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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000BASE-T1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>1000BASE-T1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000BASE-T1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1000BASE-TX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000BASE-TX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>1000BASE-TX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000BASE-TX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1000BASE-CX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000BASE-CX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>1000BASE-CX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000BASE-CX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1000BASE-KX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000BASE-KX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>1000BASE-KX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000BASE-KX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiber_optics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiber_optics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fiber optics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fiber_optics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fiber optics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fiber_optics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1000BASE-SX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000BASE-SX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>1000BASE-SX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000BASE-SX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1000BASE-LSX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000BASE-LSX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>1000BASE-LSX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000BASE-LSX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1000BASE-LX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000BASE-LX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>1000BASE-LX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000BASE-LX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1000BASE-LX10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000BASE-LX10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>1000BASE-LX10</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000BASE-LX10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1000BASE-EX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000BASE-EX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>1000BASE-EX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000BASE-EX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1000BASE-BX10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000BASE-BX10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>1000BASE-BX10</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000BASE-BX10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1000BASE-ZX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000BASE-ZX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>1000BASE-ZX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000BASE-ZX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1000BASE‑CWDM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000BASE‑CWDM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>1000BASE‑CWDM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000BASE‑CWDM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1000BASE‑DWDM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000BASE‑DWDM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>1000BASE‑DWDM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000BASE‑DWDM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1000BASE-RHx" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000BASE-RHx"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>1000BASE-RH<i>x</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000BASE-RHx-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Optical_interoperability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optical_interoperability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Optical interoperability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optical_interoperability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gigabit Ethernet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabitov%C3%BD_Ethernet" title="Gigabitový Ethernet – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gigabitový Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EA%B0%80%EB%B9%84%ED%8A%B8_%EC%9D%B4%EB%8D%94%EB%84%B7" title="기가비트 이더넷 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기가비트 이더넷" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%82%AC%E3%83%93%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="ギガビット・イーサネット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギガビット・イーサネット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Гигабитни етернет – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гигабитни етернет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gigabit Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91" title="吉比特以太网 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="吉比特以太网" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1069084#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"GigE" redirects here. For the camera protocol, see <a href="/wiki/GigE_vision" class="mw-redirect" title="GigE vision">GigE vision</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel_PRO-1000_GT_PCI_NIC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Intel_PRO-1000_GT_PCI_NIC.jpg/220px-Intel_PRO-1000_GT_PCI_NIC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Intel_PRO-1000_GT_PCI_NIC.jpg/330px-Intel_PRO-1000_GT_PCI_NIC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Intel_PRO-1000_GT_PCI_NIC.jpg/440px-Intel_PRO-1000_GT_PCI_NIC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2058" data-file-height="1776" /></a><figcaption>Intel PRO/1000 GT <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect" title="Peripheral Component Interconnect">PCI</a> <a href="/wiki/Network_interface_controller" title="Network interface controller">network interface controller</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networking</a>, <b>Gigabit Ethernet</b> (<b>GbE</b> or <b>1 GigE</b>) is the term applied to transmitting <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_frame" title="Ethernet frame">Ethernet frames</a> at a rate of a <a href="/wiki/Gigabit_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigabit per second">gigabit per second</a>. The most popular variant, <b>1000BASE-T</b>, is defined by the <b>IEEE 802.3ab</b> standard. It came into use in 1999, and has replaced <a href="/wiki/Fast_Ethernet" title="Fast Ethernet">Fast Ethernet</a> in wired local networks due to its considerable speed improvement over Fast Ethernet, as well as its use of cables and equipment that are widely available, economical, and similar to previous standards. The first standard for faster <a href="/wiki/10_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="10 Gigabit Ethernet">10 Gigabit Ethernet</a> was approved in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> was the result of research conducted at <a href="/wiki/Xerox_PARC" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerox PARC">Xerox PARC</a> in the early 1970s, and later evolved into a widely implemented <a href="/wiki/Physical_layer" title="Physical layer">physical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Data_link_layer" title="Data link layer">link layer</a> protocol. <a href="/wiki/Fast_Ethernet" title="Fast Ethernet">Fast Ethernet</a> increased the speed from 10 to 100 megabits per second (Mbit/s). Gigabit Ethernet was the next iteration, increasing the speed to 1000 Mbit/s. </p> <ul><li>The initial standard for Gigabit Ethernet was produced by the <a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a> in June 1998 as <b>IEEE 802.3z</b>, and required <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a>. 802.3z is commonly referred to as 1000BASE-X, where -X refers to either -CX, -SX, -LX, or (non-standard) -ZX. (For the history behind the "X" see <a href="/wiki/Fast_Ethernet#Nomenclature" title="Fast Ethernet">Fast Ethernet § Nomenclature</a>.)</li> <li><b>IEEE 802.3ab</b>, ratified in 1999, defines Gigabit Ethernet transmission over <a href="/wiki/Shielded_cable" title="Shielded cable">unshielded</a> <a href="/wiki/Twisted_pair" title="Twisted pair">twisted pair</a> (UTP) <a href="/wiki/Category_5_cable" title="Category 5 cable">category 5, 5e</a> or <a href="/wiki/Category_6_cable" title="Category 6 cable">6</a> cabling, and became known as 1000BASE-T. With the ratification of 802.3ab, Gigabit Ethernet became a desktop technology as organizations could use their existing copper cabling infrastructure.</li> <li><b>IEEE 802.3ah</b>, ratified in 2004, added two more GbE fiber standards: 1000BASE-LX10 (which was already widely implemented as vendor-specific extension) and 1000BASE-BX10. This was part of a larger group of protocols known as <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_in_the_First_Mile" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethernet in the First Mile">Ethernet in the First Mile</a>.</li></ul> <p>Initially, Gigabit Ethernet was deployed in high-capacity <a href="/wiki/Backbone_network" title="Backbone network">backbone network</a> links (for instance, on a high-capacity campus network). In 2000 and 2001, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Computer">Apple's</a> <a href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G4" title="Power Mac G4">Power Mac G4</a> and <a href="/wiki/PowerBook_G4" title="PowerBook G4">PowerBook G4</a> respectively were the first mass-produced personal computers to feature the 1000BASE-T connection.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It quickly became a built-in feature in many other computers. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Half-duplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-duplex">Half-duplex</a> GbE links connected through <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_hub" title="Ethernet hub">repeater hubs</a> were part of the IEEE specification,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the specification is not updated anymore and <a href="/wiki/Full-duplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Full-duplex">full-duplex</a> operation with <a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">switches</a> is used exclusively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intelpromtserverpcixadapter1000mta342.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Intelpromtserverpcixadapter1000mta342.jpg/220px-Intelpromtserverpcixadapter1000mta342.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Intelpromtserverpcixadapter1000mta342.jpg/330px-Intelpromtserverpcixadapter1000mta342.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Intelpromtserverpcixadapter1000mta342.jpg/440px-Intelpromtserverpcixadapter1000mta342.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3405" data-file-height="2270" /></a><figcaption>1000BASE-T capable <a href="/wiki/Network_interface_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Network interface card">network interface card</a> made by <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, which connects to the computer via <a href="/wiki/PCI-X" title="PCI-X">PCI-X</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are five <a href="/wiki/Physical_layer" title="Physical layer">physical layer</a> standards for Gigabit Ethernet using <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a> (1000BASE-X), <a href="/wiki/Twisted_pair_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Twisted pair cable">twisted pair cable</a> (1000BASE-T), or shielded balanced copper cable (1000BASE-CX). </p><p>The IEEE 802.3z standard includes 1000BASE-SX for transmission over <a href="/wiki/Multi-mode_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-mode fiber">multi-mode fiber</a>, 1000BASE-LX for transmission over <a href="/wiki/Single-mode_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-mode fiber">single-mode fiber</a>, and the nearly obsolete 1000BASE-CX for transmission over shielded balanced copper cabling. These standards use <a href="/wiki/8b/10b_encoding" title="8b/10b encoding">8b/10b encoding</a>, which inflates the line rate by 25%, from 1000 Mbit/s to 1250 Mbit/s, to ensure a DC balanced signal, and allow for clock recovery. The symbols are then sent using <a href="/wiki/Non-return-to-zero" title="Non-return-to-zero">NRZ</a>. </p><p>Optical fiber transceivers are most often implemented as user-swappable modules in <a href="/wiki/Small_form-factor_pluggable_transceiver" class="mw-redirect" title="Small form-factor pluggable transceiver">SFP</a> form or <a href="/wiki/GBIC" class="mw-redirect" title="GBIC">GBIC</a> on older devices. </p><p>IEEE 802.3ab, which defines the widely used 1000BASE-T interface type, uses a different encoding scheme in order to keep the symbol rate as low as possible, allowing transmission over twisted pair. </p><p>IEEE 802.3ap defines Ethernet Operation over Electrical Backplanes at different speeds. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_in_the_First_Mile" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethernet in the First Mile">Ethernet in the First Mile</a> later added 1000BASE-LX10 and -BX10. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Copper">Copper</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Copper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height:110%;"> <caption>Comparison of <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_over_twisted_pair" title="Ethernet over twisted pair">twisted-pair-based Ethernet</a> physical transport layers (TP-PHYs)<sup id="cite_ref-TDG_ETH_2nd_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDG_ETH_2nd-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Standard </th> <th>Status </th> <th>Speed <span class="nowrap">(Mbit/s)</span> </th> <th>Pairs required </th> <th>Lanes per direction </th> <th>Bits per hertz </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Line_code" title="Line code">Line code</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Symbol_rate" title="Symbol rate">Symbol rate</a> per lane (MBd) </th> <th>Bandwidth (MHz) </th> <th>Max distance (m) </th> <th>Cable (minimum required) </th> <th>Cable rating (MHz) </th> <th>Usage </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1000BASE%E2%80%91T" class="mw-redirect" title="1000BASE‑T">1000BASE‑T</a></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">802.3ab-1999</span> (CL40) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td align="right">1000 </td> <td align="right">4 </td> <td align="right">4 </td> <td align="right">4 </td> <td align="right">TCM 4D-PAM-5 </td> <td align="right">125 </td> <td align="right">62.5 </td> <td align="right">100 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category_5_cable" title="Category 5 cable">Cat 5</a> </td> <td align="right">100 </td> <td align="center">LAN </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1000BASE-T1" class="mw-redirect" title="1000BASE-T1">1000BASE-T1</a></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">802.3bp-2016</span> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td align="right">1000 </td> <td align="right">1 </td> <td align="right">1 </td> <td align="right">2.6<span style="text-decoration:overline;">6</span> </td> <td align="right">PAM-3 80B/81B RS-FEC </td> <td align="right">750 </td> <td align="right">375 </td> <td align="right">40 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category_6A_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Category 6A cable">Cat 6A</a> </td> <td align="right">500 </td> <td align="center">Automotive, IoT, M2M </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1000BASE-TX">1000BASE‑TX</a></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">TIA/EIA-854</span> (2001) </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">obsolete </td> <td align="right">1000 </td> <td align="right">4 </td> <td align="right">2 </td> <td align="right">4 </td> <td align="right">PAM-5 </td> <td align="right">250 </td> <td align="right">125 </td> <td align="right">100 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category_6_cable" title="Category 6 cable">Cat 6</a> </td> <td align="right">250 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"><i>Market failure</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000BASE-T">1000BASE-T</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1000BASE-T"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supermicro_AOC-SGP-I2_Gigabit_Ethernet_NIC,_PCI-Express_x4_card.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Supermicro_AOC-SGP-I2_Gigabit_Ethernet_NIC%2C_PCI-Express_x4_card.jpg/220px-Supermicro_AOC-SGP-I2_Gigabit_Ethernet_NIC%2C_PCI-Express_x4_card.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Supermicro_AOC-SGP-I2_Gigabit_Ethernet_NIC%2C_PCI-Express_x4_card.jpg/330px-Supermicro_AOC-SGP-I2_Gigabit_Ethernet_NIC%2C_PCI-Express_x4_card.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Supermicro_AOC-SGP-I2_Gigabit_Ethernet_NIC%2C_PCI-Express_x4_card.jpg/440px-Supermicro_AOC-SGP-I2_Gigabit_Ethernet_NIC%2C_PCI-Express_x4_card.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Supermicro" title="Supermicro">Supermicro</a> AOC-SGP-I2 dual-port Gigabit Ethernet <a href="/wiki/Network_interface_controller" title="Network interface controller">NIC</a>, a <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> ×4 card</figcaption></figure> <p>1000BASE-T (also known as IEEE 802.3ab) is a standard for Gigabit Ethernet over twisted-pair wiring. </p><p>Each 1000BASE-T network segment is recommended to be a maximum length of 100 meters (330 feet),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and must use <a href="/wiki/Category_5_cable" title="Category 5 cable">Category 5 cable</a> or better (including <a href="/wiki/Cat_5e" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat 5e">Cat 5e</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cat_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat 6">Cat 6</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Autonegotiation" title="Autonegotiation">Autonegotiation</a> is a requirement for using 1000BASE-T<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to <i>Section 28D.5 Extensions required for Clause40 (1000BASE-T)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least the clock source has to be negotiated, as one endpoint must be master and the other endpoint must be slave. </p><p>In a departure from both <a href="/wiki/10BASE-T" class="mw-redirect" title="10BASE-T">10BASE-T</a> and <a href="/wiki/100BASE-TX" class="mw-redirect" title="100BASE-TX">100BASE-TX</a>, 1000BASE-T uses four lanes over all four cable pairs for simultaneous transmission in both directions through the use of <a href="/wiki/Echo_cancellation" class="mw-redirect" title="Echo cancellation">echo cancellation</a> with <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_equalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive equalization">adaptive equalization</a> called hybrid circuits<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (this is like <a href="/wiki/Telephone_hybrid" title="Telephone hybrid">telephone hybrid</a>) and five-level <a href="/wiki/Pulse-amplitude_modulation" title="Pulse-amplitude modulation">pulse-amplitude modulation</a> (PAM-5). The symbol rate is identical to that of 100BASE-TX (125 <a href="/wiki/Megabaud" class="mw-redirect" title="Megabaud">megabaud</a> (MBd)) and the noise immunity of the five-level signaling is also identical to that of the three-level signaling in 100BASE-TX, since 1000BASE-T uses four-dimensional <a href="/wiki/Trellis_coded_modulation" title="Trellis coded modulation">trellis coded modulation</a> (TCM) to achieve a 6 <a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">dB</a> <a href="/wiki/Coding_gain" title="Coding gain">coding gain</a> across the four pairs. </p><p>Since negotiation takes place on only two pairs, if two GbE interfaces are connected through a cable with only two pairs, the interfaces will successfully choose 'gigabit' as the highest common denominator (HCD),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but the link will never come up. Most GbE physical devices have a specific register to diagnose this behavior. Some drivers offer an "Ethernet@Wirespeed" option where this situation leads to a slower yet functional connection.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The data is transmitted over four copper pairs, eight <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a> at a time. First, eight bits of data are expanded into four three-bit symbols through a non-trivial scrambling procedure based on a <a href="/wiki/Linear-feedback_shift_register" title="Linear-feedback shift register">linear-feedback shift register</a>; this is similar to what is done in <a href="/wiki/100BASE-T2" class="mw-redirect" title="100BASE-T2">100BASE-T2</a>, but uses different parameters. The three-bit symbols are then mapped to voltage levels which vary continuously during transmission. An example mapping is as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol </th> <td>000</td> <td>001</td> <td>010</td> <td>011</td> <td>100</td> <td>101</td> <td>110</td> <td>111 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Line signal level </th> <td>0</td> <td>+1</td> <td>+2</td> <td>−1</td> <td>0</td> <td>+1</td> <td>−2</td> <td>−1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Auto-MDIX" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto-MDIX">Automatic MDI/MDI-X Configuration</a></i> is specified as an optional feature in the 1000BASE-T standard,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning that straight-through cables will often work between two GbE-capable network node interfaces (both MDI) and between two switch or hub interfaces (both MDI-X). This feature eliminates the need for <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_crossover_cable" title="Ethernet crossover cable">crossover cables</a>, making obsolete the uplink vs normal port choices and manual selector switches found on many older hubs and switches and greatly reduces installation errors. </p><p>In order to extend and maximize the use of existing Cat-5e and Cat-6 cabling, the newer standards <a href="/wiki/2.5GBASE-T_and_5GBASE-T" title="2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T">2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T</a> operate at 2.5 and 5.0 Gbit/s, respectively, on existing copper infrastructure designed for use with 1000BASE-T. They are based on <a href="/wiki/10GBASE-T" class="mw-redirect" title="10GBASE-T">10GBASE-T</a> but use lower signaling frequencies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000BASE-T1">1000BASE-T1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1000BASE-T1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For broader coverage of this topic, see <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_over_twisted_pair#Single-pair" title="Ethernet over twisted pair">Ethernet over twisted pair § Single-pair</a>.</div> <p>IEEE 802.3 standardized 1000BASE-T1 in IEEE Std 802.3bp-2016.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It defines Gigabit Ethernet over a single twisted pair for automotive and industrial applications. It includes cable specifications for 15 meters (type A) or 40 meters (type B) reach. The transmission is done using PAM-3 at 750 <a href="/wiki/Megabaud" class="mw-redirect" title="Megabaud">MBd</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000BASE-TX">1000BASE-TX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1000BASE-TX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_Industry_Association" title="Telecommunications Industry Association">Telecommunications Industry Association</a> (TIA) created and promoted a standard similar to 1000BASE-T that was simpler to implement, calling it 1000BASE-TX (TIA/EIA-854).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The simplified design would have, in theory, reduced the cost of the required electronics by only using four unidirectional pairs (two pairs TX and two pairs RX) instead of four bidirectional pairs. However, this solution has been a commercial failure,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> likely due to the required Category 6 cabling and the rapidly falling cost of 1000BASE-T products. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000BASE-CX">1000BASE-CX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1000BASE-CX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>802.3z-1998 CL39 standardized 1000BASE-CX is an initial standard for Gigabit Ethernet connections with maximum distances of 25 meters using balanced shielded twisted pair and either <a href="/wiki/DE-9" class="mw-redirect" title="DE-9">DE-9</a> or <a href="/wiki/8P8C" class="mw-redirect" title="8P8C">8P8C</a> connector (with a pinout different from 1000BASE-T). The short segment length is due to a very high signal transmission rate. Although it is still used for specific applications where cabling is done by IT professionals, for instance, the IBM BladeCenter uses 1000BASE-CX for the Ethernet connections between the blade servers and the switch modules, 1000BASE-T has succeeded it for general copper wiring use. <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000BASE-KX">1000BASE-KX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1000BASE-KX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>802.3ap-2007 CL70 standardized 1000BASE-KX is part of the IEEE 802.3ap standard for Ethernet Operation over Electrical Backplanes. This standard defines one to four lanes of backplane links, one RX and one TX differential pair per lane, at link bandwidth ranging from 100 Mbit to 10 Gbit per second (from 100BASE-KX to 10GBASE-KX4). The 1000BASE-KX variant uses 1.25 <a href="/wiki/Gigabaud" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigabaud">GBd</a> electrical (not optical) signalling speed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fiber_optics">Fiber optics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fiber optics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1000BASE-X</b> is used in industry to refer to Gigabit Ethernet transmission over fiber, where options include 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-LX10, 1000BASE-BX10 or the non-standard -EX and -ZX implementations. Included are copper variants using the same <a href="/wiki/8b/10b" class="mw-redirect" title="8b/10b">8b/10b</a> line code. 1000BASE-X is based on the physical-layer standards developed for <a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"> <caption>Legend for fibre-based PHYs<sup id="cite_ref-TDG_ETH_2nd_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDG_ETH_2nd-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Fibre type</th> <th>Introduced</th> <th>Performance </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:orange"><a href="/wiki/Multimode_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Multimode fibre">MMF</a> FDDI 62.5/125 µm</td> <td>1987</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>160 MHz·km @ 850 nm </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:orange"><a href="/wiki/Multimode_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Multimode fibre">MMF</a> OM1 62.5/125 µm</td> <td>1989</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>200 MHz·km @ 850 nm </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:orange"><a href="/wiki/Multimode_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Multimode fibre">MMF</a> OM2 50/125 µm</td> <td>1998</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>500 MHz·km @ 850 nm </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#7DF9FF"><a href="/wiki/Multimode_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Multimode fibre">MMF</a> OM3 50/125 µm</td> <td>2003</td> <td>1500 MHz·km @ 850 nm </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF79BC"><a href="/wiki/Multimode_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Multimode fibre">MMF</a> OM4 50/125 µm</td> <td>2008</td> <td>3500 MHz·km @ 850 nm </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#66FF00"><a href="/wiki/Multimode_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Multimode fibre">MMF</a> OM5 50/125 µm</td> <td>2016</td> <td>3500 MHz·km @ 850 nm + 1850 MHz·km @ 950 nm </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:yellow"><a href="/wiki/Single_mode_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Single mode fibre">SMF</a> OS1 9/125 µm</td> <td>1998</td> <td>1.0 dB/km @ 1300/1550 nm </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:yellow"><a href="/wiki/Single_mode_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Single mode fibre">SMF</a> OS2 9/125 µm</td> <td>2000</td> <td>0.4 dB/km @ 1300/1550 nm </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height:110%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Standard </th> <th>Status </th> <th style="width: 170px;">Media </th> <th>Connector </th> <th><small>Transceiver<br />Module</small> </th> <th>Reach<br />in m </th> <th><small>#<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Number of physical media (wires/fibres) needed for bidirectional traffic">Media</span><br />(⇆)</small> </th> <th><small>#<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Number of wavelengths used in each direction">Lambdas</span><br />(→)</small> </th> <th><small>#<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Number of lanes (on the wire/fibre) in each direction">Lanes</span><br />(→)</small> </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="11" style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success"><b>Gigabit Ethernet (GbE)</b> - <small>(<a href="/wiki/Data_signaling_rate" title="Data signaling rate">Data rate</a>: 1000 Mbit/s - <a href="/wiki/Line_code" title="Line code">Line code</a>: <a href="/wiki/8B/10B" class="mw-redirect" title="8B/10B">8B/10B</a> × <a href="/wiki/Non-return-to-zero" title="Non-return-to-zero">NRZ</a> - Line rate: 1.25 <a href="/wiki/GBd" class="mw-redirect" title="GBd">GBd</a> - Full-Duplex <span style="color:grey;">(<i>or Half-Duplex</i>))</span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1000BASE-CX">1000BASE‑CX</a></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">802.3z-1998</span><br /><small>(CL39)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">legacy </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped"><a href="/wiki/Twisted_pair" title="Twisted pair">TWP</a><br />shielded<br /><a href="/wiki/Balanced" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanced">balanced</a><br />(150 Ω) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped"><small><a href="/wiki/Modular_connector#8P8C_(8_position_8_contact)" title="Modular connector">8P8C</a><br /><a href="/wiki/D-subminiature" title="D-subminiature">DE-9</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel_electrical_interface#8-pin_"HSSDC"_cable_connector_(High_Speed_Serial_Data_Connection)" title="Fibre Channel electrical interface">FC/HSSDC</a><br /><span class="nowrap">CX4 (SFF-8470)</span><br /><span class="nowrap">(IEC 61076-3-103)</span></small> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">N/A </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center">Data centres</a>;<br />predates 1000BASE-T; rarely used.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1000BASE-KX">1000BASE‑KX</a></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">802.3ap-2007</span><br /><small>(CL70)</small> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">Cu-<a href="/wiki/Backplane" title="Backplane">Backplane</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">N/A </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">PCBs</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1000BASE‑SX">1000BASE‑SX</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span class="nowrap">802.3z-1998</span><br /><small>(CL38)</small> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">Fibre<br /><small><b><span style="color:red;">770 – 860 nm</span></b></small> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">ST<br />SC<br />LC<br />MT-RJ <sup id="cite_ref-MTRJ_1GbE_TCVR_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTRJ_1GbE_TCVR-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><small><b>SFP</b><br /><i><del><a href="/wiki/GBIC" class="mw-redirect" title="GBIC">GBIC</a></del></i><br /><i>direct-plug</i></small> </td> <td style="background-color:orange"><span class="nowrap">OM1: 275</span> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="right">2 </td> <td rowspan="3" align="right">1 </td> <td rowspan="3" align="right">1 </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:orange"><span class="nowrap">OM2: 550</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#7DF9FF"><span class="nowrap">OM3: 1k <sup id="cite_ref-corning_multimode_2012_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corning_multimode_2012-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1000BASE‑LSX">1000BASE‑LSX</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial"><i>proprietary<br /><small>(non IEEE)</small></i> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">Fibre<br /><small><b><span style="color: #F88379;">1310 nm</span></b></small> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">LC </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><small><b>SFP</b></small> </td> <td style="background-color:orange"><span class="nowrap">OM1: 2k <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="right">2 </td> <td rowspan="3" align="right">1 </td> <td rowspan="3" align="right">1 </td> <td rowspan="3"><small>vendor-specific;<br />FP laser transmitter</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:orange"><span class="nowrap">OM2: 1k <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#C66995"><span class="nowrap">OM4: 2k <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1000BASE‑LX">1000BASE‑LX</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="4"><span class="nowrap">802.3z-1998</span><br /><small>(CL38)</small> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">Fibre<br /><small><b><span style="color: #F88379;">1270 – 1355 nm</span></b></small> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">SC<br />LC </td> <td rowspan="4" align="center"><small><b>SFP</b><br /><span style="color:grey;"><i>GBIC</i></span><br /><i>direct-plug</i></small> </td> <td style="background-color:orange"><span class="nowrap">OM1: 550</span> </td> <td rowspan="4" align="right">2 </td> <td rowspan="4" align="right">1 </td> <td rowspan="4" align="right">1 </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:orange"><span class="nowrap">OM2: 550</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#7DF9FF"><span class="nowrap">OM3: 550</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:yellow"><span class="nowrap">OSx: 5k</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1000BASE‑LX10">1000BASE‑LX10</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="5"><span class="nowrap">802.3ah-2004</span><br /><small>(CL59)</small> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">Fibre<br /><small><b><span style="color: #F88379;">1260 – 1360 nm</span></b></small> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">LC </td> <td rowspan="5" align="center"><small><b>SFP</b></small> </td> <td style="background-color:orange"><span class="nowrap">OM1: 550</span> </td> <td rowspan="4" align="right">2 </td> <td rowspan="5" align="right">1 </td> <td rowspan="5" align="right">1 </td> <td rowspan="4"><small>identical with -LX but with increased power/sensitivity;<br />commonly simply referred to as <i>-LX</i> or <i>-LH</i> prior to 802.3ah</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:orange"><span class="nowrap">OM2: 550</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#7DF9FF"><span class="nowrap">OM3: 550</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:yellow"><span class="nowrap">OSx: 10k</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1000BASE-BX10" class="mw-redirect" title="1000BASE-BX10">1000BASE-BX10</a></span> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">Fibre<br /><small><b><span class="nowrap">TX: <span style="color: #F88379;">1260 – 1360 nm</span><br />RX: <span style="color: #F49AC2;">1480 – 1500 nm</span></span></b></small> </td> <td style="background-color:yellow"><span class="nowrap">OSx: 10k</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td><small>often simply referred to as <i>-BX</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1000BASE‑EX">1000BASE‑EX</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial"><i>proprietary<br /><small>(non IEEE)</small></i> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">Fibre<br /><small><b><span style="color: #F88379;">1310 nm</span></b></small> </td> <td style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">SC<br />LC </td> <td align="center"><small><b>SFP</b><br /><span style="color:grey;"><i>GBIC</i></span></small> </td> <td style="background-color:yellow"><span class="nowrap">OSx: 40k</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td><small>vendor-specific</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1000BASE-ZX">1000BASE‑ZX / ‑EZX</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial"><i>proprietary<br /><small>(non IEEE)</small></i> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">Fibre<br /><small><b><span style="color: #F49AC2;">1550 nm</span></b></small> </td> <td style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">SC<br />LC </td> <td align="center"><small><b>SFP</b><br /><span style="color:grey;"><i>GBIC</i></span></small> </td> <td style="background-color:yellow"><span class="nowrap">OSx: 70k</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td><small>vendor-specific</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1000BASE‑RH">1000BASE‑RHx</a></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">802.3bv-2017</span><br /><small>(CL115)</small> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">Fibre<br /><small><b><span style="color:orange;">650 nm</span></b></small> </td> <td style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fibre_optic_tranceiver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fibre optic tranceiver (page does not exist)">FOT</a><br /><small>(PMD/MDI)</small> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Plastic_optical_fiber" title="Plastic optical fiber">POF</a>: ≤ 50</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive">Automotive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Industry_(manufacturing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Industry (manufacturing)">Industry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Home" title="Home">Home</a>; <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Line code: <a href="/wiki/64b/66b_encoding" title="64b/66b encoding">64b65b</a> × PAM16</b><br /><b>Line rate: 325 MBd</b><br />Variants: -RHA (50 m), -RHB (40 m), -RHC (15 m).</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">1000BASE-PX</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">802.3ah-2004<br />802.3bk-2013</span><br /><small>(CL60)</small> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">Fibre<br /><small><b><span class="nowrap">TX: <span style="color: #F88379;">1270 nm</span></span><br /><span class="nowrap">RX: <span style="color: #F49AC2;">1577 nm</span></span></b></small> </td> <td style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">SC </td> <td align="center"><small><b>SFP</b><br />XFP</small> </td> <td style="background-color:yellow"><span class="nowrap">OSx:<br />10k – 40k</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Passive_Optical_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Passive Optical Network">EPON</a>; <a href="/wiki/FTTH" class="mw-redirect" title="FTTH">FTTH</a>;<br />using point-to-multipoint topology.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1000BASE‑CWDM">1000BASE‑CWDM</a></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Cisco-CWDM-SFP_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cisco-CWDM-SFP-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FS-DWDM-info_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS-DWDM-info-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial"><i>ITU-T G.694.2</i> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">Fibre<br /><small><b><span style="color: #F88379;">1270 – 1610 nm</span></b></small> </td> <td style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">LC </td> <td align="center"><small><b>SFP</b></small> </td> <td style="background-color:yellow"><span class="nowrap">OSx:<br />40k – 100k</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/CWDM" class="mw-redirect" title="CWDM">CWDM</a> makes it possible to have multiple parallel channels over 2 fibers;<br />spectral bandwidth 11 nm;<br />capable of 18 parallel channels</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1000BASE‑DWDM">1000BASE‑DWDM</a></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Cisco-DWDM-SFP_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cisco-DWDM-SFP-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FS-DWDM-info_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS-DWDM-info-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial"><i>ITU-T G.694.1</i> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-active">current </td> <td style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">Fibre<br /><small><b><span style="color: #F88379;">1528 – 1565 nm</span></b></small> </td> <td style="background: #DEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">LC </td> <td align="center"><small><b>SFP</b></small> </td> <td style="background-color:yellow"><span class="nowrap">OSx:<br />40k – 120k</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/DWDM" class="mw-redirect" title="DWDM">DWDM</a> makes it possible to have multiple parallel channels over 2 fibers;<br />spectral bandwidth 0.2 nm;<br />capable of 45 to 160 parallel channels</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000BASE-SX">1000BASE-SX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1000BASE-SX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1000BASE-SX is an <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a> Gigabit Ethernet standard for operation over multi-mode fiber using a 770 to 860 <a href="/wiki/Nanometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanometer">nanometer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">near infrared</a> (NIR) <a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">light</a> <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelength</a>. </p><p>The standard specifies a maximum length of 220 meters for 62.5 μm/160 <a href="/wiki/Modal_bandwidth" title="Modal bandwidth">MHz×km</a> <a href="/wiki/Multi-mode_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-mode fiber">multi-mode fiber</a>, 275 m for 62.5 μm/200 MHz×km, 500 m for 50 μm/400 MHz×km, and 550 m for 50 μm/500 MHz×km multi-mode fiber.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fiber optic cable manufacturers have extended the reach of 1000BASE-SX to at least 1km when used with more modern fiber optic grades such as OM3 and OM4.<sup id="cite_ref-corning_multimode_2012_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corning_multimode_2012-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This standard is highly popular for intra-building links in large office buildings, co-location facilities and carrier-neutral Internet exchanges. </p><p>Optical power specifications of SX interface: Minimum output power = −9.5 <a href="/wiki/DBm" title="DBm">dBm</a>. Minimum receive sensitivity = −17 dBm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000BASE-LSX">1000BASE-LSX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1000BASE-LSX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1000BASE-LSX is a non-standard but industry accepted<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> term to refer to Gigabit Ethernet transmission. It is very similar to 1000BASE-SX but achieves longer distances up to 2 km over a pair of multi-mode fibers due to higher quality optics than a SX, running on 1310 nm wavelength lasers. It is easily confused with 1000BASE-SX or 1000BASE-LX because the use of -LX, -LX10 and -SX is ambiguous between vendors. The range is achieved with use of <a href="/wiki/Fabry_Perot" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabry Perot">Fabry Perot</a> laser transmitter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000BASE-LX">1000BASE-LX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1000BASE-LX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1000BASE-LX is an optical fiber Gigabit Ethernet standard specified in IEEE 802.3 Clause 38 which uses a long wavelength laser (1,270–1,355 nm), and a maximum RMS spectral width of 4 nm. </p><p>1000BASE-LX is specified to work over a distance of up to 5 km over 10 μm single-mode fiber. </p><p>1000BASE-LX can also run over all common types of multi-mode fiber with a maximum segment length of 550 m. For link distances greater than 300 m, the use of a special launch conditioning patch cord may be required.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This launches the laser at a precise offset from the center of the fiber which causes it to spread across the diameter of the fiber core, reducing the effect known as differential mode delay which occurs when the laser couples onto only a small number of available modes in multi-mode fiber. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000BASE-LX10">1000BASE-LX10</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1000BASE-LX10"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1000BASE-LX10 was standardized six years after the initial gigabit fiber versions as part of the <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_in_the_First_Mile" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethernet in the First Mile">Ethernet in the First Mile</a> task group. It is practically identical to 1000BASE-LX, but achieves longer distances up to 10 km over a pair of single-mode fiber due to higher quality optics. Before it was standardized, 1000BASE-LX10 was essentially already in widespread use by many vendors as a proprietary extension called either 1000BASE-LX/LH or 1000BASE-LH.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000BASE-EX">1000BASE-EX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1000BASE-EX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1000BASE-EX is a non-standard but industry accepted term<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to refer to Gigabit Ethernet transmission. It is very similar to 1000BASE-LX10 but achieves longer distances up to 40 km over a pair of single-mode fibers due to higher quality optics than a LX10, running on 1310 nm wavelength lasers. It is sometimes referred to as LH (Long Haul), and is easily confused with 1000BASE-LX10 or 1000BASE-ZX because the use of -LX(10), -LH, -EX, and -ZX is ambiguous between vendors. <a href="#1000BASE-ZX">1000BASE-ZX</a> is a very similar non-standard longer-reach variant that uses 1550 nm wavelength optics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000BASE-BX10">1000BASE-BX10</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1000BASE-BX10"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1000BASE-BX10 is capable of up to 10 km over a single strand of <a href="/wiki/Single-mode_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-mode fiber">single-mode fiber</a>, with a different wavelength going in each direction. The terminals on each side of the fiber are not equal, as the one transmitting downstream (from the center of the network to the outside) uses the 1490 nm wavelength, and the one transmitting upstream uses the 1310 nm wavelength. This is accomplished using a passive splitter prism inside each transceiver. </p><p>Other, non-standard higher-powered single-strand optics commonly known as "BiDi" (bi-directional) utilize wavelength pairs in the 1490/1550 nm range, and are capable of reaching distances of 20, 40 and 80 km, or greater depending on module cost, fiber path loss, splices, connectors and patch panels. Very long reach BiDi optics may use 1510/1590 nm wavelength pairs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000BASE-ZX">1000BASE-ZX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1000BASE-ZX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1000BASE-ZX is a non-standard but multi-vendor<sup id="cite_ref-FS-SFP1G-ZX-55_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS-SFP1G-ZX-55-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> term to refer to Gigabit Ethernet transmission using 1,550 nm wavelength to achieve distances of at least 70 km (43 mi) over single-mode fiber. Some vendors specify distances up to 120 km (75 mi) over single-mode fiber, sometimes called 1000BASE-EZX. Ranges beyond 80 km are highly dependent upon the path loss of the fiber in use, specifically the attenuation figure in dB per km, the number and quality of connectors/patch panels and splices located between transceivers.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000BASE‑CWDM"><span id="1000BASE.E2.80.91CWDM"></span>1000BASE‑CWDM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 1000BASE‑CWDM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1000BASE-CWDM is a non-standard but industry accepted term<sup id="cite_ref-Cisco-CWDM-SFP_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cisco-CWDM-SFP-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FS-DWDM-info_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS-DWDM-info-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to refer to Gigabit Ethernet transmission. It is very similar to 1000BASE-LX10 but achieves longer distances up 40–120 km, and up to 18 parallel channels over a pair of single-mode fibers due to higher quality optics than LX10 and use of CWDM, running on 1270-1610 nm wavelength lasers. </p><p>Use of CWDM requires a Mux/Demux unit at both ends of the fiber link, a CWDM MUX/DEMUX with corresponding wavelengths, and SFP with corresponding wavelengths.<sup id="cite_ref-FS-DWDM-info_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS-DWDM-info-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is it also possible to DWDM in serie to increase number of channels. </p><p>Most uses Wavelengths: 1270 nm, 1290 nm, 1310 nm, 1330 nm, 1350 nm, 1370 nm, 1390 nm, 1410 nm, 1430 nm, 1450 nm, 1470 nm, 1490 nm, 1510 nm, 1530 nm, 1550 nm, 1570 nm, 1590 nm and 1610 nm </p><p>CWDM is cheaper to use than DWDM, about 1/5-1/3 of the cost.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CWDM is about 5-10 times more expensive the if you have the fiber available, then traditional -LX/-LZ transceivers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000BASE‑DWDM"><span id="1000BASE.E2.80.91DWDM"></span>1000BASE‑DWDM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 1000BASE‑DWDM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1000BASE-DWDM is a non-standard but industry accepted term<sup id="cite_ref-Cisco-DWDM-SFP_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cisco-DWDM-SFP-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FS-DWDM-info_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS-DWDM-info-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to refer to Gigabit Ethernet transmission. It is very similar to 1000BASE-LX10 but achieves longer distances up 40–120 km, and up to 64 to 160 parallel channels over a pair of single-mode fibers due to higher quality optics than LX10 and use of DWDM, running on 1528-1565 nm wavelength lasers. </p><p>The most used channels are CH17-61 on Wavelength 1528.77-1563-86 nm. </p><p>To use DWDM it is necessary to use a Mux/Demux unit on both ends of the fiber link, a DWDM MUX/DEMUX with corresponding wavelengths, and SFP with corresponding wavelengths.<sup id="cite_ref-FS-DWDM-info_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS-DWDM-info-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is it also possible to use CWDM in series to increase the number of channels.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000BASE-RHx">1000BASE-RH<i>x</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 1000BASE-RHx"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IEEE 802.3bv-2017 defines standardizes Gigabit Ethernet over step-index <a href="/wiki/Plastic_optical_fiber" title="Plastic optical fiber">plastic optical fiber</a> (POF) using -R <a href="/wiki/64b/66b_encoding" title="64b/66b encoding">64b/65b</a> large block encoding with red light (600–700 nm). 1000BASE-RHA is intended for home and consumer use (just clamping the bare POF), 1000BASE-RHB for industrial, and 1000BASE-RHC for automotive applications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Optical_interoperability">Optical interoperability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Optical interoperability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There may be optical interoperability with respective 1000BASE-X Ethernet interfaces on the same link.<sup id="cite_ref-Cisco-100BASE-X_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cisco-100BASE-X-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also possible with certain types of optics to have a mismatch in wavelength.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To achieve interoperability some criteria have to be met:<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_encoding" class="mw-redirect" title="Line encoding">Line encoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">Wavelength</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplex_(telecommunications)" title="Duplex (telecommunications)">Duplex mode</a></li> <li>Media count</li> <li>Media type and dimension</li></ul> <p>1000BASE-X Ethernet is not backward compatible with <a href="/wiki/100BASE-X" class="mw-redirect" title="100BASE-X">100BASE-X</a> and is not forward compatible with <a href="/wiki/10_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="10 Gigabit Ethernet">10GBASE-X</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interface_bit_rates" title="List of interface bit rates">List of interface bit rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_coding_sublayer" title="Physical coding sublayer">Physical coding sublayer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In ISO the length is purely informative. The length is not a pass/fail criterion as testing the conformance to EN 50173 series standards.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It may be possible for certain types of optics to work with a mismatch in wavelength.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee802.org/3/ae/index.html">"IEEE P802.3ae 10Gb/s Ethernet Task Force"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IEEE+P802.3ae+10Gb%2Fs+Ethernet+Task+Force&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieee802.org%2F3%2Fae%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGigabit+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apple-history.com/frames/body.php?page=gallery&model=g4giga">"Power Macintosh G4 (Gigabit Ethernet)"</a>. apple-history.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Power+Macintosh+G4+%28Gigabit+Ethernet%29&rft.pub=apple-history.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple-history.com%2Fframes%2Fbody.php%3Fpage%3Dgallery%26model%3Dg4giga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGigabit+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A single repeater per collision domain is defined in IEEE 802.3 2008 Section 3: 41. Repeater for 1000 Mb/s baseband networks</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TDG_ETH_2nd-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TDG_ETH_2nd_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TDG_ETH_2nd_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_E._Spurgeon2014" class="citation book cs1">Charles E. Spurgeon (2014). <i>Ethernet: The Definitive Guide</i> (2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-6184-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-6184-6"><bdi>978-1-4493-6184-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethernet%3A+The+Definitive+Guide&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4493-6184-6&rft.au=Charles+E.+Spurgeon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGigabit+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrera" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Barrera, Dan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNa_IdfivKs"><i>Interview: Dan Barrera With Ideal Networks About TIA 42 Cabling Standards & Testing Processes</i></a>. <i>Youtube</i>. 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June 6, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=arstechnica.com&rft.atitle=Fiber+incompatabilities%3F+-+Ars+Technica+OpenForum&rft.date=2006-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fcivis%2Fviewtopic.php%3Fp%3D6647265%26sid%3D1207bc662946d0bf8ff15eac6753a819%23p6647265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGigabit+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (May 2020)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nanog.org/sites/default/files/Steenbergen.Everything_You_Need.pdf">"Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Optical Networking – But Were Afraid to Ask"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>archive.nanog.org</i>. Richard A Steenbergen<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.nanog.org&rft.atitle=Everything+You+Always+Wanted+to+Know+About+Optical+Networking+%E2%80%93+But+Were+Afraid+to+Ask&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nanog.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FSteenbergen.Everything_You_Need.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGigabit+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Norris_(technology_writer)" title="Mark Norris (technology writer)">Norris, Mark</a>, <i>Gigabit Ethernet Technology and Applications</i>, Artech House, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58053-505-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-58053-505-4">1-58053-505-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigabit_Ethernet&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/802.3.html">Get IEEE 802.3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100726111446/http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/802.3.html">Archived</a> July 26, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee802.org/3/">IEEE 802.3</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/802.3ab.html">IEEE and Gigabit Ethernet Alliance Announce Formal Ratification of gigabit Ethernet Over Copper Standard</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090731124319/http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/802.3ab.html">Archived</a> July 31, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - Announcement from IEEE June 28, 1999</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/3/ab/">IEEE P802.3ab 1000BASE-T Task Force</a> (historical information)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/3/">IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD (ETHERNET)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.10gea.org/1000base-t/">1000BASE-T Whitepaper from 10GEA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702232437/http://www.10gea.org/1000base-t/">Archived</a> July 2, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205143649/http://www.dell.com/content/topics/global.aspx/power/en/ps1q01_hernan?c=us&l=en&cs=555">Gigabit Ethernet Auto-Negotiation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethernet" title="Template:Ethernet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethernet" title="Template talk:Ethernet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethernet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethernet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethernet_family_of_local_area_network_technologies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> family of <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area network</a> technologies</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Ethernet" title="Classic Ethernet">10 Mbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Ethernet" title="Fast Ethernet">100 Mbit/s</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2.5GBASE-T_and_5GBASE-T" title="2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T">2.5 and 5 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="10 Gigabit Ethernet">10 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="25 Gigabit Ethernet">25 and 50 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="100 Gigabit Ethernet">40 and 100 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terabit_Ethernet" title="Terabit Ethernet">200, 400, 800 and 1600 Gbit/s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_physical_layer" title="Ethernet physical layer">Physical layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonegotiation" title="Autonegotiation">Autonegotiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EtherType" title="EtherType">EtherType</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_flow_control" title="Ethernet flow control">Flow control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_frame" title="Ethernet frame">Frames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumbo_frame" title="Jumbo frame">Jumbos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.3" title="IEEE 802.3">IEEE 802.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_Alliance" title="Ethernet Alliance">Ethernet Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_over_fiber" title="Ethernet over fiber">Fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_over_twisted_pair" title="Ethernet over twisted pair">Twisted pair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_over_coax" title="Ethernet over coax">Coaxial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_in_the_first_mile" title="Ethernet in the first mile">First mile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10G-EPON" title="10G-EPON">10G-EPON</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrier-sense_multiple_access_with_collision_detection" title="Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection">CSMA/CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StarLAN" title="StarLAN">StarLAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BROAD36" title="10BROAD36">10BROAD36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE-FB" class="mw-redirect" title="10BASE-FB">10BASE-FB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE-FL" class="mw-redirect" title="10BASE-FL">10BASE-FL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE5" title="10BASE5">10BASE5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE2" title="10BASE2">10BASE2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_Attachment_Unit" title="Medium Attachment Unit">MAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_inter-repeater_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiber-optic inter-repeater link">FOIRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100BaseVG" title="100BaseVG">100BaseVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LattisNet" title="LattisNet">LattisNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Reach_Ethernet" title="Long Reach Ethernet">Long Reach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_over_Ethernet" title="Audio over Ethernet">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_Ethernet" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive Ethernet">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_Ethernet" title="Carrier Ethernet">Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_center_bridging" title="Data center bridging">Data center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy-Efficient_Ethernet" title="Energy-Efficient Ethernet">Energy Efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Ethernet" title="Industrial Ethernet">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Ethernet" title="Metro Ethernet">Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_over_Ethernet" title="Power over Ethernet">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_Ethernet" title="Synchronous Ethernet">Synchronous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transceiver" title="Transceiver">Transceivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gigabit_interface_converter" title="Gigabit interface converter">GBIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Form-factor_Pluggable" title="Small Form-factor Pluggable">SFP/SFP+/QSFP/QSFP+/OSFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XENPAK" title="XENPAK">XENPAK</a>/<a href="/wiki/X2_transceiver" title="X2 transceiver">X2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFP_transceiver" title="XFP transceiver">XFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_form-factor_pluggable" title="C form-factor pluggable">CFP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_Unit_Interface" title="Attachment Unit Interface">AUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAD_socket" title="EAD socket">EAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium-dependent_interface" title="Medium-dependent interface">MDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media-independent_interface" title="Media-independent interface">MII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigabit_media-independent_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigabit media-independent interface">GMII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_gigabit_media-independent_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="10 gigabit media-independent interface">XGMII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAUI" title="XAUI">XAUI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethernet" title="Category:Ethernet">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons 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