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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_and_medieval_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_and_medieval_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Early and medieval history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_and_medieval_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 British rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_and_modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_and_modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Contemporary and modern history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_and_modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography and climate </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography and climate subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Urban structure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Administration and politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utility_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utility_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Utility services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utility_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Landmarks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Tiruchirappalli</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" > 66 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="تيريوشيراببالي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيريوشيراببالي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تیروچیراپالی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تیروچیراپالی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80" title="তিরুচিরাপল্লী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তিরুচিরাপল্লী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_(si%C3%A2%E2%81%BF)" title="Tiruchirappalli (siâⁿ) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiruchirappalli (siâⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="तिरुचिरापल्ली – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तिरुचिरापल्ली" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappal%C2%B7li" title="Tiruchirappal·li – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tiruchirappal·li" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiru%C4%8D%C4%8Dir%C3%A1ppalli" title="Tiruččiráppalli – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tiruččiráppalli" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchchir%C4%81ppalli" title="Tiruchchirāppalli – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tiruchchirāppalli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiru%C4%89irapali" title="Tiruĉirapali – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tiruĉirapali" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تیروچیراپالی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیروچیراپالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EB%A3%A8%EC%B9%98%EB%9D%BC%ED%8C%94%EB%A6%AC" title="티루치라팔리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티루치라팔리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="तिरुचिरापल्ली – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तिरुचिरापल्ली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80" title="তিরুচিরাপল্লী – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="তিরুচিরাপল্লী" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirapalli" title="Tiruchirapalli – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tiruchirapalli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99" title="טירוצ'יראפאלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טירוצ'יראפאלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%BF" title="ತಿರುಚ್ಚಿರಾಪಳ್ಳಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತಿರುಚ್ಚಿರಾಪಳ್ಳಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirapalli" title="Tiruchirapalli – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tiruchirapalli" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ტირუჩირაპალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტირუჩირაპალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiru%C4%8Dirapalis" title="Tiručirapalis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tiručirapalis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruccsir%C3%A1palli" title="Tiruccsirápalli – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tiruccsirápalli" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="तिरुचिरापल्ली – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="तिरुचिरापल्ली" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF" title="തൃശ്ശിനാപ്പള്ളി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തൃശ്ശിനാപ്പള്ളി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="तिरुचिरापल्ली – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तिरुचिरापल्ली" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89" title="تيريوشيراببالى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تيريوشيراببالى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_(stad)" title="Tiruchirappalli (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tiruchirappalli (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="तिरुचिरापल्ली – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तिरुचिरापल्ली" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%83%E3%83%AA" title="ティルチラーパッリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ティルチラーパッリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਤਿਰੂਚਿਰਾਪੱਲੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਿਰੂਚਿਰਾਪੱਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ٹیروچیراپالی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹیروچیراپالی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%8A" title="تيروچيراپلي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تيروچيراپلي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirapalli" title="Tiruchirapalli – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tiruchirapalli" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Тируччираппалли – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тируччираппалли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%BF" title="तिरुचिरापळ्ळि – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तिरुचिरापळ्ळि" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱪᱤᱨᱟᱯᱚᱞᱞᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱪᱤᱨᱟᱯᱚᱞᱞᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiru%C3%A7irapalli" title="Tiruçirapalli – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tiruçirapalli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiru%C4%8Dirapali" title="Tiručirapali – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tiručirapali" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Тиручирапали – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тиручирапали" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="திருச்சிராப்பள்ளி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திருச்சிராப்பள்ளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Тиручираппалли – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тиручираппалли" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF" title="తిరుచిరాపల్లి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తిరుచిరాపల్లి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Тіручирапаллі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тіручирапаллі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تروچراپلی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تروچراپلی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirapalli" title="Tiruchirapalli – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiruchirapalli" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tiruchirappalli" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%82%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%95%E5%88%A9" title="蒂鲁吉拉帕利 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蒂鲁吉拉帕利" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirapalli" title="Tiruchirapalli – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tiruchirapalli" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%82%E9%AD%AF%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9" title="蒂魯吉拉伯利 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒂魯吉拉伯利" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q207754#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tiruchirappalli&params=10_47_25_N_78_42_17_E_type:city_region:IN">10°47′25″N 78°42′17″E / 10.79028°N 78.70472°E / 10.79028; 78.70472</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Tamil Nadu, India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Tamil Nadu, India. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tiruchirappalli (disambiguation)">Tiruchirappalli (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metropolis in Tamil Nadu, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Tiruchirappalli</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Trichy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="border:1;;height:178px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Rock_Fortress_-_Tiruchirappalli_-_India.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Rock_Fortress_-_Tiruchirappalli_-_India.JPG/238px-Rock_Fortress_-_Tiruchirappalli_-_India.JPG" decoding="async" width="238" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Rock_Fortress_-_Tiruchirappalli_-_India.JPG/357px-Rock_Fortress_-_Tiruchirappalli_-_India.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Rock_Fortress_-_Tiruchirappalli_-_India.JPG/476px-Rock_Fortress_-_Tiruchirappalli_-_India.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="border:1;;height:82px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Our_Lourdes_church_in_Tiruchirapalli_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Aerial_view_of_Our_Lourdes_church_in_Tiruchirapalli_2.jpg/124px-Aerial_view_of_Our_Lourdes_church_in_Tiruchirapalli_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Aerial_view_of_Our_Lourdes_church_in_Tiruchirapalli_2.jpg/186px-Aerial_view_of_Our_Lourdes_church_in_Tiruchirapalli_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Aerial_view_of_Our_Lourdes_church_in_Tiruchirapalli_2.jpg/248px-Aerial_view_of_Our_Lourdes_church_in_Tiruchirapalli_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4892" data-file-height="3259" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div style="border:1;;height:82px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Upper_Anaicut.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Upper_Anaicut.JPG/110px-Upper_Anaicut.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Upper_Anaicut.JPG/165px-Upper_Anaicut.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Upper_Anaicut.JPG/220px-Upper_Anaicut.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:80px;max-width:80px"><div style="border:1;;height:104px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiruvanaikaval14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tiruvanaikaval14.jpg/78px-Tiruvanaikaval14.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tiruvanaikaval14.jpg/117px-Tiruvanaikaval14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tiruvanaikaval14.jpg/156px-Tiruvanaikaval14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:158px;max-width:158px"><div style="border:1;;height:104px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:ELCOT_IT_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/ELCOT_IT_Park.jpg/156px-ELCOT_IT_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/ELCOT_IT_Park.jpg/234px-ELCOT_IT_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/ELCOT_IT_Park.jpg/312px-ELCOT_IT_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise from top: <a href="/wiki/Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_Srirangam" title="Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam">Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Church,_Tiruchirapalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Tiruchirapalli">Our Lady of Lourdes Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jambukeswarar_Temple,_Thiruvanaikaval" title="Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval">Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval</a>, <a href="/wiki/ELCOT_IT_Park_Trichy" title="ELCOT IT Park Trichy">ELCOT IT Park Trichy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirappalli Junction">Tiruchirappalli Junction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Anaicut" title="Upper Anaicut">Mukkombu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirapalli_Rock_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirapalli Rock Fort">Tiruchirapalli Rock Fort</a>.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 275px; height: 275px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="275" data-height="275" data-zoom="6" data-lat="10.83" data-lon="78.6" data-overlays="["_7b06cd04b9702b5263ab35041abfdf48d320d6d1"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/6/10.83/78.6/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,10.83,78.6,275x275.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Tiruchirappalli&revid=1258347775&groups=_7b06cd04b9702b5263ab35041abfdf48d320d6d1" width="275" height="275" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,10.83,78.6,275x275@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Tiruchirappalli&revid=1258347775&groups=_7b06cd04b9702b5263ab35041abfdf48d320d6d1 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Tiruchirappalli in Tamil Nadu</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tiruchirappalli&params=10_47_25_N_78_42_17_E_type:city_region:IN">10°47′25″N 78°42′17″E / 10.79028°N 78.70472°E / 10.79028; 78.70472</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/TamilNadu_Logo.svg/23px-TamilNadu_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/TamilNadu_Logo.svg/35px-TamilNadu_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/TamilNadu_Logo.svg/46px-TamilNadu_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="867" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_Tamil_Nadu" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts in Tamil Nadu">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirapalli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirapalli District">Tiruchirapalli</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporation">Municipal Corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_City_Municipal_Corporation" title="Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation">Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Mu. Anbalaagan</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Deputy Mayor<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">G. Dhivya</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Commissioner of Police<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">G. Karthikeyan IPS</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Member of Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Durai_Vaiko" title="Durai Vaiko">Durai Vaiko</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">167.23 km2 (64.57 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">211.51 km2 (81.66 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">81 m (266 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2011)<a href="#cite_note-expansion-5">[a]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">916,857<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_populous_cities_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most populous cities in India">52nd in India</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Tamil_Nadu_by_population" title="List of cities in Tamil Nadu by population">4th in Tamil Nadu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-UA_2011-6">[5]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,022,518</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of million-plus agglomerations in India">52nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Tiruchiite</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">PIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">620 xxx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telephone code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_India#Fixed_(landline)_numbers" title="Telephone numbers in India">0431</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">TN-45, TN-48, TN-81, TN-81A</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> , <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><a href="#cite_note-langoff-7">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">As</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>(2020)</th><td class="infobox-data">US$9.94 (equivalent to $11.7 in 2023)Billion<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trichycorporation.gov.in/">Trichy City Municipal Corporation</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Tiruchirappalli<a href="#cite_note-13">[b]</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Tamil pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">[ˈt̪iɾɯtːʃiɾaːpːaɭːi]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e6\/Tiruchirapalli.ogg\/Tiruchirapalli.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Tiruchirapalli.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/Tiruchirapalli.ogg/Tiruchirapalli.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Tiruchirapalli.ogg" title="File:Tiruchirapalli.ogg">ⓘ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renaming_of_cities_in_India" title="Renaming of cities in India">formerly</a> called Trichinopoly in English, also known as Tiruchi or Trichy), is a major <a href="/wiki/Tier_II_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Tier II city">tier II city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">Indian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> and the administrative headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_district" title="Tiruchirappalli district">Tiruchirappalli district</a>. The city is credited with being the best livable city,<a href="#cite_note-Karthik-14">[12]</a> the cleanest city of Tamil Nadu, as well as the fifth safest city for women in India.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> It is the fourth largest city as well as the fourth largest <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">urban agglomeration</a> in the state. Located 322 kilometres (200 mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> and 374 kilometres (232 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a>, Tiruchirappalli sits almost at the geographic centre of Tamil Nadu state. The <a href="/wiki/Cauvery_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Cauvery Delta">Cauvery Delta</a> begins 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the city where the <a href="/wiki/Kaveri" title="Kaveri">Kaveri river</a> splits into two, forming the island of <a href="/wiki/Srirangam" title="Srirangam">Srirangam</a> which is now incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_City_Municipal_Corporation" title="Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation">Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation</a>. The city occupies an area of 167.23 square kilometres (64.57 sq mi) and had a population of 916,857 in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-expansion-5">[a]</a> Tiruchirappalli's recorded history begins in the 3rd century BC, when it was under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Chola_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Chola Kingdom">Cholas</a>. The city has also been ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Mutharaiyars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutharaiyars">Mutharaiyars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pallavas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallavas">Pallavas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandyas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandyas">Pandyas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagar_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijayanagar Empire">Vijayanagar Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nayak_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Nayak Dynasty">Nayak Dynasty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_the_Carnatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawab of the Carnatic">Carnatic state</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British</a>. The most prominent historical monuments in Tiruchirappalli include the <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirapalli_Rock_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirapalli Rock Fort">Rockfort</a> at <a href="/wiki/Teppakulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Teppakulam">Teppakulam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Srirangam_Ranganathaswamy_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Srirangam Ranganathaswamy temple">Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam</a> dedicated to the reclining form of Hindu God Vishnu, and is also the largest functioning temple in the world, and the <a href="/wiki/Jambukeswarar_Temple,_Thiruvanaikaval" title="Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval">Jambukeswarar temple at Thiruvanaikaval</a>, which is also the largest temple for the Hindu God Shiva in the world. The archaeologically important town of <a href="/wiki/Uraiyur" title="Uraiyur">Uraiyur</a>, capital of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Cholas" title="Early Cholas">Early Cholas</a>, is now a neighbourhood in Tiruchirappalli. The city played a critical role in the <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnatic Wars">Carnatic Wars</a> (1746–1763) between the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">British</a> and the <a href="/wiki/French_East_India_Company" title="French East India Company">French East India companies</a>. The city is an important educational centre in the state of Tamil Nadu, and houses nationally recognized institutions such as <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology,_Tiruchirappalli" title="National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli">National Institute of Technology</a> (NIT), <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Tiruchirappalli" title="Indian Institute of Management Tiruchirappalli">Indian Institute of Management</a> (IIM),<a href="/wiki/Bharathidasan_University" title="Bharathidasan University">Bharathidasan University</a> (BDU), <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Information_Technology_Tiruchirappalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Information Technology Tiruchirappalli">Indian Institute of Information Technology</a> (IIIT), <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_National_Law_University" title="Tamil Nadu National Law University">Tamil Nadu National Law University</a> (NLU), <a href="/wiki/K.A.P._Viswanatham_Government_Medical_College" title="K.A.P. Viswanatham Government Medical College">Government Medical College</a>. Industrial units such as <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Heavy_Electricals_Limited" title="Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited">Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited</a> (BHEL), <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rock_Railway_Workshop" title="Golden Rock Railway Workshop">Golden Rock Railway Workshop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Factory_Tiruchirappalli" title="Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli">Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli</a> (OFT) and <a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Projectile_Factory" title="High Energy Projectile Factory">High Energy Projectile Factory</a> (HEPF) have their factories in the city. The presence of a large number of energy equipment manufacturing units in and around the city has earned it the title of "Energy Equipment and Fabrication Capital of India". It is one of the few towns and cities in <a href="/wiki/List_of_AMRUT_Smart_cities_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="List of AMRUT Smart cities in Tamil Nadu">List of AMRUT Smart cities in Tamil Nadu</a> selected for AMRUT Schemes <a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> from central government and the developmental activities are taken care by government of Tamil Nadu.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> Tiruchirappalli is internationally known for a brand of <a href="/wiki/Cheroot" title="Cheroot">cheroot</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Trichinopoly_cigar" title="Trichinopoly cigar">Trichinopoly cigar</a>, which was exported in large quantities to the United Kingdom during the 19th century. A major road and railway hub in the state, the city is served by the <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_International_Airport" title="Tiruchirappalli International Airport">Tiruchirappalli International Airport</a> (TRZ) which operates direct flights to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> (Dubai, Saudi Arabia) and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> (Singapore, Malaysia). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> Historically, Tiruchirappalli was commonly referred to in English as "Trichinopoly".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaques20071025-20">[18]</a> The shortened forms "Trichy" or "Tiruchi" are used in everyday speech and the full name Tiruchirapalli appears in official use by government and quasi-government offices but seldom used by the general public.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrayley-Hodgetts2008216-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELudden2004178-22">[20]</a> According to the late scholar <a href="/wiki/C._P._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="C. P. Brown">C. P. Brown</a>, Tiruchirappalli might be a derivative of the word Chiruta-palli (lit. "little town").<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHemingway19072-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYuleBurnell1903938-24">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Orientalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Orientalists">Orientalists</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Yule" title="Henry Yule">Henry Yule</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Coke_Burnell" title="Arthur Coke Burnell">Arthur Coke Burnell</a> have speculated that the name may derive from a rock inscription carved in the 16th century in which Tiruchirappalli is written as Tiru-ssila-palli, meaning "holy-rock-town" in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHemingway19072-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYuleBurnell1903938-24">[22]</a> Other scholars have suggested that the name Tiruchirappalli is a rewording of Tiru-chinna-palli, meaning "holy little town".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHemingway19072-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYuleBurnell1903938-24">[22]</a> The Madras Glossary gives the root as Tiruććināppalli or the "holy (tiru) village (palli) of the shina (<a href="/wiki/Cissampelos_pareira" title="Cissampelos pareira">Cissampelos pareira</a>) plant".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYuleBurnell1903938-24">[22]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu mythology</a>, Tiruchirappalli derives its name from the three-headed demon <a href="/wiki/Trishira" title="Trishira">Trishira</a>, who <a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Sanskrit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapas (Sanskrit)">meditated</a> on the Hindu god <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> near the present-day city to obtain favours from the god.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHemingway19072-23">[21]</a> An alternative derivation, albeit not universally accepted,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHemingway19072-23">[21]</a> is that the source of the city's name is the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word "Trishirapuram"—<a href="/wiki/Trishira" title="Trishira">Trishira</a>, meaning "three-headed", and palli or puram meaning "city".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHemingway19072-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYuleBurnell1903938-24">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Tiruchirappalli" title="History of Tiruchirappalli">History of Tiruchirappalli</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_and_medieval_history">Early and medieval history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early and medieval history">edit</a>]</div> Tiruchirappalli is one of the oldest inhabited cities in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>; its earliest settlements date back to the Sangam period.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThani_Nayagam1957324-25">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Uraiyur" title="Uraiyur">Uraiyur</a>, the capital of the Early Cholas for 600 years from the 3rd century BC onwards,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESastri193522-26">[24]</a> is a neighbourhood in the present-day Tiruchirappalli.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESastri193519-27">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck200640-28">[26]</a> The city is referred to as Orthoura by the historian <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> in his 2nd-century work <a href="/wiki/Geography_(Ptolemy)" title="Geography (Ptolemy)">Geography</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaldwell188125-29">[27]</a> The world's oldest surviving dam, the <a href="/wiki/Kallanai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kallanai">Kallanai</a> (Lower Anaicut) about 18 kilometres (11 mi) from Uraiyur,<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> was built across the Kaveri River by <a href="/wiki/Karikala_Chola" class="mw-redirect" title="Karikala Chola">Karikala Chola</a> in the 2nd century AD.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPujariKolheKumar2006102-31">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_Rock_Fort" title="Tiruchirappalli Rock Fort">Tiruchirappalli Rock Fort</a>, the rock is said to be one of the oldest formations in the world. It is 3.8 billion years old, as it is older than <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The medieval history of Tiruchirappalli begins with the reign of the Pallava king <a href="/wiki/Mahendravarman_I" title="Mahendravarman I">Mahendravarman I</a>, who ruled over South India in the 6th century AD and constructed the rock-cut cave-temples within the <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirapalli_Rock_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirapalli Rock Fort">Rockfort</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuppuram1988105-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESastri1935105-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck200642–92-34">[32]</a> Following the downfall of the Pallavas in the 8th century, the city was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Cholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Cholas">Medieval Cholas</a>, who ruled until the 13th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESastri1935438-35">[33]</a> After the decline of the Cholas, Tiruchirappalli was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Pandyan_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandyan Dynasty">Pandyas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAiyangar192145-36">[34]</a> who ruled from 1216 until their defeat in 1311 by <a href="/wiki/Malik_Kafur" title="Malik Kafur">Malik Kafur</a>, the commander of <a href="/wiki/Allauddin_Khilji" class="mw-redirect" title="Allauddin Khilji">Allauddin Khilji</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAiyangar192199-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1967251–252-38">[36]</a> The victorious armies of the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> are believed to have plundered and ravaged the region.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAiyangar192199-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1967251–252-38">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAiyangar1921112–116-39">[37]</a> The statue of the Hindu god <a href="/wiki/Ranganatha" title="Ranganatha">Ranganatha</a> in the temple of <a href="/wiki/Srirangam" title="Srirangam">Srirangam</a> vanished at about this time and was not recovered and reinstated for more than fifty years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1967251–252-38">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAiyangar1921112–116-39">[37]</a> Tiruchirappalli was ruled by the Delhi and <a href="/wiki/Madurai_Sultanate" title="Madurai Sultanate">Madurai</a> sultanates from 1311 to 1378,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESastri1935213-40">[38]</a> but by the middle of the 14th century the Madurai Sultanate had begun to fall apart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAiyangar1921185-188-41">[39]</a> Gradually, the Vijayanagar Empire established supremacy over the northern parts of the kingdom, and Tiruchirappalli was taken by the Vijayanagar prince <a href="/wiki/Kumara_Kampana" title="Kumara Kampana">Kumara Kampanna Udaiyar</a> in 1371.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESastri1935241-42">[40]</a> The Vijayanagar Empire ruled the region from 1378 until the 1530s, and played a prominent role in reviving Hinduism by reconstructing temples and monuments destroyed by the previous Muslim rulers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYunusParmar2003116-43">[41]</a> Following the collapse of the Vijayanagar Empire in the early part of the 16th century, the <a href="/wiki/Madurai_Nayaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Madurai Nayaks">Madurai Nayak kingdom</a> began to assert its independence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAiyangar1921169-44">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESewell190049-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESathianathaier1924234-46">[44]</a> The city flourished during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Vishwanatha_Nayak" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanatha Nayak">Vishwanatha Nayak</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1529–1564), who is said to have protected the area by constructing the <a href="/wiki/Teppakulam,_Tiruchirapppalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Teppakulam, Tiruchirapppalli">Teppakulam</a> and building walls around the Srirangam temple.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHemingway190751-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIllustrated_Guide_to_the_South_Indian_Railway192673–74-48">[46]</a> His successor <a href="/wiki/Kumara_Krishnappa_Nayak" title="Kumara Krishnappa Nayak">Kumara Krishnappa Nayaka</a> made Tiruchirappalli his capital,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIllustrated_Guide_to_the_South_Indian_Railway192673–74-48">[46]</a> and it served as the capital of the Madurai Nayak kingdom from 1616 to 1634 and from 1665 to 1736.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESathianathaier1924103–160-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmaladass1988122-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESubrahmanian197712–61-51">[49]</a> In 1736 the last Madurai Nayak ruler, <a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_(Nayak_queen)" title="Meenakshi (Nayak queen)">Meenakshi</a>, committed suicide, and Tiruchirappalli was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Chanda_Sahib" title="Chanda Sahib">Chanda Sahib</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESathianathaier1924234-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamaswami198443–79-52">[50]</a> He ruled the kingdom from 1736 to 1741, when he was captured and imprisoned by the <a href="/wiki/Marathas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathas">Marathas</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Trichinopoly_(1741)" title="Siege of Trichinopoly (1741)">siege of Trichinopoly (1741)</a> led by general <a href="/wiki/Raghuji_Bhonsle" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghuji Bhonsle">Raghuji Bhonsle</a> under the orders of <a href="/wiki/Chhattrapati_Shahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhattrapati Shahu">Chhattrapati Shahu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamaswami198443–79-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaques20071034–1035-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESubramanian192852–53-54">[52]</a> Chanda Sahib remained prisoner for about eight years before making his escape from the Maratha Empire. Tiruchirappalli was administered by the Maratha general <a href="/wiki/Murari_Rao" title="Murari Rao">Murari Rao</a> from 1741 to 1743, when it was regain by the <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam of Hyderabad</a> after the six months long <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Trichinopoly_(1743)" title="Siege of Trichinopoly (1743)">siege of Trichinopoly (1743)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamaswami198443–79-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESubramanian192852–53-54">[52]</a> Nizam appointed Khwaja Abdullah as the Governor and returned to <a href="/wiki/Golkonda" class="mw-redirect" title="Golkonda">Golkonda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChhabra2005103-55">[53]</a> When the <a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_the_Carnatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawab of the Carnatic">Nawab of the Carnatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammed_Ali_Khan_Wallajah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah">Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah</a> was dethroned by Chanda Sahib after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ambur" title="Battle of Ambur">Battle of Ambur</a> (1749), the former fled to Tiruchirappalli, where he set up his base.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoseNewton1929126–127-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarkovits2004222-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamaswami1984115-58">[56]</a> The subsequent <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Trichinopoly_(1751-1752)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Trichinopoly (1751-1752)">siege of Trichinopoly (1751-1752)</a> by Chanda Sahib took place during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Carnatic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Carnatic War">Second Carnatic War</a> between the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">British East India Company</a> and Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah on one side and Chanda Sahib and the <a href="/wiki/French_East_India_Company" title="French East India Company">French East India Company</a> on the other.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamaswami1984148-59">[57]</a> The British were victorious and Wallajah was restored to the throne. During his reign he proposed renaming the city Natharnagar after the Sufi saint <a href="/wiki/Nathar_Vali" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathar Vali">Nathar Vali</a>, who is thought to have lived there in the 12th century AD.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBayly2004233-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuthiah2008137-61">[59]</a> Tiruchirappalli was invaded by <a href="/wiki/Nanjaraja_Wodeyar" title="Nanjaraja Wodeyar">Nanjaraja Wodeyar</a> in 1753 and <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Mysore kingdom</a> in 1780, both attacks repulsed by the troops of the British East India Company.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrayley-Hodgetts2008217-62">[60]</a> A third invasion attempt, by <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a>—son of Hyder Ali—in 1793, was also unsuccessful;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnCotton190829-63">[61]</a> he was pursued by British forces led by <a href="/wiki/William_Medows" title="William Medows">William Medows</a>, who thwarted the attack.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFortescue1902558–559-64">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_rule">British rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: British rule">edit</a>]</div> The Carnatic kingdom was <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_Treaty" title="Carnatic Treaty">annexed by the British</a> in July 1801 as a consequence of the discovery of collusion between Tipu Sultan—an enemy of the British—and <a href="/wiki/Umdat_Ul-Umra" class="mw-redirect" title="Umdat Ul-Umra">Umdat Ul-Umra</a>, son of Wallajah and the <a href="/wiki/Nawab" title="Nawab">Nawab</a> at the time, during the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth Anglo-Mysore War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngram19955–27-65">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamachandran200874-66">[64]</a> Trichinopoly was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a> the same year, and the district of <a href="/wiki/Trichinopoly_District" title="Trichinopoly District">Trichinopoly</a> was formed, with the city of Trichinopoly (or Tiruchirappalli) as its capital.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1878178-67">[65]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Company_Raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Company Raj">Company Raj</a> and later the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, Tiruchirappalli emerged as one of the most important cities in India. According to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_census" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian census">1871 Indian census</a>—the first in British India—Tiruchirappalli had a population of 76,530, making it the second largest city in the presidency after the capital of Madras (now Chennai).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnCotton190843-68">[66]</a> It was known throughout the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> for its unique variety of cheroot, known as the <a href="/wiki/Trichinopoly_cigar" title="Trichinopoly cigar">Trichinopoly cigar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYuleBurnell1903938-24">[22]</a> Tiruchirappalli was the first headquarters for the newly formed <a href="/wiki/South_Indian_Railway_Company" title="South Indian Railway Company">South Indian Railway Company</a> in 1874 until its relocation to <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a> in the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-70">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Trichinopoly during the British Raj</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Town_and_Fort_of_Trichinopoly_p.302.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The town and fort of Trichinopoly c. 1840"><img alt="The town and fort of Trichinopoly photographed in 1840" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Town_and_Fort_of_Trichinopoly_p.302.jpg/200px-Town_and_Fort_of_Trichinopoly_p.302.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Town_and_Fort_of_Trichinopoly_p.302.jpg/300px-Town_and_Fort_of_Trichinopoly_p.302.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Town_and_Fort_of_Trichinopoly_p.302.jpg/400px-Town_and_Fort_of_Trichinopoly_p.302.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1009" data-file-height="744" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The town and fort of Trichinopoly c. 1840</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_tank_and_Rockfort_Trichinopoly.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rockfort and Teppakulam, c. 1860"><img alt="The Teppakulam and Rockfort photographed in 1860" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/The_tank_and_Rockfort_Trichinopoly.jpg/187px-The_tank_and_Rockfort_Trichinopoly.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/The_tank_and_Rockfort_Trichinopoly.jpg/280px-The_tank_and_Rockfort_Trichinopoly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/The_tank_and_Rockfort_Trichinopoly.jpg/374px-The_tank_and_Rockfort_Trichinopoly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="572" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rockfort and Teppakulam, c. 1860</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_and_modern_history">Contemporary and modern history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Contemporary and modern history">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiruchirapalli1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a historical map of the city" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Tiruchirapalli1955.jpg/220px-Tiruchirapalli1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Tiruchirapalli1955.jpg/330px-Tiruchirapalli1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Tiruchirapalli1955.jpg/440px-Tiruchirapalli1955.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="1101" /></a><figcaption>Map of Tiruchirappalli town in 1955</figcaption></figure> Tiruchirappalli played an active role during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">pre-independence era</a>; there were a number of strikes and non-violent protests during the <a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India Movement</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaidi1973101-72">[69]</a> notably the <a href="/wiki/1928_South_Indian_Railway_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1928 South Indian Railway Strike">South Indian Railway Strike</a> that took place in 1928.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESouth_Indian_Railway_Strike1928-73">[70]</a> The city was the base for the <a href="/wiki/Vedaranyam_march" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedaranyam march">Vedaranyam salt march</a> initiated by <a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a> in parallel with the <a href="/wiki/Dandi_March" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandi March">Dandi March</a> in 1930.<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> Tiruchirappalli was an epicentre of the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindi_agitations_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu">anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu</a> when a team of Tamil language supporters gathered and organised a rally from the city to Madras in <a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindi_agitation_of_1937%E2%80%9340" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Hindi agitation of 1937–40">1938</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> Later in 1965, Tiruchirappalli was made the base of the "Madras state Anti-Hindi Conference" convened by C. Rajagopalachari.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaliga1999244-76">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERasam199798-77">[74]</a> The population of Tiruchirappalli continued to grow rapidly, achieving a growth rate of 36.9% during the period 1941–51.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERao1974193-78">[75]</a> After independence in 1947, Tiruchirappalli fell behind other cities such as <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Tamil_Nadu" title="Salem, Tamil Nadu">Salem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a> in terms of growth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBala1986148-79">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERajendranArumugamChandrasekaran20023-80">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110409-81">[78]</a> Tiruchirappalli remained a part of <a href="/wiki/Madras_State" title="Madras State">Madras State</a>, which was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERana2006399-82">[79]</a> The city underwent extensive economic development in the 1960s with the commissioning of <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Heavy_Electricals_Limited" title="Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited">Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmed198052-83">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-business_line-84">[81]</a> In the early 1980s, <a href="/wiki/M._G._Ramachandran" title="M. G. Ramachandran">M. G. Ramachandran</a>, then <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Tamil_Nadu" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu">Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu</a> drafted a plan to move the state's administrative headquarters to Tiruchirappalli.<a href="#cite_note-Mayilvaganan-85">[82]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Satellite_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite town">satellite town</a> was developed near <a href="/wiki/Navalpattu" title="Navalpattu">Navalpattu</a> on the outskirts of the city,<a href="#cite_note-Mayilvaganan-85">[82]</a> but the proposed move was shelved by successive governments.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> Like much of Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli remains prone to communal tensions based on religion and ethnicity. There have been occasional outbreaks of <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_Sri_Lankans_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="Attacks on Sri Lankans in Tamil Nadu">violence against Sri Lankans</a>. In 2009, the offices of a Sri Lankan airline were attacked in the city.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> In September 2012, two groups of Sri Lankan pilgrims who had visited the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Good_Health" title="Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health">Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health</a> in <a href="/wiki/Velankanni" title="Velankanni">Velankanni</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Poondi_Madha_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Poondi Madha Basilica">Poondi Madha Basilica</a> had their buses attacked in Tiruchirappalli by a group of Tamil activists.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a> Owing to a series of terrorist attacks in Indian cities since 2000, security has been increased at sites such as <a href="/wiki/Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_Srirangam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam">Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography and climate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tiruchirappalli" title="Geography of Tiruchirappalli">Geography of Tiruchirappalli</a></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Trichy_pano7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of Tiruchirappalli showing Cauvery river and the Srirangam island."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Trichy_pano7.jpg/1800px-Trichy_pano7.jpg" decoding="async" width="1800" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Trichy_pano7.jpg/2700px-Trichy_pano7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Trichy_pano7.jpg/3600px-Trichy_pano7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14851" data-file-height="1558" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Trichy_pano7.jpg" title="File:Trichy pano7.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of Tiruchirappalli showing Cauvery river and the Srirangam island.</div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_photograph_of_Srirangam_Island_between_Kaveri_and_Kollidam_rivers.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aerial view of an island formed by Kaveri and Kollidam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Aerial_photograph_of_Srirangam_Island_between_Kaveri_and_Kollidam_rivers.JPG/220px-Aerial_photograph_of_Srirangam_Island_between_Kaveri_and_Kollidam_rivers.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Aerial_photograph_of_Srirangam_Island_between_Kaveri_and_Kollidam_rivers.JPG/330px-Aerial_photograph_of_Srirangam_Island_between_Kaveri_and_Kollidam_rivers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Aerial_photograph_of_Srirangam_Island_between_Kaveri_and_Kollidam_rivers.JPG/440px-Aerial_photograph_of_Srirangam_Island_between_Kaveri_and_Kollidam_rivers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1078" /></a><figcaption>Aerial photograph of Srirangam island, sandwiched between the rivers Kaveri and Kollidam</figcaption></figure> Tiruchirappalli is situated in central south-eastern India, almost at the geographic centre of the state of Tamil Nadu. The <a href="/wiki/Chola_Nadu" title="Chola Nadu">Cauvery Delta</a> begins to form 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the city where the river divides into two streams—the <a href="/wiki/Kaveri" title="Kaveri">Kaveri</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kollidam_River" title="Kollidam River">Kollidam</a>—to form the <a href="/wiki/Srirangam_Island" title="Srirangam Island">island of Srirangam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERao1974193-78">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma2000117-93">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore187861-94">[91]</a> By road it is 912 kilometres (567 mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, 322 kilometres (200 mi) south-west of Chennai and 331 kilometres (206 mi) south-east of <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> The topology of Tiruchirappalli is almost flat with an average elevation of 81 metres (266 ft). A few isolated hillocks rise above the surface,<a href="#cite_note-weatherbase-96">[93]</a> the highest of which is the Rockfort;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnCotton190826-97">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERajendranArumugamChandrasekaran20021-98">[95]</a> its estimated age of 3,800 million years makes it one of the oldest rocks in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Nuvena-99">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_BruynBainVenkatramanJoshi2008251-100">[97]</a> Other prominent hillocks include the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rock,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Golden Rock, Tiruchirappalli">Golden Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khajamalai" title="Khajamalai">Khajamalai</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Syed-101">[98]</a> and one each at <a href="/wiki/Uyyakondan_Thirumalai" title="Uyyakondan Thirumalai">Uyyakondan Thirumalai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thiruverumbur" title="Thiruverumbur">Thiruverumbur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> Apart from <a href="/wiki/Kaveri" title="Kaveri">Kaveri</a> and its tributary <a href="/wiki/Kollidam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kollidam">Kollidam</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenon2013120-103">[100]</a> the city is also drained by the Uyyakondan Channel, Koraiyar and <a href="/wiki/Kudamurutti_River" title="Kudamurutti River">Kudamurutti river</a> channels.<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> The land immediately surrounding the Kaveri River—which crosses Tiruchirappalli from west to east—consists of deposits of fertile alluvial soil<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnCotton190832-105">[102]</a> on which crops such as <a href="/wiki/Finger_millet" title="Finger millet">finger millet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> are cultivated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnCotton190833-106">[103]</a> Further south, the surface is covered by poor-quality <a href="/wiki/Vertisol" title="Vertisol">black soil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnCotton190832-105">[102]</a> A belt of <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> rock known as the <a href="/wiki/Trichinopoly_Group" title="Trichinopoly Group">Trichinopoly Group</a> runs to the north-east of the city,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGSI1865104-107">[104]</a> and to the south-east there are layers of <a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">archaean</a> rocks, <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneiss</a> covered by a thin bed of <a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(geology)" title="Conglomerate (geology)">conglomeratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Laterite" title="Laterite">laterite</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnCotton190826-97">[94]</a> The region falls under <a href="/wiki/Seismic_hazard" title="Seismic hazard">Seismic Zone III</a>, which is moderately vulnerable to earthquakes.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_structure">Urban structure</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Urban structure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Trichy_pano4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of Tiruchirappalli as seen from the top of the Rockfort."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Trichy_pano4.jpg/800px-Trichy_pano4.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Trichy_pano4.jpg/1200px-Trichy_pano4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Trichy_pano4.jpg/1600px-Trichy_pano4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6471" data-file-height="1991" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Trichy_pano4.jpg" title="File:Trichy pano4.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of Tiruchirappalli as seen from the top of the Rockfort.</div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trichy_Skyline_South_Blossoms_Rooftop_Aug22_R16_06237.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Trichy_Skyline_South_Blossoms_Rooftop_Aug22_R16_06237.jpg/220px-Trichy_Skyline_South_Blossoms_Rooftop_Aug22_R16_06237.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Trichy_Skyline_South_Blossoms_Rooftop_Aug22_R16_06237.jpg/330px-Trichy_Skyline_South_Blossoms_Rooftop_Aug22_R16_06237.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Trichy_Skyline_South_Blossoms_Rooftop_Aug22_R16_06237.jpg/440px-Trichy_Skyline_South_Blossoms_Rooftop_Aug22_R16_06237.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5130" data-file-height="2886" /></a><figcaption>Skyline of the cantonment area, south of the Central Bus Station (ca. August 2082)</figcaption></figure> The city of Tiruchirappalli lies on the plains between the <a href="/wiki/Shevaroy_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Shevaroy Hills">Shevaroy Hills</a> to the north and the <a href="/wiki/Palani_Hills" title="Palani Hills">Palani Hills</a> to the south and south-west.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbram2003489-109">[106]</a> Tiruchirappalli is completely surrounded by agricultural fields.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERajendranArumugamChandrasekaran20023-80">[77]</a> Densely populated industrial and residential areas have recently been built in the northern part of the city, and the southern edge also has residential areas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERajendranArumugamChandrasekaran20023-80">[77]</a> The older part of Tiruchirappalli, within the Rockfort, is unplanned and congested while the adjoining newer sections are better executed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuperintendent_Census_Operations1966215-110">[107]</a> Many of the old houses in Srirangam were constructed according to the <a href="/wiki/Shilpa_Shastras" title="Shilpa Shastras">shilpa sastras</a>, the canonical texts of Hindu temple architecture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAyyar1920453-111">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Tiruchirappalli experiences a dry-summer <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical savanna climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: As), with no major change in temperature between summer and winter.<a href="#cite_note-City_Weather-112">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> The climate is generally characterised by high temperature and low humidity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECensus_of_India199114-114">[111]</a> With an annual mean temperature of 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) and monthly average temperatures ranging between 25 °C (77 °F) and 32 °C (90 °F),<a href="#cite_note-City_Weather-112">[109]</a> the city is the hottest in the state.<a href="#cite_note-Gokul-115">[112]</a> The warmest months are from April to June,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnnesley184162–64-116">[113]</a> when the city experiences frequent dust storms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnnesley184162–64-116">[113]</a> As of November 2013,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit">[update]</a> the highest temperature ever recorded in Tiruchirappalli was 43.9 °C (111.0 °F), which occurred on 2 May 1896;<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> the lowest was observed on 6 February 1884 at 13.9 °C (57.0 °F).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaliga199943-118">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-119">[116]</a> The high temperatures in the city have been attributed to the presence of two rivers—Kaveri and Kollidam—<a href="#cite_note-120">[d]</a>and the absence of greenery around the city.<a href="#cite_note-Gokul-115">[112]</a> As Tiruchirappalli is on the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a> the days are extremely warm and dry; evenings are cooler because of cold winds that blow from the south-east.<a href="#cite_note-City_Weather-112">[109]</a> From June to September, the city experiences a moderate climate tempered by heavy rain and thundershowers. Rainfall is heaviest between October and December because of the north-east <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> winds, and from December to February the climate is cool and moist.<a href="#cite_note-City_Weather-112">[109]</a> The average annual rainfall is 841.9 mm (33.15 in),<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> slightly lower than the state's average of 945 mm (37.2 in).<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> Fog and dew are rare and occur only during the winter season.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnnesley184162–64-116">[113]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirappalli Airport">Tiruchirappalli Airport</a> (1991–2020, extremes 1949–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6 (96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0 (104.0) </td> <td style="background: #F50000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.2 (108.0) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.8 (109.0) </td> <td style="background: #E60000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.3 (109.9) </td> <td style="background: #DD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.9 (111.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.1 (106.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6 (105.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6 (105.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9 (102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7 (98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6 (96.1) </td> <td style="background: #DD0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43.9 (111.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 (87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 (91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0 (96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8 (100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.2 (100.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.1 (98.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5 (97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0 (96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4 (95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 (91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6 (87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7 (85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6 (78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2 (81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7 (85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8 (89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0 (89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5 (88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1 (88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5 (86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9 (85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3 (82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6 (79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4 (77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29.1 (84.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7 (69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6 (70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5 (74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2 (79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8 (80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7 (80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4 (79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8 (78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2 (77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4 (75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5 (70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.3 (75.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4 (66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0 (64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1 (68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9 (66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 (0.25) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 (0.16) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 (0.14) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1 (1.34) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.9 (3.11) </td> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.9 (1.77) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.4 (2.26) </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.7 (3.45) </td> <td style="background: #48FF48; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.2 (4.65) </td> <td style="background: #18FF18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">154.9 (6.10) </td> <td style="background: #00D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">191.1 (7.52) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.0 (3.11) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">860.3 (33.87) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>) </th> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">51 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-119">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDnormals-124">[120]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<a href="#cite_note-TCC1-125">[121]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div>Trichy has been ranked 11th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' <a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Tiruchirapalli_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Aerial_view_of_Tiruchirapalli_1.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_Tiruchirapalli_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Aerial_view_of_Tiruchirapalli_1.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_Tiruchirapalli_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Aerial_view_of_Tiruchirapalli_1.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_of_Tiruchirapalli_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Tiruchirapalli</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tiruchirappalli" title="Demographics of Tiruchirappalli">Demographics of Tiruchirappalli</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale collapsible collapsed" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">76,530</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">84,449</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">90,609</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">104,721</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">123,512</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+17.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">120,422</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">142,843</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1941 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">159,566</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">218,921</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+37.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">249,862</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+14.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">307,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">362,045</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">387,223</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">752,066</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+94.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">916,857</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Sources: <ul><li>1871 – 1901:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnCotton190843-68">[66]</a></li> <li>1891 – 1941:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECensus_of_India1941-127">[123]</a></li> <li>1941 – 1961:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReport1966226-128">[124]</a></li> <li>1961–1991:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERajendranArumugamChandrasekaran20023-80">[77]</a></li> <li>1991–2001:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalayala_Manorama2007707-129">[125]</a></li> <li>2011:<a href="#cite_note-CMA-16">[14]</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> According to the <a href="/wiki/2011_Indian_census" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Indian census">2011 Indian census</a>, Tiruchirappalli had a population of 847,387,<a href="#cite_note-expansion-5">[a]</a> 9.4% of whom were under the age of six, living in 214,529 families within the municipal corporation limits. The recorded population density was 5,768/km2 (14,940/sq mi) while the <a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">sex ratio</a> was 975 males for every 1,000 females.<a href="#cite_note-PCA-17">[15]</a> The Tiruchirappalli urban agglomeration had a population of 1,022,518, and was ranked the fourth largest in Tamil Nadu and the 53rd in India as of 2011.<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit">[update]</a><a href="#cite_note-UA_2011-6">[5]</a> The city had an average literacy rate of 91.37%,<a href="#cite_note-PCA-17">[15]</a> significantly higher than the national average of 73.00%.<a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes</a> accounted for 10.48% and 0.27% of the population respectively.<a href="#cite_note-PCA-17">[15]</a> There were 228,518 people, roughly constituting about 26.96% of the total population, who lived in slums in the city.<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a> The daily <a href="/wiki/Floating_population" title="Floating population">floating population</a> of the city was estimated at around 250,000.<a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a> The city's population is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrill1989144-133">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> constitute about twenty percent,<a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a> and there is also a considerable Christian population. <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jains</a> are present in smaller numbers.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20101229-135">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110407-136">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholics">Roman Catholics</a> in Tiruchirappalli are affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tiruchirapalli" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tiruchirapalli">Roman Catholic Diocese of Tiruchirapalli</a> while <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> are affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/Trichy-Tanjore_Diocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichy-Tanjore Diocese">Trichy–Tanjore Diocese</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_South_India" title="Church of South India">Church of South India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-anglicancommunion-138">[134]</a> The most widely spoken language is <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen1991606-139">[135]</a> but there are significant numbers of <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamappaSingh1984116-140">[136]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>,<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuthanna1962iii-142">[138]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a> speakers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParanjape200987-144">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_language" title="Saurashtra language">Saurashtra</a> is also spoken by some significant minorities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurston1913123-145">[141]</a> The standard dialect of Tamil spoken is the <a href="/wiki/Central_Tamil_dialect" title="Central Tamil dialect">Central Tamil dialect</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteever2003101-146">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-langvariations-147">[143]</a> There is also a substantial population of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Indian">Anglo-Indians</a>,<a href="#cite_note-150">[e]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Tamil people">Sri Lankan Tamil migrants</a>, most of whom are housed in refugee camps on the outskirts of the city.<a href="#cite_note-151">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20091103-152">[147]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration_and_politics">Administration and politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Administration and politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation">Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation</a></div> <table class="toccolours" style="clear:right; float:right; background:#fff; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; width:220px"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#a8bdec" colspan="2">Administrative officials </th></tr> <tr> <td>Collector</td> <td>pradeep kumar IAS<a href="#cite_note-153">[148]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#a8bdec" colspan="2">Municipality officials </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mayor</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anbalagan" title="Anbalagan">Anbalagan </a><a href="#cite_note-154">[149]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Commissioner</td> <td>S. Sivasubramanian<a href="#cite_note-155">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Deputy Mayor</td> <td>Vacant<a href="#cite_note-156">[151]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Commissioner of Police</td> <td>A. Amalraj<a href="#cite_note-157">[152]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#a8bdec" colspan="2">Members of Legislative Assembly </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_East_(State_Assembly_Constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirappalli East (State Assembly Constituency)">Tiruchirappalli East</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inigo_S._Irudayaraj" title="Inigo S. Irudayaraj">Inigo Irudayaraj</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_West_(State_Assembly_Constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirappalli West (State Assembly Constituency)">Tiruchirappalli West</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/K._N._Nehru" title="K. N. Nehru">K. N. Nehru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Srirangam_(State_Assembly_Constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Srirangam (State Assembly Constituency)">Srirangam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/M._Palaniyandi" title="M. Palaniyandi">M. Palaniyandi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thiruverumbur_(State_Assembly_Constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruverumbur (State Assembly Constituency)">Thiruverumbur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anbil_Mahesh_Poyyamozhi" title="Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi">Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi</a><a href="#cite_note-MLA-158">[153]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Member of Parliament </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirappalli (Lok Sabha constituency)">Tiruchirappalli</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Su._Thirunavukkarasar" title="Su. Thirunavukkarasar">Su. Thirunavukkarasar</a><a href="#cite_note-Rit-159">[154]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Covering 18 square kilometres (6.9 sq mi), the municipality of Tiruchirappalli was inaugurated under the Town Improvements Act 1865 on 1 November 1866;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanking186713-160">[155]</a> it originally consisted of two ex-officers and nine nominated members.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHemingway1907263-161">[156]</a> Council elections were introduced in 1877 and the first chairman was elected in 1889.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHemingway1907263-161">[156]</a> The municipality was upgraded to a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">municipal corporation</a> as per the Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation Act 1994<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalanithurai200780-162">[157]</a> by inclusion of the erstwhile Srirangam and Golden Rock municipalities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaliga19991297-163">[158]</a> Covering 167.23 square kilometres (64.57 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-expansion-5">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-dennis-164">[159]</a> the municipal corporation comprises 65 wards and four administrative zones; these are Srirangam, <a href="/wiki/Ariyamangalam" title="Ariyamangalam">Ariyamangalam</a>, Golden Rock and <a href="/wiki/Abhishekapuram" title="Abhishekapuram">Abhishekapuram</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[160]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trichycorporation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="White three-story building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Trichycorporation.jpg/220px-Trichycorporation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Trichycorporation.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="180" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters of Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation</figcaption></figure> Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation Council, the legislative body, comprises 65 councillors elected from each of the 65 wards and is headed by a mayor assisted by a <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Mayor">Deputy Mayor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-citymunc-166">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[162]</a> The executive wing has seven departments—general administration, revenue, town planning, engineering, public health, information technology and personnel—and is headed by a City Commissioner. The Commissioner is assisted by two executive engineers for the east and west sections, and Assistant Commissioners for personnel, accounts and revenue departments, a public relations officer, a city engineer, a city health officer and an Assistant Commissioner for each of the four zones.<a href="#cite_note-orgchart-168">[163]</a> A Local Planning Authority for Tiruchirappalli was created on 5 April 1974 as per the Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act of 1971 with the District Collector of Tiruchirappalli as chairman and the assistant director of Town and Country Planning as its member secretary.<a href="#cite_note-tiruchi_lpa-169">[164]</a> The city of Tiruchirappalli is represented in the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly">Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly</a> by four elected members, one each for the <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_East_(State_Assembly_Constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirappalli East (State Assembly Constituency)">Tiruchirappalli East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_West_(State_Assembly_Constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirappalli West (State Assembly Constituency)">Tiruchirappalli West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srirangam_(State_Assembly_Constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Srirangam (State Assembly Constituency)">Srirangam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thiruverumbur_(State_Assembly_Constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruverumbur (State Assembly Constituency)">Thiruverumbur</a> constituencies.<a href="#cite_note-assemblyconstituencymap-170">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-const_map-171">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/J.Jayalalithaa" class="mw-redirect" title="J.Jayalalithaa">J.Jayalalithaa</a>, former chief minister of Tamil Nadu, represented the Srirangam constituency between 2011 and 2015.<a href="#cite_note-172">[167]</a> Tiruchirappalli is also part of the <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirappalli (Lok Sabha constituency)">Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency</a> and once every five years, elects a member to the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>—the lower house of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-const_map-171">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[168]</a> The Lok Sabha seat has been held by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> for four terms (1957–62,<a href="#cite_note-1957electionresults-174">[169]</a> 1984–89,<a href="#cite_note-1984electionresults-175">[170]</a> 1989–91<a href="#cite_note-1989electionresults-176">[171]</a> and 1991–96<a href="#cite_note-1991electionresults-177">[172]</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">Communist Party of India</a> (1962–67,<a href="#cite_note-1962electionresults-178">[173]</a> 1971–77<a href="#cite_note-1971electionresults-179">[174]</a> and 1977–80<a href="#cite_note-1977electionresults-180">[175]</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a> (2001–04, 2009–14 and 2014–present) for three terms each<a href="#cite_note-2009elections-181">[176]</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (1998–99<a href="#cite_note-1998electionresults-182">[177]</a> and 1999–2001<a href="#cite_note-1999electionresults-183">[178]</a>) for two terms each. Candidates from the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India</a>,<a href="#cite_note-1967electionresults-184">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Maanila_Congress_(Moopanar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)">Tamil Maanila Congress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Marumalarchi_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a><a href="#cite_note-2004electionresults-185">[180]</a> have won once each. Indian politician <a href="/wiki/Rangarajan_Kumaramangalam" title="Rangarajan Kumaramangalam">Rangarajan Kumaramangalam</a>, who served as the Minister of Power in the government of <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>,<a href="#cite_note-cabinetberth_rediff-186">[181]</a> was elected to the Lok Sabha from Tiruchirappalli in the 1998 and 1999 elections.<a href="#cite_note-1998electionresults-182">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-1999electionresults-183">[178]</a> Law and order are enforced by the Tamil Nadu police, which for administrative purposes, has constituted Tiruchirappalli city as a separate district, divided into 18 zonal offices and units, with a total of 38 police stations.<a href="#cite_note-trichypolice-187">[182]</a> The Tiruchirappalli city police force is headed by a <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioner of police">Commissioner of police</a> assisted by Deputy Commissioners.<a href="#cite_note-188">[183]</a> Law and order in suburban areas is enforced by the Tiruchirappalli district police.<a href="#cite_note-trichydistpolice-189">[184]</a> It has the lowest proportion of rape and murder cases in the state.<a href="#cite_note-tnpolice_crimes-190">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utility_services">Utility services</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Utility services">edit</a>]</div> Electricity supply to the city is regulated and distributed by the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Electricity_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Nadu Electricity Board">Tamil Nadu Electricity Board</a> (TNEB).<a href="#cite_note-windpro-191">[186]</a> Tiruchirappalli is the headquarters of the Trichy region of TNEB. The city and its suburbs form the Trichy Metro Electricity Distribution Circle, which is subdivided into six divisions.<a href="#cite_note-windpro-191">[186]</a> A chief distribution engineer is stationed at the regional headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Tennur" title="Tennur">Tennur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-windpro-191">[186]</a> Water supply is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_City_Municipal_Corporation" title="Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation">Tiruchirappalli City Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-waterservices-192">[187]</a> The city gets its drinking water supply from the Kaveri River and 1,470 bore wells linked to 60 service reservoirs in and around the city.<a href="#cite_note-wateraid-193">[188]</a> Four of the six head works from which the city gets its water supply are maintained by the municipal corporation and the rest by other agencies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESLB20094-194">[189]</a> Pollution has been a major concern in Tiruchirappalli. The <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Pollution_Control_Board" title="Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board">Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board</a> has set up five stations in the city to check the quality of air.<a href="#cite_note-pollution-195">[190]</a> As of 2012,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit">[update]</a> about 432 tonnes (432,000 kg) of solid waste are produced in the city every day.<a href="#cite_note-196">[191]</a> Solid waste management in the city is handled by the corporation; places such as the Gandhi Market, Central Bus terminus and the Chathram bus terminus are being monitored by other agencies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESLB20094-194">[189]</a> The principal landfill is at Ariyamangalam.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20100312-197">[192]</a> Waste water management in the Trichy-Srirangam underground drainage (UGD) areas is handled by the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Water_Supply_and_Drainage_Board" title="Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board">Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board</a> (TWAD) and in other areas by the Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESLB20094-194">[189]</a> As of 2013,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit">[update]</a> there were a total of 40,580 UGD connections maintained by the municipal corporation.<a href="#cite_note-198">[193]</a> In 2020, it is estimated that 31% of the city is covered under a networked sewage system; however, As of September 2020,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit">[update]</a> the corporation has fast-tracked its project to cover the entire city, funded jointly by urban local body, Tamil Nadu Urban Finance and Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd (Tufidco) and Asian Development Bank.<a href="#cite_note-199">[194]</a> The high toxicity of the waste water released by the Trichy Distilleries and Chemicals Limited (TDCL) is a major cause of concern for the corporation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnvironmental_health199192-200">[195]</a> The corporation's annual expenditure for the year 2010–11 was estimated to be ₹1,559.4 million (equivalent to ₹3.2 billion or US$38 million in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110129-201">[196]</a> In 2013, researchers from Bharathidasan University assessed water quality in the Tiruchirappalli area and concluded that although the quality of the groundwater was suitable for human consumption, the quality of the pond water in the city was "not fit for human usage, agricultural or industrial purposes".<a href="#cite_note-202">[197]</a> Under the National Urban Sanitation Policy, Tiruchirappalli was ranked sixth in India and first in Tamil Nadu on the basis of sanitation for the year 2009–10.<a href="#cite_note-sanitationpolicy-203">[198]</a> In January 2010, Tiruchirappalli became the first city in India where open defecation was prevented in all its slums.<a href="#cite_note-gramalaya-204">[199]</a> In a 2016 survey conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Affairs" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs">Ministry of Urban Development</a>, as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_Abhiyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Swachh Bharat Abhiyan">Swachh Bharat Abhiyan</a> campaign, Tiruchirappalli was ranked third in the <a href="/wiki/Cleanest_cities_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleanest cities in India">list of cleanest cities in India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[200]</a> Under the ease of living index 2018 published by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Tiruchirappalli was ranked twelfth in India and first in Tamil Nadu among the 111 cities considered.<a href="#cite_note-Karthik-14">[12]</a> The ranking framework was categorised into four pillars, namely Institutional, Social, Economic and Physical, which comprised 78 indicators such as urban transport, waste water management, solid waste management and governance. Tiruchirappalli comes under the Tiruchi Telecom District of the <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Sanchar_Nigam" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Sanchar Nigam">Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited</a> (BSNL), India's state-owned telecom and internet services provider.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20100412-206">[201]</a> There are about 20,000 business telephone subscribers in the city.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110518-207">[202]</a> Both Global System for Mobile Communications (<a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Code_division_multiple_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Code division multiple access">Code division multiple access</a> (CDMA) mobile services are available.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20080903-208">[203]</a> BSNL also provides broadband internet services.<a href="#cite_note-bsnlbroadbandlist-209">[204]</a> BSNL began offering wireless internet services with the commencement of <a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">Evolution-Data Optimized</a> (EVDO) transmission in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20080903-208">[203]</a> Tiruchirappalli is one of the few cities in India where BSNL's Caller Line Identification (CLI)-based internet service Netone is available.<a href="#cite_note-bsnl_netone-210">[205]</a> Softnet (STPI), <a href="/wiki/Tata_Communications" title="Tata Communications">Tata VSNL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharti_Airtel" title="Bharti Airtel">Bharti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Communications" title="Reliance Communications">Reliance</a> are other major broadband internet service providers in the city.<a href="#cite_note-elcot_cityprofile-211">[206]</a> Tiruchirappalli has a regional passport office, the second in Tamil Nadu, which commenced its operations on 23 March 1983 bifurcated from Chennai region.<a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a> After Coimbatore and Madurai regional office were established in late 2000s by bifurcating from Trichy region, currently the office caters to the needs of Trichy and seven adjacent districts namely, <a href="/wiki/Karur_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Karur District">Karur</a>, Nagappattinam, Perambalur, Pudukkottai, Thanjavur, Ariyalur and Tiruvarur.<a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tiruchirappalli" title="Economy of Tiruchirappalli">Economy of Tiruchirappalli</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WDS6_36524R_SSB_NR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A refurbished locomotive waiting at a junction" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/WDS6_36524R_SSB_NR.jpg/220px-WDS6_36524R_SSB_NR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/WDS6_36524R_SSB_NR.jpg/330px-WDS6_36524R_SSB_NR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/WDS6_36524R_SSB_NR.jpg/440px-WDS6_36524R_SSB_NR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A WDS6 locomotive manufactured at the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rock_Railway_Workshop" title="Golden Rock Railway Workshop">Golden Rock Railway Workshop</a></figcaption></figure> During British rule, Tiruchirappalli was known for its tanneries, cigar-manufacturing units and oil presses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnCotton190836-214">[209]</a> At its peak, more than 12 million cigars were manufactured and exported annually.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnCotton190836-214">[209]</a> Tanned hides and skins from Tiruchirappalli were exported to the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnCotton190836-214">[209]</a> The city has a number of retail and wholesale markets, the most prominent among them being the <a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Market" title="Gandhi Market">Gandhi Market</a>, which also serves people from other parts of the district.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20101228-215">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20100601-216">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-trichytourism-217">[212]</a> Other notable markets in the city are the flower bazaar in Srirangam<a href="#cite_note-trichytourism-217">[212]</a> and the mango market at <a href="/wiki/Mambazha_Salai" title="Mambazha Salai">Mambazha Salai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20050504-218">[213]</a> The suburb of <a href="/wiki/Manachanallur" title="Manachanallur">Manachanallur</a> is known for its rice mills, where polished <a href="/wiki/Ponni_Rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponni Rice">Ponni</a> rice is produced.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20081017-219">[214]</a> Tiruchirappalli is a major engineering equipment manufacturing and fabrication hub in India.<a href="#cite_note-business_line-84">[81]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rock_Railway_Workshop" title="Golden Rock Railway Workshop">Golden Rock Railway Workshop</a>, which moved to Tiruchirappalli from <a href="/wiki/Nagapattinam" title="Nagapattinam">Nagapattinam</a> in 1928, is one of the three railway <a href="/wiki/Workshop" title="Workshop">workshop</a>–cum–production units in Tamil Nadu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaplan2003126-220">[215]</a> The workshops produced 650 conventional and low-container flat wagons during 2007–2008.<a href="#cite_note-goldenrock_thehindu20080411-221">[216]</a> A high-pressure boiler manufacturing plant was set up by <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Heavy_Electricals_Limited" title="Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited">Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited</a> (BHEL), India's largest public sector engineering company, in May 1965.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESrinivasan200971-222">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad2003122-223">[218]</a> This was followed by a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seamless" class="extiw" title="wikt:seamless">seamless</a> steel plant and a boiler auxiliaries plant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaheshwariChaturvedi199719-224">[219]</a> In 2010, the Tiruchirappalli unit of the company contributed to nearly 30 per cent of its total sales, making it the largest of all units.<a href="#cite_note-Bhel-225">[220]</a> As of 2011,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit">[update]</a> the Tiruchirappalli division employed about 10,000 people,<a href="#cite_note-Bhel-225">[220]</a> and is supported by a number of ancillary industries producing almost 250,000 tonnes (250,000,000 kg) of fabricated materials.<a href="#cite_note-business_line-84">[81]</a> These ancillary units together with BHEL contribute nearly 60 per cent of India's steel fabrication,<a href="#cite_note-business_line-84">[81]</a> earning the city the title, "Energy equipment and fabrication capital of India".<a href="#cite_note-226">[221]</a> Other important industries in Tiruchirappalli include Trichy Distilleries and Chemicals Limited (TDCL), which was established at <a href="/wiki/Senthaneerpuram" title="Senthaneerpuram">Senthaneerpuram</a> in the former Golden Rock municipality in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadras_District_Gazetteers1998553-227">[222]</a> and the Trichy Steel Rolling Mills, which was started as a private limited company on 27 June 1961.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadras_District_Gazetteers1998539-228">[223]</a> The Trichy Distilleries and Chemicals Limited manufactures <a href="/wiki/Rectified_spirit" title="Rectified spirit">rectified spirit</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadras_District_Gazetteers1998553-227">[222]</a> <a href="/wiki/Acetaldehyde" title="Acetaldehyde">acetaldehyde</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadras_District_Gazetteers1998553-227">[222]</a> <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">acetic acid</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadras_District_Gazetteers1998553-227">[222]</a> <a href="/wiki/Acetic_anhydride" title="Acetic anhydride">acetic anhydride</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations_Publications201056-229">[224]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethyl_acetate" title="Ethyl acetate">ethyl acetate</a>. It is one of the biggest private sector distilleries in Tamil Nadu and produced 13.5 megalitres (3.0 million imperial gallons) of <a href="/wiki/Distilled_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilled beverage">spirit alcohol</a> between December 2005 and November 2006.<a href="#cite_note-gov_prohibition-230">[225]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Factories_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance Factories Board">Ordnance Factories Board</a> runs a weapons manufacturing unit and a <a href="/wiki/Heavy_Alloy_Penetrator_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy Alloy Penetrator Project">Heavy Alloy Penetrator Project</a> (HAPP) facility;<a href="#cite_note-oft-231">[226]</a> the latter was set up in the late 1980s and consists of a <a href="/wiki/Flexible_manufacturing_system" title="Flexible manufacturing system">flexible manufacturing system</a> (FMS)—the first of its kind in India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadhakrishnan2008656-232">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-happ-233">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamakrishnan200750-234">[229]</a> From the late 1980s, a synthetic gem industry was developed in the city; the gemstones are cut and polished in <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_district" title="Tiruchirappalli district">Tiruchirappalli district</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Pudukottai_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudukottai district">Pudukottai district</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Small_Hands_of_Slavery199669-235">[230]</a> In 1990, the Indian government launched a scheme to increase employment by boosting the production of <a href="/wiki/Cubic_zirconia" title="Cubic zirconia">American diamonds</a> and training local artisans in semi-automated machinery and technology. The local gem industry was reportedly generating annual revenues of ₹100 million (equivalent to ₹600 million or US$7.1 million in 2023) by the mid-1990s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Small_Hands_of_Slavery199669–70-236">[231]</a> Concerns have been raised over the employment of children aged 9–14 in the gem cutting and polishing industry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Small_Hands_of_Slavery199669–70-236">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley200463-237">[232]</a> As a result, in 1996, Tiruchirappalli district was selected to be involved in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Child_Labour_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Child Labour Project (page does not exist)">National Child Labour Project</a> and in the running of special schools to educate working children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Administrator199663–64-238">[233]</a> As of December 2010,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit">[update]</a> the Tiruchirappalli region annually exports around ₹262.1 million (equivalent to ₹590 million or US$7.0 million in 2023) of software.<a href="#cite_note-239">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-economictimes_it-240">[235]</a> The <a href="/wiki/ELCOT_IT_Park_Trichy" title="ELCOT IT Park Trichy">ELCOT IT Park Trichy</a>—the city's first IT park—commissioned at a cost of ₹600 million (equivalent to ₹1.3 billion or US$16 million in 2023) was inaugurated in December 2010.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_tiruchiitcomm-241">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-thehindu_itpark-242">[237]</a> Set up by the Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu, the park occupies an area of 59.74 hectares (147.6 acres) and constitutes a <a href="/wiki/Special_Economic_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Economic Zone">Special Economic Zone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_itpark-242">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20080719-243">[238]</a> Employing a workforce of over 1,500, more than six companies including <a href="/wiki/Vuram" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuram">Vuram</a>, iLink Systems Pvt. Ltd., Scientific Publishing Company, Vdart Technologies, GI Tech Gaming Co. India Pvt. Ltd., VR Della IT Services Pvt. Ltd., and the Tamil Nadu Disaster Recovery Centre function out of the existing building, occupying the entire built-up space.<a href="#cite_note-244">[239]</a> The <a href="/wiki/ELCOT_IT_Park_Trichy" title="ELCOT IT Park Trichy">ELCOT IT Park Trichy</a> is in close proximity to the Tiruchi International Airport. The facility was highlighted through the two editions of Global Investors Meet and became a key factor for the demand for the built-up space.<a href="#cite_note-245">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tamil_culture" title="Tamil culture">Tamil culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_cuisine" title="Tamil cuisine">Tamil cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madurai-alanganallur-jallikattu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="image of a bull fight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Madurai-alanganallur-jallikattu.jpg/220px-Madurai-alanganallur-jallikattu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Madurai-alanganallur-jallikattu.jpg/330px-Madurai-alanganallur-jallikattu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Madurai-alanganallur-jallikattu.jpg/440px-Madurai-alanganallur-jallikattu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Jallikattu" title="Jallikattu">Jallikattu</a> match</figcaption></figure> A resident of Tiruchirappalli is generally referred to as a Tiruchiite.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_201100320-246">[241]</a> Situated at the edge of the Kaveri Delta, the culture of Tiruchirappalli is predominantly <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Brahmanism" class="extiw" title="wikt:Brahmanism">Brahminical</a>, prevalent elsewhere in the delta.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESubramaniam197427-247">[242]</a> With a substantial population of students and migrant industrial workers from different parts of India, Tiruchirappalli has a more cosmopolitan outlook than the surrounding countryside.<a href="#cite_note-248">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[244]</a> The main festival celebrated in Tiruchirappalli is <a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a>, a regional harvest festival celebrated during January. As part of the Pongal celebrations, <a href="/wiki/Jallikattu" title="Jallikattu">Jallikattu</a>, a bull-taming village sport played on the last day of the festival,<a href="#cite_note-250">[245]</a> is occasionally held on the outskirts of the city.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110508-251">[246]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aadi_Perukku" title="Aadi Perukku">Aadi Perukku</a>,<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20090804-252">[247]</a> Samayapuram flower festival,<a href="#cite_note-253">[248]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vaikunta_Ekadasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaikunta Ekadasi">Vaikunta Ekadasi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-sify_vaikuntaekadasi-254">[249]</a> Srirangam car festival,<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20100401-255">[250]</a> and the Teppakulam float festival are some of the prominent festivals that are held locally.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradnock1994720-256">[251]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bakrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakrid">Bakrid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a> are also widely celebrated, owing to the substantial number of Muslims in the city.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20081210-257">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[253]</a> Nationwide festivals such as the <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">Gregorian New Year</a>,<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110102-259">[254]</a> Christmas, <a href="/wiki/Deepavali" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepavali">Deepavali</a><a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110611-260">[255]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a><a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110321-261">[256]</a> are also celebrated in Tiruchirappalli. The 12th century Tamil epic <a href="/wiki/Kambaramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kambaramayanam">Kambaramayanam</a> was first recited at the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_Srirangam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam">Ranganathaswamy temple</a> in Srirangam. In 1771, Rama Natakam, a musical drama written <a href="/wiki/Arunachala_Kavi" title="Arunachala Kavi">Arunachala Kavi</a> and based on the <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>, was also performed there.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDatta1987232-262">[257]</a> Tiruchirappalli was home to some of the prominent <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic musicians</a>—including <a href="/wiki/Lalgudi_Jayaraman" title="Lalgudi Jayaraman">Lalgudi Jayaraman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srirangam_Kannan" title="Srirangam Kannan">Srirangam Kannan</a> and <a href="/wiki/A._K._C._Natarajan" title="A. K. C. Natarajan">A. K. C. Natarajan</a>—and scholars such as <a href="/wiki/T._S._Murugesan_Pillai" title="T. S. Murugesan Pillai">T. S. Murugesan Pillai</a>, Kundalam Rangachariar and <a href="/wiki/K._A._P._Viswanatham" title="K. A. P. Viswanatham">K. A. P. Viswanatham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERajagopalan1992307-263">[258]</a> Composers, poets and vocalists such as <a href="/wiki/G._Ramanathan" title="G. Ramanathan">G. Ramanathan</a>, <a href="/wiki/T._K._Ramamoorthy" title="T. K. Ramamoorthy">T. K. Ramamoorthy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-264">[259]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vaali_(poet)" title="Vaali (poet)">Vaali</a> and <a href="/wiki/P._Madhuri" title="P. Madhuri">P. Madhuri</a>, who have made significant contributions to <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tamil_Nadu#Film_music" title="Music of Tamil Nadu">Tamil film music</a> hail from the city.<a href="#cite_note-265">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[261]</a> Textile weaving, leather-work and gem cutting are some of the important crafts practised in Tiruchirappalli.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlayneBondWright1914468-267">[262]</a> Wooden idols of Hindu gods and goddesses are sold at Poompuhar, the crafts emporium run by the Government of Tamil Nadu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson1985215-268">[263]</a> The Trichy Travel Federation (TTF) was formed on 5 May 2009 to promote Tiruchirappalli as a favourable tourist destination.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20100813-269">[264]</a> The federation organises an annual food festival called Suvai.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110804-270">[265]</a> Lack of infrastructure has been a major deterrent to the city's tourism industry.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110515-271">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110814-272">[267]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Landmarks">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Srirangam_Temple_Gopuram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Srirangam_Temple_Gopuram.jpg/170px-Srirangam_Temple_Gopuram.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Srirangam_Temple_Gopuram.jpg/255px-Srirangam_Temple_Gopuram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Srirangam_Temple_Gopuram.jpg/340px-Srirangam_Temple_Gopuram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The "Vellai Gopuram" (white tower) on the eastern entrance of the Srirangam temple named after a <a href="/wiki/Devadasi" title="Devadasi">Devadasi</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[268]</a></figcaption></figure> Once a part of the <a href="/wiki/Chola" class="mw-redirect" title="Chola">Chola</a> kingdom, Tiruchirappalli <a href="/wiki/List_of_temples_in_Tiruchirappalli" class="mw-redirect" title="List of temples in Tiruchirappalli">has a number of exquisitely sculpted temples</a> and fortresses.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20010422-274">[269]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malaikovil_Full_View.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Erumbeeswarar Temple at Tiruverumbur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Malaikovil_Full_View.JPG/220px-Malaikovil_Full_View.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Malaikovil_Full_View.JPG/330px-Malaikovil_Full_View.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Malaikovil_Full_View.JPG/440px-Malaikovil_Full_View.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Erumbeeswarar_Temple" title="Erumbeeswarar Temple">Erumbeeswarar Temple</a> has been designated a protected monument by the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Survey_of_India" title="Archaeological Survey of India">Archaeological Survey of India</a>.</figcaption></figure> Most of the temples, including the Rockfort temples, the <a href="/wiki/Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_Srirangam" title="Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam">Ranganathaswamy Temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Srirangam" title="Srirangam">Srirangam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jambukeswarar_Temple,_Thiruvanaikaval" title="Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval">Jambukeswarar Temple at Thiruvanaikkaval</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Samayapuram_Mariamman_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Samayapuram Mariamman Temple">Samayapuram Mariamman Temple</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Erumbeeswarar_Temple,_Thiruverumbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Erumbeeswarar Temple, Thiruverumbur">Erumbeeswarar Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neelivaneswarar_Temple" title="Neelivaneswarar Temple">Gneeliwaneswarar Temple at Thiruppaingneeli</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[270]</a> and the temples in <a href="/wiki/Urayur" class="mw-redirect" title="Urayur">Urayur</a>, are built in the <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_architecture" title="Dravidian architecture">Dravidian style of architecture</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUntracht1997389-276">[271]</a> the Ranganathaswamy Temple and Jambukeswarar Temple are often counted among the best examples of this style.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Indian_year_book193927-277">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown196899-278">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrwick188161-279">[274]</a> The rock-cut cave temples of the Rockfort, along with the gateway and the Erumbeeswarar Temple, are listed as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Monuments_of_National_Importance_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="List of Monuments of National Importance in Tamil Nadu">monuments of national importance</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Survey_of_India" title="Archaeological Survey of India">Archaeological Survey of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[275]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Night_View_of_Trichy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Night_View_of_Trichy.jpg/220px-Night_View_of_Trichy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Night_View_of_Trichy.jpg/330px-Night_View_of_Trichy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Night_View_of_Trichy.jpg/440px-Night_View_of_Trichy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2955" data-file-height="2213" /></a><figcaption>Night View of Trichy from the top of Rockfort, photographed from the temple window.</figcaption></figure> Considered one of the symbols of Tiruchirappalli, the Rockfort is a fortress which stands atop a 273-foot-high rock.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESundararaj1981119-281">[276]</a> It consists of a set of monolithic rocks accommodating many rock-cut cave temples. Originally built by the Pallavas, it was later reconstructed by the Madurai Nayaks and <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara" title="Vijayanagara">Vijayanagara</a> rulers. The temple complex has three shrines, two of which are dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Lord_Ganesha" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Ganesha">Lord Ganesha</a>, one at the foot and the <a href="/wiki/Ucchi_Pillayar_Temple,_Rockfort" title="Ucchi Pillayar Temple, Rockfort">Ucchi Pillayar Temple</a> at the top, and the <a href="/wiki/Thayumanavar_Temple,_Rockfort" class="mw-redirect" title="Thayumanavar Temple, Rockfort">Thayumanavar Temple</a> between them. The Thayumanavar temple, the largest of the three, houses a shrine for <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Pārvatī</a> as well as the main deity. As per a legend, Vayu Bhaghvan and Adiseshan had a dispute to find out who is superior, to prove the superiority adiseshan encircled the Kailasam, Vayu tried to remove this encircle by creating santamarutham (Twister). Because of the santamarutham, eight kodumudigal (parts) fell from kailasam into eight different places which are Thirugonamalai (<a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee, Sri Lanka</a>), <a href="/wiki/Srikalahasteeswara_temple" title="Srikalahasteeswara temple">Thirukalahasti</a>, Thiruchiramalai (Rock fort), <a href="/wiki/Thiruengoimalai_Maragadachaleswarar_Temple" title="Thiruengoimalai Maragadachaleswarar Temple">Thiruenkoimalai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velliangiri_Mountains" title="Velliangiri Mountains">Rajathagiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narthamalai" title="Narthamalai">Neerthagiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kulithalai" title="Kulithalai">Ratnagiri</a>, and Swethagiri <a href="/wiki/Neelivaneswarar_Temple" title="Neelivaneswarar Temple">Thirupangeeli</a>.<a href="#cite_note-282">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[278]</a> The Rockfort is visible from almost every part of the city's north.<a href="#cite_note-Nuvena-99">[96]</a> The Teppakulam at the foot of the Rockfort is surrounded by bazaars.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_BruynVenkatramanBain2006243-284">[279]</a> It has a <a href="/wiki/Mandapa" title="Mandapa">mandapa</a> at its centre.<a href="#cite_note-285">[280]</a> The Ranganathaswamy Temple, dedicated to the Hindu god <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>, is located on the island of Srirangam.<a href="#cite_note-Nuvena-99">[96]</a> Often cited as the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world,<a href="#cite_note-Nuvena-99">[96]</a> it has a perimeter of 4,116 metres (13,504 ft) and occupies 156 acres (630,000 m2).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMittalThursby2012456-286">[281]</a> Considered to be among the 108 <a href="/wiki/Divya_Desams" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Desams">Divya Desams</a> (Holy shrines of Lord Vishnu),<a href="#cite_note-287">[282]</a> the temple is believed to house the mortal remains of the <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavite" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnavite">Vaishnavite</a> saint and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Ramanujacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramanujacharya">Ramanujacharya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAyyangar1908229-288">[283]</a> Originally built by the Cholas,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESajnani2001312-289">[284]</a> the temple was later renovated by the Pandyas, the <a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysalas</a>, the Madurai Nayaks and the Vijayanagar empire between the 9th and 16th centuries AD.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAyyar1991462-290">[285]</a> There are 21 <a href="/wiki/Gopurams" class="mw-redirect" title="Gopurams">gopurams</a> (towers),<a href="#cite_note-291">[286]</a> of which the Rajagopuram is 236 feet (72 m).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChand198736-292">[287]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Limca_Book_of_Records" title="Limca Book of Records">Limca Book of Records</a>, it was the tallest temple tower in the world until 1999.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELimca_Book_of_Records1999chpt._Tallest_temple_tower-293">[288]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Mary%27s_Church_-_Trichy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/St_Mary%27s_Church_-_Trichy.jpg/220px-St_Mary%27s_Church_-_Trichy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/St_Mary%27s_Church_-_Trichy.jpg/330px-St_Mary%27s_Church_-_Trichy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/St_Mary%27s_Church_-_Trichy.jpg/440px-St_Mary%27s_Church_-_Trichy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>St. Mary's Cathedral</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Jambukeswarar_Temple,_Thiruvanaikaval" title="Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval">Jambukeswarar Temple at Thiruvanaikkaval</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Erumbeeswarar_Temple" title="Erumbeeswarar Temple">Erumbeeswarar Temple at Thiruverumbur</a> were built in the rule of the Medieval Cholas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagaswamy1982161-294">[289]</a> <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGangoly197823-295">[290]</a> The Jambukeswarar Temple is one of the <a href="/wiki/Pancha_Bhoota_Stalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancha Bhoota Stalam">Pancha Bhoota Stalams</a> dedicated to Lord Shiva; it is the fifth largest temple complex in Tamil Nadu.<a href="#cite_note-296">[291]</a> The city's best known mosque is the <a href="/wiki/Nadir_Shah_Mosque" title="Nadir Shah Mosque">Nadir Shah Mosque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[292]</a> The Christ Church constructed by the German Protestant missionary <a href="/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Schwarz" title="Christian Friedrich Schwarz">Christian Friedrich Schwarz</a> in 1766 and the <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Church,_Tiruchirapalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Tiruchirapalli">Our Lady of Lourdes Church</a> are noted examples of <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival architecture</a> in the city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsher2003471-298">[293]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Butterfly_park_trichy9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Butterfly_park_trichy9.jpg/220px-Butterfly_park_trichy9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Butterfly_park_trichy9.jpg/330px-Butterfly_park_trichy9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Butterfly_park_trichy9.jpg/440px-Butterfly_park_trichy9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tropical_butterfly_conservatory,_Trichy" title="Tropical butterfly conservatory, Trichy">Tropical butterfly conservatory</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Chokkanatha_Nayak_Palace" title="Chokkanatha Nayak Palace">Chokkanatha Nayak Palace</a>, which houses the <a href="/wiki/Rani_Mangammal_Mahal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rani Mangammal Mahal">Rani Mangammal Mahal</a>, was built by the Madurai Nayaks in the 17th century; it has now been converted into a museum.<a href="#cite_note-299">[294]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_Arcot" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawab of Arcot">Nawab</a>'s palace,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIllustrated_Guide_to_the_South_Indian_Railway1900242-300">[295]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Railway_Heritage_Centre,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Railway Heritage Centre, Tiruchirappalli">Railway Heritage Centre</a>,<a href="#cite_note-open-301">[296]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Anaicut" title="Upper Anaicut">Upper Anaicut</a> constructed by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Cotton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Arthur Cotton">Sir Arthur Cotton</a>, and the world's oldest functional dam, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Anaicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Anaicut">Grand Anaicut</a>, are some of the other important structures in Tiruchirappalli.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHopeDigby1900231-302">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill2008257-303">[298]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Trichy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of educational institutions in Trichy">List of educational institutions in Trichy</a></div> Tiruchirappalli has been recognised in India as an important educational centre since the time of British rule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnCotton190848-304">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohn_Murray1920586-305">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[301]</a> <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_College,_Tiruchirappalli" title="St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli">St. Joseph's College</a>, which opened in Nagapattinam in 1846 and transferred to Tiruchirappalli in 1883, is one of the oldest educational institutions in South India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbermannPacePallenShahan191341-307">[302]</a> The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG) college, established in 1883, is a premium missionary institution in the city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnCotton190848-304">[299]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_CV_Raman.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A portrait of C. V. Raman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sir_CV_Raman.JPG/150px-Sir_CV_Raman.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sir_CV_Raman.JPG/225px-Sir_CV_Raman.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sir_CV_Raman.JPG/300px-Sir_CV_Raman.JPG 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Indian Nobel laureates">India's second Nobel laureate</a>, <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">C. V. Raman</a>, was born in Tiruchirappalli.</figcaption></figure> As of 2013,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit">[update]</a> Tiruchirappalli has 45 arts and science colleges, 40 polytechnic colleges and 13 colleges that offer management education. National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli is located in a area of 800 acres. National Institutional Ranking Framework ranked this NIT the first among other others in India.<a href="#cite_note-hemalatha-308">[303]</a> The St. Joseph's College, <a href="/wiki/National_College,_Tiruchirappalli" title="National College, Tiruchirappalli">National College</a>,<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20100927-309">[304]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Heber_College" title="Bishop Heber College">Bishop Heber College</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommonwealth_universities_yearbook2003737-310">[305]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Mohamed_College" title="Jamal Mohamed College">Jamal Mohamed College</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQādirīSiddiqui199813-311">[306]</a> MIET Engineering College, and the <a href="/wiki/Government_Law_College,_Tiruchirappalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Law College, Tiruchirappalli">Government Law College</a> are prominent colleges providing higher education in the arts and sciences.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELok_Sabha_debates2007350-312">[307]</a> There are approximately 35 engineering colleges in and around the city.<a href="#cite_note-economictimes_it-240">[235]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology,_Tiruchirappalli" title="National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli">National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli</a> established by the government in 1964 as the Regional Engineering College,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHandbook_of_Universities2006636-313">[308]</a> has a campus at <a href="/wiki/Thuvakudi" title="Thuvakudi">Thuvakudi</a> on the outskirts of Tiruchirappalli.<a href="#cite_note-outlook-2009-314">[309]</a> National Institute of Technology-Trichy (NIT-T) released the enhanced version of e-commerce mobile application, the institute Sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology The <a href="/wiki/Anbil_Dharmalingam_Agricultural_College_and_Research_Institute" title="Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute">Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute</a> was established as a constituent college of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Agricultural_University" title="Tamil Nadu Agricultural University">Tamil Nadu Agricultural University</a> in 1989, and the National Research Centre for Banana offer higher education and research in agriculture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHandbook_of_Universities2006812-315">[310]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Anna_University_of_Technology,_Tiruchirappalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna University of Technology, Tiruchirappalli">Tiruchirappalli branch of Anna University</a> was established after the bifurcation of Anna University in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-annaunivcbe-316">[311]</a> 64 self-financing colleges which offer courses in engineering, architecture, management and computer applications in the districts of <a href="/wiki/Ariyalur_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariyalur District">Ariyalur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuddalore_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuddalore District">Cuddalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagapattinam_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagapattinam District">Nagapattinam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perambalur_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Perambalur District">Perambalur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pudukkottai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudukkottai District">Pudukkottai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanjavur District">Thanjavur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiruvarur_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruvarur District">Tiruvarur</a> are affiliated to Anna University.<a href="#cite_note-annaunivbifurcation-317">[312]</a> The <a href="/wiki/SRM_Group_of_Colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="SRM Group of Colleges">SRM Group of Colleges</a> established the <a href="/wiki/SRM_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" title="SRM Institute of Science and Technology">SRM Institute of Science and Technology</a> at <a href="/wiki/Irungalur" class="mw-redirect" title="Irungalur">Irungalur</a> near Tiruchirappalli; this was followed by Chennai Medical College and Hospital in 2007. A proposal by the group to include the institutions in SRM University is under review by the Ministry of Human Resources Development of the Government of India.<a href="#cite_note-toi_20110328-318">[313]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bharathidasan_University" title="Bharathidasan University">Bharathidasan University</a> was established in Tiruchirappalli in 1982 and controls 104 colleges in Tiruchirappalli district and seven neighbouring districts.<a href="#cite_note-R._Krishnamoorthy-319">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuptaKumar2006121-320">[315]</a> The university also runs a management school, the <a href="/wiki/Bharathidasan_Institute_of_Management" title="Bharathidasan Institute of Management">Bharathidasan Institute of Management</a> in the city in collaboration with BHEL.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20090205-321">[316]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Tiruchirappalli" title="Indian Institute of Management Tiruchirappalli">Indian Institute of Management Tiruchirappalli</a> was set up during the <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Five-Year_Plan_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleventh Five-Year Plan (India)">Eleventh Five-Year Plan</a>, along with five other IIMs opened during the 2011–12 academic season.<a href="#cite_note-indianexpress_20100430-322">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-toi_20110211-323">[318]</a> In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Resource_Development_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)">Ministry of Human Resource Development</a> (MHRD) approved <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Information_Technology,_Srirangam" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Information Technology, Srirangam">Indian Institute of Information Technology</a> (IIIT),<a href="#cite_note-324">[319]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_National_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Nadu National Law School">Tamil Nadu National Law School</a>, modelled on the <a href="/wiki/National_Law_School_of_India_University" title="National Law School of India University">National Law School of India University</a>, both started their operations in the city.<a href="#cite_note-325">[320]</a> The city is also the regional headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Bharat_Hindi_Prachar_Sabha" title="Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha">Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha</a> for the state of Tamil Nadu.<a href="#cite_note-:0-326">[321]</a> There are 200 higher secondary schools in Tiruchirappalli;<a href="#cite_note-hemalatha-308">[303]</a> notable ones are the <a href="/wiki/St._Johns_Vestry_Anglo_Indian_Higher_Secondary_School" title="St. Johns Vestry Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School">St. Johns Vestry Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School</a>,<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20050802-327">[322]</a> <a href="/wiki/Campion_Anglo-Indian_Higher_Secondary_School" title="Campion Anglo-Indian Higher Secondary School">Campion Anglo-Indian Higher Secondary School</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELok_Sabha_debates199828-328">[323]</a> <a href="/wiki/St.Joseph%27s_School,_Trichy" class="mw-redirect" title="St.Joseph's School, Trichy">St Joseph's Anglo Indian Girls Higher Secondary School</a>,<a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu-329">[324]</a> <a href="/wiki/Railway_Mixed_Higher_Secondary_School,_Golden_Rock,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Railway Mixed Higher Secondary School, Golden Rock, Tiruchirappalli">Railway Mixed Higher Secondary School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Higher_Secondary_School_for_Boys,_Srirangam" title="Higher Secondary School for Boys, Srirangam">Higher Secondary School for Boys, Srirangam</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[325]</a> and <a href="/wiki/RSK_Higher_Secondary_School" class="mw-redirect" title="RSK Higher Secondary School">RSK Higher Secondary School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmarnathGhosh200518-331">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestripHolroyde2010380-332">[327]</a> Notable people who were either born or educated at Tiruchirappalli include <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">C. V. Raman</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamaswamy2007202-333">[328]</a> <a href="/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">A. P. J. Abdul Kalam</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamaswamy20071-334">[329]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sujatha_(writer)" title="Sujatha (writer)">Sujatha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaali_(poet)" title="Vaali (poet)">Vaali</a>, <a href="/wiki/G._N._Ramachandran" title="G. N. Ramachandran">G. N. Ramachandran</a>, and former President of India <a href="/wiki/R._Venkataraman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-R._Krishnamoorthy-319">[314]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hockey_Turf_Anna_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="synthetic turf in Anna stadium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hockey_Turf_Anna_Stadium.jpg/220px-Hockey_Turf_Anna_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hockey_Turf_Anna_Stadium.jpg/330px-Hockey_Turf_Anna_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hockey_Turf_Anna_Stadium.jpg/440px-Hockey_Turf_Anna_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Synthetic turf hockey ground in the <a href="/wiki/Anna_Stadium" title="Anna Stadium">Anna Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Hockey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> are the most popular sports in Tiruchirappalli.<a href="#cite_note-335">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20050926-336">[331]</a> Former Indian hockey goalkeepers <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornelius" title="Charles Cornelius">Charles Cornelius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Fernandez_(hockey_player)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leslie Fernandez (hockey player)">Leslie Fernandez</a>;<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110125-337">[332]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rajagopal_Sathish" title="Rajagopal Sathish">Rajagopal Sathish</a> who represents the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Indians" title="Mumbai Indians">Mumbai Indians</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Premier_League" title="Indian Premier League">Indian Premier League</a>;<a href="#cite_note-338">[333]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dharmaraj_Ravanan" title="Dharmaraj Ravanan">Dharmaraj Ravanan</a> who represents <a href="/wiki/Chennai_City_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Chennai City F.C.">Chennai City F.C.</a> in the <a href="/wiki/I-League" title="I-League">I League</a>;<a href="#cite_note-339">[334]</a> all hail from the city. The <a href="/wiki/Anna_Stadium" title="Anna Stadium">Anna Stadium</a> complex is the main venue for sports in the city; it hosts an indoor stadium and an <a href="/wiki/Astro_turf" class="mw-redirect" title="Astro turf">astro turf</a> hockey ground.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110125-337">[332]</a> The stadium complex also includes a football ground, an athletic track, a swimming pool, a gymnasium, a badminton court and a hostel for the athletes.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20080616-340">[335]</a> The Tiruchirappalli District Cricket Association (TDCA) is one of the constituents of the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Cricket_Association" title="Tamil Nadu Cricket Association">Tamil Nadu Cricket Association</a>,<a href="#cite_note-341">[336]</a> and regulates school, college and club cricket in the district.<a href="#cite_note-342">[337]</a> <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">First class cricket</a> matches were held at the <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Stadium,_Tiruchirappalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Tiruchirappalli">Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium</a>—formerly the Khajamalai Stadium.<a href="#cite_note-cricinfo_grounds-343">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[339]</a> At the association's golden jubilee celebrations in 2008–09, plans for the establishment of another cricket stadium and an academy in the outskirts of Tiruchirappalli city were mooted.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20080721-345">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20090126-346">[341]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mannarpuram" title="Mannarpuram">Mannarpuram</a> Cricket Academy is one of the noted cricket coaching academies in Tiruchirappalli.<a href="#cite_note-trichycoaching_cricinfo-347">[342]</a> Domestic association football, tennis and volleyball tournaments are held in and around the city.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20050113-348">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110207-349">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110107-350">[345]</a> Tiruchirappalli hosted the <a href="/wiki/Federation_Cup_(India)" title="Federation Cup (India)">Federation Cup</a>, a knockout-style club football tournament in 1984 and an open chess tournament organised by <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a> in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIllustrated_Weekly_of_India198613-351">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-indchessfed-352">[347]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> According to the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Registrar_of_Newspapers_for_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Registrar of Newspapers for India">Registrar of Newspapers in India</a>, more than 100 newspapers have been registered in Tiruchirappalli as of November 2013.<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit">[update]</a><a href="#cite_note-newspapers-list-353">[348]</a> The weekly newspaper Wednesday Review, founded in 1905, is the first prominent journal to be published in Tiruchirappalli.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Feudatory_and_zemindari_India193350-354">[349]</a> Among the major English-language newspapers being published in Tiruchirappalli are <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a> which launched a Tiruchirappalli edition in 2004,<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_aboutus-355">[350]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express" title="The New Indian Express">The New Indian Express</a>, which was publishing in Tiruchirappalli before The Hindu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgricultural_mechanisation_in_Asia,_Africa_and_Latin_America200475-356">[351]</a> Some of the important Tamil-language newspapers that publish a Tiruchirappalli edition are <a href="/wiki/Dina_Thanthi" title="Dina Thanthi">Dina Thanthi</a><a href="#cite_note-dinathanthi-357">[352]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dina_Mani" class="mw-redirect" title="Dina Mani">Dina Mani</a>,<a href="#cite_note-dinamani-358">[353]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dina_Malar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dina Malar">Dina Malar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malai_Malar" class="mw-redirect" title="Malai Malar">Malai Malar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinakaran" title="Dinakaran">Dinakaran</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenn's_press_directory197895-359">[354]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Murasu" title="Tamil Murasu">Tamil Murasu</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Sudar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamil Sudar (page does not exist)">Tamil Sudar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newspapers-list-353">[348]</a> The popular Tamil weekly <a href="/wiki/Ananda_Vikatan" title="Ananda Vikatan">Ananda Vikatan</a> launched a local supplement for Tiruchirappalli in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110303-360">[355]</a> The first radio transmission station in Tiruchirappalli was opened by <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a> (AIR) on 16 May 1939.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuthra1986-361">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWireless_world1947297-362">[357]</a> AIR started providing direct-to-home enabled radio broadcasting service from 2006.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20060112-363">[358]</a> In 2007, the AIR launched Ragam, a separate Carnatic music station, from the city.<a href="#cite_note-businessline_20070525-364">[359]</a> Apart from the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">government</a>-owned AIR, private FM radio stations such as <a href="/wiki/Hello_FM" title="Hello FM">Hello</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suryan_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Suryan FM">Suryan FM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_Mirchi" title="Radio Mirchi">Mirchi 95.0</a> from Tiruchirappalli.<a href="#cite_note-asiawaves-365">[360]</a> <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_National_Open_University" title="Indira Gandhi National Open University">Indira Gandhi National Open University</a>'s Gyan Vani started broadcasting from the city in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20080907-366">[361]</a> Tiruchirappalli's first campus community radio station was started by Holy Cross College on 22 December 2006.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20061222-367">[362]</a> Television broadcasting from Chennai was started on 15 August 1975.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20091009-368">[363]</a> Satellite television channels have been available since 1991.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhatt1994-369">[364]</a> Direct-to-home cable television services are provided by <a href="/wiki/DD_Direct_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="DD Direct Plus">DD Direct Plus</a><a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20041219-370">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-dth_dealerlist-371">[366]</a><a href="#cite_note-Television_relay_in_Trichy-372">[367]</a> and various other operators.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20070924-373">[368]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Tiruchirappalli" title="Transport in Tiruchirappalli">Transport in Tiruchirappalli</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TRZ_Check_In_Counters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Check-in counters at Trichy Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/TRZ_Check_In_Counters.jpg/220px-TRZ_Check_In_Counters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/TRZ_Check_In_Counters.jpg/330px-TRZ_Check_In_Counters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/TRZ_Check_In_Counters.jpg/440px-TRZ_Check_In_Counters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="770" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Airport_check-in" title="Airport check-in">Check-in counters</a> at the integrated terminal of <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_International_Airport" title="Tiruchirappalli International Airport">Tiruchirappalli International Airport</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:E1_Tejas_Exp_22672_Trichy_Junction_Aug22_A7C_02355.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/E1_Tejas_Exp_22672_Trichy_Junction_Aug22_A7C_02355.jpg/220px-E1_Tejas_Exp_22672_Trichy_Junction_Aug22_A7C_02355.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/E1_Tejas_Exp_22672_Trichy_Junction_Aug22_A7C_02355.jpg/330px-E1_Tejas_Exp_22672_Trichy_Junction_Aug22_A7C_02355.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/E1_Tejas_Exp_22672_Trichy_Junction_Aug22_A7C_02355.jpg/440px-E1_Tejas_Exp_22672_Trichy_Junction_Aug22_A7C_02355.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5548" data-file-height="3735" /></a><figcaption>Madurai-Chennai Tejas Express at Trichy Junction</figcaption></figure> The most commonly used modes of local transport in Tiruchirappalli are the state government-owned <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_State_Transport_Corporation" title="Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation">Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation</a> (TNSTC) buses, and <a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">auto rickshaws</a>.<a href="#cite_note-master-374">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-375">[370]</a> Tiruchirappalli forms a part of the Kumbakonam division of the TNSTC.<a href="#cite_note-rtimanual_tnstckumbakonam-376">[371]</a> The city has two major bus termini; <a href="/wiki/Chatram_Bus_Stand" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatram Bus Stand">Chatram Bus Stand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Bus_Stand" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Bus Stand">Central Bus Stand</a>, both of which operate intercity services and local transport to suburban areas.<a href="#cite_note-377">[372]</a> The municipal administration and water supply department has accorded administrative sanction to construct new bus stands in three central districts at a total cost of 31.8 crore. The state infrastructure amenities promotion committee has approved providing 50% of the estimated cost in 10 towns and cities across the state. Tiruchirappalli sits at the junction of two major National Highways—<a href="/wiki/National_Highway_45_(India)" title="National Highway 45 (India)">NH 45</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_67_(India)" title="National Highway 67 (India)">NH 67</a>.<a href="#cite_note-378">[373]</a> NH 45 <a href="#cite_note-NHAI-379">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhandari200919-380">[375]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_BruynBainAllardice2010351-381">[376]</a> is one of the most congested highways in south India and carries almost 10,000 lorries on the Tiruchirappalli–Chennai stretch every night.<a href="#cite_note-382">[377]</a> Other National Highways originating in the city is NH336 <a href="#cite_note-383">[378]</a> connecting <a href="/wiki/Trichy" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichy">Trichy</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pudukkottai" title="Pudukkottai">Pudukkottai</a>-<a href="/wiki/Devakottai" title="Devakottai">Devakottai</a>, this two lane route is going to be converted to four lane route till <a href="/wiki/Karaikudi" title="Karaikudi">Karaikudi</a> as there is a massive increments in road PCU usages.<a href="#cite_note-384">[379]</a> State highways that start from the city include <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_25_(Tamil_Nadu)" title="State Highway 25 (Tamil Nadu)">SH 25</a> and SH 62.<a href="#cite_note-385">[380]</a> Tiruchirappalli has 715.85 km (444.81 mi) of road maintained by the municipal corporation.<a href="#cite_note-386">[381]</a> A semi-ring road connecting all the National Highways is being constructed to ease traffic congestion in the city.<a href="#cite_note-387">[382]</a> As of 2013,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit">[update]</a> approximately 328,000 two-wheelers, 93,500 cars and 10,000 public transport vehicles operate within the city limits,<a href="#cite_note-pollution-195">[190]</a> apart from the 1,500 inter-city buses that pass through Tiruchirappalli daily.<a href="#cite_note-dennis-164">[159]</a> Tiruchirappalli suffers from traffic congestion mainly because of its narrow roads and absence of an integrated bus station.<a href="#cite_note-dennis-164">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-388">[383]</a> Passenger trains also carry a significant number of passengers from nearby towns.<a href="#cite_note-master-374">[369]</a> The Great Southern of India Railway Company was established in 1853 with its headquarters at England.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuthiah2004321-389">[384]</a> In 1859, the company constructed its first railway line connecting Tiruchirappalli and Nagapattinam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuthiah2004321-389">[384]</a> The company merged with the Carnatic Railway Company in 1874 to form the <a href="/wiki/South_Indian_Railway_Company" title="South Indian Railway Company">South Indian Railway Company</a> with Tiruchirappalli as its headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-390">[385]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReport_on_the_Administration_of_the_Madras_Presidency1877260-391">[386]</a> The city retained the position until 1908 when the company's headquarters was transferred to Madras.<a href="#cite_note-392">[387]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_Junction_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirappalli Junction railway station">Tiruchirappalli Junction</a> is one of the busiest in India.<a href="#cite_note-393">[388]</a> It constitutes a <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_railway_division" title="Tiruchirappalli railway division">separate division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_zone" title="Southern Railway zone">Southern Railway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-trichydivision-394">[389]</a> Tiruchirappalli has rail connectivity with most important cities and towns in India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhandari200919-380">[375]</a> Other railway stations in the city include <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_Fort_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirappalli Fort railway station">Tiruchirappalli Fort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_Town_railway_station" title="Tiruchirappalli Town railway station">Tiruchirappalli Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srirangam_railway_station" title="Srirangam railway station">Srirangam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_Palakkarai_railway_station" title="Tiruchirappalli Palakkarai railway station">Tiruchirappalli Palakkarai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rock_(Ponmalai)_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Rock (Ponmalai) railway station">Golden Rock (Ponmalai)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-395">[390]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIllustrated_Guide_to_the_South_Indian_Railway192671-396">[391]</a> Non-stop flight time from Chennai to Trichy is between 1 hr to 1 hr 30 mins depending on the aircraft's cruising speed, technical condition and weather/wind. Tiruchirappalli is served by <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_International_Airport" title="Tiruchirappalli International Airport">Tiruchirappalli International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/IATA_airport_code" title="IATA airport code">IATA</a>: TRZ, <a href="/wiki/ICAO_airport_code" title="ICAO airport code">ICAO</a>: VOTR),<a href="#cite_note-397">[392]</a> 5 km (3.1 mi) from the city centre.<a href="#cite_note-aai-398">[393]</a><a href="#cite_note-399">[394]</a> The airport handles fivefold more international air traffic than domestic services, making it the only airport in India with this huge variation. It serves as a gateway to immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">South-east Asian countries</a><a href="#cite_note-400">[395]</a> There are regular flights to Chennai,<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20110328-401">[396]</a> Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-lbo_20111207-402">[397]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>,<a href="#cite_note-thehindu_20081202-403">[398]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-404">[399]</a> The airport handled more than 1 million passengers and 2012 tonnes of cargo during the fiscal year 2013–14.<a href="#cite_note-405">[400]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_metropolitan_area" title="Tiruchirappalli metropolitan area">Tiruchirappalli metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_Srirangam" title="Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam">Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Tiruchirappalli" title="List of people from Tiruchirappalli">List of people from Tiruchirappalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_Indian_cities" title="Classification of Indian cities">Classification of Indian cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Anaicut" title="Upper Anaicut">Mukkombu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELCOT_IT_Park_Trichy" title="ELCOT IT Park Trichy">ELCOT IT Park Trichy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_Rock_Fort" title="Tiruchirappalli Rock Fort">Tiruchirappalli Rock Fort</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-expansion-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-expansion_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-expansion_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-expansion_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-expansion_5-3">d</a> The area of the city was expanded from 146.9 square kilometres (56.7 sq mi) to 167.23 square kilometres (64.57 sq mi) in 2010, as a result of which the population increased from 847,387 to 916,857 according to the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CMA-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-PCA-17">[15]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> The official spelling, as per the municipal corporation website is "Tiruchirappalli".<a href="#cite_note-Corporation-9">[8]</a> However, the spellings Tiruchirapalli, Tiruchchirapalli and Tiruchchirappalli are also widely used.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaliga1999993-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuppuram1988101-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Operations)1989-12">[11]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Madras was renamed as Chennai in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> As the river beds contain a large amount of <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a> in the form of sand, heat gets reflected.<a href="#cite_note-Gokul-115">[112]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> The Anglo-Indians are present in significant numbers in and around all Southern Railway divisional headquarters where they are employed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeefholtsAcharya2006205-148">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=733053">"Tiruchirapalli population in 2011 - Census India 2011"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tiruchirapalli+population+in+2011+-+Census+India+2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fpca%2FSearchDetails.aspx%3FId%3D733053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221007210106/https://www.trichycorporation.gov.in/profile4.php?who=34543#menu">"About City Municipal Corporation - Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation - E-Services Portal"</a>. Trichycorporation.gov.in. 22 September 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trichycorporation.gov.in/profile4.php?who=34543#menu">the original</a> on 7 October 2022. 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Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113231419/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/PCA_Highlights/pca_highlights_file/India/Chapter-3.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter%E2%80%933+%28Literates+and+Literacy+Rate%29&rft.pub=Registrar+General+and+Census+Commissioner+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FPCA%2FPCA_Highlights%2Fpca_highlights_file%2FIndia%2FChapter-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/population_enumeration.aspx">"Primary Census Abstract Data (Final Population)"</a>. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140208004957/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/population_enumeration.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Primary+Census+Abstract+Data+%28Final+Population%29&rft.pub=Registrar+General+and+Census+Commissioner+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fpopulation_enumeration.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988">Click the link "Primary Census Abstract Data for Slum (India & States/UTs – Town Level) (Excel Format)" to download the file in excel format </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/Waterless-loos-soon-in-major-places-in-Trichy/articleshow/11722478.cms">"Waterless loos soon in major places in Trichy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 2 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004222312/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-02/madurai/31016344_1_toilets-waterless-odour-free">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013. 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Retrieved 3 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Hoping+to+add+star+power%2C+BJP+woos+Rajinikanth+ahead+of+Lok+Sabha+polls&rft.date=2013-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FHoping-to-add-star-power-BJP-woos-Rajinikanth-ahead-of-Lok-Sabha-polls%2Farticleshow%2F22561333.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thehindu_20101229-135"><a href="#cite_ref-thehindu_20101229_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826144422/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/29/stories/2010122964040300.htm">"Lt. Governor felicitated"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 29 December 2010. 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Election Commission of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101011114340/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2010. 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Retrieved 16 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Key+highlights+of+the+general+elections+1967+to+the+Fourth+Lok+Sabha&rft.pub=Election+Commission+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feci.nic.in%2Feci_main%2FSR_KeyHighLights%2FLS_1967%2FVol_I_LS_67.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2004electionresults-185"><a href="#cite_ref-2004electionresults_185-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf">"Key highlights of the general elections 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 11 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rediff&rft.atitle=Cabinet+berth+for+Kumaramangalam+upsets+TN+BJP&rft.date=1998-03-30&rft.aulast=Sathiya+Moorthy&rft.aufirst=N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F1998%2Fmar%2F30tnbjp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-trichypolice-187"><a href="#cite_ref-trichypolice_187-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012223534/http://www.tnpolice.gov.in/District_Details.php?code=29620">"Trichy city"</a>. Tamil Nadu police. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tnpolice.gov.in/District_Details.php?code=29620">the original</a> on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trichy+city&rft.pub=Tamil+Nadu+police&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tnpolice.gov.in%2FDistrict_Details.php%3Fcode%3D29620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> Click on the "Commissioner Office" tab to get the name and contact details of police commissioner of Tiruchirappalli city district. </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011144604/http://tnpolice.gov.in/PDFS/Trichycity.pdf">"Commissioner of Police, Trichirapalli City"</a> (PDF). Tamil Nadu police. p. 1. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tncadcu.in/districts.htm">the original</a> on 9 December 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=District+Umpires&rft.pub=Tamil+Nadu+Cricket+Association+District+Cricket+Umpires&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tncadcu.in%2Fdistricts.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103223115/http://www.tnca.in/livesite/districtcrickettext.aspx">"District Cricket"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Cricket_Association" title="Tamil Nadu Cricket Association">Tamil Nadu Cricket Association</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tnca.in/livesite/districtcrickettext.aspx">the original</a> on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=District+Cricket&rft.pub=Tamil+Nadu+Cricket+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tnca.in%2Flivesite%2Fdistrictcrickettext.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cricinfo_grounds-343"><a href="#cite_ref-cricinfo_grounds_343-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58488.html">"Jawaharlal Nehru stadium"</a>. ESPNcricinfo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110325003057/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58488.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPNcricinfo&rft.atitle=Jawaharlal+Nehru+stadium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Findia%2Fcontent%2Fground%2F58488.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/14/1242_f.html">"First-class matches played on Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Tiruchirapalli"</a>. CricketArchive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023055318/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/14/1242_f.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CricketArchive&rft.atitle=First-class+matches+played+on+Jawaharlal+Nehru+Stadium%2C+Tiruchirapalli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcricketarchive.com%2FArchive%2FGrounds%2F14%2F1242_f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thehindu_20080721-345"><a href="#cite_ref-thehindu_20080721_345-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasad2008" class="citation news cs1">Prasad, G. (21 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314224240/http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/21/stories/2008072153020200.htm">"A golden year for Tiruchi District Cricket Association"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/21/stories/2008072153020200.htm">the original</a> on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=A+golden+year+for+Tiruchi+District+Cricket+Association&rft.date=2008-07-21&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2008%2F07%2F21%2Fstories%2F2008072153020200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thehindu_20090126-346"><a href="#cite_ref-thehindu_20090126_346-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090602044059/http://hindu.com/2009/01/26/stories/2009012655800900.htm">"Cricket is all about confidence and self-belief, says Srikkanth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 26 January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/26/stories/2009012655800900.htm">the original</a> on 2 June 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Cricket+is+all+about+confidence+and+self-belief%2C+says+Srikkanth&rft.date=2009-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2009%2F01%2F26%2Fstories%2F2009012655800900.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-trichycoaching_cricinfo-347"><a href="#cite_ref-trichycoaching_cricinfo_347-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://static.cricinfo.com/db/INTERACTIVE/COACHING/ACADEMY/TRICHY-LIST.html">"Coaching Academies in Trichy"</a>. ESPNcricinfo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120123001453/http://static.cricinfo.com/db/INTERACTIVE/COACHING/ACADEMY/TRICHY-LIST.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPNcricinfo&rft.atitle=Coaching+Academies+in+Trichy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic.cricinfo.com%2Fdb%2FINTERACTIVE%2FCOACHING%2FACADEMY%2FTRICHY-LIST.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thehindu_20050113-348"><a href="#cite_ref-thehindu_20050113_348-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131007053952/http://hindu.com/2005/01/13/stories/2005011307911800.htm">"Kennedy FC posts win"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 13 January 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hindu.com/2005/01/13/stories/2005011307911800.htm">the original</a> on 7 October 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Kennedy+FC+posts+win&rft.date=2005-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhindu.com%2F2005%2F01%2F13%2Fstories%2F2005011307911800.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thehindu_20110207-349"><a href="#cite_ref-thehindu_20110207_349-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/article1164418.ece">"Tennis time in rock city"</a>. The Hindu. 7 February 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110209161951/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/article1164418.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Tennis+time+in+rock+city&rft.date=2011-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2FTiruchirapalli%2Farticle1164418.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thehindu_20110107-350"><a href="#cite_ref-thehindu_20110107_350-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasad2011" class="citation news cs1">Prasad, G. (7 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article1047196.ece">"Boosting success off the net"</a>. The Hindu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131006191109/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article1047196.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Boosting+success+off+the+net&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-tamilnadu%2Farticle1047196.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIllustrated_Weekly_of_India198613-351"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIllustrated_Weekly_of_India198613_351-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIllustrated_Weekly_of_India1986">Illustrated Weekly of India 1986</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-indchessfed-352"><a href="#cite_ref-indchessfed_352-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061023221153/http://www.indianchessfed.org/News/2006/04news77.asp?id=1">"1st Trichy International (FIDE) Rating Open Chess Tournament 15th June – 20th June 2006"</a>. All India Chess Federation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianchessfed.org/News/2006/04news77.asp">the original</a> on 23 October 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1st+Trichy+International+%28FIDE%29+Rating+Open+Chess+Tournament+15th+June+%E2%80%93+20th+June+2006&rft.pub=All+India+Chess+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianchessfed.org%2FNews%2F2006%2F04news77.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-newspapers-list-353">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newspapers-list_353-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-newspapers-list_353-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130918081835/http://rni.nic.in/search_place.asp">"Publication Place Wise-Registration – Tamil Nadu"</a>. Registrar of Newspapers for India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rni.nic.in/search_place.asp">the original</a> on 18 September 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Publication+Place+Wise-Registration+%E2%80%93+Tamil+Nadu&rft.pub=Registrar+of+Newspapers+for+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frni.nic.in%2Fsearch_place.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> On this page, enter "Trichy", "Tiruchirapalli", "Tiruchirappalli" and "Tiruchi" in the tab to get the name and other details of the newspapers. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Feudatory_and_zemindari_India193350-354"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Feudatory_and_zemindari_India193350_354-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Feudatory_and_zemindari_India1933">The Feudatory and zemindari India 1933</a>, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-thehindu_aboutus-355"><a href="#cite_ref-thehindu_aboutus_355-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/navigation/?type=static&page=aboutus">"About us"</a>. The Hindu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609031408/http://www.thehindu.com/navigation/?type=static&page=aboutus">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=About+us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnavigation%2F%3Ftype%3Dstatic%26page%3Daboutus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgricultural_mechanisation_in_Asia,_Africa_and_Latin_America200475-356"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgricultural_mechanisation_in_Asia,_Africa_and_Latin_America200475_356-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAgricultural_mechanisation_in_Asia,_Africa_and_Latin_America2004">Agricultural mechanisation in Asia, Africa and Latin America 2004</a>, p. 75. </li> <li id="cite_note-dinathanthi-357"><a href="#cite_ref-dinathanthi_357-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990827210631/http://www.dailythanthi.com/home.asp?EditionID=12">"Dhina Thanthi Tiruchi edition Home page"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_Thanthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Thanthi">Daily Thanthi</a> (in Tamil). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailythanthi.com/home.asp?EditionID=12">the original</a> on 27 August 1999. Retrieved 24 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Thanthi&rft.atitle=Dhina+Thanthi+Tiruchi+edition+Home+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailythanthi.com%2Fhome.asp%3FEditionID%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dinamani-358"><a href="#cite_ref-dinamani_358-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130822122907/http://dinamani.com/edition_trichy/">"Dina Mani e-newspaper Trichy edition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dina_Mani" class="mw-redirect" title="Dina Mani">Dina Mani</a>. 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Retrieved 24 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dina+Mani&rft.atitle=Dina+Mani+e-newspaper+Trichy+edition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdinamani.com%2Fedition_trichy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenn's_press_directory197895-359"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenn's_press_directory197895_359-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBenn's_press_directory1978">Benn's press directory 1978</a>, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-thehindu_20110303-360"><a href="#cite_ref-thehindu_20110303_360-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110306181059/http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/03/stories/2011030356220400.htm">"Vikatan celebrates 85th anniversary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 3 March 2011. 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Retrieved 9 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=JET+Airways+starts+Tiruchi-Chennai+service&rft.date=2011-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2011%2F03%2F28%2Fstories%2F2011032858340200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lbo_20111207-402"><a href="#cite_ref-lbo_20111207_402-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130622030143/http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/news/sri-lanka-carrier-plans-nepal%2C-bangladesh-flights%2C-indian-frequencies-up/749489233">"Sri Lanka carrier plans Nepal, Bangladesh flights, Indian frequencies up"</a>. Lanka Business Online. 7 December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/news/sri-lanka-carrier-plans-nepal,-bangladesh-flights,-indian-frequencies-up/749489233">the original</a> on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lanka+Business+Online&rft.atitle=Sri+Lanka+carrier+plans+Nepal%2C+Bangladesh+flights%2C+Indian+frequencies+up&rft.date=2011-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lankabusinessonline.com%2Fnews%2Fsri-lanka-carrier-plans-nepal%2C-bangladesh-flights%2C-indian-frequencies-up%2F749489233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thehindu_20081202-403"><a href="#cite_ref-thehindu_20081202_403-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130727193847/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/02/stories/2008120254400500.htm">"Air Asia begins service to Tiruchi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 2 December 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/02/stories/2008120254400500.htm">the original</a> on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Air+Asia+begins+service+to+Tiruchi&rft.date=2008-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2008%2F12%2F02%2Fstories%2F2008120254400500.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-404"><a href="#cite_ref-404">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=88173">"Declaration of Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport Lucknow, Lal Bhadur Shastri Airport Varanasi and Airports at Tiruchirapalli, Mangalore and Coimbatore as International Airports"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Press_Information_Bureau" title="Press Information Bureau">Press Information Bureau</a>. 4 October 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014180056/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=88173">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2013. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/mar2k12annex4.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Traffic+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Freight&rft.pub=Airports+Authority+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aai.aero%2Ftraffic_news%2Fmar2k12annex4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbram2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Abram" title="David Abram">Abram, David</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sEhJBfbhTAAC">South India: Rough Guide Travel Guides</a>. 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Asian Educational Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-206-0151-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-206-0151-3"><bdi>81-206-0151-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Indian+shrines%3A+illustrated&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=81-206-0151-3&rft.aulast=Ayyar&rft.aufirst=P.+V.+Jagadisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBala1986" class="citation book cs1">Bala, Raj (1 January 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JFzaAAAAMAAJ">Trends in Urbanisation in India, 1901–1981</a>. Rawat Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7033-012-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7033-012-7"><bdi>978-81-7033-012-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103110551/http://books.google.com/books?id=JFzaAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trends+in+Urbanisation+in+India%2C+1901%E2%80%931981&rft.pub=Rawat+Publications&rft.date=1986-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-7033-012-7&rft.aulast=Bala&rft.aufirst=Raj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJFzaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaliga1999" class="citation book cs1">Baliga, B. S. (1999). Madras District Gazetteers: Tiruchirappalli (pts. 1–2). Superintendent, Govt. Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madras+District+Gazetteers%3A+Tiruchirappalli+%28pts.+1%E2%80%932%29&rft.pub=Superintendent%2C+Govt.+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Baliga&rft.aufirst=B.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBayly2004" class="citation book cs1">Bayly, Susan (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fxqtx8SflEsC&pg=PA233">Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society, 1700–1900</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89103-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89103-5"><bdi>978-0-521-89103-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103115107/http://books.google.com/books?id=Fxqtx8SflEsC&pg=PA233">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saints%2C+Goddesses+and+Kings%3A+Muslims+and+Christians+in+South+Indian+Society%2C+1700%E2%80%931900&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-89103-5&rft.aulast=Bayly&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFxqtx8SflEsC%26pg%3DPA233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeck2006" class="citation book cs1">Beck, Elisabeth (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vunVAAAAMAAJ">Pallava Rock Architecture And Sculpture</a>. Sri Aurobindo Institute of Research in Social Sciences, East West Books (India) Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-88661-46-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-88661-46-6"><bdi>978-81-88661-46-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pallava+Rock+Architecture+And+Sculpture&rft.pub=Sri+Aurobindo+Institute+of+Research+in+Social+Sciences%2C+East+West+Books+%28India%29+Limited&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-88661-46-6&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvunVAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenn's_press_directory1978" class="citation book cs1">Benn's press directory. Vol. 2. Benn's Publications Limited. 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Benn%27s+press+directory&rft.pub=Benn%27s+Publications+Limited&rft.date=1978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhandari2009" class="citation book cs1">Bhandari, Laveesh (2009). Indian states at a glance, 2008–09: Tamil Nadu : performance, facts and figures. Pearson Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-317-2347-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-317-2347-0"><bdi>978-81-317-2347-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+states+at+a+glance%2C+2008%E2%80%9309%3A+Tamil+Nadu+%3A+performance%2C+facts+and+figures&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-317-2347-0&rft.aulast=Bhandari&rft.aufirst=Laveesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhatt1994" class="citation book cs1">Bhatt, S. C. (1994). Satellite invasion of India. Gyan Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-212-0483-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-212-0483-5"><bdi>978-81-212-0483-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Satellite+invasion+of+India&rft.pub=Gyan+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-81-212-0483-5&rft.aulast=Bhatt&rft.aufirst=S.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradnock1994" class="citation book cs1">Bradnock, Robert W. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=le8uAQAAIAAJ">South Asian Handbook</a>. Trade & Travel Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780844299808" title="Special:BookSources/9780844299808"><bdi>9780844299808</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140617230332/http://books.google.com/books?id=le8uAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Asian+Handbook&rft.pub=Trade+%26+Travel+Publications&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780844299808&rft.aulast=Bradnock&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dle8uAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrayley-Hodgetts2008" class="citation book cs1">Brayley-Hodgetts, Jim (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jTbDI2N2lL4C&q=Madras+Matters">Madras Matters</a>. Lulu.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4357-0887-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4357-0887-7"><bdi>978-1-4357-0887-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019165927/https://books.google.com/books?id=jTbDI2N2lL4C&q=Madras+Matters">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madras+Matters&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4357-0887-7&rft.aulast=Brayley-Hodgetts&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjTbDI2N2lL4C%26q%3DMadras%2BMatters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1968" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Percy (1968). Indian Architecture. Vol. 1. D. B. Taraporevala.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Architecture&rft.pub=D.+B.+Taraporevala&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Percy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnCotton1908" class="citation book cs1">Burn, R.; Cotton, J. S. (1908). <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Gazetteer of India">Imperial Gazetteer of India</a>. Vol. 24. Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Gazetteer+of+India&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Burn&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Cotton%2C+J.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaldwell1881" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Caldwell" title="Robert Caldwell">Caldwell, Robert</a> (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/apoliticalandge00caldgoog">A Political and General History of the District of Tinnevelly, in the Presidency of Madras: From the Earliest Period to Its Cession to the English Government in A.D. 1801</a>. E. 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Berg Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85973-632-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85973-632-6"><bdi>978-1-85973-632-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Children+of+Colonialism%3A+Anglo-Indians+in+a+Postcolonial+World&rft.pub=Berg+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-85973-632-6&rft.aulast=Caplan&rft.aufirst=Lionel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_of_India1941" class="citation book cs1">Census Commissioner (1941). Census of India, 1941: Vol 2. Government of India.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1941%3A+Vol+2&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft.date=1941&rft.au=Census+Commissioner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChand1987" class="citation book cs1">Chand, Attar (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NuKIfWQliVUC">The Great Humanist Ramaswami Venkataraman</a>. Gyan Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-212-0106-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-212-0106-3"><bdi>978-81-212-0106-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213172046/http://books.google.com/books?id=NuKIfWQliVUC">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Humanist+Ramaswami+Venkataraman&rft.pub=Gyan+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-81-212-0106-3&rft.aulast=Chand&rft.aufirst=Attar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNuKIfWQliVUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChhabra2005" class="citation book cs1">Chhabra, G. S. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC&pg=PA103">Advance Study in the History of Modern India (Volume-1: 1707–1803)</a>. Lotus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-89093-06-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-89093-06-8"><bdi>978-81-89093-06-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103110957/http://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC&pg=PA103">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advance+Study+in+the+History+of+Modern+India+%28Volume-1%3A+1707%E2%80%931803%29&rft.pub=Lotus+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-89093-06-8&rft.aulast=Chhabra&rft.aufirst=G.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUkDi6rVbckoC%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommonwealth_universities_yearbook2003" class="citation book cs1">Commonwealth universities yearbook. Vol. 1. Association of Commonwealth Universities. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commonwealth+universities+yearbook&rft.pub=Association+of+Commonwealth+Universities&rft.date=2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta1987" class="citation book cs1">Datta, Amaresh (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA232">Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo</a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1803-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1803-1"><bdi>978-81-260-1803-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature%3A+A-Devo&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-81-260-1803-1&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Amaresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DObFCT5_taSgC%26pg%3DPA232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_BruynVenkatramanBain2006" class="citation book cs1">de Bruyn, Pippa de; Venkatraman, Niloufer; Bain, Keith (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frommersindia0000debr">Frommer's India</a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frommersindia0000debr/page/243">243</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-79434-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-79434-9"><bdi>978-0-471-79434-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frommer%27s+India&rft.pages=243&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-471-79434-9&rft.aulast=de+Bruyn&rft.aufirst=Pippa+de&rft.au=Venkatraman%2C+Niloufer&rft.au=Bain%2C+Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrommersindia0000debr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_BruynBainVenkatramanJoshi2008" class="citation book cs1">de Bruyn, Pippa; Bain, Keith; Venkatraman, Niloufer; Joshi, Shonar (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X1ksAQAAMAAJ">Frommer's India</a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470169087" title="Special:BookSources/9780470169087"><bdi>9780470169087</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231201838/http://books.google.com/books?id=X1ksAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frommer%27s+India&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780470169087&rft.aulast=de+Bruyn&rft.aufirst=Pippa&rft.au=Bain%2C+Keith&rft.au=Venkatraman%2C+Niloufer&rft.au=Joshi%2C+Shonar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX1ksAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_BruynBainAllardice2010" class="citation book cs1">de Bruyn, Pippa de; Bain, Keith; Allardice, David (2010). Frommer's India. Frommer's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-55610-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-55610-8"><bdi>978-0-470-55610-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frommer%27s+India&rft.pub=Frommer%27s&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-470-55610-8&rft.aulast=de+Bruyn&rft.aufirst=Pippa+de&rft.au=Bain%2C+Keith&rft.au=Allardice%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeefholtsAcharya2006" class="citation book cs1">Deefholts, Glenn; Acharya, Quentine (2006). The way we were: Anglo-Indian chronicles. Calcutta Tiljallah Relief Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9754639-3-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9754639-3-2"><bdi>978-0-9754639-3-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+way+we+were%3A+Anglo-Indian+chronicles&rft.pub=Calcutta+Tiljallah+Relief+Inc&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-9754639-3-2&rft.aulast=Deefholts&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Acharya%2C+Quentine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnvironmental_health1991" class="citation book cs1">Environmental health. Vol. 13. Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute. 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environmental+health&rft.pub=Central+Public+Health+Engineering+Research+Institute&rft.date=1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Feudatory_and_zemindari_India1933" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">The Feudatory and zemindari India. Vol. 13–14. 1933.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feudatory+and+zemindari+India&rft.date=1933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortescue1902" class="citation book cs1">Fortescue, Sir John William (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1GlKAAAAYAAJ">A History of the British Army</a>. Macmillan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107204603/https://books.google.com/books?id=1GlKAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+British+Army&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Fortescue&rft.aufirst=Sir+John+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1GlKAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGangoly1978" class="citation book cs1">Gangoly, Ordhendra Cooman (1978). South Indian bronzes. 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Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0607-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0607-9"><bdi>978-81-269-0607-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+universities&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-269-0607-9&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Ameeta&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Ashish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandbook_of_Universities2006" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rs-jsaPenxYC&pg=PA812">Handbook of Universities</a>. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0608-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0608-6"><bdi>978-81-269-0608-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131211223910/http://books.google.com/books?id=Rs-jsaPenxYC&pg=PA812">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Universities&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Dist&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-269-0608-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRs-jsaPenxYC%26pg%3DPA812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHemingway1907" class="citation book cs1">Hemingway, Frederick Ricketts (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AtBrlwEACAAJ">Madras District Gazetteers: Trichinopoly</a>. Vol. 1. Government Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502032552/http://books.google.com/books?id=AtBrlwEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madras+District+Gazetteers%3A+Trichinopoly&rft.pub=Government+Press&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Hemingway&rft.aufirst=Frederick+Ricketts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAtBrlwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermannPacePallenShahan1913" class="citation book cs1">Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward Aloysius; Pallen, Condé Bénoist; Shahan, Thomas Joseph; Wynn, John Joseph (1913). The Catholic encyclopedia: an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline, and history of the Catholic Church. Vol. 15. Encyclopedia Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+encyclopedia%3A+an+international+work+of+reference+on+the+constitution%2C+doctrine%2C+discipline%2C+and+history+of+the+Catholic+Church&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Press&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Herbermann&rft.aufirst=Charles+George&rft.au=Pace%2C+Edward+Aloysius&rft.au=Pallen%2C+Cond%C3%A9+B%C3%A9noist&rft.au=Shahan%2C+Thomas+Joseph&rft.au=Wynn%2C+John+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill2008" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Christopher V. (2008). South Asia: An Environmental History. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-925-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-925-2"><bdi>978-1-85109-925-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Asia%3A+An+Environmental+History&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-925-2&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Christopher+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopeDigby1900" class="citation book cs1">Hope, Elizabeth; Digby, William (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.33514">General Sir Arthur Cotton, his life and work</a>. Hodder & Stoughton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Sir+Arthur+Cotton%2C+his+life+and+work&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.date=1900&rft.aulast=Hope&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.au=Digby%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.33514&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIllustrated_Guide_to_the_South_Indian_Railway1900" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_irg2AAAAMAAJ">Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway</a>. Higginbotham's. 1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+Guide+to+the+South+Indian+Railway&rft.pub=Higginbotham%27s&rft.date=1900&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_irg2AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIllustrated_Guide_to_the_South_Indian_Railway1926" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SzWvq8EYBwUC">Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway (Incorporated in England): Including the Tanjore District Board, Pondicherry, Peralam-Karaikkal, Travancore State, Cochin State, Coimbatore District Board, Tinnevelly-Tiruchendur, and the Nilgiri Railways</a>. Asian Educational Services. 1926. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-206-1889-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-206-1889-3"><bdi>978-81-206-1889-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201013173615/https://books.google.com/books?id=SzWvq8EYBwUC">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+Guide+to+the+South+Indian+Railway+%28Incorporated+in+England%29%3A+Including+the+Tanjore+District+Board%2C+Pondicherry%2C+Peralam-Karaikkal%2C+Travancore+State%2C+Cochin+State%2C+Coimbatore+District+Board%2C+Tinnevelly-Tiruchendur%2C+and+the+Nilgiri+Railways&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1926&rft.isbn=978-81-206-1889-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSzWvq8EYBwUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIllustrated_Weekly_of_India1986" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8GQdAQAAMAAJ">The Illustrated Weekly of India</a>. 1986. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231223357/http://books.google.com/books?id=8GQdAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Weekly+of+India&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8GQdAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_of_India1991" class="citation book cs1">India. Director of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LnsWAQAAMAAJ">Census of India, 1991: Tamil Nadu</a>. Controller of Publications. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023072157/https://books.google.com/books?id=LnsWAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1991%3A+Tamil+Nadu&rft.pub=Controller+of+Publications&rft.date=1994&rft.au=India.+Director+of+Census+Operations%2C+Tamil+Nadu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLnsWAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrill1989" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-xAVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA144">India and Indonesia During the Ancient Regime: Essays</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. 1989. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08363-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08363-9"><bdi>978-90-04-08363-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213194855/http://books.google.com/books?id=-xAVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA144">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+and+Indonesia+During+the+Ancient+Regime%3A+Essays&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-90-04-08363-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-xAVAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Indian_year_book1939" class="citation book cs1">The Indian year book. Vol. 26. Bennett, Coleman & Co. 1939.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indian+year+book&rft.pub=Bennett%2C+Coleman+%26+Co&rft.date=1939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngram1995" class="citation book cs1">Ingram, Edward (1995). Empire-building and Empire-builders: Twelve Studies. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4612-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4612-1"><bdi>978-0-7146-4612-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire-building+and+Empire-builders%3A+Twelve+Studies&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-4612-1&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaques2007" class="citation book cs1">Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Vol. 3. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33536-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33536-5"><bdi>978-0-313-33536-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Battles+and+Sieges&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33536-5&rft.aulast=Jaques&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Murray1920" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=crs5AQAAMAAJ">Handbook for India, Burma, and Ceylon</a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a>. 1920. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140104141344/http://books.google.com/books?id=crs5AQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2014. 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Sundeep Prakashan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+through+the+Ages&rft.pub=Sundeep+Prakashan&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Kuppuram&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLal1967" class="citation book cs1">Lal, Kishori Saran (1967). History of the Khaljis A. D. 1290–1320. Asia Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Khaljis+A.+D.+1290%E2%80%931320&rft.pub=Asia+Publishing+House&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Lal&rft.aufirst=Kishori+Saran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLimca_Book_of_Records1999" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IP1tAAAAMAAJ">Limca Book of Records</a>. Bisleri Beverages Limited. 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212164601/http://books.google.com/books?id=IP1tAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Limca+Book+of+Records&rft.pub=Bisleri+Beverages+Limited&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIP1tAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLimca_Book_of_Records2001" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-JtAAAAMAAJ">Limca Book of Records</a>. Bisleri Beverages Limited. 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160801200122/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-JtAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Limca+Book+of+Records&rft.pub=Bisleri+Beverages+Limited&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY-JtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLok_Sabha_debates1998" class="citation book cs1">Lok Sabha debates. Lok Sabha Secretariat. 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lok+Sabha+debates&rft.pub=Lok+Sabha+Secretariat&rft.date=1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLok_Sabha_debates2007" class="citation book cs1">Lok Sabha debates. 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Association for Asian Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-924304-45-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-924304-45-3"><bdi>978-0-924304-45-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capitalism+in+Asia&rft.pub=Association+for+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-924304-45-3&rft.aulast=Ludden&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuthra1986" class="citation book cs1">Luthra, H. R. (1986). Indian broadcasting. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+broadcasting&rft.pub=Publications+Division%2C+Ministry+of+Information+and+Broadcasting&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Luthra&rft.aufirst=H.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadras_District_Gazetteers1998" class="citation book cs1">Madras District Gazetteers: Tiruchirappalli (pt. 1–2). 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United Nations Publications. 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-1-048082-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-1-048082-6"><bdi>978-92-1-048082-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manufacture+of+Narcotic+Drugs%2C+Psychotropic+Substances+and+Their+Precursors&rft.pub=United+Nations+Publications&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-92-1-048082-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkovits2004" class="citation book cs1">Markovits, Claude (2004). A History of Modern India, 1480–1950. 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-60875-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-60875-1"><bdi>978-1-134-60875-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212154020/http://books.google.com/books?id=8CXU0MJmJboC&pg=PT16">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2013. 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East West Books (Madras) Pvt Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-88661-24-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-88661-24-4"><bdi>81-88661-24-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madras+Rediscovered&rft.pub=East+West+Books+%28Madras%29+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=81-88661-24-4&rft.aulast=Muthiah&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuthiah2008" class="citation book cs1">Muthiah, S. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tbR_LLkqdI8C">Madras, Chennai: A 400-year Record of the First City of Modern India</a>. 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Century. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-0857-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-0857-2"><bdi>978-0-7126-0857-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+in+luxury&rft.pub=Century&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-7126-0857-2&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalanithurai2007" class="citation book cs1">Palanithurai, Ganapathy (2007). A handbook for panchayati raj administration (Tamil Nadu). Concept Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-340-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-340-3"><bdi>978-81-8069-340-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+handbook+for+panchayati+raj+administration+%28Tamil+Nadu%29&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-8069-340-3&rft.aulast=Palanithurai&rft.aufirst=Ganapathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParanjape2009" class="citation book cs1">Paranjape, Makarand R. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gslfcdHp0soC">Altered Destinations: Self, Society, and Nation in India</a>. Anthem Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84331-797-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84331-797-5"><bdi>978-1-84331-797-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Altered+Destinations%3A+Self%2C+Society%2C+and+Nation+in+India&rft.pub=Anthem+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84331-797-5&rft.aulast=Paranjape&rft.aufirst=Makarand+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgslfcdHp0soC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlayneBondWright1914" class="citation book cs1">Playne, Somerset; Bond, J. W.; Wright, Arnold (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southernindiaits00some">Southern India: Its History, People, Commerce, and Industrial Resources</a>. Asian Educational Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120613447" title="Special:BookSources/9788120613447"><bdi>9788120613447</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southern+India%3A+Its+History%2C+People%2C+Commerce%2C+and+Industrial+Resources&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1914&rft.isbn=9788120613447&rft.aulast=Playne&rft.aufirst=Somerset&rft.au=Bond%2C+J.+W.&rft.au=Wright%2C+Arnold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsouthernindiaits00some&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPujariKolheKumar2006" class="citation book cs1">Pujari, R. M.; Kolhe, Pradeep; Kumar, N. R. (2006). Pride of India: A Glimpse into India's scientific heritage. 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Institute of Objective Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85220-52-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85220-52-9"><bdi>978-81-85220-52-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Education+and+Muslims+in+India+since+Independence&rft.pub=Institute+of+Objective+Studies&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-85220-52-9&rft.aulast=Q%C4%81dir%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Abdull%C4%81h+Val%C4%AB+Bak%CC%B2h%CC%B2sh&rft.au=Siddiqui%2C+Mohd.+Akhtar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadhakrishnan2008" class="citation book cs1">Radhakrishnan, P. (2008). Cad/cam/cim. New Age International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-224-1248-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-224-1248-2"><bdi>978-81-224-1248-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cad%2Fcam%2Fcim&rft.pub=New+Age+International&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-224-1248-2&rft.aulast=Radhakrishnan&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajagopalan1992" class="citation book cs1">Rajagopalan, N. (1992). Another Garland: Biographical Dictionary of Carnatic Composers & Musicians, Book II. Carnatic Classicals.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Another+Garland%3A+Biographical+Dictionary+of+Carnatic+Composers+%26+Musicians%2C+Book+II&rft.pub=Carnatic+Classicals&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Rajagopalan&rft.aufirst=N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajendranArumugamChandrasekaran2002" class="citation conference cs1">Rajendran, S.; Arumugam, M.; Chandrasekaran, V. A. (19–26 April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fig.net/resources/proceedings/fig_proceedings/fig_2002/Ts3-11/TS3_11_rajendran_etal.pdf">Potential Use of High Resolution IRS 1-C Satellite Data and Deletion of Urban Growth in and around of Tiruchirapalli city</a> (PDF). FIG XXII International Congress. 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Retrieved 30 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Potential+Use+of+High+Resolution+IRS+1-C+Satellite+Data+and+Deletion+of+Urban+Growth+in+and+around+of+Tiruchirapalli+city&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Federation+Internationale+des+Geometres&rft.date=2002-04-19%2F2002-04-26&rft.aulast=Rajendran&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Arumugam%2C+M.&rft.au=Chandrasekaran%2C+V.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fig.net%2Fresources%2Fproceedings%2Ffig_proceedings%2Ffig_2002%2FTs3-11%2FTS3_11_rajendran_etal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamachandran2008" class="citation book cs1">Ramachandran, D. P. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6Q7EiZmcMPMC">Empire's First Soldiers</a>. 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New Age International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-224-2030-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-224-2030-2"><bdi>978-81-224-2030-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Powder+metallurgy%3A+processing+for+automotive%2C+electrical%2Felectronic+and+engineering+industry%3B+%5BInternational+Conference+on+Powder+Metallurgy+for+Automotive+and+Engineering+Industry+...+at+the+Renaissance+Mumbai+Hotel+and+Convention+Centre+during+Feb.+3+%E2%80%93+6%2C+2005%5D&rft.pub=New+Age+International&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-224-2030-2&rft.aulast=Ramakrishnan&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamappaSingh1984" class="citation book cs1">Ramappa, M.; Singh, Sudershan (1984). 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Bennett, Coleman & Co. 1954.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Times+of+India+directory+and+year+book+including+who%27s+who&rft.pub=Bennett%2C+Coleman+%26+Co.&rft.date=1954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUntracht1997" class="citation book cs1">Untracht, Oppi (1997). Traditional Jewelry of India. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-3886-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-3886-1"><bdi>978-0-8109-3886-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+Jewelry+of+India&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-3886-1&rft.aulast=Untracht&rft.aufirst=Oppi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrwick1881" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Urwick_the_younger" title="William Urwick the younger">Urwick, William</a> (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indianpicturesdr00urwirich">Indian Pictures</a>. The Religious Tract Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Pictures&rft.pub=The+Religious+Tract+Society&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Urwick&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findianpicturesdr00urwirich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestripHolroyde2010" class="citation book cs1">Westrip, Joyce; Holroyde, Peggy (2010). Colonial Cousins: A Surprising History of Connections Between India and Australia. Wakefield Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86254-841-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86254-841-1"><bdi>978-1-86254-841-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+Cousins%3A+A+Surprising+History+of+Connections+Between+India+and+Australia&rft.pub=Wakefield+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-86254-841-1&rft.aulast=Westrip&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft.au=Holroyde%2C+Peggy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWireless_world1947" class="citation book cs1">Wireless world. Vol. 53. 1947.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuleBurnell1903" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Yule" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Henry Yule">Yule, Sir Henry</a>; <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Coke_Burnell" title="Arthur Coke Burnell">Burnell, Arthur Coke</a> (1903). "Trichinopoly". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121215005451/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.2:1:368.hobson">Hobson-Jobson: A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases</a>. J. Murray. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.2:1:368.hobson">the original</a> on 15 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trichinopoly&rft.btitle=Hobson-Jobson%3A+A+glossary+of+colloquial+Anglo-Indian+words+and+phrases&rft.pub=J.+Murray&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Yule&rft.aufirst=Sir+Henry&rft.au=Burnell%2C+Arthur+Coke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fphilologic%2Fgetobject.pl%3Fc.2%3A1%3A368.hobson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYunusParmar2003" class="citation book cs1">Yunus, Mohammad; Parmar, Aradhana (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=opbtAAAAMAAJ">South Asia: a historical narrative</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-579711-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-579711-4"><bdi>978-0-19-579711-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Asia%3A+a+historical+narrative&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-579711-4&rft.aulast=Yunus&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rft.au=Parmar%2C+Aradhana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DopbtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaidi1973" class="citation book cs1">Zaidi, A. Moin (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Etm1AAAAIAAJ">The way out to freedom: an inquiry into the Quit India Movement conducted by participants</a>. Orientalia (India). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780883862179" title="Special:BookSources/9780883862179"><bdi>9780883862179</bdi></a>. Retrieved 16 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+way+out+to+freedom%3A+an+inquiry+into+the+Quit+India+Movement+conducted+by+participants&rft.pub=Orientalia+%28India%29&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9780883862179&rft.aulast=Zaidi&rft.aufirst=A.+Moin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEtm1AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKempthorne1905" class="citation news cs1">Kempthorne, T. V. (5 April 1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=OW19050405.2.288">"A visit to Ceylon and India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Otago_Witness" title="Otago Witness">Otago Witness</a>. No. 2664. p. 80. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140815054939/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=OW19050405.2.288">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Otago+Witness&rft.atitle=A+visit+to+Ceylon+and+India&rft.issue=2664&rft.pages=80&rft.date=1905-04-05&rft.aulast=Kempthorne&rft.aufirst=T.+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DOW19050405.2.288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolony1926" class="citation book cs1">Molony, J. Chartres (1926). "Trichinopoly and Ootacamund". Book of South India. <a href="/wiki/Methuen_Publishing" title="Methuen Publishing">Methuen</a>. pp. 33–50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trichinopoly+and+Ootacamund&rft.btitle=Book+of+South+India&rft.pages=33-50&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=1926&rft.aulast=Molony&rft.aufirst=J.+Chartres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewell1920" class="citation book cs1">Newell, H. A. (1920). Trichinopoly: (The three great temples) : An Illustrated Guide. <a href="/wiki/Higginbotham%27s" title="Higginbotham's">Higginbotham's</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trichinopoly%3A+%28The+three+great+temples%29+%3A+An+Illustrated+Guide&rft.pub=Higginbotham%27s&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Newell&rft.aufirst=H.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRao1948" class="citation book cs1">Rao, V. N. Hari (1948). A history of Trichinopoly and Srirangam. University of Madras.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Trichinopoly+and+Srirangam&rft.pub=University+of+Madras&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=V.+N.+Hari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViji2000" class="citation news cs1">Viji, Chitra (13 February 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203070330/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2000/02/13/stories/1313049c.htm">"Jewel on the Cauvery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2000/02/13/stories/1313049c.htm">the original</a> on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Jewel+on+the+Cauvery&rft.date=2000-02-13&rft.aulast=Viji&rft.aufirst=Chitra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2Fthehindu%2F2000%2F02%2F13%2Fstories%2F1313049c.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiruchirappalli" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiruchirappalli&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Tiruchirappalli at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tiruchirapalli" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Tiruchirapalli">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" class="extiw" title="voy:Tiruchirappalli">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tiruchirappalli.nic.in/">Trichy District</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100304140428/http://www.trichycorporation.gov.in/">Trichy Corporation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111121152934/http://www.trichy.tn.nic.in/tlpa/default.htm">Trichy Local Planning Authority</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px_Geographic_locale" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="25px_Geographic_locale" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/25px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/38px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/50px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> Geographic locale</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Lat. and Long.</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tiruchirappalli&params=10_48_18_N_78_41_08_E_">10°48′18″N 78°41′08″E / 10.80500°N 78.68556°E / 10.80500; 78.68556</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tiruchirappalli" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tiruchirappalli" title="Template:Tiruchirappalli"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tiruchirappalli" title="Template talk:Tiruchirappalli"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tiruchirappalli" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tiruchirappalli"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tiruchirappalli" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tiruchirappalli</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tiruchirappalli" title="History of Tiruchirappalli">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cholas" title="Early Cholas">Early Cholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalabhra_dynasty" title="Kalabhra dynasty">Kalabhras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_dynasty" title="Pallava dynasty">Pallavas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Cholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Cholas">Medieval Cholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Cholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Later Cholas">Later Cholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandya_dynasty" title="Pandya dynasty">Later Pandyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Kafur" title="Malik Kafur">Invasion of Malik Kafur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai_Sultanate" title="Madurai Sultanate">Madurai Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai_Nayak_dynasty" title="Madurai Nayak dynasty">Madurai Nayaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Trichinopoly_(1741)" title="Siege of Trichinopoly (1741)">Siege of Trichinopoly (1741)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Trichinopoly_(1743)" title="Siege of Trichinopoly (1743)">Siege of Trichinopoly (1743)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Carnatic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Carnatic War">Second Carnatic War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Trichinopoly_(1751%E2%80%931752)" title="Siege of Trichinopoly (1751–1752)">Siege of Trichinopoly (1751–1752)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Golden_Rock" title="Battle of Golden Rock">Battle of Golden Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Seringham" title="Battle of Seringham">Battle of Seringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_South_Indian_railway_strike" title="1928 South Indian railway strike">1928 South Indian railway strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_Memorial_(Tiruchirappalli)" title="World War I Memorial (Tiruchirappalli)">World War I Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography and architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tiruchirappalli" title="Geography of Tiruchirappalli">Geography of Tiruchirappalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokkanatha_Nayak_Palace" title="Chokkanatha Nayak Palace">Chokkanatha Nayak Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallanai_Dam" title="Kallanai Dam">Grand Anicut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangam_Island" title="Srirangam Island">Srirangam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichinopoly_Group" title="Trichinopoly Group">Trichinopoly Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Anaicut" title="Upper Anaicut">Upper Anaicut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhishekapuram" title="Abhishekapuram">Abhishekapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyamangalam" title="Ariyamangalam">Ariyamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rock,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Golden Rock, Tiruchirappalli">Golden Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangam" title="Srirangam">Srirangam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighbourhoods and suburbs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhishekapuram" title="Abhishekapuram">Abhishekapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alathur,_Tiruchirappalli_district" title="Alathur, Tiruchirappalli district">Alathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Nagar,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Anna Nagar, Tiruchirappalli">Anna Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyamangalam" title="Ariyamangalam">Ariyamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beema_Nagar" title="Beema Nagar">Beema Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikshandarkoil" title="Bikshandarkoil">Bikshandarkoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_Cantonment" title="Tiruchirappalli Cantonment">Cantonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chintamani,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Chintamani, Tiruchirappalli">Chintamani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Crawford, Tiruchirappalli">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devadhanam,_Tiruchirappalli_district" title="Devadhanam, Tiruchirappalli district">Devadhanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dheeran_Nagar" title="Dheeran Nagar">Dheeran Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edamalaipatti_Pudur" title="Edamalaipatti Pudur">Edamalaipatti Pudur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellakudy" title="Ellakudy">Ellakudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitapuram" title="Gitapuram">Gitapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rock,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Golden Rock, Tiruchirappalli">Golden Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailasapuram,_Tiruchirapalli" title="Kailasapuram, Tiruchirapalli">Kailasapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallukuzhi" title="Kallukuzhi">Kallukuzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karumandapam" title="Karumandapam">Karumandapam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaveri_Nagar" title="Kaveri Nagar">Kaveri Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khajamalai" title="Khajamalai">Khajamalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilakalkandarkottai" title="Kilakalkandarkottai">Kilakalkandarkottai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koothappar" title="Koothappar">Koothappar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnasamudram" title="Krishnasamudram">Krishnasamudram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._K._Nagar,_Tiruchirappalli" title="K. K. Nagar, Tiruchirappalli">K. K. Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambazha_Salai" title="Mambazha Salai">Mambazha Salai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manachanallur" title="Manachanallur">Manachanallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannarpuram" title="Mannarpuram">Mannarpuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natarajapuram" title="Natarajapuram">Natarajapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navalpattu" title="Navalpattu">Navalpattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakkarai" title="Palakkarai">Palakkarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjapur" title="Panjapur">Panjapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pappankurichi" title="Pappankurichi">Pappankurichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponnagar" title="Ponnagar">Ponnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirattiyur" title="Pirattiyur">Pirattiyur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthur,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Puthur, Tiruchirappalli">Puthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendrapuram" title="Raghavendrapuram">Raghavendrapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangiliyandapuram" title="Sangiliyandapuram">Sangiliyandapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senthaneerpuram" title="Senthaneerpuram">Senthaneerpuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singarathope" title="Singarathope">Singarathope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasa_Nagar,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Srinivasa Nagar, Tiruchirappalli">Srinivasa Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangam" title="Srirangam">Srirangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennur" title="Tennur">Tennur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichy_Teppakulam" title="Trichy Teppakulam">Teppakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharanallur" title="Tharanallur">Tharanallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thillai_Nagar" title="Thillai Nagar">Thillai Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvanaikaval" title="Thiruvanaikaval">Thiruvanaikaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruverumbur" title="Thiruverumbur">Thiruverumbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuvakudi" title="Thuvakudi">Thuvakudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraiyur" title="Uraiyur">Uraiyur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyyakondan_Thirumalai" title="Uyyakondan Thirumalai">Uyyakondan Thirumalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varahaneri" title="Varahaneri">Varahaneri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Tiruchirappalli" title="Transport in Tiruchirappalli">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chathiram_Bus_Station,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Chathiram Bus Station, Tiruchirappalli">Chatram Bus Stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bus_Station,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Central Bus Station, Tiruchirappalli">Central Bus Stand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_railway_division" title="Tiruchirappalli railway division">Tiruchirappalli railway division</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_stations_in_Tiruchirappalli" title="List of railway stations in Tiruchirappalli">List of Railway stations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_Monorail" title="Tiruchirappalli Monorail">Tiruchirappalli Monorail</a> (Proposed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_International_Airport" title="Tiruchirappalli International Airport">Tiruchirappalli International Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Tiruchirappalli" title="List of educational institutions in Tiruchirappalli">Educational institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_University_Chennai_%E2%80%93_Regional_Office,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Anna University Chennai – Regional Office, Tiruchirappalli">Anna University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathidasan_Institute_of_Management" title="Bharathidasan Institute of Management">Bharathidasan Institute of Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Heber_College" title="Bishop Heber College">Bishop Heber College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_College_of_Engineering,_Srirangam" title="Government College of Engineering, Srirangam">Government College of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Law_College,_Tiruchirapalli" title="Government Law College, Tiruchirapalli">Government Law College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Information_Technology,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Indian Institute of Information Technology, Tiruchirappalli">Indian Institute of Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Tiruchirappalli" title="Indian Institute of Management Tiruchirappalli">Indian Institute of Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Mohamed_College" title="Jamal Mohamed College">Jamal Mohamed College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_College,_Tiruchirappalli" title="National College, Tiruchirappalli">National College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology,_Tiruchirappalli" title="National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli">National Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_College,_Tiruchirappalli" title="St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli">St. Joseph's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_National_Law_University" title="Tamil Nadu National Law University">Tamil Nadu National Law University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divisional_Railway_Hospital,_Golden_Rock" title="Divisional Railway Hospital, Golden Rock">Golden Rock railway hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauvery_Hospital" title="Kauvery Hospital">Kauvery Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maruti_Hospital,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Maruti Hospital, Tiruchirappalli">Maruti Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Temples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_Srirangam" title="Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam">Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariamman_Temple,_Samayapuram" title="Mariamman Temple, Samayapuram">Mariamman Temple, Samayapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thayumanaswami_Temple,_Rockfort" title="Thayumanaswami Temple, Rockfort">Thayumanaswami Temple, Rockfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucchi_Pillayar_Temple,_Rockfort" title="Ucchi Pillayar Temple, Rockfort">Ucchi Pillayar Temple, Rockfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambukeswarar_Temple,_Thiruvanaikaval" title="Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval">Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azhagiya_Manavala_Perumal_Temple" title="Azhagiya Manavala Perumal Temple">Azhagiya Manavala Perumal Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthamar_Kovil" title="Uthamar Kovil">Uthamar Kovil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayalur_Murugan_Temple" title="Vayalur Murugan Temple">Vayalur Murugan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erumbeeswarar_Temple" title="Erumbeeswarar Temple">Erumbeeswarar Temple, Thiruverumbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vekkali_Amman_Temple" title="Vekkali Amman Temple">Vekkali Amman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchavarnaswamy_Temple" title="Panchavarnaswamy Temple">Panchavarnaswamy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandrudayan_Vinayaka_Temple" title="Nandrudayan Vinayaka Temple">Nandrudayan Vinayaka Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattu_Narasimhaperumal_Temple,_Srirangam" title="Kattu Narasimhaperumal Temple, Srirangam">Kattu Narasimhaperumal Temple, Srirangam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Holy_Redeemer,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Basilica of the Holy Redeemer, Tiruchirappalli">Basilica of the Holy Redeemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Christ Church, Tiruchirappalli">Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Church,_Tiruchirappalli" title="Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Tiruchirappalli">Our Lady of Lourdes Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mosques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nadir_Shah_Mosque" title="Nadir Shah Mosque">Nadir Shah Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Stadium" title="Anna Stadium">Anna Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Stadium,_Tiruchirappalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Tiruchirappalli">Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aadi_Perukku" title="Aadi Perukku">Aadi Perukku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapidary" title="Lapidary">Gem cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallikattu" title="Jallikattu">Jallikattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poochoriyal" title="Poochoriyal">Poochoriyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theppotsavam" title="Theppotsavam">Samayapuram float festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichinopoly_cigar" title="Trichinopoly cigar">Trichinopoly cigar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikuntha_Ekadashi" title="Vaikuntha Ekadashi">Vaikuntha Ekadashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tamil_dialect" title="Central Tamil dialect">Central Tamil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Heavy_Electricals_Limited" title="Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited">Bharat Heavy Electricals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Market" title="Gandhi Market">Gandhi Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rock_Railway_Workshop" title="Golden Rock Railway Workshop">Golden Rock Railway Workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rock_Shandy" title="Golden Rock Shandy">Golden Rock Shandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Projectile_Factory" title="High Energy Projectile Factory">High Energy Projectile Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Factory_Tiruchirappalli" title="Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli">OFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamy_Jewellery" title="Swamy Jewellery">Swamy Jewellery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly"> Legislative Assembly constituencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manapparai_Assembly_constituency" title="Manapparai Assembly constituency">Manapparai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangam_Assembly_constituency" title="Srirangam Assembly constituency">Srirangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruverumbur_Assembly_constituency" title="Thiruverumbur Assembly constituency">Thiruverumbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_East_Assembly_constituency" title="Tiruchirappalli East Assembly constituency">Tiruchirappalli East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_West_Assembly_constituency" title="Tiruchirappalli West Assembly constituency">Tiruchirappalli West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manachanallur_Assembly_constituency" title="Manachanallur Assembly constituency">Manachanallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalgudi_Assembly_constituency" title="Lalgudi Assembly constituency">Lalgudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musiri_Assembly_constituency" title="Musiri Assembly constituency">Musiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuraiyur_Assembly_constituency" title="Thuraiyur Assembly constituency">Thuraiyur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> constituencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency">Tiruchirappalli (Partly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perambalur_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Perambalur Lok Sabha constituency">Perambalur (Partly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karur_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Karur Lok Sabha constituency">Karur (Partly)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Other topics: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Tiruchirappalli" title="List of people from Tiruchirappalli">List of people from Tiruchirappalli</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tiruchirappalli_district" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tiruchirappalli_district" title="Template:Tiruchirappalli district"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tiruchirappalli_district" title="Template talk:Tiruchirappalli district"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tiruchirappalli_district" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tiruchirappalli district"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tiruchirappalli_district" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_district" title="Tiruchirappalli district">Tiruchirappalli district</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Taluks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lalgudi_taluk" title="Lalgudi taluk">Lalgudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manachanallur_taluk" title="Manachanallur taluk">Manachanallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manapparai_taluk" title="Manapparai taluk">Manapparai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marungapuri_taluk" title="Marungapuri taluk">Marungapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musiri_taluk" title="Musiri taluk">Musiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thottiyam_taluk" title="Thottiyam taluk">Thottiyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuraiyur_taluk" title="Thuraiyur taluk">Thuraiyur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangam_taluk" title="Srirangam taluk">Srirangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruverumbur_taluk" title="Thiruverumbur taluk">Thiruverumbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_West_taluk" title="Tiruchirappalli West taluk">Tiruchirappalli West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_East_taluk" title="Tiruchirappalli East taluk">Tiruchirappalli East</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Tiruchi_district.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Tiruchi_district.gif/150px-Tiruchi_district.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Tiruchi_district.gif/225px-Tiruchi_district.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Tiruchi_district.gif 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="197" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eragudi" title="Eragudi">Eragudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailasapuram,_Tiruchirapalli" title="Kailasapuram, Tiruchirapalli">Kailasapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallakudy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kallakudy">Kallakudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koothappar" title="Koothappar">Koothappar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnasamudram" title="Krishnasamudram">Krishnasamudram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalgudi" title="Lalgudi">Lalgudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manapparai" title="Manapparai">Manapparai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musiri" title="Musiri">Musiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pappankurichi" title="Pappankurichi">Pappankurichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pettavaithalai" title="Pettavaithalai">Pettavaithalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kannanur" title="South Kannanur">South Kannanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thathaiyangarpet" title="Thathaiyangarpet">Thathaiyangarpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thottiyam" title="Thottiyam">Thottiyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuraiyur" title="Thuraiyur">Thuraiyur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuvakudi" title="Thuvakudi">Thuvakudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuvarankurichi" title="Thuvarankurichi">Thuvarankurichi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tiruchirappalli</a> (district headquarters)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Revenue</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Revenue divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lalgudi_division" title="Lalgudi division">Lalgudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musiri_division" title="Musiri division">Musiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_division" title="Tiruchirappalli division">Tiruchirappalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangam_division" title="Srirangam division">Srirangam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Revenue blocks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andanallur_block" title="Andanallur block">Andanallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalgudi_block" title="Lalgudi block">Lalgudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manachanallur_block" title="Manachanallur block">Manachanallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manapparai_block" title="Manapparai block">Manapparai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manikandam_block" title="Manikandam block">Manikandam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marungapuri_block" title="Marungapuri block">Marungapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musiri_block" title="Musiri block">Musiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattayyangarpettai_block" title="Tattayyangarpettai block">Tattayyangarpettai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruverumbur_block" title="Thiruverumbur block">Thiruverumbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thottiyam_block" title="Thottiyam block">Thottiyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuraiyur_block" title="Thuraiyur block">Thuriayur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppiliyapuram_block" title="Uppiliyapuram block">Uppiliyapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiyampatti_block" title="Vaiyampatti block">Vaiyampatti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Tiruchirappalli_district" title="Category:Cities and towns in Tiruchirappalli district">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Tiruchirappalli_district" title="Category:People from Tiruchirappalli district">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Tiruchirappalli_district" title="List of villages in Tiruchirappalli district">Villages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template talk:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">Million-plus agglomerations</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Zonal_Council" title="Northern Zonal Council">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li>Haryana: <a href="/wiki/Faridabad" title="Faridabad">Faridabad</a></li> <li>Jammu and Kashmir: <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a></li> <li>Punjab: <a href="/wiki/Ludhiana" title="Ludhiana">Ludhiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a></li> <li>Rajasthan: <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota,_Rajasthan" title="Kota, Rajasthan">Kota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Zonal_Council" title="Central Zonal Council">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chhattisgarh: <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhilai" title="Bhilai">Bhilai</a></li> <li>Madhya Pradesh: <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a></li> <li>Uttar Pradesh:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad" title="Ghaziabad">Ghaziabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zonal_Council" title="Eastern Zonal Council">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bihar: <a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li>Jharkhand: <a href="/wiki/Jamshedpur" title="Jamshedpur">Jamshedpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanbad" title="Dhanbad">Dhanbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li>West Bengal: <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asansol" title="Asansol">Asansol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Zonal_Council" title="Western Zonal Council">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gujarat: <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadodara" title="Vadodara">Vadodara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajkot" title="Rajkot">Rajkot</a></li> <li>Maharashtra: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Vasai-Virar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Aurangabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Zonal_Council" title="Southern Zonal Council">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Andhra Pradesh: <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a></li> <li>Karnataka: <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li>Kerala: <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a></li> <li>Tamil Nadu: <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tiruchirappalli</a></li> <li>Telangana: <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207754#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207754#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/123913213">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4201546-7">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80112763">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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[\"CITEREFGanesan2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanesan2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanesan2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanesan2010\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGanesan2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanesan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanesan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGangoly1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorge2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGokul2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGokul2013\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFGuptaKumar2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHandbook_of_Universities2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHemingway1907\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerbermannPacePallenShahan1913\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHill2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHopeDigby1900\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIllustrated_Guide_to_the_South_Indian_Railway1900\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIllustrated_Guide_to_the_South_Indian_Railway1926\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIllustrated_Weekly_of_India1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIngram1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIyerSridhar2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaques2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_Murray1920\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarthik2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarthikeyan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarthikeyan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKempthorne1905\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnamoorthy2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnamoorthy2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnamoorthy2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnamoorthy2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuppuram1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLal1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLimca_Book_of_Records1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLimca_Book_of_Records2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLok_Sabha_debates1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLok_Sabha_debates2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLudden2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuthra1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadras_District_Gazetteers1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaheshwariChaturvedi1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalayala_Manorama2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkovits2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMayilvaganan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMenon2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMittalThursby2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMolony1926\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore1878\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuthanna1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuthiah2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuthiah2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuthiah2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuthiah2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuthiah2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNagaswamy1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNarasimhan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewell1920\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicholson1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalanithurai2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParanjape2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlayneBondWright1914\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPramaeshwaran2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrasad2008\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFPrasad2011\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPujariKolheKumar2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQādirīSiddiqui1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFR_Krishnamoorthy2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFR_Krishnamoorthy2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadhakrishnan2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajagopalan1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajaram2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajendran2012\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFRajendran2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajendranArumugamChandrasekaran2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamachandran2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamakrishnan2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamakrishnan2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamakrishnan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamappaSingh1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamaswami1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamaswamy2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRana2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRanking1867\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRao1948\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRao1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRasam1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavikumar2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRengarajan2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReport1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReport_on_the_Administration_of_the_Madras_Presidency1877\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_BradnockRoma_Bradnock2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoseNewton1929\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSLB2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSajnani2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanthanam2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaqaf2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaqaf2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSastri1935\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSathianathaier1924\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSathiya_Moorthy1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSelvan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSelvan2013\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSen1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSewell1900\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSivakumar2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSouth_Indian_Railway_Strike1928\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpecial_Correspondent2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrinivasan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrinivasan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSriram2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStanley2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteever2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubrahmanian1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubramaniam1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubramanian1928\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSundararaj1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuperintendent_Census_Operations1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuresh\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwaminathan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThani_Nayagam1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Administrator1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Feudatory_and_zemindari_India1933\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Indian_year_book1939\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Small_Hands_of_Slavery1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Times_of_India_directory1954\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThurston1913\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_Nations_Publications2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUntracht1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUrwick1881\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVasudevan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVenkat\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVignesh2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFViji2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWestripHolroyde2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWireless_world1947\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYuleBurnell1903\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYunusParmar2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZaidi1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_BruynBainAllardice2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_BruynBainVenkatramanJoshi2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_BruynVenkatramanBain2006\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Airport codes\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 10,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 123,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 125,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 116,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 31,\n [\"Coord\"] = 3,\n [\"Efn\"] = 8,\n [\"Featured article\"] = 1,\n [\"Google maps\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 30,\n [\"Historical populations\"] = 1,\n [\"IND\"] = 1,\n [\"INRConvert\"] = 4,\n [\"IPA-ta\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 6,\n [\"Maplink\"] = 1,\n [\"Mdash\"] = 3,\n [\"Million-plus cities in India\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rws\"] = 6,\n [\"Seal\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 195,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Tiruchirappalli\"] = 1,\n [\"Tiruchirappalli district\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"USD\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","620","17.3"],["dataWrapper 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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tiruchirappalli","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tiruchirappalli","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q207754","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q207754","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-02-21T13:27:49Z","dateModified":"2024-11-19T05:15:04Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fb\/Rock_Fortress_-_Tiruchirappalli_-_India.JPG","headline":"metropolis in Tamil Nadu, India"}</script> </body> </html>