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.ib-baseball-bio-module{width:100%;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9)}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member-header{background:#3d0001}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member[style*="background"]{background:#0c0a6b!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member-header{background:#3d0001}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member[style*="background"]{background:#0c0a6b!important}}</style><table class="infobox ib-baseball-bio vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><span class="note">Sam Leever</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sleever.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sleever.jpg/220px-Sleever.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="385" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sleever.jpg/330px-Sleever.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Sleever.jpg 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Pitcher" title="Pitcher">Pitcher</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Born:</b> <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1871-12-23</span>)</span>December 23, 1871<br /><a href="/wiki/Goshen,_Ohio" title="Goshen, Ohio">Goshen, Ohio</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Died:</b> May 19, 1953<span style="display:none">(1953-05-19)</span> (aged 81)<br />Goshen, Ohio, U.S.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-baseball-bio-batsthrows"><div><b>Batted:</b> Right</div><div><b>Threw:</b> Right</div></div></td></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">MLB debut</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">May 26, 1898, for the Pittsburgh Pirates</td></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Last MLB appearance</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">September 26, 1910, for the Pittsburgh Pirates</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">MLB statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Win%E2%80%93loss_record_(pitching)" title="Win–loss record (pitching)">Win–loss record</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">194–100</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Earned_run_average" title="Earned run average">Earned run average</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">2.47</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">Strikeouts</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">847</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;"><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/l/leevesa01.shtml">Stats</a> at <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Reference" title="Baseball Reference">Baseball Reference</a></b> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7407781#P1825" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Teams</th></tr><tr class="ib-baseball-bio-teams"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Pittsburgh Pirates">Pittsburgh Pirates</a> (1898–1910)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Career highlights and awards</th></tr><tr class="ib-baseball-bio-highlights"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> champion (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_ERA_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders">NL ERA leader</a> (1903)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Samuel Leever</b> (December 23, 1871 – May 19, 1953), nicknamed "<b>the Goshen Schoolmaster</b>", was an American right-handed <a href="/wiki/Pitcher" title="Pitcher">pitcher</a> in <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>. He spent his entire career with the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Pittsburgh Pirates">Pittsburgh Pirates</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Leever&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sam Leever was born in <a href="/wiki/Goshen,_Ohio" title="Goshen, Ohio">Goshen, Ohio</a>, the fourth child of Edward Leever, a farmer, and Ameredith Andelia (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> Watson) Leever.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Goshen_High_School_(Ohio)" title="Goshen High School (Ohio)">Goshen High School</a>, and then became a teacher there for several years.<sup id="cite_ref-ancestry1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancestry1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_baseball_career">Professional baseball career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Leever&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Professional baseball career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leever's first year in the Major Leagues was 1898 at age 26, making his debut on May 26 against the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Washington_Senators_(1901%E2%80%931960)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Washington Senators (1901–1960)">Washington Senators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of that debut, the <i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette" title="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</a></i> wrote, "The interest of the 1,300 spectators was largely centered in the work of Leever, who had his first chance in a championship game. Leever is a big, strong fellow, who has plenty of speed and some good curves to help out in a pinch ... He is not afraid to put the ball over the plate."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year he pitched in 5 games for the Pirates. However, the following year he led the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> in games pitched with 51 and in innings pitched with 379 as he posted a record of 21–23. In 1901 and 1905 he led the league in winning percentage (14–5 and 20–5, respectively), as well as in 1903, when he had his best season, going 25–7 with a league-leading 2.06 <a href="/wiki/Earned_run_average" title="Earned run average">earned run average</a> (ERA).<sup id="cite_ref-baseball-reference1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baseball-reference1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1903 Leever also led the Pirates to their third consecutive National League pennant. However he injured his shoulder late in the season and was ineffective in the first-ever <a href="/wiki/1903_World_Series" title="1903 World Series">World Series</a>, losing both of his starts as the Pirates were defeated by <a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leever later went 8–1 for the 1909 Pirates, when they won their first World Series title. His lifetime ERA was 2.47, and he had a 194–100 record, 847 <a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">strikeouts</a>, 39 shutouts, 241 complete games, 587 <a href="/wiki/Base_on_balls" title="Base on balls">walks</a>, and only 29 <a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">home runs</a> allowed in 2,660.2 innings. </p><p>As a hitter, Leever posted a .184 <a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)" title="Batting average (baseball)">batting average</a> (183-for-993) with 90 <a href="/wiki/Run_(baseball)" title="Run (baseball)">runs</a>, 17 <a href="/wiki/Double_(baseball)" title="Double (baseball)">doubles</a>, 14 <a href="/wiki/Triple_(baseball)" title="Triple (baseball)">triples</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">home runs</a>, 78 <a href="/wiki/Runs_batted_in" class="mw-redirect" title="Runs batted in">runs batted in</a>, and 49 bases on balls.<sup id="cite_ref-baseball-reference1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baseball-reference1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Leever&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sam Leever married Margaret Leever in 1903 when he was 32 and she was 18. They had no children.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in 1953 at age 81 in <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Ohio" title="Batavia, Ohio">Batavia, Ohio</a> near his hometown of Goshen.<sup id="cite_ref-ancestry1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancestry1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wife Margaret died in 1959. They are buried in Goshen Cemetery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Leever&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/64px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ohio" title="Portal:Ohio">Ohio portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_ERA_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders">List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_shutout_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual shutout leaders">List of Major League Baseball annual shutout leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_saves_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual saves leaders">List of Major League Baseball annual saves leaders</a></li> <li><a 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=2541&h=499874&queryId=cce608d29f2e4a87df015947953cc699&usePUB=true&_phsrc=YsW1&_phstart=successSource&requr=2550866976735232&ur=0&gsfn=&gsln=&h=499874">"Register"</a></span>. <i>www.ancestry.com</i>.</cite><span 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November 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Goshen+Schools+board+member+resigns%3B+Board+also+discusses+Sam+Leever%2C+credentialing%2C+and+graduation&rft.date=2019-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clermontsun.com%2F2019%2F11%2F21%2Fgoshen-schools-board-member-resigns-board-also-discusses-sam-leever-credentialing-and-graduation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Leever" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/1898/05/26/">"Major League Scores, Standings, Box Scores for Thursday, May 26, 1898"</a>. <i>Baseball-Reference.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=Major+League+Scores%2C+Standings%2C+Box+Scores+for+Thursday%2C+May+26%2C+1898&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fboxes%2F1898%2F05%2F26%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Leever" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/85460474">"27 May 1898, Page 6 - Pittsburgh Post-Gazette at"</a>. Newspapers.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=27+May+1898%2C+Page+6+-+Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette+at&rft.pub=Newspapers.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F85460474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Leever" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baseball-reference1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-baseball-reference1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baseball-reference1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/l/leevesa01.shtml">"Sam Leever Stats"</a>. <i>Baseball-Reference.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=Sam+Leever+Stats&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fplayers%2Fl%2Fleevesa01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Leever" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/1903_WS.shtml">"1903 World Series - Boston Americans over Pittsburgh Pirates (5-3)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1903+World+Series+-+Boston+Americans+over+Pittsburgh+Pirates+%285-3%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fpostseason%2F1903_WS.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Leever" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6224/images/4638896_00994?usePUB=true&_phsrc=YsW4&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&pId=74394533">https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6224/images/4638896_00994?usePUB=true&_phsrc=YsW4&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&pId=74394533</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources#User-generated_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources"><span title="This reference citation appears to be to a user-generated source. (March 2022)">user-generated source</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Leever&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sam_Leever" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sam Leever">Sam Leever</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Career statistics from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/l/leevesa01.shtml">Baseball Reference</a>, or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=leever001sam">Baseball Reference (Minors)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/20718">Sam Leever</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7407781#P535" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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Pittsburgh Pirates"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1901_Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1901 Pittsburgh Pirates"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pittsburgh_Pirates_1901_National_League_champions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Pittsburgh Pirates"><span style="color:white">Pittsburgh Pirates</span></a> 1901 <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)"><span style="color:white">National League</span></a> champions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Beaumont" title="Ginger Beaumont">Ginger Beaumont</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Bransfield" title="Kitty Bransfield">Kitty Bransfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Chesbro" title="Jack Chesbro">Jack Chesbro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Clarke" title="Fred Clarke">Fred Clarke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lefty_Davis" title="Lefty Davis">Lefty Davis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Doheny" title="Ed Doheny">Ed Doheny</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bones_Ely" title="Bones Ely">Bones Ely</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Leach" title="Tommy Leach">Tommy Leach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sam Leever</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Connor_(catcher)" title="Jack O'Connor (catcher)">Jack O'Connor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deacon_Phillippe" title="Deacon Phillippe">Deacon Phillippe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Poole" title="Ed Poole">Ed Poole</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Ritchey" title="Claude Ritchey">Claude Ritchey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Tannehill" title="Jesse Tannehill">Jesse Tannehill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Honus_Wagner" title="Honus Wagner">Honus Wagner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Snake_Wiltse" title="Snake Wiltse">Snake Wiltse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Yeager" title="George Yeager">George Yeager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Zimmer" title="Chief Zimmer">Chief Zimmer</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Manager <a href="/wiki/Fred_Clarke" title="Fred Clarke">Fred Clarke</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ba313c; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #023465, inset -2px -2px 0 #023465;;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1901_Pittsburgh_Pirates_season" title="1901 Pittsburgh Pirates season"><span style="color:white">Regular season</span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pittsburgh_Pirates_1902_National_League_champions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#023465; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #ba313c, inset -2px -2px 0 #ba313c;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1902_Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Template:1902 Pittsburgh Pirates"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1902_Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Template talk:1902 Pittsburgh Pirates"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1902_Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1902 Pittsburgh Pirates"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pittsburgh_Pirates_1902_National_League_champions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Pittsburgh Pirates"><span style="color:white">Pittsburgh Pirates</span></a> 1902 <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)"><span style="color:white">National League</span></a> champions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Beaumont" title="Ginger Beaumont">Ginger Beaumont</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Bransfield" title="Kitty Bransfield">Kitty Bransfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Burke_(baseball)" title="Jimmy Burke (baseball)">Jimmy Burke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Chesbro" title="Jack Chesbro">Jack Chesbro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Clarke" title="Fred Clarke">Fred Clarke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wid_Conroy" title="Wid Conroy">Wid Conroy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lefty_Davis" title="Lefty Davis">Lefty Davis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Doheny" title="Ed Doheny">Ed Doheny</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Leach" title="Tommy Leach">Tommy Leach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sam Leever</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Connor_(catcher)" title="Jack O'Connor (catcher)">Jack O'Connor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deacon_Phillippe" title="Deacon Phillippe">Deacon Phillippe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Ritchey" title="Claude Ritchey">Claude Ritchey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Smith_(1900s_catcher)" title="Harry Smith (1900s catcher)">Harry Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Tannehill" title="Jesse Tannehill">Jesse Tannehill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Honus_Wagner" title="Honus Wagner">Honus Wagner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Zimmer" title="Chief Zimmer">Chief Zimmer</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Manager <a href="/wiki/Fred_Clarke" title="Fred Clarke">Fred Clarke</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ba313c; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #023465, inset -2px -2px 0 #023465;;"><div><a href="/wiki/1902_Pittsburgh_Pirates_season" title="1902 Pittsburgh Pirates season"><span style="color:white">Regular season</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div 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Abstein</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Babe_Adams" title="Babe Adams">Babe Adams</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chick_Brandom" title="Chick Brandom">Chick Brandom</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Byrne_(baseball)" title="Bobby Byrne (baseball)">Bobby Byrne</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Camnitz" title="Harry Camnitz">Harry Camnitz</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Howie_Camnitz" title="Howie Camnitz">Howie Camnitz</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Clarke" title="Fred Clarke">Fred Clarke</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Frock" title="Sam Frock">Sam Frock</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Gibson_(baseball)" title="George Gibson (baseball)">George Gibson</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ham_Hyatt" title="Ham Hyatt">Ham Hyatt</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Leach" title="Tommy Leach">Tommy Leach</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sam Leever</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lefty_Leifield" title="Lefty Leifield">Lefty Leifield</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nick_Maddox" title="Nick Maddox">Nick Maddox</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dots_Miller" title="Dots Miller">Dots Miller</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Moore_(pitcher)" title="Gene Moore (pitcher)">Gene Moore</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paddy_O%27Connor" title="Paddy O'Connor">Paddy O'Connor</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deacon_Phillippe" title="Deacon Phillippe">Deacon Phillippe</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Powell_(baseball)" title="Bill Powell (baseball)">Bill Powell</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Simon" title="Mike Simon">Mike Simon</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Wacker" title="Jimmy Wacker">Jimmy Wacker</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Honus_Wagner" title="Honus Wagner">Honus Wagner</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vic_Willis" title="Vic Willis">Vic Willis</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Wilson" title="Chief Wilson">Chief Wilson</a></span></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nowrap">Manager</span></dt> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Clarke" title="Fred Clarke">Fred Clarke</a></span></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #E31837 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #003E7E, inset -2px -2px 0 #003E7E; !important;;"><div> <dl><dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1909_Pittsburgh_Pirates_season" title="1909 Pittsburgh Pirates season"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Regular season</span></a></span></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pittsburgh_Pirates_Opening_Day_starting_pitchers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FDB827, inset -2px -2px 0 #FDB827; !important;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pittsburgh_Pirates_Opening_Day_starting_pitchers" title="Template:Pittsburgh Pirates Opening Day starting pitchers"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pittsburgh_Pirates_Opening_Day_starting_pitchers" title="Template talk:Pittsburgh Pirates Opening Day starting pitchers"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pittsburgh_Pirates_Opening_Day_starting_pitchers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pittsburgh Pirates Opening Day starting pitchers"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pittsburgh_Pirates_Opening_Day_starting_pitchers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Pittsburgh Pirates"><span style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important;"><span style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important;">Pittsburgh Pirates</span></span></a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pittsburgh_Pirates_Opening_Day_starting_pitchers" title="List of Pittsburgh Pirates Opening Day starting pitchers"><span style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important;">Opening Day starting pitchers</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Babe_Adams" title="Babe Adams">Babe Adams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vic_Aldridge" title="Vic Aldridge">Vic Aldridge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Baldwin_(baseball)" title="Mark Baldwin (baseball)">Mark Baldwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rik_B%C3%A9dard" title="Érik Bédard">Érik Bédard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kris_Benson" title="Kris Benson">Kris Benson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bibby" title="Jim Bibby">Jim Bibby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cy_Blanton" title="Cy Blanton">Cy Blanton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Blass" title="Steve Blass">Steve Blass</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bert_Blyleven" title="Bert Blyleven">Bert Blyleven</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/JT_Brubaker" title="JT Brubaker">JT Brubaker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bunning" title="Jim Bunning">Jim Bunning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A._J._Burnett" title="A. J. Burnett">A. J. Burnett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Butcher" title="Max Butcher">Max Butcher</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Howie_Camnitz" title="Howie Camnitz">Howie Camnitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Candelaria" title="John Candelaria">John Candelaria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Chambers" title="Cliff Chambers">Cliff Chambers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Chesnes" title="Bob Chesnes">Bob Chesnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Cole" title="Gerrit Cole">Gerrit Cole</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilbur_Cooper" title="Wilbur Cooper">Wilbur Cooper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_C%C3%B3rdova_(baseball)" title="Francisco Córdova (baseball)">Francisco Córdova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Correia" title="Kevin Correia">Kevin Correia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pete_Daniels" title="Pete Daniels">Pete Daniels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murry_Dickson" title="Murry Dickson">Murry Dickson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Doug_Drabek" title="Doug Drabek">Doug Drabek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denny_Driscoll" title="Denny Driscoll">Denny Driscoll</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zach_Duke" title="Zach Duke">Zach Duke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Dunne_(baseball)" title="Mike Dunne (baseball)">Mike Dunne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dock_Ellis" title="Dock Ellis">Dock Ellis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Flaherty" title="Patsy Flaherty">Patsy Flaherty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Fox_(baseball)" title="John Fox (baseball)">John Fox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Francis" title="Earl Francis">Earl Francis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_French" title="Larry French">Larry French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Friend" title="Bob Friend">Bob Friend</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pud_Galvin" title="Pud Galvin">Pud Galvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hal_Gregg" title="Hal Gregg">Hal Gregg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burleigh_Grimes" title="Burleigh Grimes">Burleigh Grimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pink_Hawley" title="Pink Hawley">Pink Hawley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waite_Hoyt" title="Waite Hoyt">Waite Hoyt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Jacobs" title="Elmer Jacobs">Elmer Jacobs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erv_Kantlehner" title="Erv Kantlehner">Erv Kantlehner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mitch_Keller" title="Mitch Keller">Mitch Keller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Killen" title="Frank Killen">Frank Killen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Kline" title="Ron Kline">Ron Kline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Klinger" title="Bob Klinger">Bob Klinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Kremer" title="Ray Kremer">Ray Kremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chad_Kuhl" title="Chad Kuhl">Chad Kuhl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Leary" title="Jack Leary">Jack Leary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sam Leever</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Lieber" title="Jon Lieber">Jon Lieber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Liriano" title="Francisco Liriano">Francisco Liriano</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Maholm" title="Paul Maholm">Paul Maholm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_McQuillan" title="George McQuillan">George McQuillan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Doc_Medich" title="Doc Medich">Doc Medich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heine_Meine" title="Heine Meine">Heine Meine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Morris_(1880s_pitcher)" title="Ed Morris (1880s pitcher)">Ed Morris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Morrison_(baseball)" title="Johnny Morrison (baseball)">Johnny Morrison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Musgrove" title="Joe Musgrove">Joe Musgrove</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Nova" title="Iván Nova">Iván Nova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Ostermueller" title="Fritz Ostermueller">Fritz Ostermueller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Patterson_(baseball)" title="Bob Patterson (baseball)">Bob Patterson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deacon_Phillippe" title="Deacon Phillippe">Deacon Phillippe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93liver_P%C3%A9rez" title="Óliver Pérez">Óliver Pérez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rick_Reuschel" title="Rick Reuschel">Rick Reuschel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Reuss" title="Jerry Reuss">Jerry Reuss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rick_Rhoden" title="Rick Rhoden">Rick Rhoden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Ritchie" title="Todd Ritchie">Todd Ritchie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Preacher_Roe" title="Preacher Roe">Preacher Roe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Schmidt" title="Jason Schmidt">Jason Schmidt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rip_Sewell" title="Rip Sewell">Rip Sewell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zane_Smith_(baseball)" title="Zane Smith (baseball)">Zane Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Snell" title="Ian Snell">Ian Snell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Surkont" title="Max Surkont">Max Surkont</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Swift_(1930s_pitcher)" title="Bill Swift (1930s pitcher)">Bill Swift</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jameson_Taillon" title="Jameson Taillon">Jameson Taillon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Tannehill" title="Jesse Tannehill">Jesse Tannehill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Veale" title="Bob Veale">Bob Veale</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Villone" title="Ron Villone">Ron Villone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wagner" title="Paul Wagner">Paul Wagner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Wakefield" title="Tim Wakefield">Tim Wakefield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Walk" title="Bob Walk">Bob Walk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kip_Wells" title="Kip Wells">Kip Wells</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vic_Willis" title="Vic Willis">Vic Willis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Yde" title="Emil Yde">Emil Yde</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_League_season_ERA_leaders" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NL_ERA_champions" title="Template:NL ERA champions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NL_ERA_champions" title="Template talk:NL ERA champions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NL_ERA_champions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NL ERA champions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_League_season_ERA_leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_ERA_leaders#National_League" title="List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders">National League season ERA leaders</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1876: <a href="/wiki/George_Bradley" title="George Bradley">Bradley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1877: <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Bond_(baseball)" title="Tommy Bond (baseball)">Bond</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1878: <a href="/wiki/John_Montgomery_Ward" title="John Montgomery Ward">Ward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1879: <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Bond_(baseball)" title="Tommy Bond (baseball)">Bond</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1880: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Keefe" title="Tim Keefe">Keefe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1881: <a href="/wiki/Stump_Weidman" title="Stump Weidman">Weidman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1882: <a href="/wiki/Larry_Corcoran" title="Larry Corcoran">Corcoran</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1883: <a href="/wiki/Jim_McCormick_(pitcher)" title="Jim McCormick (pitcher)">J. McCormick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1884: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Radbourn" title="Charles Radbourn">Radbourn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1885: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Keefe" title="Tim Keefe">Keefe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1886: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Boyle_(baseball)" title="Henry Boyle (baseball)">Boyle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1887: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Casey_(baseball)" title="Dan Casey (baseball)">Casey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1888: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Keefe" title="Tim Keefe">Keefe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1889: <a href="/wiki/John_Clarkson" title="John Clarkson">Clarkson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1890: <a href="/wiki/Billy_Rhines" title="Billy Rhines">Rhines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1891: <a href="/wiki/John_Ewing_(baseball)" title="John Ewing (baseball)">Ewing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1892: <a href="/wiki/Cy_Young" title="Cy Young">Young</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1893: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Breitenstein" title="Ted Breitenstein">Breitenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1894: <a href="/wiki/Amos_Rusie" title="Amos Rusie">Rusie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1895: <a href="/wiki/Al_Maul" title="Al Maul">Maul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1896: <a href="/wiki/Billy_Rhines" title="Billy Rhines">Rhines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1897: <a href="/wiki/Amos_Rusie" title="Amos Rusie">Rusie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1898: <a href="/wiki/Clark_Griffith" title="Clark Griffith">Griffith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1899: <a href="/wiki/Vic_Willis" title="Vic Willis">Willis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1900: <a href="/wiki/Rube_Waddell" title="Rube Waddell">Waddell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Tannehill" title="Jesse Tannehill">Tannehill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Taylor_(1900s_pitcher)" title="Jack Taylor (1900s pitcher)">Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leever</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/Joe_McGinnity" title="Joe McGinnity">McGinnity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Christy_Mathewson" title="Christy Mathewson">Mathewson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Brown" title="Mordecai Brown">M. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Pfiester" title="Jack Pfiester">Pfiester</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Christy_Mathewson" title="Christy Mathewson">Mathewson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Christy_Mathewson" title="Christy Mathewson">Mathewson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/King_Cole_(baseball)" title="King Cole (baseball)">Cole</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Christy_Mathewson" title="Christy Mathewson">Mathewson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Tesreau" title="Jeff Tesreau">Tesreau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Christy_Mathewson" title="Christy Mathewson">Mathewson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Doak" title="Bill Doak">Doak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_Alexander" title="Grover Cleveland Alexander">Alexander</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1916: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_Alexander" title="Grover Cleveland Alexander">Alexander</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/Fred_Anderson_(baseball)" title="Fred Anderson (baseball)">Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Hippo_Vaughn" title="Hippo Vaughn">Vaughn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_Alexander" title="Grover Cleveland Alexander">Alexander</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_Alexander" title="Grover Cleveland Alexander">Alexander</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Doak" title="Bill Doak">Doak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Phil_Douglas_(baseball)" title="Phil Douglas (baseball)">Douglas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Dolf_Luque" title="Dolf Luque">Luque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Dazzy_Vance" title="Dazzy Vance">Vance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Dolf_Luque" title="Dolf Luque">Luque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Kremer" title="Ray Kremer">Kremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Kremer" title="Ray Kremer">Kremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Dazzy_Vance" title="Dazzy Vance">Vance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Walker_(baseball)" title="Bill Walker (baseball)">Walker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Dazzy_Vance" title="Dazzy Vance">Vance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Walker_(baseball)" title="Bill Walker (baseball)">Walker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Lon_Warneke" title="Lon Warneke">Warneke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Hubbell" title="Carl Hubbell">Hubbell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Hubbell" title="Carl Hubbell">Hubbell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Cy_Blanton" title="Cy Blanton">Blanton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Hubbell" title="Carl Hubbell">Hubbell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Turner_(baseball)" title="Jim Turner (baseball)">Turner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Lee_(right-handed_pitcher)" title="Bill Lee (right-handed pitcher)">Lee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Bucky_Walters" title="Bucky Walters">Walters</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1940: <a href="/wiki/Bucky_Walters" title="Bucky Walters">Walters</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1941: <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Riddle" title="Elmer Riddle">Riddle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1942: <a href="/wiki/Mort_Cooper" title="Mort Cooper">Cooper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/Max_Lanier" title="Max Lanier">Lanier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Ed_Heusser" title="Ed Heusser">Heusser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Prim" title="Ray Prim">Prim</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Howie_Pollet" title="Howie Pollet">Pollet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Warren_Spahn" title="Warren Spahn">Spahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Brecheen" title="Harry Brecheen">Brecheen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/Dave_Koslo" title="Dave Koslo">Koslo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Sal_Maglie" title="Sal Maglie">Maglie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Chet_Nichols_Jr." title="Chet Nichols Jr.">Nichols Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Wilhelm" title="Hoyt Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Warren_Spahn" title="Warren Spahn">Spahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Antonelli" title="Johnny Antonelli">Antonelli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Friend" title="Bob Friend">Friend</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Lew_Burdette" title="Lew Burdette">Burdette</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Podres" title="Johnny Podres">Podres</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Stu_Miller" title="Stu Miller">Miller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Jones_(baseball)" title="Sam Jones (baseball)">S. Jones</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Mike_McCormick_(pitcher)" title="Mike McCormick (pitcher)">M. McCormick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Warren_Spahn" title="Warren Spahn">Spahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Koufax" title="Sandy Koufax">Koufax</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Koufax" title="Sandy Koufax">Koufax</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Koufax" title="Sandy Koufax">Koufax</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Koufax" title="Sandy Koufax">Koufax</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Koufax" title="Sandy Koufax">Koufax</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Phil_Niekro" title="Phil Niekro">Niekro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Gibson" title="Bob Gibson">Gibson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Marichal" title="Juan Marichal">Marichal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Seaver" title="Tom Seaver">Seaver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Seaver" title="Tom Seaver">Seaver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Steve_Carlton" title="Steve Carlton">Carlton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Seaver" title="Tom Seaver">Seaver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Capra" title="Buzz Capra">Capra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Randy_Jones_(baseball)" title="Randy Jones (baseball)">R. Jones</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/John_Denny" title="John Denny">Denny</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/John_Candelaria" title="John Candelaria">Candelaria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Craig_Swan" title="Craig Swan">Swan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/J._R._Richard" title="J. R. Richard">Richard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Don_Sutton" title="Don Sutton">Sutton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Nolan_Ryan" title="Nolan Ryan">Ryan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Steve_Rogers_(baseball)" title="Steve Rogers (baseball)">Rogers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Atlee_Hammaker" title="Atlee Hammaker">Hammaker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Alejandro Peña">Peña</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Gooden" title="Dwight Gooden">Gooden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Scott_(baseball)" title="Mike Scott (baseball)">Scott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Nolan_Ryan" title="Nolan Ryan">Ryan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Magrane" title="Joe Magrane">Magrane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Garrelts" title="Scott Garrelts">Garrelts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Danny_Darwin" title="Danny Darwin">Darwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Dennis Martínez">D. Martínez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Swift" title="Bill Swift">Swift</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Greg_Maddux" title="Greg Maddux">Maddux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Greg_Maddux" title="Greg Maddux">Maddux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Greg_Maddux" title="Greg Maddux">Maddux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brown_(right-handed_pitcher)" title="Kevin Brown (right-handed pitcher)">K. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Pedro Martínez">P. Martínez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Greg_Maddux" title="Greg Maddux">Maddux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Randy_Johnson" title="Randy Johnson">R. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brown_(right-handed_pitcher)" title="Kevin Brown (right-handed pitcher)">K. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Randy_Johnson" title="Randy Johnson">R. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Randy_Johnson" title="Randy Johnson">R. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Jason_Schmidt" title="Jason Schmidt">Schmidt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Jake_Peavy" title="Jake Peavy">Peavy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Clemens" title="Roger Clemens">Clemens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Oswalt" title="Roy Oswalt">Oswalt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Jake_Peavy" title="Jake Peavy">Peavy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Johan_Santana" title="Johan Santana">Santana</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Chris_Carpenter" title="Chris Carpenter">Carpenter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Josh_Johnson_(pitcher)" title="Josh Johnson (pitcher)">J. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Clayton_Kershaw" title="Clayton Kershaw">Kershaw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Clayton_Kershaw" title="Clayton Kershaw">Kershaw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Clayton_Kershaw" title="Clayton Kershaw">Kershaw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Clayton_Kershaw" title="Clayton Kershaw">Kershaw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Zack_Greinke" title="Zack Greinke">Greinke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Kyle_Hendricks" title="Kyle Hendricks">Hendricks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Clayton_Kershaw" title="Clayton Kershaw">Kershaw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Jacob_deGrom" title="Jacob deGrom">deGrom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Hyun-jin_Ryu" title="Hyun-jin Ryu">Ryu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Bauer" title="Trevor Bauer">Bauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Corbin_Burnes" title="Corbin Burnes">Burnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Julio_Ur%C3%ADas" title="Julio Urías">Urías</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Blake_Snell" title="Blake Snell">Snell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/Chris_Sale" title="Chris Sale">Sale</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7407781#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7407781#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7407781#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/172164613">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcRbxBCjR49f7D8pCVBfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2011048496">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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