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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Parties contesting the election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parties_contesting_the_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voting_and_enrolment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voting_and_enrolment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Voting and enrolment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voting_and_enrolment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electorates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electorates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Electorates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electorates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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<span>Analysis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Analysis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pendulum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendulum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Pendulum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendulum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item 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class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Election for the 1st Parliament of Australia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1247979735">.mw-parser-output .ib-election{line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-data{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-label{width:5em;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-subheader{line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-header{font-weight:normal}@media(max-width:640px){body.skin--responsive:not(.skin-monobook):not(.skin-timeless) .mw-parser-output .ib-election .notpageimage.noresize img{height:80px!important;width:auto!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:350px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1901 Australian federal election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint"></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>29–30 March 1901</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1903_Australian_federal_election" title="1903 Australian federal election">1903</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;width:40%; text-align:center;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives,_1901%E2%80%931903" title="Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1901–1903">elected members</a> →</div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />All 75 seats of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a><br /><small> 38 seats were needed for a majority in the House</small><br />All 36 seats of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registered</th><td class="infobox-data">977,993</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">502,556 (51.39%)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;">  </th> <th style="text-align:center">First party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Second party </th></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #3198FF;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG/116px-Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG" decoding="async" width="116" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG/174px-Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG/231px-Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="811" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #FFD425;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Reid_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/George_Reid_crop.jpg/117px-George_Reid_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/George_Reid_crop.jpg/175px-George_Reid_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/George_Reid_crop.jpg/234px-George_Reid_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1593" data-file-height="2177" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton">Edmund Barton</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/George_Reid" title="George Reid">George Reid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionist</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Free_Trade_Party" title="Free Trade Party">Free Trade</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader since </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1901 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1901 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader's seat </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Hunter" title="Division of Hunter">Hunter</a> (NSW) </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_East_Sydney" title="Division of East Sydney">East Sydney</a> (NSW) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>32</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">25 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">135,996 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>164,085</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">27.52% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>33.21%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;">  </th> <th style="text-align:center">Third party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Fourth party </th></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #DE3533"><div style="width:120px;"><span style="line-height:160px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:#F00011; font-size:30px;"> <b>LAB</b></span></div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #DCDCDC"><div style="width:120px;"><span style="line-height:160px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:#DCDCDC; font-size:30px;"> <b>IND</b></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><i>No federal leader</i> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><i>N/A</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labour</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politicians_in_Australia" title="Independent politicians in Australia">Independents</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader since </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">N/A </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><i>N/A</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader's seat </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">N/A </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><i>N/A</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">16 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">90,174 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">103,832 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">18.25% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">21.01% </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1901_Australian_federal_election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1901_Australian_federal_election.svg/350px-1901_Australian_federal_election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1901_Australian_federal_election.svg/525px-1901_Australian_federal_election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1901_Australian_federal_election.svg/700px-1901_Australian_federal_election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="331" /></a></span><div>Results by division for the House of Representatives, shaded by winning party's margin of victory.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a> before election</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton">Edmund Barton</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionist</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Subsequent Prime Minister</b> <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton">Edmund Barton</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionist</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1901 Australian federal election</b> for the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a> was held in Australia on Friday 29 March and Saturday 30 March 1901. The elections followed <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation</a> and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a> on 1 January 1901. All 75 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">Australian House of Representatives</a>, six of which were uncontested, as well as all 36 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Australian Senate</a>, were up for election. </p><p>After the initial confusion of the <a href="/wiki/Hopetoun_Blunder" title="Hopetoun Blunder">Hopetoun Blunder</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton">Edmund Barton</a>, went into the inaugural 1901 federal election as the appointed head of a <a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionist Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government_of_Australia" title="Caretaker government of Australia">caretaker government</a>. While the Protectionists came first on votes and seats, they fell short of a majority. The incumbent government remained in office with the parliamentary support of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labour Party</a>, who held the <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(parliament)" title="Balance of power (parliament)">balance of power</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Free_Trade_Party" title="Free Trade Party">Free Trade Party</a> formed the <a href="/wiki/Opposition_(Australia)" title="Opposition (Australia)">opposition</a>. A few months prior to the <a href="/wiki/1903_Australian_federal_election" title="1903 Australian federal election">1903 election</a>, Barton resigned to become a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court of Australia</a>, and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a>. </p><p>Edmund Barton entered parliament at this election, as did six future prime ministers –  Alfred Deakin, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Watson" title="Chris Watson">Chris Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Reid" title="George Reid">George Reid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cook" title="Joseph Cook">Joseph Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Andrew Fisher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Billy Hughes</a> –  and future opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Frank_Tudor" title="Frank Tudor">Frank Tudor</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">federation</a> of the colonies of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> came into effect on 1 January 1901 to form the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a>. An election was held on Friday 29 March in Western Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania, and on Saturday 30 March 1901 in South Australia and Queensland, to elect the inaugural members of <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">federal parliament</a>. Floods in Queensland delayed polling in parts of the state until April. </p><p>The 1901 election was the only one of two occasions in Australia's history that the entire country did not go to the polls on the same day in a general election, the second occasion being the 1993 "supplementary election" in the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Dickson" title="Division of Dickson">Division of Dickson</a>. This election was also the only time that an election or any part thereof was held on a day other than a Saturday. </p><p>In what would later be known as the <a href="/wiki/Hopetoun_Blunder" title="Hopetoun Blunder">Hopetoun Blunder</a>, in December 1900 the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a>, the <a href="/wiki/John_Hope,_7th_Earl_of_Hopetoun" title="John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun">7th Earl of Hopetoun</a> commissioned <a href="/wiki/William_Lyne" title="William Lyne">William Lyne</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales" title="Premier of New South Wales">Premier of New South Wales</a>, to form the first Commonwealth Government from 1 January 1901. The government was to conduct itself on a <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government_of_Australia" title="Caretaker government of Australia">caretaker basis</a> in the absence of a parliament. Lyne was unpopular and was unable to gain support, so he returned his commission. <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton">Edmund Barton</a> was then called upon to form the interim government. Barton was sworn in as the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a>, and his cabinet contested the poll as the incumbent government. </p><p>Some candidates were still sitting members of a state parliament. William Lyne was a minister in Barton's interim government and a candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Hume" title="Division of Hume">Division of Hume</a> while still Premier of New South Wales, and used his official premier's car during the campaign, resigning on 27 March. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parties_contesting_the_election">Parties contesting the election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Parties contesting the election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChrisWatsonBW_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ChrisWatsonBW_crop.jpg/150px-ChrisWatsonBW_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ChrisWatsonBW_crop.jpg/225px-ChrisWatsonBW_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ChrisWatsonBW_crop.jpg/300px-ChrisWatsonBW_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="921" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chris_Watson" title="Chris Watson">Chris Watson</a>, first federal <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labour Party</a> leader as of two months after the election, and would later be Prime Minister in 1904.</figcaption></figure> <p>The parties contesting the election were the <a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionist Party</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton">Edmund Barton</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Free_Trade_Party" title="Free Trade Party">Free Trade Party</a>, unofficially led by former <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales" title="Premier of New South Wales">New South Wales Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Reid" title="George Reid">George Reid</a>. There would not be a federal <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labour Party</a> until two months after the election, but in five of the six states local Labour parties contested the elections - in Tasmania, where there was no Labour party, <a href="/wiki/King_O%27Malley" title="King O'Malley">King O'Malley</a> was elected as an independent Labour candidate. There were also a number of independents of various political leanings and a New South Wales Senate ticket called the "Socialist Six", comprising Labour members in conflict with the official party. </p><p>The Protectionists advocated the protection of local industries through the imposition of <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> on imported goods, the construction of a transcontinental railway, a uniform railway gauge, uniform suffrage, aged pensions and defending the Australian constitution from radicals. The party used the colour red throughout the campaign. In addition to Barton, Protectionist candidates included many of the leading political figures from colonial Australia, including <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingston" title="Charles Kingston">Charles Kingston</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Forrest" title="John Forrest">John Forrest</a>, and future Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a>. </p><p>The Free Traders (their official title was "Australian Free Trade and Liberal Association") advocated the dismantling of the tariff system, a transcontinental railway, and believed that aged pensions should be left to the states. As many of the policies of the Protectionists and Free Traders were similar, the Free Traders campaigned heavily on tariffs, with Reid stating that he wanted the election to be a plebiscite on tariffs. The party used the colour blue throughout the campaign. In addition to Reid, who believed he should have been appointed Prime Minister<sup id="cite_ref-McGinn_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGinn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> instead of Barton as he considered himself the bigger political figure, Free Trade candidates included Reid's unofficial deputy <a href="/wiki/Paddy_Glynn" title="Paddy Glynn">Paddy Glynn</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Irvine_(Australian_politician)" title="William Irvine (Australian politician)">William Irvine</a>, and former <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(New_South_Wales_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (New South Wales Branch)">state Labour</a> leader and future <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Liberal_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Liberal Party">Commonwealth Liberal Party</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cook" title="Joseph Cook">Joseph Cook</a>. </p><p>Labour advocated old age pensions, electoral reform, a national army, compulsory arbitration of industrial disputes and a national referendum to decide issues that would otherwise lead to a <a href="/wiki/Double_dissolution" title="Double dissolution">double dissolution</a> of parliament. Senior Labour candidates included future Prime Ministers <a href="/wiki/Chris_Watson" title="Chris Watson">Chris Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Andrew Fisher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Billy Hughes</a>. Labour candidates were elected as individual state-based candidates, who met before the first sitting of Parliament on 8 May 1901 and agreed to form a federal Labour Party. Chris Watson, a Sydney printer and former member of the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> Parliament, was elected the inaugural leader of the Party. </p><p>All parties were in support of a <a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia</a> as was the norm at the time, with only a single parliamentarian, Free Trader <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Smith_(Australian_politician)" title="Bruce Smith (Australian politician)">Bruce Smith</a>, fully opposing the legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-Rutledge_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rutledge-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voting_and_enrolment">Voting and enrolment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Voting and enrolment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Voting franchise was according to each state's specific electoral laws. South Australian and Western Australian women were enfranchised, but in the other states, they could not vote. Tasmania retained a small property qualification for voting, but in the other states, all males over 21 were eligible to vote. In several states <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a> were technically allowed to vote, however, they faced <a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">voter suppression</a>. In <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> for instance, Aboriginal men who voted were arrested by police for "double voting" with very little evidence to back up the case.<sup id="cite_ref-ElectionsMatter_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElectionsMatter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Voting was voluntary throughout Australia and in most states candidates were elected by a "first past the post" voting system. In South Australia, voters were required to mark the box opposite their preferred candidates, while in other states voters were required to cross out the names of non-preferred candidates. </p><p>The following table describes the varying electoral systems used to elect members of the House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-ElectionsMatter_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElectionsMatter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>State</th> <th>Divided electorates (versus at-large)</th> <th>Voting system</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Australia" title="Women's suffrage in Australia">Women franchise</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Australians" title="Chinese Australians">Chinese franchise</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voting_rights_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples">Aboriginal franchise</a></th> <th>Non-white franchise</th> <th>Other </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First past the post</a></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First past the post</a></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Contingent_vote" title="Contingent vote">Contingent vote</a></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td>If no candidate gained majority, <a href="/wiki/Contingent_vote" title="Contingent vote">contingent vote</a> was applied.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> at-large</td> <td><a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First past the post</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td>In <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> (managed by South Australia), Indians could not vote. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First past the post</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> at-large</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hare%E2%80%93Clark_electoral_system" title="Hare–Clark electoral system">Hare-clark</a></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electorates">Electorates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Electorates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All seats were to be filled − 75 in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> and 36 in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a>. Six House seats were uncontested. </p><p>There were 75 House of Representative seats to be filled. The initial number of seats for each state were set out in the Australian Constitution. New South Wales was allocated 26, Victoria 23, Queensland 9, South Australia 7, Western Australia 5 and Tasmania 5. The South Australian and Tasmanian colonial parliaments had not legislated for single-member electorates, so their House of Representative members were elected from a single statewide electorate. In South Australia, each elector cast seven votes, while in Tasmania, each elector cast one vote. </p><p>Each state elected six Senators, in accordance with the Constitution. Senators in each state were elected on a statewide electorate basis by <a href="/wiki/Plurality-at-large_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality-at-large voting">bloc voting</a> rather than the <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">single transferable vote</a> systems used in later elections. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign">Campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The campaign period officially commenced on 17 January 1901, although some candidates, particularly Reid, had been unofficially campaigning since December the previous year. The campaign was delayed due to the death of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> on 22 January, but soon got into full swing again as candidates travelled widely to address lively public meetings. Reid drew the biggest crowds, including 8,000 to a rally in <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle, New South Wales">Newcastle</a> and he campaigned widely, travelling to Victoria, Queensland and Tasmania, while <a href="/wiki/Paddy_Glynn" title="Paddy Glynn">Paddy Glynn</a> organised the Free Trade campaign in South Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-McGinn_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGinn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Protectionists were forced to modify their immigration policy following an outcry from Queensland Protectionist candidates who feared that a <a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia policy</a> would impinge on the importation of <a href="/wiki/Kanaka_(Pacific_Island_worker)" title="Kanaka (Pacific Island worker)">Kanakas</a> to work on Queensland sugar plantations. Their policy was revised to read that Kanakas would be only be sent back to their country of origin when they were no longer of any use to the sugar industry. On the whole, however, a white Australia was extremely popular with the electorate and most candidates outdid themselves to prove how much they supported it. It was left to Free Trade candidate for <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Parkes_(1901%E2%80%9369)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division of Parkes (1901–69)">Parkes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Smith_(Australian_politician)" title="Bruce Smith (Australian politician)">Bruce Smith</a> (a leading representative of the employers), to oppose anti-immigration measures. <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Andrew Fisher</a> argued that any Kanaka who had converted to Christianity and married should be allowed to remain in Australia. Both were elected comfortably. </p><p>The Free Traders also had to modify part of their election platform when they realised that to advocate for the removal of all tariffs protecting Australian industries would be political suicide. Many employees in these industries considered the removal of tariffs as likely to mean the end of their jobs. </p><p>The Protectionists enjoyed the support of the powerful <a href="/wiki/Australian_Natives%27_Association" title="Australian Natives' Association">Australian Natives' Association</a> (ANA) throughout the campaign as well as the endorsements of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bulletin_(Australian_periodical)" title="The Bulletin (Australian periodical)">The Sydney Bulletin</a></i>, while Free Trade received support from business interests and the endorsements of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)" title="The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Mail" title="The Courier-Mail">The Brisbane Courier</a></i>, Melbourne's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Argus_(Melbourne)" title="The Argus (Melbourne)">The Argus</a></i> and <i>The Adelaide Register</i>. Labour could only rely on union-owned newspapers, although some of these enjoyed a great level of influence in some electorates (the <i>Gympie Truth</i> for example is considered to have played an important role in the election of its part-owner, Andrew Fisher, in <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Wide_Bay" title="Division of Wide Bay">Wide Bay</a>). </p><p>Only two cars were used in the 1901 election campaign: <a href="/wiki/William_Lyne" title="William Lyne">William Lyne</a>, who was a candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Hume" title="Division of Hume">Division of Hume</a> while still Premier of New South Wales, used his official Premier's car to great advantage; and the shipping magnate and candidate for <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Melbourne" title="Division of Melbourne">Melbourne</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_McEacharn" title="Malcolm McEacharn">Malcolm McEacharn</a> enjoyed the use of his car while travelling around his electorate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_day">Election day</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Election day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Complaints were received by polling officials about the earlier-than-advertised closing of polling booths in some electorates, the poor-quality pencils supplied to fill in ballot papers (they apparently blunted easily, leaving many votes incomprehensible to officials) and the Senate ballot paper in New South Wales which listed 50 candidates, confusing many voters and leading to a significant number of informal votes.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These complaints aside, the administering of the first federal election was seen as a great success and a credit to the polling officials who, in some cases, were responsible for electorates larger than some European countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Representatives">House of Representatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_1901_Australian_federal_election_(House_of_Representatives)" title="Results of the 1901 Australian federal election (House of Representatives)">Results of the 1901 Australian federal election (House of Representatives)</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="5" style="text-align:center;color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #F8F9FA )"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1901_Australian_House_of_Representatives_Seating_Chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/1901_Australian_House_of_Representatives_Seating_Chart.svg/250px-1901_Australian_House_of_Representatives_Seating_Chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/1901_Australian_House_of_Representatives_Seating_Chart.svg/375px-1901_Australian_House_of_Representatives_Seating_Chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/1901_Australian_House_of_Representatives_Seating_Chart.svg/500px-1901_Australian_House_of_Representatives_Seating_Chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="531" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">Seats</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#3198FF"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionist</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">135,996</td><td style="text-align:right">27.52</td><td style="text-align:right">32</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFD425"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Free_Trade_Party" title="Free Trade Party">Free Trade Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">164,085</td><td style="text-align:right">33.21</td><td style="text-align:right">25</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F00011"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labour</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">90,174</td><td style="text-align:right">18.25</td><td style="text-align:right">16</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td><td style="text-align:right">103,832</td><td style="text-align:right">21.01</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">494,087</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">75</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate">Senate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_1901_Australian_federal_election_(Senate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Results of the 1901 Australian federal election (Senate)">Results of the 1901 Australian federal election (Senate)</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="5" style="text-align:center;color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #F8F9FA )"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1901_Australian_Senate_Seating_Chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/1901_Australian_Senate_Seating_Chart.svg/250px-1901_Australian_Senate_Seating_Chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/1901_Australian_Senate_Seating_Chart.svg/375px-1901_Australian_Senate_Seating_Chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/1901_Australian_Senate_Seating_Chart.svg/500px-1901_Australian_Senate_Seating_Chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">Seats</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFD425"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Free_Trade_Party" title="Free Trade Party">Free Trade Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">946,684</td><td style="text-align:right">35.54</td><td style="text-align:right">17</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#3198FF"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionist Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">795,889</td><td style="text-align:right">29.88</td><td style="text-align:right">10</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F00011"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labour Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">325,875</td><td style="text-align:right">12.23</td><td style="text-align:right">7</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#a6000c"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_(Australia)" title="Socialist Labor Party (Australia)">Socialist Labor Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">27,347</td><td style="text-align:right">1.03</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> Protectionist</td><td style="text-align:right">397,631</td><td style="text-align:right">14.93</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> Free Trade</td><td style="text-align:right">127,011</td><td style="text-align:right">4.77</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td><td style="text-align:right">43,597</td><td style="text-align:right">1.64</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">2,664,034</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">36</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For members, see <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives,_1901%E2%80%931903" title="Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1901–1903">Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1901–1903</a> and <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Australian_Senate,_1901%E2%80%931903" title="Members of the Australian Senate, 1901–1903">Members of the Australian Senate, 1901–1903</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Labor_1901b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Labor_1901b.jpg/270px-Labor_1901b.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Labor_1901b.jpg/405px-Labor_1901b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Labor_1901b.jpg/540px-Labor_1901b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2944" data-file-height="2059" /></a><figcaption>Group photograph of all Federal Labour Party MPs elected at the inaugural 1901 election, including <a href="/wiki/Chris_Watson" title="Chris Watson">Chris Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Andrew Fisher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Billy Hughes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Tudor" title="Frank Tudor">Frank Tudor</a></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FirstMinistry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/FirstMinistry.jpg/270px-FirstMinistry.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/FirstMinistry.jpg/405px-FirstMinistry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/FirstMinistry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption>Edmund Barton is seated second from the left, surrounded by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Australia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Australia)">Federal Executive Council</a>, comprising his Cabinet ministers and the Governor-General, <a href="/wiki/Hallam_Tennyson,_2nd_Baron_Tennyson" title="Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson">Lord Tennyson</a>. Standing at the rear, left to right are <a href="/wiki/James_Drake_(politician)" title="James Drake (politician)">James Drake</a>, Senator <a href="/wiki/Richard_O%27Connor_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard O'Connor (politician)">Richard O'Connor</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Philip_Fysh" title="Philip Fysh">Philip Fysh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingston" title="Charles Kingston">Charles Kingston</a>, and Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Forrest" title="John Forrest">John Forrest</a>. Seated at the front, left to right are Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Lyne" title="William Lyne">William Lyne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton">Edmund Barton</a>, Lord Tennyson, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a>, and Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Turner_(Australian_politician)" title="George Turner (Australian politician)">George Turner</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Free Traders won most of the seats in New South Wales, apart from the border areas where the Protectionists were strong. The Protectionists won most of the seats in their stronghold, Victoria. Labour won some inner urban seats but most of its members represented pastoral and mining areas. In the smaller states many members had no fixed party loyalty and saw themselves as representing the interests of their states. Seven Prime Ministers of Australia (Barton, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Deakin</a>, Watson, Reid, Fisher, Joseph Cook and Hughes) were elected at this election, as were a number of influential former state Premiers (Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Forrest" title="John Forrest">John Forrest</a>, Lyne, George Turner, <a href="/wiki/Anderson_Dawson" title="Anderson Dawson">Anderson Dawson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Fysh" title="Philip Fysh">Philip Fysh</a> and Charles Kingston among them). </p><p>With no past to live down, Barton's Protectionist ministry had all the advantages of incumbency with none of the problems, which meant that a Protectionist victory was almost a certainty, and Barton had been confident of obtaining a comfortable majority in parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-bastian_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bastian-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, while Barton and his ministry were returned, they had to rely on Labour support to pass legislation. Although the Protectionists remained in government, however, many observers saw the result as a moral victory for Free Trade (who won more seats than the Protectionists in the three smallest states of South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia). Labour also performed better than expected, particularly after the post-election recruitment of O'Malley. Labour was the smallest of the three parties in the House but held the balance of power. Chris Watson pursued the same policy as Labour had done in the colonial parliaments. He kept the <a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionist</a> governments of Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin in office, in exchange for legislative concessions including the immensely popular White Australia policy. Such was the overwhelming support for a White Australia by the electorate and the three political parties that the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Restriction_Act_1901" title="Immigration Restriction Act 1901">Immigration Restriction Act 1901</a> was the seventeenth piece of legislation passed by the nascent parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The average national voting turnout was 60% of enrolled voters, with the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Newcastle" title="Division of Newcastle">Division of Newcastle</a> achieving the highest turnout on 97%, while the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Fremantle" title="Division of Fremantle">Division of Fremantle</a> recorded the lowest turnout on 30%. </p><p>Of the two elected independents, both were from <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>. <a href="/wiki/James_Wilkinson_(Australian_politician)" title="James Wilkinson (Australian politician)">James Wilkinson</a>, elected to the seat of <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Moreton" title="Division of Moreton">Moreton</a>, was a former member of the Labour Party, and rejoined the party in 1903. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Paterson_(Australian_politician)" title="Alexander Paterson (Australian politician)">Alexander Paterson</a>, representing <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Capricornia" title="Division of Capricornia">Capricornia</a>, had no political affiliation, and retired in 1903. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pendulum">Pendulum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pendulum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Division_of_South_Australia" title="Division of South Australia">South Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Tasmania" title="Division of Tasmania">Tasmania</a> went to the election as single multi-member constituencies. South Australia elected seven members, each elector casting seven votes: four Free Traders (<a href="/wiki/Paddy_Glynn" title="Paddy Glynn">Paddy Glynn</a>, 59.5%; <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Holder" title="Frederick Holder">Frederick Holder</a>, 59.5%; <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Poynton" title="Alexander Poynton">Alexander Poynton</a>, 41.1%; and <a href="/wiki/Vaiben_Louis_Solomon" title="Vaiben Louis Solomon">Vaiben Louis Solomon</a>, 43.0%), two Protectionists (<a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingston" title="Charles Kingston">Charles Kingston</a>, 65.9%; <a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_Bonython" title="John Langdon Bonython">Langdon Bonython</a>, 62.7%) and one Labour member (<a href="/wiki/Lee_Batchelor" title="Lee Batchelor">Lee Batchelor</a>, 50.3%). Tasmania elected five members, each elector casting one vote: three Free Traders (<a href="/wiki/Edward_Braddon" title="Edward Braddon">Edward Braddon</a>, 26.2%; <a href="/wiki/Norman_Cameron_(politician)" title="Norman Cameron (politician)">Norman Cameron</a>, 11.6%; <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Piesse" title="Frederick William Piesse">Frederick Piesse</a>, 10.1%), one Protectionist (<a href="/wiki/Philip_Fysh" title="Philip Fysh">Philip Fysh</a>, 9.9%) and one Independent/Labour member (<a href="/wiki/King_O%27Malley" title="King O'Malley">King O'Malley</a>, 21.9%). </p> <table class="toccolours" align="left" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin-right: .5em; margin-top: .4em;font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="blue"><span style="color:white;"><b>Government and crossbench</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white" colspan="4" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labour</a> seats </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="blue"><span style="color:white;"><b>Marginal</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_New_England" title="Division of New England">New England (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/William_Sawers" title="William Sawers">William Sawers</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="DDDDFF">00.6 vs FT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Herbert" title="Division of Herbert">Herbert (Qld)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Bamford" title="Fred Bamford">Fred Bamford</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD">LAB </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="FFDDDD">01.6 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Laanecoorie" title="Division of Laanecoorie">Laanecoorie (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Carty_Salmon" title="Carty Salmon">Carty Salmon</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="DDDDFF">02.1 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Yarra" title="Division of Yarra">Yarra (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Tudor" title="Frank Tudor">Frank Tudor</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD">LAB </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="FFDDDD">02.3 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Cowper" title="Division of Cowper">Cowper (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Clarke_(New_South_Wales_politician)" title="Francis Clarke (New South Wales politician)">Francis Clarke</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="DDDDFF">02.4 vs FT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Coolgardie" title="Division of Coolgardie">Coolgardie (WA)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Mahon" title="Hugh Mahon">Hugh Mahon</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD">LAB </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="FFDDDD">02.8 vs FT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Oxley_(1901%E2%80%9334)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division of Oxley (1901–34)">Oxley (Qld)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edwards_(Australian_politician)" title="Richard Edwards (Australian politician)">Richard Edwards</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB">IND PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="BBBBBB">03.2 vs LAB </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Maranoa" title="Division of Maranoa">Maranoa (Qld)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Page_(politician)" title="Jim Page (politician)">Jim Page</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD">LAB </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="FFDDDD">03.3 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Riverina" title="Division of Riverina">Riverina (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/John_Chanter" title="John Chanter">John Chanter</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="DDDDFF">03.5 vs FT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Mernda" title="Division of Mernda">Mernda (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Harper_(Australian_politician)" title="Robert Harper (Australian politician)">Robert Harper</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="DDDDFF">03.8 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Bourke" title="Division of Bourke">Bourke (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/James_Hume_Cook" title="James Hume Cook">James Hume Cook</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="DDDDFF">03.9 vs FT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Echuca" title="Division of Echuca">Echuca (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/James_McColl_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="James McColl (Australian politician)">James McColl</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="DDDDFF">04.0 vs FT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Hume" title="Division of Hume">Hume (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/William_Lyne" title="William Lyne">William Lyne</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="DDDDFF">04.1 vs FT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Richmond" title="Division of Richmond">Richmond (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing_(Australian_politician)" title="Thomas Ewing (Australian politician)">Thomas Ewing</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="DDDDFF">05.3 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Wide_Bay" title="Division of Wide Bay">Wide Bay (Qld)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Andrew Fisher</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD">LAB </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="FFDDDD">05.4 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Canobolas" title="Division of Canobolas">Canobolas (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brown_(New_South_Wales_politician)" title="Thomas Brown (New South Wales politician)">Thomas Brown</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFDDDD">LAB </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="FFDDDD">05.6 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Wimmera" title="Division of Wimmera">Wimmera (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Pharez_Phillips" title="Pharez Phillips">Pharez Phillips</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="DDDDFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="DDDDFF">05.6 vs FT </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="blue"><span style="color:white;"><b>Fairly safe</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Southern_Melbourne" title="Division of Southern Melbourne">Southern Melbourne (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFCCCC"><a href="/wiki/James_Ronald" title="James Ronald">James Ronald</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFCCCC">LAB </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="FFCCCC">06.1 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="CCCCFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Moira" title="Division of Moira">Moira (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="CCCCFF"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kennedy_(Australian_politician)" title="Thomas Kennedy (Australian politician)">Thomas Kennedy</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="CCCCFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="CCCCFF">06.2 vs FT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Darling" title="Division of Darling">Darling (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFCCCC"><a href="/wiki/William_Spence" title="William Spence">William Spence</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFCCCC">LAB </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="FFCCCC">06.7 vs FT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Brisbane" title="Division of Brisbane">Brisbane (Qld)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Macdonald-Paterson" title="Thomas Macdonald-Paterson">Thomas Macdonald-Paterson</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB">IND PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="BBBBBB">07.6 vs LAB </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="CCCCFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Corinella_(1901%E2%80%9306)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division of Corinella (1901–06)">Corinella (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="CCCCFF"><a href="/wiki/James_Whiteside_McCay" title="James Whiteside McCay">James McCay</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="CCCCFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="CCCCFF">08.5 vs FT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="CCCCFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Corio" title="Division of Corio">Corio (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="CCCCFF"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Crouch" title="Richard Crouch">Richard Crouch</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="CCCCFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="CCCCFF">08.7 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Perth" title="Division of Perth">Perth (WA)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFCCCC"><a href="/wiki/James_Fowler_(Australian_politician)" title="James Fowler (Australian politician)">James Fowler</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFCCCC">LAB </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="FFCCCC">09.1 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="blue"><span style="color:white;"><b>Safe</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Melbourne" title="Division of Melbourne">Melbourne (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBFF"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_McEacharn" title="Malcolm McEacharn">Malcolm McEacharn</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="BBBBFF">10.8 vs LAB </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Bland" title="Division of Bland">Bland (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Watson" title="Chris Watson">Chris Watson</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFBBBB">LAB </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="FFBBBB">12.9 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Gwydir" title="Division of Gwydir">Gwydir (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBFF"><a href="/wiki/George_Cruickshank_(Australian_politician)" title="George Cruickshank (Australian politician)">George Cruickshank</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="BBBBFF">12.9 vs LAB </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Kennedy" title="Division of Kennedy">Kennedy (Qld)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Charles_McDonald_(Australian_politician)" title="Charles McDonald (Australian politician)">Charles McDonald</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFBBBB">LAB </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="FFBBBB">12.9 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Eden-Monaro" title="Division of Eden-Monaro">Eden-Monaro</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Chapman" title="Austin Chapman">Austin Chapman</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB">IND PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="BBBBBB">14.2 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Newcastle" title="Division of Newcastle">Newcastle (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFBBBB"><a href="/wiki/David_Watkins_(Australian_politician)" title="David Watkins (Australian politician)">David Watkins</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFBBBB">LAB </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="FFBBBB">14.7 vs FT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Indi" title="Division of Indi">Indi (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBFF"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Isaacs" title="Isaac Isaacs">Isaac Isaacs</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="BBBBFF">15.1 vs FT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Northern_Melbourne" title="Division of Northern Melbourne">Northern Melbourne (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB"><a href="/wiki/H._B._Higgins" title="H. B. Higgins">H. B. Higgins</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB">IND PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="BBBBBB">19.0 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="blue"><span style="color:white;"><b>Very safe</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Corangamite" title="Division of Corangamite">Corangamite (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/James_Chester_Manifold" title="James Chester Manifold">Chester Manifold</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="AAAAFF">22.2 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Ballarat" title="Division of Ballarat">Ballaarat (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="AAAAFF">24.5 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFAAAA"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_West_Sydney" title="Division of West Sydney">West Sydney (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFAAAA"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Billy Hughes</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFAAAA">LAB </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="FFAAAA">25.4 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Darling_Downs" title="Division of Darling Downs">Darling Downs (Qld)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Groom" title="William Henry Groom">William Henry Groom</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB">IND PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="BBBBBB">28.5 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFAAAA"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Barrier" title="Division of Barrier">Barrier (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFAAAA"><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Thomas_(politician)" title="Josiah Thomas (politician)">Josiah Thomas</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="FFAAAA">LAB </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="FFAAAA">37.4 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Balaclava" title="Division of Balaclava">Balaclava (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/George_Turner_(Australian_politician)" title="George Turner (Australian politician)">George Turner</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="AAAAFF">unopposed </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Bendigo" title="Division of Bendigo">Bendigo (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/John_Quick_(politician)" title="John Quick (politician)">John Quick</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="AAAAFF">unopposed </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Gippsland" title="Division of Gippsland">Gippsland (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/Allan_McLean_(Australian_politician)" title="Allan McLean (Australian politician)">Allan McLean</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="AAAAFF">unopposed </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Hunter" title="Division of Hunter">Hunter (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton">Edmund Barton</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="AAAAFF">unopposed </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Melbourne_Ports" title="Division of Melbourne Ports">Melbourne Ports (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Mauger" title="Samuel Mauger">Samuel Mauger</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="AAAAFF">unopposed </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Swan" title="Division of Swan">Swan (WA)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF"><a href="/wiki/John_Forrest" title="John Forrest">John Forrest</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="AAAAFF">PROT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="AAAAFF">unopposed </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours" align="left" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin-right: .5em; margin-top: .4em;font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="806600"><span style="color:white;"><b>Opposition seats</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white" colspan="4" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Free_Trade_Party" title="Free Trade Party">Free Trade Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="806600"><span style="color:white;"><b>Marginal</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffec44"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_South_Sydney" title="Division of South Sydney">South Sydney (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffec44"><a href="/wiki/George_Edwards_(Australian_politician)" title="George Edwards (Australian politician)">George Edwards</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffec44">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="ffec44">01.7 vs LAB </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffec44"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Werriwa" title="Division of Werriwa">Werriwa (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffec44"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Conroy" title="Alfred Conroy">Alfred Conroy</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffec44">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="ffec44">01.9 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffec44"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Flinders" title="Division of Flinders">Flinders (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffec44"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Groom_(politician)" title="Arthur Groom (politician)">Arthur Groom</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffec44">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="ffec44">03.0 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffec44"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Robertson" title="Division of Robertson">Robertson (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffec44"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Willis_(politician)" title="Henry Willis (politician)">Henry Willis</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffec44">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="ffec44">03.0 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffec44"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Macquarie" title="Division of Macquarie">Macquarie (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffec44"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Smith_(Australian_politician)" title="Sydney Smith (Australian politician)">Sydney Smith</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffec44">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="ffec44">03.9 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="806600"><span style="color:white;"><b>Fairly safe</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffdd31"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Grampians" title="Division of Grampians">Grampians (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffdd31"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Skene" title="Thomas Skene">Thomas Skene</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffdd31">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="ffdd31">06.1 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffdd31"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Wannon" title="Division of Wannon">Wannon (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffdd31"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Cooke_(Australian_politician)" title="Samuel Cooke (Australian politician)">Samuel Cooke</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="ffdd31">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="ffdd31">08.5 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="806600"><span style="color:white;"><b>Safe</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Fremantle" title="Division of Fremantle">Fremantle (WA)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/Elias_Solomon" title="Elias Solomon">Elias Solomon</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="f9cf1b">10.3 vs LAB </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Illawarra" title="Division of Illawarra">Illawarra (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/George_Fuller_(Australian_politician)" title="George Fuller (Australian politician)">George Fuller</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="f9cf1b">10.3 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_North_Sydney" title="Division of North Sydney">North Sydney (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/Dugald_Thomson" title="Dugald Thomson">Dugald Thomson</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="f9cf1b">10.4 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Dalley" title="Division of Dalley">Dalley (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/William_Wilks_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wilks (Australian politician)">William Wilks</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="f9cf1b">11.2 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Parramatta" title="Division of Parramatta">Parramatta (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cook" title="Joseph Cook">Joseph Cook</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="f9cf1b">11.3 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Kooyong" title="Division of Kooyong">Kooyong (Vic)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/William_Knox_(Victorian_politician)" title="William Knox (Victorian politician)">William Knox</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="f9cf1b">12.0 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Kalgoorlie" title="Division of Kalgoorlie">Kalgoorlie (WA)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/John_Kirwan_(politician)" title="John Kirwan (politician)">John Kirwan</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="f9cf1b">14.1 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Wentworth" title="Division of Wentworth">Wentworth (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b"><a href="/wiki/William_McMillan_(Australian_politician)" title="William McMillan (Australian politician)">William McMillan</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="f9cf1b">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="f9cf1b">18.4 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="806600"><span style="color:white;"><b>Very safe</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="edc409"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_East_Sydney" title="Division of East Sydney">East Sydney (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="edc409"><a href="/wiki/George_Reid" title="George Reid">George Reid</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="edc409">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="edc409">22.3 vs IND </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="edc409"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Parkes_(1901%E2%80%9369)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division of Parkes (1901–69)">Parkes (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="edc409"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Smith_(Australian_politician)" title="Bruce Smith (Australian politician)">Bruce Smith</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="edc409">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="edc409">25.2 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="edc409"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Lang" title="Division of Lang">Lang (NSW)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="edc409"><a href="/wiki/Francis_McLean_(politician)" title="Francis McLean (politician)">Francis McLean</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="edc409">FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="edc409">28.3 vs PROT </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="gray"><span style="color:white;"><b>Independents</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Capricornia" title="Division of Capricornia">Capricornia (Qld)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Paterson_(Australian_politician)" title="Alexander Paterson (Australian politician)">Alexander Paterson</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB">IND FT </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="BBBBBB">01.0 vs LAB </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Moreton" title="Division of Moreton">Moreton (Qld)</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB"><a href="/wiki/James_Wilkinson_(Australian_politician)" title="James Wilkinson (Australian politician)">James Wilkinson</a> </td> <td align="left" bgcolor="BBBBBB">IND LAB </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="BBBBBB">03.5 vs IND </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candidates_of_the_1901_Australian_federal_election" title="Candidates of the 1901 Australian federal election">Candidates of the 1901 Australian federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_1901_Australian_federal_election_(House_of_Representatives)" title="Results of the 1901 Australian federal election (House of Representatives)">Results of the 1901 Australian federal election (House of Representatives)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_1901_Australian_federal_election_(Senate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Results of the 1901 Australian federal election (Senate)">Results of the 1901 Australian federal election (Senate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives,_1901%E2%80%931903" title="Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1901–1903">Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1901–1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Australian_Senate,_1901%E2%80%931903" title="Members of the Australian Senate, 1901–1903">Members of the Australian Senate, 1901–1903</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turnout in contested seats was 56.68%.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seat number includes five independent protectionists who joined the Protectionist Party in parliament. Their votes are counted in the independents’ tally.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seat number includes <a href="/wiki/King_O%27Malley" title="King O'Malley">King O'Malley</a>, who was elected for <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Tasmania" title="Division of Tasmania">Tasmania</a> as an independent labour candidate before joining the Labour Party caucus in parliament. His votes are counted in the independents’ tally.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-McGinn-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McGinn_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGinn_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcGinn1989" class="citation book cs1">McGinn, W.G. (1989). <i>George Reid</i>. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-522-84373-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-522-84373-5"><bdi>0-522-84373-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Reid&rft.pub=Melbourne+University+Press%2C+Melbourne&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-522-84373-5&rft.aulast=McGinn&rft.aufirst=W.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1901+Australian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rutledge-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rutledge_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rutledge, M. (1988) Smith, Arthur Bruce (1851 - 1937), <i>Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 11</i>, Melbourne University Press, Carlton.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ElectionsMatter-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ElectionsMatter_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ElectionsMatter_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesBongiornoUhr" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Benjamin; Bongiorno, Frank; Uhr, John (eds.). <i>Elections Matter: Ten Federal Elections that Shaped Australia</i>. Monash University Publishing. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elections+Matter%3A+Ten+Federal+Elections+that+Shaped+Australia&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Monash+University+Publishing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1901+Australian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exhibitions.senate.gov.au/pogg/election/first_election.htm">"Conducting the first federal election"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conducting+the+first+federal+election&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexhibitions.senate.gov.au%2Fpogg%2Felection%2Ffirst_election.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1901+Australian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimms2001" class="citation book cs1">Simms, M., ed. (2001). <i>1901: The forgotten election</i>. Brisbane, QLD: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Queensland_Press" title="University of Queensland Press">University of Queensland Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7022-3302-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7022-3302-1"><bdi>0-7022-3302-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1901%3A+The+forgotten+election&rft.place=Brisbane%2C+QLD&rft.pub=University+of+Queensland+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7022-3302-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1901+Australian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bastian-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bastian_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bastian, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1901A00017">"<i>Immigration Restriction Act</i> No. 17 of 1901 (Cth)"</a>. Federal Register of Legislation. 23 December 1901.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Immigration+Restriction+Act+No.+17+of+1901+%28Cth%29&rft.pub=Federal+Register+of+Legislation&rft.date=1901-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.au%2FDetails%2FC1901A00017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1901+Australian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-16.html">"<i>Immigration Restriction Act</i> 1901 (Cth)"</a>. <i>Documenting a Democracy</i>. <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Australian_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Australian Democracy">Museum of Australian Democracy</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Documenting+a+Democracy&rft.atitle=Immigration+Restriction+Act+1901+%28Cth%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foundingdocs.gov.au%2Fitem-did-16.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1901+Australian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBastian2009" class="citation book cs1">Bastian, P. (2009). <i>Andrew Fisher: An underestimated man</i>. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andrew+Fisher%3A+An+underestimated+man&rft.pub=University+of+New+South+Wales+Press%2C+Sydney&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Bastian&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1901+Australian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.uwa.edu.au/">State and federal election results</a> in Australia since 1890</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMullin1991" class="citation book cs1">McMullin, R. (1991). <i>The Light on the Hill; the Australian Labor Party 1891-1991</i>. Oxford University Press, South Melbourne. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-554966-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-554966-X"><bdi>0-19-554966-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Light+on+the+Hill%3B+the+Australian+Labor+Party+1891-1991&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+South+Melbourne&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-19-554966-X&rft.aulast=McMullin&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1901+Australian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1999" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, J. (1999). <i>Edmund Barton</i>. Bookman Press, Sydney. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86395-377-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-86395-377-9"><bdi>1-86395-377-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edmund+Barton&rft.pub=Bookman+Press%2C+Sydney&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-86395-377-9&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1901+Australian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> Federal <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Australia" title="Elections in Australia">elections</a> and <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Australia" title="Referendums in Australia">referendums</a> in Australia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_federal_elections" title="List of Australian federal elections">Federal elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_Australian_federal_election" title="1903 Australian federal election">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Australian_federal_election" title="1906 Australian federal election">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_Australian_federal_election" title="1910 Australian federal election">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Australian_federal_election" title="1913 Australian federal election">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Australian_federal_election" title="1914 Australian federal election">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Australian_federal_election" title="1917 Australian federal election">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Australian_federal_election" title="1919 Australian federal election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Australian_federal_election" title="1922 Australian federal election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Australian_federal_election" title="1925 Australian federal election">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Australian_federal_election" title="1928 Australian federal election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Australian_federal_election" title="1929 Australian federal election">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Australian_federal_election" title="1931 Australian federal election">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Australian_federal_election" title="1934 Australian federal election">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Australian_federal_election" title="1937 Australian federal election">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Australian_federal_election" title="1940 Australian federal election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Australian_federal_election" title="1943 Australian federal election">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Australian_federal_election" title="1946 Australian federal election">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Australian_federal_election" title="1949 Australian federal election">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Australian_federal_election" title="1951 Australian federal election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Australian_Senate_election" title="1953 Australian Senate election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Australian_federal_election" title="1954 Australian federal election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Australian_federal_election" title="1955 Australian federal election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Australian_federal_election" title="1958 Australian federal election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Australian_federal_election" title="1961 Australian federal election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Australian_federal_election" title="1963 Australian federal election">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Australian_Senate_election" title="1964 Australian Senate election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Australian_federal_election" title="1966 Australian federal election">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Australian_Senate_election" title="1967 Australian Senate election">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Australian_federal_election" title="1969 Australian federal election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Australian_Senate_election" title="1970 Australian Senate election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Australian_federal_election" title="1972 Australian federal election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Australian_federal_election" title="1974 Australian federal election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Australian_federal_election" title="1975 Australian federal election">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Australian_federal_election" title="1977 Australian federal election">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Australian_federal_election" title="1980 Australian federal election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Australian_federal_election" title="1983 Australian federal election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Australian_federal_election" title="1984 Australian federal election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Australian_federal_election" title="1987 Australian federal election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Australian_federal_election" title="1990 Australian federal election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Australian_federal_election" title="1993 Australian federal election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Australian_federal_election" title="1996 Australian federal election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Australian_federal_election" title="1998 Australian federal election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Australian_federal_election" title="2001 Australian federal election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Australian_federal_election" title="2004 Australian federal election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Australian_federal_election" title="2007 Australian federal election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Australian_federal_election" title="2010 Australian federal election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Australian_federal_election" title="2013 Australian federal election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Australian_federal_election" title="2016 Australian federal election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Australian_federal_election" title="2019 Australian federal election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Australian_federal_election" title="2022 Australian federal election">2022</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2025_Australian_federal_election" title="2025 Australian federal election">2025</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(Australia)" title="Constitutional convention (Australia)">Constitutional Convention</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1897_Australasian_Federal_Convention_election" title="1897 Australasian Federal Convention election">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Australian_Constitutional_Convention_election" title="1997 Australian Constitutional Convention election">1997</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Australia" title="Referendums in Australia">Referendums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1906_Australian_senate_elections_referendum" title="1906 Australian senate elections referendum">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_Australian_referendum" title="1910 Australian referendum">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Australian_referendum" title="1911 Australian referendum">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Australian_referendum" title="1913 Australian referendum">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Australian_conscription_referendum" title="1916 Australian conscription referendum">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Australian_conscription_referendum" title="1917 Australian conscription referendum">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Australian_referendum" title="1919 Australian referendum">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Australian_referendum" title="1926 Australian referendum">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Australian_state_debts_referendum" title="1928 Australian state debts referendum">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Australian_referendum" title="1937 Australian referendum">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Australian_Post-War_Reconstruction_and_Democratic_Rights_referendum" title="1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Australian_referendum" title="1946 Australian referendum">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Australian_rents_and_prices_referendum" title="1948 Australian rents and prices referendum">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Australian_Communist_Party_ban_referendum" title="1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Australian_referendum" title="1967 Australian referendum">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Australian_referendum" title="1973 Australian referendum">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Australian_referendum" title="1974 Australian referendum">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Australian_referendum" title="1977 Australian referendum">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Australian_referendum" title="1984 Australian referendum">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Australian_referendum" title="1988 Australian referendum">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Australian_republic_referendum" title="1999 Australian republic referendum">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Marriage_Law_Postal_Survey" title="Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Australian_Indigenous_Voice_referendum" title="2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_federal_by-elections" title="List of Australian federal by-elections">By-elections</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&oldid=1271055922">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1901_Australian_federal_election&oldid=1271055922</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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