%B7" title="萨尔瓦多·阿连德">萨尔瓦多·阿连德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9" title="让-保罗·萨特">让-保罗·萨特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="恩维尔·霍查">恩维尔·霍查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E4%BC%8F%E5%A8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="西蒙·德·波伏娃">西蒙·德·波伏娃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E7%89%B9" title="泰德·格兰特">泰德·格兰特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89" title="切·格瓦拉">切·格瓦拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E5%A1%9E" title="路易·阿尔都塞">路易·阿尔都塞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%B3%A2" title="居伊·德波">居伊·德波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%BB%B4" title="大卫·哈维">大卫·哈维</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E9%B2%8D%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="埃里克·霍布斯鲍姆">埃里克·霍布斯鲍姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B4%A5%E6%81%A9" title="霍华德·津恩">霍华德·津恩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89" title="托马斯·桑卡拉">托马斯·桑卡拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97" title="菲德尔·卡斯特罗">菲德尔·卡斯特罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E9%B2%8D%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="齐格蒙·鲍曼">齐格蒙·鲍曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E4%BC%8D%E5%85%B9" title="艾伦·伍兹">艾伦·伍兹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%83%E7%86%B1%C2%B7%E9%BD%8A%E6%BE%A4%E5%85%8B" title="斯拉沃熱·齊澤克">斯拉沃熱·齊澤克</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="line-height:1.6em;"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hammer_and_sickle_red_on_transparent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Hammer_and_sickle_red_on_transparent.svg/16px-Hammer_and_sickle_red_on_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Hammer_and_sickle_red_on_transparent.svg/24px-Hammer_and_sickle_red_on_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Hammer_and_sickle_red_on_transparent.svg/32px-Hammer_and_sickle_red_on_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:共产主义">共产主义主题</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Socrates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/10px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/15px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/21px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:哲学">哲学主题</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Template:马克思主义"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Template talk:马克思主义"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:马克思主义"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>羅莎·盧森堡</b>（德語：<span lang="de">Rosa Luxemburg</span>；<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭語">波蘭語</a>：<span lang="pl">Róża Luksemburg</span>；1871年3月5日—1919年1月15日）是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="馬克思主義">馬克思主義</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%B6" title="政治家">政治家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社会主义">社會主义</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="哲學家">哲學家</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="革命家">革命家</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="德國共產黨">德國共產黨</a>创始人之一。 </p><p>卢森堡于1871年3月5日<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>出生於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯帝國">俄羅斯</a>佔領下的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭">波蘭</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E8%8E%AB%E5%B8%8C%E5%A5%87" title="扎莫希奇">扎莫希奇</a>的一个<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太人">猶太人</a>家庭，她原是波蘭立陶宛王國社會民主黨理論家。1898年移居德國<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a>，並加入<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="德国社会民主党">德国社会民主党</a>，是黨內的重要社会主义理論家。 </p><p>1914年，威廉二世進行全國總動員、向俄羅斯宣戰此一行動表示，過去十年內羅莎·盧森堡努力避免戰爭爆發的所有舉措付諸東流。又，同年社民黨的帝國議會表決也顯示德國國民相信政府的說詞，認為德國進行的是一場自衛戰。為求轉機，羅莎·盧森堡在戰爭開始前曾公開號招群眾拒絕服兵役，而被法院視為叛國、判處一年有期徒刑。 </p><p>1915年，当<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="德国社会民主党">德国社会民主党</a>宣布支持德国参与<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>时，她和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%8D%9C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%A7%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="卡爾·李卜克內西">卡爾·李卜克內西</a>合作成立馬克思主義革命團體“<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94%E5%85%8B%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="斯巴達克同盟">斯巴達克同盟</a>”，與<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="德國社會民主黨">社民黨</a>內以<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9" title="弗里德里希·艾伯特">弗里德里希·艾伯特</a>為代表的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="右派">右傾</a>勢力對立。該組織于1918年12月30日重组為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="德國共產黨">德國共產黨</a>。1918年11月，在德国革命期间，她创办了《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%97%97%E6%8A%A5" title="红旗报">紅旗報</a>》，作为左翼的中央机构。1915年－1918年被多次關押。 </p><p>羅莎·盧森堡起草了德國共產黨黨綱。她认为1919年1月<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a>的斯巴達克起義是一个错误<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但起义开始后她还是加以支持。当起义被<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="自由军团">自由军团</a>（魏玛政权的右翼敢死队，由<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第一次世界大战">第一次世界大战</a>退伍军人组成）镇压时，盧森堡、李卜克內西與其他數百位支持者被逮捕，遭到嚴刑拷打並被殺害。目前<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC%E5%85%9A_(%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD)" title="左翼党 (德国)">德国左翼党</a>的基金会以她的名字命名。 </p><p>由於羅莎·盧森堡認為不掌握國家政權，就無法改變社會秩序，同時批判<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="列宁主义">列宁主义者</a>及較溫和的社會主義者（社會民主主義派系），因此在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="左翼">左翼</a>政治界及學術界中不是所有人都認同羅莎·盧森堡<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。儘管如此，戰後東德政府仍然普遍將盧森堡和李卜克內西視為共產主義事業的殉道者。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%E5%8E%85" class="mw-redirect" title="德国联邦宪法维护厅">德国联邦宪法维护厅</a>的資料聲稱，對盧森堡和卡爾·李卜克內西的紀念仍然是德國極左翼每年的傳統活動<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <ul><li>批判列寧主義：羅莎·盧森堡對列寧發起的俄國革命表達支持，但對列寧的想法、意見表達不贊同，她在書信中寫下她對俄國革命的想法，並成為她流傳後世最著名的一句話。<blockquote><p>如果只有政府的支持者或政黨的參與者擁有自由，那這不是自由。自由，始終是持不同政見者的自由。</p></blockquote></li></ul> <p>她独到的政治思想被后人称之为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="卢森堡主义">卢森堡主义</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RLuxemburgCpWz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/RLuxemburgCpWz.jpg/150px-RLuxemburgCpWz.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/RLuxemburgCpWz.jpg/225px-RLuxemburgCpWz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/RLuxemburgCpWz.jpg/300px-RLuxemburgCpWz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="765" /></a><figcaption>羅莎·盧森堡，1895年</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosa_Luxemburg_ND2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Rosa_Luxemburg_ND2.JPG/150px-Rosa_Luxemburg_ND2.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Rosa_Luxemburg_ND2.JPG/225px-Rosa_Luxemburg_ND2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Rosa_Luxemburg_ND2.JPG/300px-Rosa_Luxemburg_ND2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption>位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a>的羅莎·盧森堡雕像</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zetkin_luxemburg1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zetkin_luxemburg1910.jpg/150px-Zetkin_luxemburg1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zetkin_luxemburg1910.jpg/225px-Zetkin_luxemburg1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zetkin_luxemburg1910.jpg/300px-Zetkin_luxemburg1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>羅莎·盧森堡（右）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%94%A1%E7%89%B9%E9%87%91" title="克拉拉·蔡特金">克拉拉·蔡特金</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="波兰时期"><span id=".E6.B3.A2.E5.85.B0.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F"></span>波兰时期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：波兰时期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1871年3月5日，卢森堡生于俄罗斯治下的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="波蘭會議王國">波兰会议王国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E8%8E%AB%E5%B8%8C%E5%A5%87" title="扎莫希奇">扎莫希奇</a>一个<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a>家庭，1873年举家迁至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>的華沙<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，五岁时患上<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%8B%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%82" class="mw-redirect" title="髋关节">髋关节</a>的疾病，需长期卧床，此后终生跛足<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1880年，她入读<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="文理中学">文理中学</a>。1886年加入波兰左翼政党<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="波兰无产阶级党">波兰无产阶级党</a>，参与组织领导罢工。罢工失败后该党四位领导人被处死，该党被迫解散，包括卢森堡在内的幸存党员转入地下组织。1887年，通过高中毕业考试。1889年因逃避逮捕前往瑞士，就读于<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%BB%8E%E4%B8%96%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="苏黎世大学">苏黎世大学</a>，主修哲学、历史学、政治学、经济学和数学，研究<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪历史（页面不存在）">中世纪历史</a>及经济和<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%81%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80" title="证券交易所">证券</a>危机。1897年春发表博士论文《论波兰的工业发展》，被授予国民经济学位，该论文于1898年由<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%AF%94%E9%94%A1" title="莱比锡">莱比锡</a>的出版社发行。1893年，与<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E5%9F%BA%E5%B8%8C%E6%96%AF" title="列奥·约基希斯">列奥·约基希斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E8%B5%AB%E8%8E%B1%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="尤利安·马尔赫莱夫斯基">尤利安·马尔赫莱夫斯基</a>创办《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E6%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工人报（页面不存在）">工人报</a>》。该报反对<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="波兰社会党">波兰社会党</a>的民族政策，认为国家独立需要走德国、奥地利和俄罗斯的社会主义革命道路。她认为，应联合起来反对资本主义，争取波兰独立。她反对<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社会主义">社会主义</a>制度下的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B1%BA" title="民族自決">民族自决</a>权，因此与<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81" title="弗拉基米尔·列宁">弗拉基米尔·列宁</a>产生了理论分歧。她还与约吉歇斯共同创办波兰王国社会民主党。尽管成年时大多生活在德国，但青年时期的卢森堡主要在波兰活动，与约吉歇斯共同领导组织波兰社会民主党，是该党的主要理论家。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="德国时期"><span id=".E5.BE.B7.E5.9B.BD.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F"></span>德国时期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：德国时期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="一战前后"><span id=".E4.B8.80.E6.88.98.E5.89.8D.E5.90.8E"></span>一战前后</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：一战前后"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1898年5月，卢森堡为取得德国国籍嫁给古斯塔夫·吕贝克并搬到<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a>。此后她活跃于<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="德国社会民主党">德国社会民主党</a>，与<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89_(%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89)" title="修正主义 (马克思主义)">修正主义</a>者<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="爱德华·伯恩斯坦">爱德华·伯恩斯坦</a>展开针锋相对的斗争。卢森堡直接在1898年9月发行的宣传册《社会革命》中点名攻击伯恩斯坦。卢森堡对社会民主党奉行的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E8%89%AF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="改良主义">改良主义</a>的谴责使她当仁不让成为该党左翼的喉舌。她认为，只有无产阶级掌权及生产方式的革命性变化，才能够解决资本与劳动间的对立冲突。她希望将修正主义者赶出社民党。虽然这并未发生，但以卡尔·考茨基为首的党中央仍在党纲里保留了<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="马克思主义">马克思主义</a>的成分。 </p><p>1900年，卢森堡在报章中刊登其对欧洲社会经济问题的分析论文。预见到战争的她，大力抨击<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="军国主义">军国主义</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="帝国主义">帝国主义</a>。她希望发动工人开展总罢工，阻止将要发生的战争，但被考茨基拒绝。两人于1910年决裂。仅在1904年和1906年间，她因政治活动而被关押三次。1907年，她出席于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6" title="伦敦">伦敦</a>举办的俄国社会民主党第五次党代表日，在会上遇见<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="列宁">列宁</a>。随后在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BE%E5%8A%A0%E7%89%B9" title="斯图加特">斯图加特</a>的第二国际（社会主义）代表大会中，她提出的“欧洲所有工人政党应团结一心阻止战争”的决议被通过。 </p><p>此后卢森堡在社民党的柏林讲学中心积极讲授马克思主义经济学，期间她曾经的学生<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9" title="弗里德里希·艾伯特">弗里德里希·艾伯特</a>当选德国社民党主席。 </p><p>1912年，卢森堡代表社民党出席欧洲社会主义者代表大会，她在与法国社会主义者<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E9%A5%B6%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="让·饶勒斯">让·饶勒斯</a>着手准备总罢工时，一战爆发了。1913年，她在某个大型会议中宣称：“如果他们认为我们打算搞内讧，那么我们就大喊：‘我们不会这样干！’”。但在1914年，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="巴尔干地区">巴尔干地区</a>民族危机引发大战时，包括法国社会主义者在内的多数社民党党员支持这场战争，大罢工宣告流产。德国国会也同意资助战争。投了赞成票的社民党，同意与帝国政府休战，并承诺在战争中避免任何罢工活动。由于她自1899年起就开始与之對抗的修正主义者占据了绝对优势，卢森堡甚至一度考虑自杀。 </p><p>为了反击修正主义者，卢森堡在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰克福">法兰克福</a>发动反战游行，呼吁民众拒绝服兵役，拒绝服从命令。这让她因“煽动对当局的法律和秩序的不服从”被关押一年。 </p><p>1914年8月，卢森堡与<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%8D%9C%E5%85%8B%E5%86%85%E8%A5%BF" title="卡尔·李卜克内西">卡尔·李卜克内西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%94%A1%E7%89%B9%E9%87%91" title="克拉拉·蔡特金">克拉拉·蔡特金</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E6%9E%97" title="弗兰茨·梅林">弗兰茨·梅林</a>共同创办“国际歌小组”，1916年1月改名为<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="斯巴达克同盟">斯巴达克同盟</a>，以署名“<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="斯巴达克">斯巴达克</a>者们”，创作非法反战小册子。卢森堡化名为“尤尼乌斯”，取自<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="罗马共和国">罗马共和国</a>创始人<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B0%A4%E5%B0%BC%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF" title="卢修斯·尤尼乌斯·布鲁图斯">卢修斯·尤尼乌斯·布鲁图斯</a>。 </p><p>斯巴达克同盟坚决反对社民党对战争的支持，试图引领德国无产阶级开展反战总罢工，导致其与李卜克内西于1916年6月被关押两年半。在关押期间她先后被转移至波森（今<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B9%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="波兹南">波兹南</a>）和布雷斯劳（今<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%AB" title="弗罗茨瓦夫">弗罗茨瓦夫</a>）。 </p><p>好友们走私并非法出版了她的文章，其中一篇《论俄国革命》既肯定了<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="列宁">列宁</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E6%B4%9B%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="托洛茨基">托洛茨基</a>领导的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="十月革命">十月革命</a>的伟大意义，但也严厉批判了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%80%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B" title="布尔什维克">布尔什维克党</a>的一些政策，预见并警告他们有滑向独裁政治的危险。尽管如此，她还是在继续呼吁建立“无产阶级专政”，但不打算采用布尔什维克的高度集权模式。她在文章中写道：“自由永远意味着有不同思想者的自由。”她还说：“在自由受限的国家，公共生活是如此的贫困、悲惨、僵硬、毫无成果。这完全是因为一旦取消了民主，所有精神丰富与进步的来源也将不复存在。”另一篇文章《社会民主危机》写于1915年，1916年6月发表<sup id="cite_ref-leg_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leg-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1917年，斯巴达克同盟开始隶属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%88%98%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="反战主义">反战主义</a>者、前社民党成员<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%88%88%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%B3%BD" title="胡戈·哈泽">胡戈·哈泽</a>创建的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="独立社会民主党">独立社会民主党</a>。1918年11月，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%E6%B0%B4%E5%85%B5%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基尔水兵起义（页面不存在）">基尔水兵起义</a>标志着<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="德国十一月革命">德国十一月革命</a>爆发，工人与士兵委员会在德国各地掌权，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD)" title="威廉二世 (德国)">威廉二世</a>皇帝被迫退位，魏玛共和国成立，独立社民党和社民党上台执政。虽然独立社民党和社民党大部分党员支持<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="工人委員會">工人委员会</a>，但社民党领导者担心革命会像<a href="/wiki/1905%E5%B9%B4%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="1905年俄国革命">1905年</a>和<a href="/wiki/1917%E5%B9%B4%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="1917年俄国革命">1917年</a>俄国革命那样，使政体演变成<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83" title="苏维埃">苏维埃制</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="德国革命时期"><span id=".E5.BE.B7.E5.9B.BD.E9.9D.A9.E5.91.BD.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F"></span>德国革命时期</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：德国革命时期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="德国十一月革命">德国十一月革命</a></div> <p>1918年11月8日，卢森堡从<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="布雷斯劳">布雷斯劳</a>的监狱中被释放。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%8D%9C%E5%85%8B%E5%86%85%E8%A5%BF" title="卡尔·李卜克内西">卡尔·李卜克内西</a>于翌日在柏林宣布成立“自由社会主义共和国”。他和卢森堡重组<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94%E5%85%8B%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="斯巴達克同盟">斯巴达克同盟</a>，成立《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%97%97%E6%8A%A5" title="红旗报">红旗报</a>》，要求大赦所有政治犯并废除死刑。1918年12月14日，两人共同出版斯巴达克同盟新方案。 </p><p>1918年12月29-31日，两人代表斯巴达克同盟，参加独立社会主义者、德国国际共产主义者联合大会，大会于1919年1月1日沿用蘇聯模式，正式成立<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="德国共产党">德国共产党</a>，由卡尔·李卜克内西和卢森堡担任领导人，並由卢森堡起草黨綱。卢森堡支持新成立的德国共产党参选魏玛国民大会，並成立<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E7%8E%9B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="魏玛共和国">魏玛共和国</a>，但选举遭到抵制。 </p><p>1919年1月，第二次革命浪潮席卷柏林。与李卜克内西不同，卢森堡拒绝暴力夺权，但《红旗报》却鼓励叛军占据自由媒体编辑部。 </p><p>为鎮壓起义，社民党领袖<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9" title="弗里德里希·艾伯特">弗里德里希·艾伯特</a>下令<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="自由军团">自由军团</a>摧毁左翼革命，李卜克内西和卢森堡于1919年1月15日在柏林被捕。自由军团的指挥官<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E9%A9%AC%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦尔德马·帕布斯特（页面不存在）">瓦尔德马·帕布斯特</a>上尉（Waldemar Pabst，1880-1970）和霍斯特中尉对两人施行严刑拷打，最后下令处决两人。卢森堡被士兵奥托·伦格（Otto Runge，1875-1945）用枪托击晕，库尔特·福格尔（Kurt Vogel，1889-1967）中尉和赫尔曼·苏雄（Hermann Souchon，1894-1982）中尉向其头部开枪，其尸体被扔到柏林的兰德维希运河，於兩個月後被發現。卡尔·李卜克内西在<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%BB%95" title="蒂尔加滕">蒂尔加滕</a>遭到枪杀，他的无名尸体被带到太平间。 </p><p>随后全德境内爆发一系列暴行，成千上万的德共党员、其他革命者和平民被残忍杀害。最后，同时在政治上转移到右派的工人和士兵委员会和人民海军部解散。 </p><p>德国革命尾声时，武装份子的暴行和罢工人群遍布全国。截至1919年5月，该情况先后在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E8%90%8A%E6%A2%85" class="mw-redirect" title="不萊梅">不莱梅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE" title="萨克森">萨克森</a>、萨克森州哥达、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%A0%A1" title="汉堡">汉堡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E5%85%B0" title="莱茵兰">莱茵兰</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%B0%94%E5%8C%BA" title="鲁尔区">鲁尔区</a>等地发生，5月2日最后发生在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="巴伐利亚苏维埃共和国">巴伐利亚苏维埃共和国</a>。 </p><p>谋杀案发生四个多月后，1919年6月1日，卢森堡的尸体被发现并送至柏林尸检，其身份被确定。奥托·伦格因“蓄意谋杀罪”判处两年监禁，福格尔中尉因漏报尸体被判监禁四个月。福格尔被羁押不久后越狱，帕布斯特和苏雄则逍遥法外。后来<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E5%85%9A" title="纳粹党">纳粹党</a>将倫格保释，最终倫格在二战结束后被苏联羁押于柏林时逝世。 </p><p>卢森堡和李卜克内西的尸体被埋葬在<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%E6%96%AF%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%AC%E5%A2%93" title="腓特烈斯费尔德中央公墓">腓特烈斯费尔德中央公墓</a>，每年1月的第二个星期日都有社会主义者和共产主义者前往瞻仰。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="纪念"><span id=".E7.BA.AA.E5.BF.B5"></span>纪念</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：纪念"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ich_Bin_Eine_Terroristin.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ich_Bin_Eine_Terroristin.JPG/220px-Ich_Bin_Eine_Terroristin.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ich_Bin_Eine_Terroristin.JPG/330px-Ich_Bin_Eine_Terroristin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ich_Bin_Eine_Terroristin.JPG/440px-Ich_Bin_Eine_Terroristin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E5%A2%99" class="mw-redirect" title="柏林墙">柏林墙</a>中的罗莎·卢森堡涂鸦部分在柏林<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%8C%B2%E5%9D%A6%E5%BB%A3%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="波茲坦廣場">波兹坦广场</a>展出，名为“我是恐怖分子”。</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="米特区">米特区</a>有以卢森堡名字命名的广场（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA" title="罗莎·卢森堡广场">罗莎·卢森堡广场</a>）及地铁站，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%B4%AF%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF" title="德累斯顿">德累斯顿</a>有其名字命名的电车站和街道。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="波兰人民共和国">波兰人民共和国</a>时期的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99" title="华沙">华沙</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%80" title="沃拉區">沃拉区</a>，一间灯泡制造厂以卢森堡的波兰语名字“Róża Luksemburg”命名。 </p><p>1919年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9" title="贝托尔特·布莱希特">贝托尔特·布莱希特</a>为罗莎·卢森堡创作用于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%93%E5%BF%97%E9%93%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="墓志铭">墓志铭</a>的诗歌，该诗又于1920年被<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%AD%8F%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="库尔特·魏尔">库尔特·魏尔</a>谱写成《柏林安魂曲》： </p> <dl><dd>罗莎·卢森堡已逝（······）</dd> <dd>她告诉穷苦阶层生活的意义，</dd> <dd>这让她遭到富人们的排斥，</dd> <dd>或许她正活在安宁之中。</dd></dl> <p>英国<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B7%A6%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="新左派">新左派</a>史学家<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E4%BC%8A%E5%BD%BB" title="艾萨克·多伊彻">艾萨克·多伊彻</a>评价罗莎：“德国以在霍亨索伦刺杀她的方式，庆祝德国最终的胜利和纳粹党的首次胜利。” </p><p>反对派对罗莎的遇害有着许多不同的理解，<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84_(%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91)" class="mw-redirect" title="白俄 (移民)">白俄</a>认为她定居魏玛柏林的说法尤为常见。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%9E%E7%BD%97%E9%82%A3" title="巴塞罗那">巴塞罗那</a>亦有以她名字命名的露台花园。 </p><p>苏联<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E5%8D%A1" title="契卡">契卡</a>领导人<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%BB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="捷尔任斯基">捷尔任斯基</a>一直在他的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%AF%94%E6%89%AC%E5%8D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="卢比扬卡">卢比扬卡</a>办公室中挂有卢森堡的肖像。 </p><p>1986年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7" title="西德">西德</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="捷克斯洛伐克社会主义共和国">捷克斯洛伐克</a>合作拍攝的电影《羅莎·盧森堡》上映。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="遺體身分争议"><span id=".E9.81.BA.E9.AB.94.E8.BA.AB.E5.88.86.E4.BA.89.E8.AE.AE"></span>遺體身分争议</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：遺體身分争议"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2009年5月29日，<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E9%95%9C" title="明镜">明镜</a>在线报道了他人的尸体错误地认定为卢森堡的尸体而被埋葬的可能性。柏林<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9" title="夏里特">夏里特</a>法律医学与法医科学研究所负责人米夏埃尔·措科斯（Michael Tsokos），最近在夏里特医学史博物馆地下室，发现一具缺少头、手、脚部的尸体。认为尸检报告可疑的他，对遗体进行电脑断层扫描，发现存在被水浸泡过的迹象。CT扫描显示，这是具患有骨关节炎、两腿长度不一的40-50岁间的妇女的尸体。罗莎·卢森堡遇害时47岁，髋关节先天性脱位，导致她长短不一的两腿进一步受损。而位于<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94" title="基尔">基尔</a>的实验室，运用<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E7%A2%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95" title="放射性碳定年法">碳测年技术</a>，断定该尸体与卢森堡遇害属同一个时期。 </p><p>1919年6月13日埋葬尸体时的尸检报告，支持了措科斯存在不一致的说法。报告明确指出尸体腿部没有伤痕及表明双腿长短不一的证据。此外，上颅骨没有被枪托敲打的痕迹。尽管1919年的验尸官注意到尸体头部左眼和耳朵之间的开口，但却没有找到子弹的出口，或是在颅骨内找到子弹。 </p><p>曾有份参与尸检的病理学家助手保罗·弗伦克尔（Paul Fraenckel）亦对尸体存疑，他在报告中写下了与同事的结论不一的增编。正是增编的出现，及尸检报告和已知事实间的不一致，促使措科斯更仔细地检查尸骸。至于丢失的手和脚，据目击者所说，卢森堡的尸体被抛进运河时，重心位于脚踝处，导致尸体在水中漂浮数月时肢解<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>托索科斯意识到，证明尸体的身份是否为卢森堡的最佳方法，莫过于进行DNA检测。他的团队最初希望找到有被卢森堡舔过而残留着DNA痕迹的旧邮票，但卢森堡从未这样做过，宁愿用湿布润湿邮票。因此他们的目标，转向采集卢森堡幸存后裔的血液。最终在2009年7月，卢森堡的侄女、79岁的伊雷妮·博尔德（Irene Borde），捐出她的头发用作DNA比对测试<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2009年12月，柏林当局已查获埋在卢森堡墓中的尸体用以尸检<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2009年12月下旬，柏林公共检察官办公室宣称有表明尸体属罗莎·卢森堡的迹象，但却没有提供确凿的证据。此外，从伊雷妮的头发中提取的DNA，与尸体不匹配。措科斯此前曾表示，该比对的几率只有40%。遗体现今被埋葬一个秘密地点，目前仍就测试继续组织样本<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="卢森堡主义">卢森堡主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="罗莎·卢森堡基金会">罗莎·卢森堡基金会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%8D%9C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%A7%E8%A5%BF-%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1-%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C%E7%A4%BA%E5%A8%81" title="李卜克內西-盧森堡-遊行示威">李卜克内西-卢森堡-游行示威</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/l/u.htm#luxemburg">Luxemburg biography at marxists.org</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-06-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221130837/https://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/l/u.htm#luxemburg">存档</a>于2018-12-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&rft.btitle=Luxemburg+biography+at+marxists.org&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Fglossary%2Fpeople%2Fl%2Fu.htm%23luxemburg&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frederik Hetmann: <i>Rosa Luxemburg. Ein Leben für die Freiheit</i>, p. 308</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leszek Kołakowski ([1981], 2008), <i>Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. 2: The Golden Age</i>, W. W. Norton & Company, Ch III: "Rosa Luxemburg and the Revolutionary Left"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130025249/http://www.verfassungsschutz.de/de/publikationen/linksextremismus/broschure_L_0805_rosa_luxenburg/">Thema: "Gedenken an Rosa Luxemburg und Karl Liebknecht – ein Traditionselement des deutschen Linksextremismus<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span></a>. BundesamtfuerVerfassungsschutz. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-11-02</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verfassungsschutz.de/de/publikationen/linksextremismus/broschure_L_0805_rosa_luxenburg/">原始内容</a>存档于2010-11-30） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到德语网页">（德语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&rft.atitle=Thema%3A+%22Gedenken+an+Rosa+Luxemburg+und+Karl+Liebknecht+%E2%80%93+ein+Traditionselement+des+deutschen+Linksextremismus%22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BundesamtfuerVerfassungsschutz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verfassungsschutz.de%2Fde%2Fpublikationen%2Flinksextremismus%2Fbroschure_L_0805_rosa_luxenburg%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.P. Nettl, Rosa Luxemburg, Oxford University Press, 1969, pp. 54-55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Annette Insdorf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE3DD1331F932A05756C0A961948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print">Rosa Luxemburg: More Than a Revolutionary</a>. The New York Times. 1987-05-31 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-12-06</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6HZzO65Nd?url=http://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/31/movies/rosa-luxemburg-more-than-a-revolutionary.html">存档</a>于2013-06-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&rft.atitle=Rosa+Luxemburg%3A+More+Than+a+Revolutionary&rft.au=Annette+Insdorf&rft.date=1987-05-31&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9B0DE3DD1331F932A05756C0A961948260%26sec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3Dprint&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leg-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-leg_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927234035/http://marxists.anu.edu.au/chinese/Rosa-Luxemburg/marxist.org-chinese-rosa-1918.htm">论俄国革命</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-01-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marxists.anu.edu.au/chinese/Rosa-Luxemburg/marxist.org-chinese-rosa-1918.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2016-09-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&rft.btitle=%E8%AE%BA%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarxists.anu.edu.au%2Fchinese%2FRosa-Luxemburg%2Fmarxist.org-chinese-rosa-1918.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Thadeusz, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,627626,00.html">Berlin Hospital May Have Found Rosa Luxemburg's Corpse</a>. SpiegelOnline. 29 May 2009. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120129084336/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,627626,00.html">存档</a>于2012-01-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.aulast=Thadeusz&rft.btitle=Berlin+Hospital+May+Have+Found+Rosa+Luxemburg%27s+Corpse&rft.date=2009-05-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=SpiegelOnline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2F0%2C1518%2C627626%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,637385,00.html">DNA of Great-Niece May Help Identify Headless Corpse</a>. SpiegelOnline. 21 July 2009. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120302230037/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,637385,00.html">存档</a>于2012-03-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&rft.btitle=DNA+of+Great-Niece+May+Help+Identify+Headless+Corpse&rft.date=2009-07-21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=SpiegelOnline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2F0%2C1518%2C637385%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,667606,00.html">Berlin Authorities Seize Corpse for Pre-Burial Autopsy</a>. SpiegelOnline. December 17, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&rft.btitle=Berlin+Authorities+Seize+Corpse+for+Pre-Burial+Autopsy&rft.date=2009-12-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=SpiegelOnline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2F0%2C1518%2C667606%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111173814/http://open.salon.com/blog/lost_in_berlin/2009/12/30/rosa_luxemburg_floater_released_for_burial_after_90_years">Rosa Luxemburg "floater" released for burial after 90 years</a>. Lost in Berlin. Salon.com. December 30, 2009. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://open.salon.com/blog/lost_in_berlin/2009/12/30/rosa_luxemburg_floater_released_for_burial_after_90_years">原始内容</a>存档于2012-01-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&rft.atitle=Rosa+Luxemburg+%22floater%22+released+for+burial+after+90+years&rft.date=2009-12-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lost+in+Berlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopen.salon.com%2Fblog%2Flost_in_berlin%2F2009%2F12%2F30%2Frosa_luxemburg_floater_released_for_burial_after_90_years&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83112147">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>羅莎·盧森堡</b>在维基百科的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%A7%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Wikipedia:维基媒体姊妹项目"><span id="sister-projects">姊妹项目</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基共享资源上的<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" class="extiw" title="c:Rosa Luxemburg">多媒体资源</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基语录上的<a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="q:羅莎·盧森堡">名言</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基文库上的<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:%E7%BD%97%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="s:Author:罗莎·卢森堡">原始文献</a></span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li>中文<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="马克思主义文库">马克思主义文库</a>上的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/chinese/rosa-luxemburg/index.htm">罗莎·卢森堡作品集</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220114143530/https://www.marxists.org/chinese/rosa-luxemburg/index.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/author/Luxemburg,++Rosa">Rosa Luxemburg的作品</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%A8%B0%E5%A0%A1%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="古騰堡計劃">古騰堡計劃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>中<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Luxemburg%2C%20Rosa%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Rosa%20Luxemburg%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Luxemburg%2C%20Rosa%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Rosa%20Luxemburg%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Luxemburg%2C%20R%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Rosa%20Luxemburg%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Luxemburg%2C%20Rosa%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Rosa%20Luxemburg%22%29%20OR%20%28%221871-1919%22%20AND%20Luxemburg%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">羅莎·盧森堡的作品或与之相关的作品</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speaker_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/40px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> 來自<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/5297">羅莎·盧森堡</a>的<a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a>公共領域有聲讀物</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/51749376">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkttkgvvky4tF6Km87yh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90166466">挪威</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000047636">智利</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1009368">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12275704r">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12275704r">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517492806706">加泰罗尼亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118575503">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Luxemburg, Rosa"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/BVEV000156">意大利</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007264711305171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000120103">芬兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80033941">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/53hkfdpp1hw3zxq">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000024570&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00448251">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Luxemburg, Rosa"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000701099&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Junius"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2012680437&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35570057">澳大利亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record120445">希腊</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199617224">韩国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000029354&local_base=nsk10">克罗地亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p184835453">荷兰</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068462093">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810574372405606">波兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/110099">葡萄牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000085394&CON_LNG=ENG">俄罗斯</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00119783?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">艺术家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/028c6578-1aa9-429b-ab5c-46911c4c0bb5">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118575503.html?language=en">德意志传记</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/999499">Trove</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/en/conor/9392483">CONOR</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/028444">瑞士历史词典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/40200050">RISM</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w67n0z3g">SNAC</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61g0qb4">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/03156688X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="zh" 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