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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vehicle modification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vehicle_modification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boy_racers_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boy_racers_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Boy racers by country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Boy_racers_by_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Boy racers by country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Boy_racers_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Stereotype-based term used for vindictive drivers</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boy_racer&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Boy_racer" title="Talk:Boy racer">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the single by Morrissey, see <a href="/wiki/The_Boy_Racer" title="The Boy Racer">The Boy Racer</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the UK indie rock band, see <a href="/wiki/Boyracer" title="Boyracer">Boyracer</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poser.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Poser.JPG/300px-Poser.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Poser.JPG/450px-Poser.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Poser.JPG/600px-Poser.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Toyota_AE85" title="Toyota AE85">1985 Toyota Corolla Sport GT-S coupé</a> "Poser Mobile" advertisements created a stereotypical caricature "<a href="/wiki/Rice_burner" title="Rice burner">rice burner</a>" or "boy racer" car typical of the <a href="/wiki/Import_scene" title="Import scene">import scene</a>, whose appearance and behavior is comically aspirational and "phony".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boy_Racer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Boy_Racer.jpg/220px-Boy_Racer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Boy_Racer.jpg/330px-Boy_Racer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Boy_Racer.jpg/440px-Boy_Racer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>Boy racer in Malaysia</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Boy racer</b> is a term given to a young person who drives in a fast and aggressive manner; it has become a broader term (often pejorative) for participants in modern <a href="/wiki/Car_customizing" class="mw-redirect" title="Car customizing">custom</a> <a href="/wiki/Car_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Car culture">car culture</a> who <a href="/wiki/Car_tuning" title="Car tuning">tune</a> and modify cars with <a href="/wiki/Street_racing" title="Street racing">street racing</a>-style <a href="/wiki/Aftermarket_(automotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aftermarket (automotive)">aftermarket</a> cosmetic and performance parts such as <a href="/wiki/Body_kits" class="mw-redirect" title="Body kits">body kits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_audio" title="Vehicle audio">audio systems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exhaust_system" title="Exhaust system">exhausts</a>. The culture encompasses a broad range of car types including <a href="/wiki/Sport_compact" title="Sport compact">sport compacts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy_car" title="Economy car">economy cars</a> typical of the <a href="/wiki/Import_scene" title="Import scene">import scene</a>, this is in contrast with the <a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">hot rod</a> culture of previous generations.<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_Herald_10350727_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_Herald_10350727-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some car enthusiasts and modifiers feel the term labels them as deviant and anti-social and are keen to distance themselves from the term.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boy racer is a term mostly but not exclusively associated with the UK, in Australia and New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Hoon" title="Hoon">hoon</a> is sometimes preferred. In the US, "Rice boy" or "Ricer" is a derogatory term for the driver or builder of an imported hot rod, or someone who modifies their car in a cheap way to imitate the look of a higher performance vehicle. </p><p>Responses to the boy racer phenomenon range from laws prohibiting certain cosmetic modifications to vehicles such as decorative lighting or tinted windows to restrictions on <a href="/wiki/Cruising_(driving)" title="Cruising (driving)">cruising</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boy_racer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Publications for boy racers included <i><a href="/wiki/Max_Power_(magazine)" title="Max Power (magazine)">Max Power</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Car_(magazine)" title="Fast Car (magazine)">Fast Car</a></i>, <i>New Zealand Performance Car Magazine</i>, <i>MTV's</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Pimp_My_Ride" title="Pimp My Ride">Pimp My Ride</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fast_and_the_Furious_(2001_film)" title="The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)">The Fast and the Furious</a></i> as well as DVD publications and television shows. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vehicle_modification">Vehicle modification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boy_racer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vehicle modification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modifications typically associated with the stereotype include: </p> <ul><li>Aftermarket stereos</li> <li>Extravagant paint jobs</li> <li>Loud exhaust systems</li> <li>Aftermarket <a href="/wiki/Alloy_wheels" class="mw-redirect" title="Alloy wheels">alloy wheels</a></li> <li>Hellaflush (tyres given excess camber, and scratching the tyre fenders)</li> <li>Oversized <a href="/wiki/Spoiler_(car)" title="Spoiler (car)">spoilers</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Hood_scoop" title="Hood scoop">bonnet scoops</a></li> <li>Suspension modifications to lower a car's ride height and stiffen ride (often referred to as stance)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stuff.co.nz_200713_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuff.co.nz_200713-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Body kits, neon/L.E.D lights and other appearance modifications</li> <li>Tinted windows</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boy_racers_by_country">Boy racers by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boy_racer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Boy racers by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boy_racer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volkswagen_Golf_-_Flickr_-_jns001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Volkswagen_Golf_-_Flickr_-_jns001.jpg/220px-Volkswagen_Golf_-_Flickr_-_jns001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Volkswagen_Golf_-_Flickr_-_jns001.jpg/330px-Volkswagen_Golf_-_Flickr_-_jns001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Volkswagen_Golf_-_Flickr_-_jns001.jpg/440px-Volkswagen_Golf_-_Flickr_-_jns001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A modified <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Golf_Mk4" title="Volkswagen Golf Mk4">Volkswagen Golf Mk4</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The term boy racer is used in New Zealand to describe a youth that drives any form of vehicle that is of high performance or has been modified in any way (including factory fitted parts). The <i>Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003</i> is commonly known as the "Boy Racer Act". </p><p>In 2009, a government led by the <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Party (New Zealand)">National Party</a> augmented the Act with the <i>Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act</i> and the <i>Sentencing (Vehicle Confiscation) Amendment Act</i>, which allow police to confiscate and "crush" (correctly, dismantle for saleable parts and destroy the remainder) vehicles on the third offence within four years, issue infringements for "cruising" and prosecute street racing and "antisocial" behaviour, by creating temporary by-laws. The first car crushing sentence was passed down in December 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first car to be crushed in accordance with this act was a white <a href="/wiki/Nissan_Laurel" title="Nissan Laurel">Nissan Laurel</a> crushed at a <a href="/wiki/Lower_Hutt" title="Lower Hutt">Lower Hutt</a> scrap yard on 21 June 2012 by New Zealand Police Minister of the time <a href="/wiki/Anne_Tolley" title="Anne Tolley">Anne Tolley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crushed Nissan is now on display at <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Transport_%26_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Transport & Technology">Museum of Transport & Technology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the slang word "<a href="/wiki/Bogan" title="Bogan">bogan</a>" generally has a broader meaning, it is often used in New Zealand in reference to owners of larger Australian cars, like <a href="/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(Australia)" title="Ford Falcon (Australia)">Ford Falcons</a> or <a href="/wiki/Holden_Commodore" title="Holden Commodore">Holden Commodores</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most cheap vehicles in New Zealand are <a href="/wiki/Japanese_used_vehicle_exporting" title="Japanese used vehicle exporting">used Japanese imports</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the culture follows modification of these cars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boy_racer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoon" title="Hoon">Hoon</a> (Australian/New Zealand term. Often used for reckless drivers regardless of car.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itasha" title="Itasha">Itasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_burner" title="Rice burner">Rice burner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_tuning" title="Car tuning">Car tuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_racing" title="Street racing">Street racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manta_joke" title="Manta joke">Manta joke</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boy_racer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTanz2011" class="citation cs2">Tanz, Jason (2011), <i>Other People's Property: A Shadow History of Hip-Hop in White America</i>, Bloomsbury Publishing USA, pp. <span class="nowrap">179–</span>180, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1608196531" title="Special:BookSources/978-1608196531"><bdi>978-1608196531</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Other+People%27s+Property%3A+A+Shadow+History+of+Hip-Hop+in+White+America&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E179-%3C%2Fspan%3E180&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1608196531&rft.aulast=Tanz&rft.aufirst=Jason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoy+racer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZ_Herald_10350727-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NZ_Herald_10350727_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10350727">"Police blitz unearths dozens of death traps"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 18 October 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Police+blitz+unearths+dozens+of+death+traps&rft.date=2005-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D10350727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoy+racer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLumsden2009" class="citation journal cs1">Lumsden, Karen (January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090408065612/http://www.socresonline.org.uk/14/1/2.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Do we look like boy racers?' The role of the folk devil in contemporary moral panics"</a>. <i>Sociological Research Online</i>. <b>14</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5153%2Fsro.1840">10.5153/sro.1840</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73615643">73615643</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socresonline.org.uk/14/1/2.html">the original</a> on 2009-04-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociological+Research+Online&rft.atitle=%27Do+we+look+like+boy+racers%3F%27+The+role+of+the+folk+devil+in+contemporary+moral+panics&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.date=2009-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5153%2Fsro.1840&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A73615643%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lumsden&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socresonline.org.uk%2F14%2F1%2F2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoy+racer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eadt.co.uk/content/eadt/news/story.aspx?brand=EADOnline&category=News&tBrand=EADOnline&tCategory=znews&itemid=IPED16%20Aug%202006%2016%3A07%3A04%3A660">East Anglian Daily Times: Man's horror at road rage 'gun' ordeal</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2015">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawkesbaytoday.co.nz/local/news/lower-cars-at-your-peril-says-ex-racer/3654647/">Hawke's Bay Today: Lower cars at your peril says ex-racer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717060509/http://www.hawkesbaytoday.co.nz/local/news/lower-cars-at-your-peril-says-ex-racer/3654647/">Archived</a> July 17, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stuff.co.nz_200713-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stuff.co.nz_200713_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/200713">"Unsafe boy racers flock to BOP for New Year"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NZPA" class="mw-redirect" title="NZPA">NZPA</a>/<a href="/wiki/Stuff.co.nz" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuff.co.nz">Stuff.co.nz</a></i>. 17 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NZPA%2FStuff.co.nz&rft.atitle=Unsafe+boy+racers+flock+to+BOP+for+New+Year&rft.date=2009-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F200713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoy+racer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDonnell2011" class="citation news cs1">Donnell, Hayden (12 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/crime/news/article.cfm?c_id=30&objectid=10772752">"Boy racer's car to be crushed"</a>. <i>nzherald.co.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2011</span>. <q>Eighteen-year-old Karn Clarrie Forrest (18), of Milton, appeared before Judge Stephen O'Driscoll in the Balclutha District Court, sitting in Gore, today on two driving charges.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=nzherald.co.nz&rft.atitle=Boy+racer%27s+car+to+be+crushed&rft.date=2011-12-12&rft.aulast=Donnell&rft.aufirst=Hayden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fcrime%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D30%26objectid%3D10772752&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoy+racer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dominion Post. (21 June 2012). [Anne Tolley standing on crushed Nissan vehicle]. Ref: PHO-2017-3.1. Walsh Memorial Library, MOTAT.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090404204423/http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0%2C23739%2C25165437-5010760%2C00.html">"Muscle car museum"</a>. 13 March 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,25165437-5010760,00.html">the original</a> on April 4, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Muscle+car+museum&rft.date=2009-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fcouriermail%2Fstory%2F0%2C23739%2C25165437-5010760%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoy+racer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105212536/http://www.abc.net.au/cgi-bin/common/printfriendly.pl?http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fworldtoday%2Fcontent%2F2006%2Fs1717468.htm">"The World Today - Car lovers buy fuel-efficient vehicles to save money"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/cgi-bin/common/printfriendly.pl?http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2006/s1717468.htm">the original</a> on 2016-01-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=The+World+Today+-+Car+lovers+buy+fuel-efficient+vehicles+to+save+money&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fcgi-bin%2Fcommon%2Fprintfriendly.pl%3Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fworldtoday%2Fcontent%2F2006%2Fs1717468.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoy+racer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/grown-up-boy-racers/JH3P632TAVPFBVROBXZ2TYZHK4/">"Grown-up boy racers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 23 January 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Grown-up+boy+racers&rft.date=2004-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fgrown-up-boy-racers%2FJH3P632TAVPFBVROBXZ2TYZHK4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoy+racer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boy_racer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Boy_racer" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Boy racer">Boy racer</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boyracerguide.co.uk/">boyracerguide.co.uk</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barryboys.co.uk/">barryboys.co.uk</a> - forum mocking boy racer cars, with many photos</li> <li>New Zealand Classic Car- <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091218114350/http://www.classiccar.co.nz/current-issue/nz-classic-car-issue-219-march-2009">Boy Racers or Car Enthusiasts?</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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