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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_initiative_to_improve_the_situation_of_SCs_and_STs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government initiative to improve the situation of SCs and STs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_initiative_to_improve_the_situation_of_SCs_and_STs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government initiative to improve the situation of SCs and STs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_initiative_to_improve_the_situation_of_SCs_and_STs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scheduled_Castes_Sub-Plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scheduled_Castes_Sub-Plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scheduled_Castes_Sub-Plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issues_in_policy_and_implementation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issues_in_policy_and_implementation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Issues in policy and implementation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Issues_in_policy_and_implementation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Issues in policy and implementation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Issues_in_policy_and_implementation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Constitutional_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Constitutional history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="অনুসূচীত জাতি আৰু অনুসূচীত জনজাতি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অনুসূচীত জাতি আৰু অনুসূচীত জনজাতি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan_tayfalar%C4%B1" title="Hindistan tayfaları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hindistan tayfaları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="তফসিলি জাতি ও তফসিলি জনজাতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তফসিলি জাতি ও তফসিলি জনজাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="अनुसूचित जाति अउरी अनुसूचित जनजाति – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अनुसूचित जाति अउरी अनुसूचित जनजाति" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castes_i_tribus_reconegudes" title="Castes i tribus reconegudes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Castes i tribus reconegudes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registreeritud_kastid_ja_h%C3%B5imud" title="Registreeritud kastid ja hõimud – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Registreeritud kastid ja hõimud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castas_registradas_y_tribus_registradas" title="Castas registradas y tribus registradas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Castas registradas y tribus registradas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A0%95_%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B0%8F_%EC%A7%80%EC%A0%95_%EB%B6%80%EC%A1%B1" title="지정 카스트 및 지정 부족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지정 카스트 및 지정 부족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="अनुसूचित जाति और अनुसूचित जनजाति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अनुसूचित जाति और अनुसूचित जनजाति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trib%C3%B9_e_caste_riconosciute_dall%27India" title="Tribù e caste riconosciute dall'India – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tribù e caste riconosciute dall'India" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="പട്ടികജാതി പട്ടികവർഗ്ഗ വിഭാഗങ്ങൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പട്ടികജാതി പട്ടികവർഗ്ഗ വിഭാഗങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="अनुसूचित जाती आणि अनुसूचित जमाती – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अनुसूचित जाती आणि अनुसूचित जमाती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%81%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E9%83%A8%E6%97%8F" title="指定カーストと指定部族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="指定カーストと指定部族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanskelegstilte_kastar,_stammar_og_klassar_i_India" title="Vanskelegstilte kastar, stammar og klassar i India – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vanskelegstilte kastar, stammar og klassar i India" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%82%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A4_%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF_%E0%AC%93_%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%82%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A4_%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF" title="ଅନୁସୂଚିତ ଜାତି ଓ ଅନୁସୂଚିତ ଜନଜାତି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅନୁସୂଚିତ ଜାତି ଓ ଅନୁସୂଚିତ ଜନଜାତି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D9%82%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%92" title="درج لسٹ طبقات و درج لسٹ قبیلے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="درج لسٹ طبقات و درج لسٹ قبیلے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarejestrowane_kasty_i_plemiona_w_Indiach" title="Zarejestrowane kasty i plemiona w Indiach – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zarejestrowane kasty i plemiona w Indiach" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castas_registradas_e_tribos_registradas" title="Castas registradas e tribos registradas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Castas registradas e tribos registradas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Зарегистрированные касты и племена Индии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зарегистрированные касты и племена Индии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AB_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AB_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduled_castes" title="Scheduled castes – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Scheduled castes" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பட்டியல் சாதியினரும் பட்டியல் பழங்குடியினரும் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பட்டியல் சாதியினரும் பட்டியல் பழங்குடியினரும்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81,_%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాలు, షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాలు, షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94" title="วรรณะที่ถูกกำหนดและชนเผ่าที่ถูกกำหนด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วรรณะที่ถูกกำหนดและชนเผ่าที่ถูกกำหนด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%94%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Реєстрові касти та племена – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Реєстрові касти та племена" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%81%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%81%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84" title="درج فہرست طبقات و درج فہرست قبائل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="درج فہرست طبقات و درج فہرست قبائل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%97%E7%A7%8D%E5%A7%93%E5%92%8C%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%97%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD" title="表列种姓和表列部落 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="表列种姓和表列部落" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11555014#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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href="/w/index.php?title=Scheduled_castes_and_scheduled_tribes&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes">Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Official designations given to various groups of indigenous people in India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adivasi" title="Adivasi">Adivasi</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is missing information</b> about Scheduled Tribes.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Talk:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Scheduled Castes</b><sup id="cite_ref-List_of_SC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-List_of_SC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <b>Scheduled Tribes</b> are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The terms are recognized in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a> and the groups are designated in one or other of the categories.<sup id="cite_ref-scheduledcommunities_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scheduledcommunities-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> For much of the period of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule in the Indian subcontinent</a>, they were known as the Depressed Classes.<sup id="cite_ref-scheduledcommunities_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scheduledcommunities-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:189px;max-width:189px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:211px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2011_Census_Scheduled_Caste_caste_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2011_Census_Scheduled_Caste_caste_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg/187px-2011_Census_Scheduled_Caste_caste_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="187" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2011_Census_Scheduled_Caste_caste_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg/281px-2011_Census_Scheduled_Caste_caste_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2011_Census_Scheduled_Caste_caste_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg/374px-2011_Census_Scheduled_Caste_caste_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="1862" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Scheduled castes distribution map in India by state and union territory according to 2011 Census.<sup id="cite_ref-2011Census_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011Census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a> had the highest percentage of its population as SC (~32%), while <a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a> had 0%.<sup id="cite_ref-2011Census_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011Census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:199px;max-width:199px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:211px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2011_Census_Scheduled_Tribes_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/2011_Census_Scheduled_Tribes_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg/197px-2011_Census_Scheduled_Tribes_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="197" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/2011_Census_Scheduled_Tribes_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg/296px-2011_Census_Scheduled_Tribes_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/2011_Census_Scheduled_Tribes_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg/394px-2011_Census_Scheduled_Tribes_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Scheduled Tribes distribution map in India by state and union territory according to 2011 Census.<sup id="cite_ref-2011Census_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011Census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a> and Lakshadweep had the highest percentage of its population as ST (~95%), while <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a> had 0%.<sup id="cite_ref-2011Census_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011Census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> <p>In modern literature, many castes under the Scheduled Castes category are sometimes referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a></i>, meaning "broken" or "dispersed" for the untouchables.<sup id="cite_ref-roychowdhury_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roychowdhury-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merriam-Webster-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term having been popularised by the Dalit leader <a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a> during the independence struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-roychowdhury_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roychowdhury-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ambedkar preferred the term Dalit over <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a>'s term <a href="/wiki/Harijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Harijan">Harijan</a>, meaning "people of <a href="/wiki/Hari" title="Hari">Hari</a>" (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Man of God</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-roychowdhury_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roychowdhury-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the Scheduled Tribes are often referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Adivasi" title="Adivasi">Adivasi</a></i> (earliest inhabitants), <i><a href="/wiki/Vanvasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanvasi">Vanvasi</a></i> (inhabitants of forest) and <i>Vanyajati</i> (people of forest). However, the Government of India refrains from using derogatory and anthropologically incorrect <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (May 2024)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> terms. Instead, it uses the terms <i>Anusuchit Jati</i> (Scheduled Caste) and <i>Anusuchit Janjati</i> (Scheduled Tribe), as defined by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>, for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2018, the government "issued an advisory to all private satellite channels asking them to refrain from using the derogatory nomenclature 'Dalit', though rights groups and intellectuals have come out against any shift from 'Dalit' in popular usage".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Scheduled Castes and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Tribes_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scheduled Tribes in India">Scheduled Tribes</a> comprise about 16.6% and 8.6%, respectively, of India's population (according to the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CensusDalit_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusDalit-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950</i> lists 1,108 <a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">castes</a> across 28 <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">states</a> in its First Schedule,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <i>Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950</i> lists 744 tribes across 22 states in its First Schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the independence of India, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were given <a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">Reservation status</a>, guaranteeing political representation, preference in promotion, quota in universities, free and stipended education, scholarships, banking services, various government schemes and the Constitution lays down the general principles of <a href="/wiki/Positive_discrimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive discrimination">positive discrimination</a> for SCs and STs.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-constitution_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 35, 137">: 35, 137 </span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Scheduled Castes</dt></dl> <p><span class="anchor" id="SC_definition"></span> As per <i>Article 366 (24)</i> of Constitution of India the Scheduled Castes is defined as:<sup id="cite_ref-Articles_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Articles-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Such <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">castes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">races</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">tribes</a> or part of or groups within such castes, races or tribes as are deemed under <i>Article 341</i> to be Scheduled Castes for the purpose of this [Indian] constitution.</p></blockquote> <dl><dt>Scheduled Tribes</dt></dl> <p><span class="anchor" id="ST_definition"></span> As per <i>Article 366 (25)</i> of Constitution of India the Scheduled Tribes is defined as:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Articles_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Articles-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Such <a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">tribes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tribal_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribal communities">tribal communities</a> or part of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under <i>Article 342</i> to the Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this [Indian] Constitution.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identification_and_procedures">Identification and procedures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Identification and procedures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b>Article 341</b></i> </p><p><i><b>(1)</b></i> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> may with respect to any <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State or Union Territory</a> and where it is a State after consultation with the <a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governor</a> thereof, by public notification specify the castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within castes, races or tribes which shall for the purposes of this <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a> be deemed to be Scheduled Castes in relation to that State or Union Territory, as the case may be. </p><p><i><b>(2)</b></i> Parliament may by law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled Castes specified in a notification issued under clause of any caste, race or tribe or part of or group within any caste, race or tribe, but save as aforesaid a notification issued under the said clause shall not be varied by any subsequent notification.<sup id="cite_ref-Articles_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Articles-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><b>Article 342</b></i> </p><p><i><b>(1)</b></i> The President may with respect to any State or Union Territory and where it is a State, after consultation with the Governor thereof by public notification, specify the tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within tribes or tribal communities which shall for the purpose of this Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Tribes in relation to that State or Union Territory, as the case may be. </p><p><i><b>(2)</b></i> Parliament may by law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled Tribes specified in a notification issued under clause any tribe or tribal community or part of or group within any tribe or tribal community, but save as aforesaid a notification issued under the said clause shall not be varied by any subsequent notification.<sup id="cite_ref-Articles_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Articles-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a broader sense, the term 'Scheduled' refers to the legal list of specific castes and tribes of the states and union territories, as enacted in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>, with the purpose of <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> by ensuring social security, and providing adequate representation in education, employment, and governance to promote their upliftment and integration into mainstream society.<sup id="cite_ref-SCSTBrochure_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCSTBrochure-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The process of including and excluding communities, castes, or tribes to/from the list of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes adheres to certain silent criteria and procedures established by the Lokur committee in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Scheduled Castes (SCs), the criteria involve extreme social, educational, and economic backwardness resulting from the practice of <a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">untouchability</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, Scheduled Tribes (STs) are identified based on indications of primitive traits, distinctive culture, geographical isolation, shyness of contact with the larger community, and overall backwardness.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scheduling process refers back to the definitions of communities used in the <a href="/wiki/Census_in_British_India" title="Census in British India">colonial census</a> along with modern anthropological study and is guided by <i>Article 341</i> and <i>342</i>. Per the first clause of <i>Article 341</i> and <i>342</i>, the list of Scheduled communities is subject to specific <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">state and union territory</a>, with area restrictions to <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">districts</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_subdistricts_in_India" title="List of subdistricts in India">subdistricts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">tehsils</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, members of Scheduled Communities are entitled based on religious criteria: Scheduled Castes must be adherents of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas Scheduled Tribes can belong to any religion to be recognized as Scheduled.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SCSTBrochure_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCSTBrochure-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The evolution of the lower caste into the modern-day Scheduled Castes is complex. The <a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">caste system</a> as a stratification of classes in India originated about 2,000 years ago, and has been influenced by dynasties and ruling elites, including the Mughal Empire and the British Raj.<sup id="cite_ref-What_is_India's_caste_system_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_is_India's_caste_system-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hindu concept of <a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">historically</a> incorporated occupation-based communities.<sup id="cite_ref-What_is_India's_caste_system_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_is_India's_caste_system-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some low-caste groups, such as those formerly called <i><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">untouchables</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-EB_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who constitute modern-day Scheduled Castes, were considered outside the Varna system.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 1850s, these communities were loosely referred to as Depressed Classes, with the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The early 20th century saw a flurry of activity in the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British authorities</a> assessing the feasibility of responsible self-government for India. The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Councils_Act_1909" title="Indian Councils Act 1909">Morley–Minto Reforms Report</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montagu%E2%80%93Chelmsford_Reforms" title="Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms">Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms</a> Report and the <a href="/wiki/Simon_Commission" title="Simon Commission">Simon Commission</a> were several initiatives in this context. A highly contested issue in the proposed reforms was the reservation of seats for representation of the Depressed Classes in provincial and central legislatures.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1935, the UK <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Parliament">Parliament</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Government of India Act 1935</a>, designed to give Indian provinces greater self-rule and set up a national federal structure. The reservation of seats for the Depressed Classes was incorporated into the act, which came into force in 1937. The Act introduced the term "Scheduled Castes", defining the group as "such castes, parts of groups within castes, which appear to His Majesty in Council to correspond to the classes of persons formerly known as the 'Depressed Classes', as His Majesty in Council may prefer".<sup id="cite_ref-scheduledcommunities_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scheduledcommunities-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This discretionary definition was clarified in <i>The Government of India (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1936</i>, which contained a list (or Schedule) of castes throughout the British-administered provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-scheduledcommunities_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scheduledcommunities-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After independence the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Constituent Assembly</a> continued the prevailing definition of Scheduled Castes and Tribes, giving (via articles 341 and 342) the president of India and governors of the states a mandate to compile a full listing of castes and tribes (with the power to edit it later, as required). The complete list of castes and tribes was made via two orders: <i>The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950</i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> respectively. Which are derived from colonial list and first updated in Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Lists (Modification) Order, 1956. Furthermore, independent India's quest for inclusivity was incident through the appointment of <a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a> as the chairman of the drafting committee for the Constitution. Ambedkar was a scheduled caste constitutional lawyer, a member of the low caste.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 15 years since the first amendment listing Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, the government adopted updated criteria for inclusion and exclusion based on the Lokur committee report of 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 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td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28center td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29center td:nth-child(29){text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .col1right td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2right td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3right td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4right td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5right td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6right td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7right td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8right td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9right td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10right td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11right td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12right td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13right td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14right td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15right td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16right td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17right td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18right td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19right td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20right td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21right td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22right td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23right td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24right td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25right td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26right td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27right td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28right td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29right td:nth-child(29){text-align:right}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232966811">.mw-parser-output .hover-highlight tr:hover,.mw-parser-output .mw-datatable tr:hover{background-color:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);color:var(--color-base,#333)}.mw-parser-output .mw-datatable{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#333)}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text defaultright col1left col3center col7center hover-highlight"> <caption>States wise population of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, 2011 census<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">State and Union Territories</th> <th rowspan="2">Total population of the State and Union Territories </th> <th colspan="4">Scheduled Castes </th> <th colspan="4">Scheduled Tribes </th></tr> <tr> <th>No. of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Castes" title="List of Scheduled Castes">notified communities</a><sup id="cite_ref-addStatistics_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-addStatistics-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(as of October 2017)</span> </th> <th>Total population</th> <th>Pct. of Total Scheduled Castes</th> <th>Pct. of State and UT population</th> <th>No. of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Tribes" title="List of Scheduled Tribes">notified communities</a><sup id="cite_ref-addStatistics_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-addStatistics-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(as of December 2017)</span></th> <th>Total population</th> <th>Pct. of Total Scheduled Tribes</th> <th>Pct. of State and UT population </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>)</td> <td>84,580,777</td> <td>AP: 61<br />TG: 59</td> <td>13,878,078</td> <td>6.89</td> <td>16.41</td> <td>AP: 34<br />TG: 32</td> <td>5,918,073</td> <td>5.66</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></td> <td>1,383,727</td> <td>0</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>16</td> <td>951,821</td> <td>0.91</td> <td>68.79 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></td> <td>31,205,576</td> <td>16</td> <td>2,231,321</td> <td>1.11</td> <td>7.15</td> <td>29</td> <td>3,884,371</td> <td>3.72</td> <td>12.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></td> <td>104,099,452</td> <td>23</td> <td>16,567,325</td> <td>8.23</td> <td>15.91</td> <td>32</td> <td>1,336,573</td> <td>1.28</td> <td>1.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></td> <td>25,545,198</td> <td>44</td> <td>3,274,269</td> <td>1.63</td> <td>12.82</td> <td>42</td> <td>7,822,902</td> <td>7.48</td> <td>30.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></td> <td>1,458,545</td> <td>5</td> <td>25,449</td> <td>0.01</td> <td>1.74</td> <td>8</td> <td>149,275</td> <td>0.14</td> <td>10.23 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></td> <td>60,439,692</td> <td>36</td> <td>4,074,447</td> <td>2.02</td> <td>6.74</td> <td>32</td> <td>8,917,174</td> <td>8.53</td> <td>14.75 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></td> <td>25,351,462</td> <td>37</td> <td>5,113,615</td> <td>2.54</td> <td>20.17</td> <td>0</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></td> <td>6,864,602</td> <td>57</td> <td>1,729,252</td> <td>0.86</td> <td>25.19</td> <td>10</td> <td>392,126</td> <td>0.38</td> <td>5.71 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></td> <td>32,988,134</td> <td>22</td> <td>3,985,644</td> <td>1.98</td> <td>12.08</td> <td>32</td> <td>8,645,042</td> <td>8.27</td> <td>26.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></td> <td>61,095,297</td> <td>101</td> <td>10,474,992</td> <td>5.2</td> <td>17.15</td> <td>50</td> <td>4,248,987</td> <td>4.06</td> <td>6.95 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></td> <td>33,406,061</td> <td>69</td> <td>3,039,573</td> <td>1.51</td> <td>9.1</td> <td>43</td> <td>484,839</td> <td>0.46</td> <td>1.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></td> <td>72,626,809</td> <td>48</td> <td>11,342,320</td> <td>5.63</td> <td>15.62</td> <td>46</td> <td>15,316,784</td> <td>14.65</td> <td>21.09 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></td> <td>112,374,333</td> <td>59</td> <td>13,275,898</td> <td>6.59</td> <td>11.81</td> <td>47</td> <td>10,510,213</td> <td>10.05</td> <td>9.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></td> <td>2,855,794</td> <td>7</td> <td>97,328</td> <td>0.05</td> <td>3.41</td> <td>34</td> <td>1,167,422</td> <td>1.12</td> <td>40.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></td> <td>2,966,889</td> <td>16</td> <td>17,355</td> <td>0.01</td> <td>0.58</td> <td>17</td> <td>2,555,861</td> <td>2.44</td> <td>86.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></td> <td>1,097,206</td> <td>16</td> <td>1,218</td> <td>0</td> <td>0.11</td> <td>15</td> <td>1,036,115</td> <td>0.99</td> <td>94.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></td> <td>1,978,502</td> <td>0</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>5</td> <td>1,710,973</td> <td>1.64</td> <td>86.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></td> <td>41,974,218</td> <td>95</td> <td>7,188,463</td> <td>3.57</td> <td>17.13</td> <td>62</td> <td>9,590,756</td> <td>9.17</td> <td>22.85 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></td> <td>27,743,338</td> <td>39</td> <td>8,860,179</td> <td>4.4</td> <td>31.94</td> <td>0</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></td> <td>68,548,437</td> <td>59</td> <td>12,221,593</td> <td>6.07</td> <td>17.83</td> <td>12</td> <td>9,238,534</td> <td>8.84</td> <td>13.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></td> <td>610,577</td> <td>4</td> <td>28,275</td> <td>0.01</td> <td>4.63</td> <td>4</td> <td>206,360</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>33.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></td> <td>72,147,030</td> <td>76</td> <td>14,438,445</td> <td>7.17</td> <td>20.01</td> <td>36</td> <td>794,697</td> <td>0.76</td> <td>1.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></td> <td>3,673,917</td> <td>34</td> <td>654,918</td> <td>0.33</td> <td>17.83</td> <td>19</td> <td>1,166,813</td> <td>1.12</td> <td>31.76 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></td> <td>199,812,341</td> <td>66</td> <td>41,357,608</td> <td>20.54</td> <td>20.7</td> <td>15</td> <td>1,134,273</td> <td>1.08</td> <td>0.57 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></td> <td>10,086,292</td> <td>65</td> <td>1,892,516</td> <td>0.94</td> <td>18.76</td> <td>5</td> <td>291,903</td> <td>0.28</td> <td>2.89 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></td> <td>91,276,115</td> <td>60</td> <td>21,463,270</td> <td>10.66</td> <td>23.51</td> <td>40</td> <td>5,296,953</td> <td>5.07</td> <td>5.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></td> <td>380,581</td> <td>0</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>6</td> <td>28,530</td> <td>0.03</td> <td>7.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></td> <td>1,055,450</td> <td>36</td> <td>199,086</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>18.86</td> <td>0</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></td> <td>343,709</td> <td>4</td> <td>6,186</td> <td>0</td> <td>1.8</td> <td>7</td> <td>178,564</td> <td>0.17</td> <td>51.95 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman and Diu</a></td> <td>243,247</td> <td>5</td> <td>6,124</td> <td>0</td> <td>2.52</td> <td>5</td> <td>15,363</td> <td>0.01</td> <td>6.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></td> <td>12,541,302</td> <td>13</td> <td>924,991</td> <td>0.46</td> <td>7.38</td> <td>12</td> <td>1,493,299</td> <td>1.43</td> <td>11.91 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></td> <td>64,473 </td> <td>0</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="All native population">native pop.</span></td> <td>61,120</td> <td>0.06</td> <td>94.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></td> <td>16,787,941</td> <td>36</td> <td>2,812,309</td> <td>1.4</td> <td>16.75</td> <td>0</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a></td> <td>1,247,953</td> <td>16</td> <td>196,325</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>15.73</td> <td>0</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th>India</th> <th>1,210,854,977</th> <th>1,284<sup>*</sup></th> <th>201,378,372</th> <th>100</th> <th>16.63</th> <th>747<sup>*</sup></th> <th>104,545,716</th> <th>100</th> <th>8.63 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div style="display:inline-block;border-style: dotted;padding: 3px;border-color: #a0a8b0;border-width: 1px;background-color: white;color: black;margin: 3px;"><u><b>Note</b></u><br /> <ul><li>The census figures for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes represent selective demography, as the first clause of <i>Articles 341</i> and <i>342</i> specifies that Schedule status is specific to state or union territory (indicating <a href="/wiki/Native_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Native people">nativeness of the region</a> and the socio-economic disabilities arising therein), not to the whole country. For example, during the <a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">census operation</a>, if a member of a notified community is not present in the state or union territory where the community is recognized as such, or if a member of Scheduled Castes follows religions other than Hinduism, Buddhism, or Sikhism, they are not counted as part of the Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes, but rather as part of the general population.<sup id="cite_ref-casteEn_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-casteEn-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NongkynrihEPW_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NongkynrihEPW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PEWresearch_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEWresearch-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the states of <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a>, and the Union Territories of <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a>, no community is notified as Scheduled Castes; thus, there is no Scheduled Caste population.<sup id="cite_ref-ScheduledStateUT_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScheduledStateUT-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the states of <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, and the Union Territories of <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a>, no community is notified as Scheduled Tribes; thus, there is no Scheduled Tribe population.<sup id="cite_ref-ScheduledStateUT_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScheduledStateUT-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1233514072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1245584064"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1226773818"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1232966811"> <table class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text defaultright col1left hover-highlight"> <caption>State wise religion of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, 2011 census<sup id="cite_ref-SCSTReligion_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCSTReligion-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">States and Union Territories</th> <th colspan="3">Scheduled Caste</th> <th colspan="8">Scheduled Tribe </th></tr> <tr> <th>Hindu</th> <th>Sikh</th> <th>Buddhist</th> <th>Hindu</th> <th>Muslim</th> <th>Christian</th> <th>Sikh</th> <th>Buddhist</th> <th>Jain</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tribal_religions_in_India" title="Tribal religions in India">Others</a></th> <th>Religion not stated </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>)</td> <td>13,848,473</td> <td>2,053</td> <td>27,552</td> <td>5,808,126</td> <td>28,586</td> <td>57,280</td> <td>890</td> <td>608</td> <td>644</td> <td>810</td> <td>21,129 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>97,629</td> <td>3,567</td> <td>389,507</td> <td>245</td> <td>96,391</td> <td>441</td> <td>358,663</td> <td>5,378 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></td> <td>2,229,445</td> <td>1,335</td> <td>541</td> <td>3,349,772</td> <td>13,188</td> <td>495,379</td> <td>387</td> <td>7,667</td> <td>424</td> <td>12,039</td> <td>5,515 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></td> <td>16,563,145</td> <td>1,595</td> <td>2,585</td> <td>1,277,870</td> <td>11,265</td> <td>32,523</td> <td>150</td> <td>252</td> <td>123</td> <td>10,865</td> <td>3,525 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></td> <td>3,208,726</td> <td>1,577</td> <td>63,966</td> <td>6,933,333</td> <td>8,508</td> <td>385,041</td> <td>620</td> <td>1,078</td> <td>312</td> <td>488,097</td> <td>5,913 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></td> <td>25,265</td> <td>7</td> <td>177</td> <td>99,789</td> <td>531</td> <td>48,783</td> <td>20</td> <td>62</td> <td>18</td> <td>12</td> <td>60 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></td> <td>4,062,061</td> <td>1,038</td> <td>11,348</td> <td>8,747,349</td> <td>34,619</td> <td>120,777</td> <td>1,262</td> <td>1,000</td> <td>1,266</td> <td>3,412</td> <td>7,489 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></td> <td>4,906,560</td> <td>204,805</td> <td>2,250</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></td> <td>1,709,634</td> <td>15,939</td> <td>3,679</td> <td>307,914</td> <td>37,208</td> <td>275</td> <td>294</td> <td>45,998</td> <td>54</td> <td>23</td> <td>360 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></td> <td>3,983,629</td> <td>669</td> <td>1,346</td> <td>3,245,856</td> <td>18,107</td> <td>1,338,175</td> <td>984</td> <td>2,946</td> <td>381</td> <td>4,012,622</td> <td>25,971 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></td> <td>10,418,989</td> <td>2,100</td> <td>53,903</td> <td>4,171,265</td> <td>44,599</td> <td>12,811</td> <td>802</td> <td>472</td> <td>1,152</td> <td>665</td> <td>17,221 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></td> <td>3,039,057</td> <td>291</td> <td>225</td> <td>431,155</td> <td>18,320</td> <td>32,844</td> <td>42</td> <td>44</td> <td>18</td> <td>376</td> <td>2,040 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></td> <td>11,140,007</td> <td>2,887</td> <td>199,426</td> <td>14,589,855</td> <td>33,305</td> <td>88,548</td> <td>1,443</td> <td>1,796</td> <td>852</td> <td>584,338</td> <td>16,647 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></td> <td>8,060,130</td> <td>11,484</td> <td>5,204,284</td> <td>10,218,315</td> <td>112,753</td> <td>20,335</td> <td>2,145</td> <td>20,798</td> <td>1,936</td> <td>93,646</td> <td>40,285 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></td> <td>97,238</td> <td>39</td> <td>51</td> <td>8,784</td> <td>4,296</td> <td>1,137,318</td> <td>209</td> <td>2,326</td> <td>288</td> <td>11,174</td> <td>3,027 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></td> <td>16,718</td> <td>528</td> <td>109</td> <td>122,141</td> <td>10,012</td> <td>2,157,887</td> <td>301</td> <td>6,886</td> <td>254</td> <td>251,612</td> <td>6,768 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></td> <td>1,102</td> <td>9</td> <td>107</td> <td>5,920</td> <td>4,209</td> <td>933,302</td> <td>62</td> <td>91,054</td> <td>343</td> <td>751</td> <td>474 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>15,035</td> <td>5,462</td> <td>1,680,424</td> <td>175</td> <td>4,901</td> <td>500</td> <td>3,096</td> <td>1,380 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></td> <td>7,186,698</td> <td>825</td> <td>940</td> <td>8,271,054</td> <td>15,335</td> <td>816,981</td> <td>1,019</td> <td>1,959</td> <td>448</td> <td>470,267</td> <td>13,693 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></td> <td>3,442,305</td> <td>5,390,484</td> <td>27,390</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></td> <td>11,999,984</td> <td>214,837</td> <td>6,772</td> <td>9,190,789</td> <td>13,340</td> <td>25,375</td> <td>663</td> <td>445</td> <td>622</td> <td>1,376</td> <td>5,924 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></td> <td>28,016</td> <td>15</td> <td>244</td> <td>40,340</td> <td>369</td> <td>16,899</td> <td>72</td> <td>1,36,041</td> <td>125</td> <td>12,306</td> <td>208 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></td> <td>14,435,679</td> <td>1,681</td> <td>1,085</td> <td>783,942</td> <td>2,284</td> <td>7,222</td> <td>84</td> <td>50</td> <td>45</td> <td>55</td> <td>1,015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></td> <td>654,745</td> <td>69</td> <td>104</td> <td>888,790</td> <td>2,223</td> <td>153,061</td> <td>250</td> <td>1,19,894</td> <td>318</td> <td>768</td> <td>1,509 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></td> <td>41,192,566</td> <td>27,775</td> <td>137,267</td> <td>1,099,924</td> <td>21,735</td> <td>1,011</td> <td>264</td> <td>353</td> <td>410</td> <td>2,404</td> <td>8,172 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></td> <td>1,883,611</td> <td>7,989</td> <td>916</td> <td>287,809</td> <td>1,847</td> <td>437</td> <td>364</td> <td>1,142</td> <td>7</td> <td>9</td> <td>288 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></td> <td>21,454,358</td> <td>3,705</td> <td>5,207</td> <td>3,914,473</td> <td>30,407</td> <td>343,893</td> <td>1,003</td> <td>220,963</td> <td>876</td> <td>774,450</td> <td>10,888 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>156</td> <td>1,026</td> <td>26,512</td> <td>0</td> <td>85</td> <td>0</td> <td>344</td> <td>407 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></td> <td>176,283</td> <td>22,659</td> <td>144</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></td> <td>6,047</td> <td>0</td> <td>139</td> <td>175,305</td> <td>242</td> <td>2,658</td> <td>15</td> <td>12</td> <td>4</td> <td>54</td> <td>274 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman and Diu</a></td> <td>6082</td> <td>1</td> <td>41</td> <td>15,207</td> <td>125</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></td> <td>913,507</td> <td>11,301</td> <td>183</td> <td>67,384</td> <td>1,320,408</td> <td>1,775</td> <td>665</td> <td>100,803</td> <td>137</td> <td>1,170</td> <td>957 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>44</td> <td>61,037</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td>10</td> <td>4</td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></td> <td>2,780,811</td> <td>25,934</td> <td>5,564</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a></td> <td>196,261</td> <td>33</td> <td>31</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th>India</th> <th>189,667,132</th> <th>5,953,664</th> <th>5,757,576</th> <th>84,165,325</th> <th>1,858,913</th> <th>10,327,052</th> <th>14,434</th> <th>866,029</th> <th>12,009</th> <th>7,095,408</th> <th>206,546 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div style="display:inline-block;border-style: dotted;padding: 3px;border-color: #a0a8b0;border-width: 1px;background-color: white;color: black;margin: 3px;"><u><b>Note</b></u><br /> <ul><li>The census figures for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes represent selective demography, as the first clause of <i>Articles 341</i> and <i>342</i> specifies that Schedule status is specific to state or union territory (indicating <a href="/wiki/Native_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Native people">nativeness of the region</a> and the socio-economic disabilities arising therein), not to the whole country. For example, during the <a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">census operation</a>, if a member of a notified community is not present in the state or union territory where the community is recognized as such, or if a member of Scheduled Castes follows religions other than Hinduism, Buddhism, or Sikhism, they are not counted as part of the Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes, but rather as part of the general population.<sup id="cite_ref-casteEn_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-casteEn-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NongkynrihEPW_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NongkynrihEPW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PEWresearch_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEWresearch-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the states of <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a>, and the Union Territories of <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a>, no community is notified as Scheduled Castes; thus, there is no Scheduled Caste population.<sup id="cite_ref-ScheduledStateUT_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScheduledStateUT-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the states of <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, and the Union Territories of <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a>, no community is notified as Scheduled Tribes; thus, there is no Scheduled Tribe population.<sup id="cite_ref-ScheduledStateUT_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScheduledStateUT-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_initiative_to_improve_the_situation_of_SCs_and_STs">Government initiative to improve the situation of SCs and STs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Government initiative to improve the situation of SCs and STs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="background:#ffdd99;p">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; background:#ffdd99;"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.5em 0"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F6AB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/70px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/105px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/140px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Attributes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Social</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">national</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Manifestations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus"><i>Numerus clausus</i> (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Countermeasures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>To effectively implement the safeguards built into the Constitution and other legislation, the Constitution under Articles 338 and 338A provides for two constitutional commissions: the <a href="/wiki/National_Commission_for_Scheduled_Castes" title="National Commission for Scheduled Castes">National Commission for Scheduled Castes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Commission_for_Scheduled_Tribes" title="National Commission for Scheduled Tribes">National Commission for Scheduled Tribes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chairpersons of both commissions sit <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex officio">ex officio</a></i> on the <a href="/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_of_India" title="National Human Rights Commission of India">National Human Rights Commission</a>. </p><p>The Constitution provides a three-pronged strategy<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to improve the situation of SCs and STs: </p> <ul><li><b>Protective arrangements:</b> Such measures as are required to enforce equality, to provide punitive measures for transgressions, and to eliminate established practices that perpetuate inequities. A number of laws were enacted to implement the provisions in the Constitution. Examples of such laws include the Untouchability Practices Act, 1955, <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Caste_and_Scheduled_Tribe_(Prevention_of_Atrocities)_Act,_1989" title="Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989">Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989</a>, The Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993, etc. Despite legislation, social discrimination and atrocities against the backward castes continued to persist.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Affirmative action:</b> Provide positive treatment in allotment of jobs and access to higher education as a means to accelerate the integration of the SCs and STs with mainstream society. Affirmative action is popularly known as <a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">reservation</a>. <i>Article 16</i> of the Constitution states "nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provisions for the reservation of appointments or posts in favor of any backward class of citizens, which, in the opinion of the state, is not adequately represented in the services under the State". The Supreme Court upheld the legality of affirmative action and the <a href="/wiki/Mandal_Commission" title="Mandal Commission">Mandal Commission</a> (a report that recommended that affirmative action not only apply to the Untouchables but the <a href="/wiki/Other_backward_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Other backward class">other backward class</a> as well). However, the reservations about affirmative action were only allotted in the public sector, not the private.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Development:</b> Provide resources and benefits to bridge the socioeconomic gap between the SCs and STs and other communities. Legislation to improve the socioeconomic situation of SCs and STs because twenty-seven percent of SC and thirty-seven percent of ST households lived below the poverty line, compared to the mere eleven percent among other households. Additionally, the backward castes were poorer than other groups in Indian society, and they suffered from higher morbidity and mortality rates.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scheduled_Castes_Sub-Plan">Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan (SCSP) of 1979 mandated a planning process for the social, economic and educational development of Scheduled Castes and improvement in their working and living conditions. It was an umbrella strategy, ensuring the flow of targeted financial and physical benefits from the general sector of development to the Scheduled Castes.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It entailed a targeted flow of funds and associated benefits from the annual plan of states and Union Territories (UTs) in at least a proportion to the national SC population. Twenty-seven states and UTs with sizable SC populations are implementing the plan. Although the Scheduled Castes population according to the <a href="/wiki/2001_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Census of India">2001 Census</a> was 16.66 <a href="/wiki/Crores" class="mw-redirect" title="Crores">crores</a> (16.23% of the total population), the allocations made through SCSP have been lower than the proportional population.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A strange factor has emerged of extremely lowered fertility of scheduled castes in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, due to land reform, migrating (<a href="/wiki/Kerala_Gulf_diaspora" title="Kerala Gulf diaspora">Kerala Gulf diaspora</a>) and democratization of education.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issues_in_policy_and_implementation">Issues in policy and implementation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Issues in policy and implementation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_history">Constitutional history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Constitutional history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the original Constitution, Article 338 provided for a special officer (the Commissioner for SCs and STs) responsible for monitoring the implementation of constitutional and legislative safeguards for SCs and STs and reporting to the president. Seventeen regional offices of the Commissioner were established throughout the country.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There was an initiative to replace the Commissioner with a committee in the 48th Amendment to the Constitution, changing Article 338. While the amendment was being debated, the Ministry of Welfare established the first committee for SCs and STs (with the functions of the Commissioner) in August 1978. These functions were modified in September 1987 to include advising the government on broad policy issues and the development levels of SCs and STs. Now it is included in Article 342.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1990, Article 338 was amended for the National Commission for SCs and STs with the <i>Constitution (Sixty fifth Amendment) Bill, 1990</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first commission under the 65th Amendment was constituted in March 1992, replacing the Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and the commission established by the Ministry of Welfare's Resolution of 1989. In 2003, the Constitution was again amended to divide the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes into two commissions: the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. Due to the spread of Christianity and Islam among scheduled caste communities, the converted individuals are not protected under the Indian Reservation policy. Hence, these societies usually forge their community certificate as Hindus and practice Christianity or Islam, afraid for their loss of reservation.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forward_caste" title="Forward caste">Forward caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-caste_marriages_in_India" title="Inter-caste marriages in India">Inter-caste marriages in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Tribes_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scheduled Tribes in India">List of Scheduled Tribes in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Castes_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scheduled Castes in India">List of Scheduled Castes in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particularly_vulnerable_tribal_group" title="Particularly vulnerable tribal group">Particularly vulnerable tribal group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Other_Backward_Class" title="Other Backward Class">Other Backward Classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">Reservation in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socio_Economic_Caste_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Socio Economic Caste Census 2011">Socio Economic Caste Census 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Areas" title="Scheduled Areas">Scheduled Areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Schedule_to_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India">Scheduled Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India#Schedules" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India § Schedules</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: Constitution of India. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div 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Times of India 5 September 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/pca/pca_pdf/PCA-CRC-0000.pdf">"2011 Census Primary Census Abstract"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Censusindia.gov.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805215732/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/pca/pca_pdf/PCA-CRC-0000.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Half+of+India%27s+dalit+population+lives+in+4+states&rft.date=2013-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FHalf-of-Indias-dalit-population-lives-in-4-states%2Farticleshow%2F19827757.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090619082941/http://lawmin.nic.in/ld/subord/rule3a.htm">"Text of the <i>Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950</i>, as amended"</a>. <i>Lawmin.nic.in</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lawmin.nic.in&rft.atitle=Text+of+the+Constitution+%28Scheduled+Tribes%29+Order%2C+1950%2C+as+amended&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawmin.nic.in%2Fld%2Fsubord%2Frule9a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar2020" class="citation web cs1">Kumar, K Shiva (17 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2020/feb/17/reserved-uncertainty-or-deserved-certainty-reservation-debate-back-in-mysuru-2104413.html">"Reserved uncertainty or deserved certainty? Reservation debate back in Mysuru"</a>. <i>The New Indian Express</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121184123/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2020/feb/17/reserved-uncertainty-or-deserved-certainty-reservation-debate-back-in-mysuru-2104413.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Reserved+uncertainty+or+deserved+certainty%3F+Reservation+debate+back+in+Mysuru&rft.date=2020-02-17&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=K+Shiva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fkarnataka%2F2020%2Ffeb%2F17%2Freserved-uncertainty-or-deserved-certainty-reservation-debate-back-in-mysuru-2104413.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-constitution-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-constitution_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI_1.pdf">"THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA [As on 9th December, 2020]"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)#Legislative_Department" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Legislative Department</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126153125/https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI_1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legislative+Department&rft.atitle=THE+CONSTITUTION+OF+INDIA+%5BAs+on+9th+December%2C+2020%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislative.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FCOI_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Articles-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Articles_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Articles_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Articles_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Articles_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncsc.nic.in/files/ncsc/new3/201.pdf">"Chapter- II, Social Constitutional Provisions for Protection and Development of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ncsc.nic.in</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ncsc.nic.in&rft.atitle=Chapter-+II%2C+Social+Constitutional+Provisions+for+Protection+and+Development+of+the+Scheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fncsc.nic.in%2Ffiles%2Fncsc%2Fnew3%2F201.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/ch-11.pdf">"Chapter III"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>dopt.gov.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205103652/https://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/ch-11.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dopt.gov.in&rft.atitle=Chapter+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdopt.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fch-11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCSTBrochure-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SCSTBrochure_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCSTBrochure_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/BROCHURE_Reservation_SCST_In_Service_1993.pdf"><i>Brochure on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Services</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (8th ed.). Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions; Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India. 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240615214547/https://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/BROCHURE_Reservation_SCST_In_Service_1993.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brochure+on+Scheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes+in+Services&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Personnel%2C+Public+Grievances+and+Pensions%3B+Department+of+Personnel+and+Training%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdopt.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FBROCHURE_Reservation_SCST_In_Service_1993.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dpe.gov.in/sites/default/files/Reservation_Brochure-2.pdf">Reservation Brochure</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209202017/https://dpe.gov.in/sites/default/files/Reservation_Brochure-2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indiacode.nic.in&rft.atitle=THE+CONSTITUTION+%28EIGHTY-NINTH+AMENDMENT%29+ACT%2C+2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiacode.nic.in%2Fcoiweb%2Famend%2Famend89.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://nhrc.nic.in/Publications/reportKBSaxena.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070508052156/http://nhrc.nic.in/Publications/reportKBSaxena.pdf">Archived</a> 8 May 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSengupta2013" class="citation book cs1">Sengupta, Chandan (2013). <i>Democracy, Development, and Decentralization in India: Continuing Debates</i>. 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(2012). <i>A Concise History of Modern India</i>. New York: Cambridge. p. 274. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-67218-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-67218-5"><bdi>978-1-107-67218-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+Modern+India&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=274&rft.pub=Cambridge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-107-67218-5&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=Barbara+D.&rft.au=Metcalf%2C+Thomas+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSengupta2013" class="citation book cs1">Sengupta, Chandan (2013). <i>Democracy, Development and Decentralization in India: Continuing Debates</i>. Routledge. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136198489" title="Special:BookSources/9781136198489"><bdi>9781136198489</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy%2C+Development+and+Decentralization+in+India%3A+Continuing+Debates&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781136198489&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Chandan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSridharan2005" class="citation web cs1">Sridharan, R (31 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226071402/http://www.planningcommission.nic.in/plans/stateplan/scp%26tsp/noteguidelinesFor.doc">"Letter from Joint Secretary (SP) to Planning Secretaries of All Indian States/UTs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(India)" title="Planning Commission (India)">Planning Commission (India)</a></i>. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Planning+Commission+%28India%29&rft.atitle=Letter+from+Joint+Secretary+%28SP%29+to+Planning+Secretaries+of+All+Indian+States%2FUTs&rft.date=2005-10-31&rft.aulast=Sridharan&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planningcommission.nic.in%2Fplans%2Fstateplan%2Fscp%2526tsp%2FnoteguidelinesFor.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBone2015" class="citation book cs1">Bone, Omprakash S. (2015). <i>Mannewar: A Tribal Community in India</i>. Notion Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9352063444" title="Special:BookSources/978-9352063444"><bdi>978-9352063444</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mannewar%3A+A+Tribal+Community+in+India&rft.pub=Notion+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-9352063444&rft.aulast=Bone&rft.aufirst=Omprakash+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS.C.2005" class="citation journal cs1">S., Pallikadavath; C., Wilson (1 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/7495/">"A paradox within a paradox: Scheduled caste fertility in Kerala"</a>. <i>Economic and Political Weekly</i>. <b>40</b> (28): 3085–3093. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171001214212/http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/7495/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=A+paradox+within+a+paradox%3A+Scheduled+caste+fertility+in+Kerala&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=28&rft.pages=3085-3093&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.aulast=S.&rft.aufirst=Pallikadavath&rft.au=C.%2C+Wilson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2F7495%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cons-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cons_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140909230437/http://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf">"Constitution of India as of 29 July 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Constitution of India</i>. Ministry of Law & Justice. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Constitution+of+India&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+India+as+of+29+July+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawmin.nic.in%2Fcoi%2Fcoiason29july08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Community-status-lapses-on-conversion-rules-Madras-High-Court/article12088388.ece">"Community status lapses on conversion, rules Madras High Court"</a>. <i>Thehindu.com</i>. 24 June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200220175425/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Community-status-lapses-on-conversion-rules-Madras-High-Court/article12088388.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thehindu.com&rft.atitle=Community+status+lapses+on+conversion%2C+rules+Madras+High+Court&rft.date=2013-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ftamil-nadu%2FCommunity-status-lapses-on-conversion-rules-Madras-High-Court%2Farticle12088388.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMandal2022" class="citation journal cs1">Mandal, Mahitosh (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.library.brandeis.edu/index.php/caste/article/view/367/96">"Dalit Resistance during the Bengal Renaissance: Five Anti-Caste Thinkers from Colonial Bengal, India"</a>. <i>Caste: A Global Journal on Social Exclusion</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 11–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26812%2Fcaste.v3i1.367">10.26812/caste.v3i1.367</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249027627">249027627</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Caste%3A+A+Global+Journal+on+Social+Exclusion&rft.atitle=Dalit+Resistance+during+the+Bengal+Renaissance%3A+Five+Anti-Caste+Thinkers+from+Colonial+Bengal%2C+India&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11-30&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26812%2Fcaste.v3i1.367&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A249027627%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mandal&rft.aufirst=Mahitosh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.library.brandeis.edu%2Findex.php%2Fcaste%2Farticle%2Fview%2F367%2F96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrivastavaChaudhary2009" class="citation book cs1">Srivastava, Vinay Kumar; Chaudhary, K. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Z2E1q1JLVsC&pg=PA50">"Anthropological Studies of Indian Tribes"</a>. In Atal, Yogesh singh chauhan (ed.). <i>Sociology and Social Anthropology in India</i>. Indian Council of Social Science Research/Pearson Education India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788131720349" title="Special:BookSources/9788131720349"><bdi>9788131720349</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anthropological+Studies+of+Indian+Tribes&rft.btitle=Sociology+and+Social+Anthropology+in+India&rft.pub=Indian+Council+of+Social+Science+Research%2FPearson+Education+India&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9788131720349&rft.aulast=Srivastava&rft.aufirst=Vinay+Kumar&rft.au=Chaudhary%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1Z2E1q1JLVsC%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribal.nic.in">Ministry of Tribal Affairs</a> – official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100605042409/http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/scst_main.html">2001 Census of India</a> – Tables on Individual Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dicci.org/index.html">Dalit Indian Chamber of Commerce & Industry</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161030112619/http://www.dicci.org/index.html">Archived</a> 30 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/maps2011.html">Administrative Atlas of India – 2011</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Caste_in_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Caste_in_India" title="Template:Caste in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Caste_in_India" title="Template talk:Caste in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Caste_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Caste in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Caste_in_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">Caste in India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caste and reservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">Caste system in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste_politics_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Caste politics in India">Caste politics in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste-related_violence_in_India" title="Caste-related violence in India">Caste-related violence in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economically_Weaker_Section" title="Economically Weaker Section">Economically Weaker Section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandalism_of_Ambedkar_statues" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandalism of Ambedkar statues">Vandalism of Ambedkar statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Brahminism" title="Anti-Brahminism">Anti-Brahminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">Reservation in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_Cases_Related_to_Reservation_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Court Cases Related to Reservation in India">Court Cases related to Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservation_policy_in_Indian_Institutes_of_Technology" title="Reservation policy in Indian Institutes of Technology">IIT reservation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservation_policy_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="Reservation policy in Tamil Nadu">Reservation policy in Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Respect_Movement" title="Self-Respect Movement">Self-Respect Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit_Buddhist_movement" title="Dalit Buddhist movement">Dalit Buddhist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periyar" title="Periyar">Periyar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communal_Award" title="Communal Award">Communal Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poona_Pact" title="Poona Pact">Poona Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandal_Commission_protests_of_1990" title="Mandal Commission protests of 1990">Mandal Commission protests of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namantar_Andolan" title="Namantar Andolan">Namantar Andolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Indian_anti-reservation_protests" title="2006 Indian anti-reservation protests">2006 anti-reservation protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Bathani_Tola_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Bathani Tola Massacre">1996 Bathani Tola Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Dalit_protests_in_Maharashtra" title="2006 Dalit protests in Maharashtra">2006 Dalit protests in Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurjjar_agitation_in_Rajasthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurjjar agitation in Rajasthan">2008 Gurjar agitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patidar_reservation_agitation" title="Patidar reservation agitation">Patidar agitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jat_reservation_agitation" title="Jat reservation agitation">Jat agitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Kranti_Morcha" title="Maratha Kranti Morcha">Maratha Kranti Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Dalit_protests_in_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Dalit protests in Maharashtra">Bhima Koregaon protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_caste_protests_in_India" title="April 2018 caste protests in India">April 2018 protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adivasi" title="Adivasi">Adivasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes</a> (SC and ST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Other_Backward_Class" title="Other Backward Class">Other Backward Classes</a> (OBC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_caste" title="Forward caste">Forward classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creamy_layer" title="Creamy layer">Creamy layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81ti" title="Jāti">Jāti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramanya" title="Gramanya">Gramanya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalelkar_Commission" title="Kalelkar Commission">Kalelkar Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandal_Commission" title="Mandal Commission">Mandal Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Commission_for_Backward_Classes" title="National Commission for Backward Classes">National Commission for Backward Classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Commission_for_Scheduled_Castes" title="National Commission for Scheduled Castes">National Commission for Scheduled Castes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Commission_for_Scheduled_Tribes" title="National Commission for Scheduled Tribes">National Commission for Scheduled Tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Caste_and_Scheduled_Tribe_(Prevention_of_Atrocities)_Act,_1989" title="Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989">Atrocities Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahujan_Samaj_Party" title="Bahujan Samaj Party">Bahujan Samaj Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit_Panther" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalit Panther">Dalit Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(India)" title="Justice Party (India)">Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranvir_Sena" title="Ranvir Sena">Ranvir Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_India" title="Republican Party of India">Republican Party of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karni_Sena" title="Karni Sena">Karni Sena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Castes" title="List of Scheduled Castes">Scheduled Castes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Tribes_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scheduled Tribes in India">Scheduled Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Other_Backward_Classes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Other Backward Classes">Other Backward Classes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_Other_Backward_Classes_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Muslim Other Backward Classes communities">Including Muslim OBC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caste Census and Surveys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Socio_Economic_and_Caste_Census" title="2011 Socio Economic and Caste Census">2011 Socio Economic and Caste Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Bihar_caste-based_survey" title="2022 Bihar caste-based survey">2022 Bihar caste-based survey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Discrimination" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination" title="Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination" title="Template talk:Discrimination"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Discrimination" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manifestations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discriminatory<br />policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus"><i>Numerus clausus</i> (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countermeasures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a 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bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_issues_in_India" title="Template:Social issues in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_issues_in_India" title="Template talk:Social issues in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_issues_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social issues in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Social_issues_in_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues in India">Social issues in India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India" title="Telecommunications in India">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famine_in_India" title="Famine in India">Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_suicides_in_India" title="Farmers' suicides in India">Farmers' suicides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_in_India" title="Labour in India">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform_in_India" title="Land reform in India">Land reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_bondage_in_India" title="Debt bondage in India">Debt bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pension_System" title="National Pension System">National Pension System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">Poverty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Below_Poverty_Line" title="Below Poverty Line">BPL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_distribution_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Public distribution system">Public distribution system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remittances_to_India" title="Remittances to India">Remittances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_slums_in_India" title="List of slums in India">Slums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance_in_India" title="Slum clearance in India">Clearance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_India" title="Standard of living in India">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_(trade)" title="Hawker (trade)">Street vendors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_India" title="Transport in India">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income_in_India" title="Universal basic income in India">Universal basic income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_India" title="Urbanization in India">Urbanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_India" title="Unemployment in India">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_India" title="Income inequality in India">Widening income gap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_India" title="Literacy in India">Literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragging#Ragging_in_India" title="Ragging">Ragging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India" title="Environmental issues in India">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_India" title="Conservation in India">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change in South Asia">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_scavenging" title="Manual scavenging">Manual scavenging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_disasters_in_India" title="Natural disasters in India">Natural disasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India" title="Water supply and sanitation in India">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Water_disputes_in_India" title="Category:Water disputes in India">Water disputes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cohabitation_in_India" title="Cohabitation in India">Cohabitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_India" title="Domestic violence in India">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowry_system_in_India" title="Dowry system in India">Dowry system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning_in_India" title="Family planning in India">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint family">Joint family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infertility" title="Infertility">Infertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">Nuclear family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyandry_in_India" title="Polyandry in India">Polyandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygyny_in_India" title="Polygyny in India">Polygyny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_India" title="Abortion in India">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_India" title="Child labour in India">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_India" title="Child marriage in India">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_prostitution" title="Child prostitution">Child prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_trafficking_in_India" title="Child trafficking in India">Child trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_foeticide_in_India" title="Female foeticide in India">Female foeticide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_infanticide_in_India" title="Female infanticide in India">Female infanticide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_India" title="Street children in India">Street children</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_India" title="Women in India">Women</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_attack" title="Acid attack">Acid attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bride_burning" title="Bride burning">Bride burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devadasi" title="Devadasi">Devadasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowry_death" title="Dowry death">Dowry death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve_teasing" title="Eve teasing">Eve teasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health_in_India" title="Women's health in India">Women's health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_India" title="Feminism in India">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_and_menstruation" title="Culture and menstruation">Menstrual taboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_India" title="Prostitution in India">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_in_India" title="Rape in India">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(practice)" title="Sati (practice)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_India" title="Gender inequality in India">Sexism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">Caste system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caste_politics" title="Caste politics">Caste politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste-related_violence_in_India" title="Caste-related violence in India">Caste-related violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">Reservation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(South_Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (South Asia)">Communalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_states_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Proposed states and union territories of India">Proposed states and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_relations_in_India" title="Ethnic relations in India">Ethnic relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_India" title="Religious violence in India">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_India" title="Secularism in India">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatist_movements_of_India" title="Separatist movements of India">Separatist movements</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_India" title="Crime in India">Crime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_India" title="Corruption in India">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groom_kidnapping" title="Groom kidnapping">Groom kidnapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_India" title="Human trafficking in India">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_housing_in_India" title="Illegal housing in India">Illegal housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_India" title="Illegal immigration to India">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_scams_in_India" title="Mining scams in India">Illegal mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organised_crime_in_India" title="Organised crime in India">Organised crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_India" title="Terrorism in India">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilantism#India" title="Vigilantism">Vigilantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_police#India" title="Internet police">Cybercrime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_India" title="Healthcare in India">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diabetes_in_India" title="Diabetes in India">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Epidemics_in_India" title="Category:Epidemics in India">Epidemics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_India" title="HIV/AIDS in India">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_in_India" title="Leprosy in India">Leprosy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malnutrition_in_India" title="Malnutrition in India">Malnutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_India" title="Obesity in India">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_India" title="Suicide in India">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis_in_India" title="Tuberculosis in India">Tuberculosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of India">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_India" title="Censorship in India">Censorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_India" title="Internet censorship in India">Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_social_issues_in_India" title="Category:Films about social issues in India">Films about social issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression_in_India" title="Freedom of expression in India">Freedom of expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_television_drama#Social_impact" title="Indian television drama">Social impact of Indian television drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news_in_India" title="Fake news in India">Fake news</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone#India" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Colourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_feudalism" title="Indian feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_India" title="Gambling in India">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in India">LGBT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_India" title="Homosexuality in India">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_India" title="Human rights in India">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_prohibition_in_India" title="Alcohol prohibition in India">Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_India" title="Superstition in India">Superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_India" title="Disability in India">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Police brutality in India">Police brutality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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