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aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hot_plug" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hot_plug"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hot plug</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hot_plug-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Advanced Host Controller Interface</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Revisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Revisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Revisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Revisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SATA_revision_1.0_(1.5_Gbit/s,_150_MB/s,_Serial_ATA-150)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_revision_1.0_(1.5_Gbit/s,_150_MB/s,_Serial_ATA-150)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>SATA revision 1.0 (1.5 Gbit/s, 150 MB/s, Serial ATA-150)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_revision_1.0_(1.5_Gbit/s,_150_MB/s,_Serial_ATA-150)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SATA_revision_2.0_(3_Gbit/s,_300_MB/s,_Serial_ATA-300)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_revision_2.0_(3_Gbit/s,_300_MB/s,_Serial_ATA-300)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>SATA revision 2.0 (3 Gbit/s, 300 MB/s, Serial ATA-300)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_revision_2.0_(3_Gbit/s,_300_MB/s,_Serial_ATA-300)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SATA_revision_2.5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_revision_2.5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>SATA revision 2.5</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_revision_2.5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SATA_revision_2.6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_revision_2.6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>SATA revision 2.6</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_revision_2.6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SATA_revision_3.0_(6_Gbit/s,_600_MB/s,_Serial_ATA-600)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_revision_3.0_(6_Gbit/s,_600_MB/s,_Serial_ATA-600)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>SATA revision 3.0 (6 Gbit/s, 600 MB/s, Serial ATA-600)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_revision_3.0_(6_Gbit/s,_600_MB/s,_Serial_ATA-600)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SATA_revision_3.1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_revision_3.1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>SATA revision 3.1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_revision_3.1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SATA_revision_3.2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_revision_3.2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>SATA revision 3.2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_revision_3.2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SATA_revision_3.3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_revision_3.3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>SATA revision 3.3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_revision_3.3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SATA_revision_3.4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_revision_3.4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>SATA revision 3.4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_revision_3.4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SATA_revision_3.5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_revision_3.5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.5</span> <span>SATA revision 3.5</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_revision_3.5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cables,_connectors,_and_ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cables,_connectors,_and_ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cables, connectors, and ports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cables,_connectors,_and_ports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cables, connectors, and ports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cables,_connectors,_and_ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Data_connector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_connector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Data connector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_connector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SATA_Power_connectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_Power_connectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>SATA Power connectors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_Power_connectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Standard_power_connector_(15_pins)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_power_connector_(15_pins)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Standard power connector (15 pins)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_power_connector_(15_pins)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slimline_power_connector_(6_pins)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slimline_power_connector_(6_pins)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Slimline power connector (6 pins)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slimline_power_connector_(6_pins)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Micro_connector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Micro_connector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Micro connector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Micro_connector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_pins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_pins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Additional pins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_pins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-eSATA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#eSATA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>eSATA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-eSATA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-eSATAp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#eSATAp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>eSATAp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-eSATAp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-standard_implementations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-standard_implementations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Pre-standard implementations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-standard_implementations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mini-SATA_(mSATA)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mini-SATA_(mSATA)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Mini-SATA (mSATA)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mini-SATA_(mSATA)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SFF-8784_connector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SFF-8784_connector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>SFF-8784 connector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SFF-8784_connector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SATA_Express" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_Express"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>SATA Express</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_Express-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-M.2_(NGFF)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M.2_(NGFF)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>M.2 (NGFF)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M.2_(NGFF)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.2_(SFF-8639)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.2_(SFF-8639)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>U.2 (SFF-8639)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.2_(SFF-8639)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Topology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Backward_and_forward_compatibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backward_and_forward_compatibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Backward and forward compatibility</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Backward_and_forward_compatibility-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Backward and forward compatibility subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Backward_and_forward_compatibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SATA_and_PATA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_and_PATA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>SATA and PATA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_and_PATA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SATA_1.5_Gbit/s_and_SATA_3_Gbit/s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_1.5_Gbit/s_and_SATA_3_Gbit/s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 3 Gbit/s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_1.5_Gbit/s_and_SATA_3_Gbit/s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SATA_3_Gbit/s_and_SATA_6_Gbit/s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_3_Gbit/s_and_SATA_6_Gbit/s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>SATA 3 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_3_Gbit/s_and_SATA_6_Gbit/s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SATA_1.5_Gbit/s_and_SATA_6_Gbit/s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_1.5_Gbit/s_and_SATA_6_Gbit/s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_1.5_Gbit/s_and_SATA_6_Gbit/s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_to_other_interfaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_to_other_interfaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Comparison to other interfaces</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Comparison_to_other_interfaces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Comparison to other interfaces subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Comparison_to_other_interfaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SATA_and_SCSI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SATA_and_SCSI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>SATA and SCSI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SATA_and_SCSI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_other_buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_other_buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Comparison with other buses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_other_buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">SATA</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="ساتا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ساتا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F" title="সিরিয়াল এটিএ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিরিয়াল এটিএ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сериен интерфейс за обмен на данни с натрупване на информацията – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сериен интерфейс за обмен на данни с натрупване на информацията" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/SATA" title="SATA – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="SATA" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/SATA" title="SATA – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="SATA" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/SATA" title="SATA – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="SATA" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="ساتا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساتا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%81%EB%A0%AC_ATA" title="직렬 ATA – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="직렬 ATA" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरियल ऐटा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सीरियल ऐटा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1" title="സാറ്റ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാറ്റ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%90" title="Сериал АТА – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сериал АТА" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%ABATA" title="シリアルATA – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シリアルATA" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESata" title="ESata – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="ESata" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/SATA" title="SATA – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="SATA" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/SATA" title="SATA – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="SATA" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%90" title="САТА – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="САТА" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SATA" title="SATA – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="SATA" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" title="Serial ATA – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Serial ATA" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%B9%D8%A7" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Computer bus interface for storage devices</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For others, see <a href="/wiki/SATA_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="SATA (disambiguation)">SATA (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">SATA</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serial-ATA-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Serial-ATA-Logo.svg/120px-Serial-ATA-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Serial-ATA-Logo.svg/180px-Serial-ATA-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Serial-ATA-Logo.svg/240px-Serial-ATA-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Year created</th><td class="infobox-data">2000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA_International_Organization" title="Serial ATA International Organization">Serial ATA Working Group</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Supersedes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">Parallel ATA</a> (PATA)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Speed</th><td class="infobox-data">Half-duplex 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 <a href="/wiki/Gbit/s" class="mw-redirect" title="Gbit/s">Gbit/s</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serial_communication" title="Serial communication">Serial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hotplugging interface</th><td class="infobox-data">Optional<sup id="cite_ref-linux-ata_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linux-ata-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">External interface</th><td class="infobox-data">Optional (<a href="#eSATA">eSATA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sata-io.org/">sata-io<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>SATA</b> (<b>Serial AT Attachment</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SATA1a_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SATA1a-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Computer_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer bus">computer bus</a> interface that connects <a href="/wiki/Host_adapter" title="Host adapter">host bus adapters</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mass_storage_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass storage device">mass storage devices</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optical_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical drive">optical drives</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state drives</a>. Serial ATA succeeded the earlier <a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">Parallel ATA</a> (PATA) standard to become the predominant interface for storage devices. </p><p>Serial ATA industry compatibility specifications originate from the <a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA_International_Organization" title="Serial ATA International Organization">Serial ATA International Organization</a> (SATA-IO) which are then released by the <a href="/wiki/INCITS" class="mw-redirect" title="INCITS">INCITS</a> Technical Committee T13, AT Attachment (INCITS T13).<sup id="cite_ref-INCITS_T13_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INCITS_T13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ST3400820AS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/ST3400820AS.jpg/220px-ST3400820AS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/ST3400820AS.jpg/330px-ST3400820AS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/ST3400820AS.jpg/440px-ST3400820AS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A 3.5-inch Serial ATA hard disk drive</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Super_Talent_2.5in_SATA_SSD_SAM64GM25S.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Super_Talent_2.5in_SATA_SSD_SAM64GM25S.jpg/220px-Super_Talent_2.5in_SATA_SSD_SAM64GM25S.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Super_Talent_2.5in_SATA_SSD_SAM64GM25S.jpg/330px-Super_Talent_2.5in_SATA_SSD_SAM64GM25S.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Super_Talent_2.5in_SATA_SSD_SAM64GM25S.jpg/440px-Super_Talent_2.5in_SATA_SSD_SAM64GM25S.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2382" data-file-height="1787" /></a><figcaption>A 2.5-inch Serial ATA solid-state drive</figcaption></figure> <p>SATA was announced in 2000<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in order to provide several advantages over the earlier PATA interface such as reduced cable size and cost (seven conductors instead of 40 or 80), native <a href="/wiki/Hot_swapping" title="Hot swapping">hot swapping</a>, faster <a href="/wiki/Data_transfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Data transfer">data transfer</a> through higher signaling rates, and more efficient transfer through an (optional) <a href="/wiki/I/O" class="mw-redirect" title="I/O">I/O</a> queuing protocol. <a href="#1.0">Revision 1.0</a> of the specification was released in January 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-SATA1a_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SATA1a-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Serial ATA industry compatibility specifications originate from the <a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA_International_Organization" title="Serial ATA International Organization">Serial ATA International Organization</a> (SATA-IO). The SATA-IO group collaboratively creates, reviews, ratifies, and publishes the interoperability specifications, the test cases and <a href="/wiki/Plugfest" class="mw-redirect" title="Plugfest">plugfests</a>. As with many other industry compatibility standards, the SATA content ownership is transferred to other industry bodies: primarily INCITS T13<sup id="cite_ref-INCITS_T13_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INCITS_T13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an INCITS <a href="/wiki/T10_subcommittee" class="mw-redirect" title="T10 subcommittee">T10 subcommittee</a> (<a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a>), a subgroup of T10 responsible for <a href="/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI">Serial Attached SCSI</a> (SAS). The remainder of this article strives to use the SATA-IO terminology and specifications. </p><p>Before SATA's introduction in 2000, PATA was simply known as ATA. The "AT Attachment" (ATA) name originated after the 1984 release of the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer/AT" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Personal Computer/AT">IBM Personal Computer AT</a>, more commonly known as the IBM AT.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IBM AT's controller interface became a de facto industry interface for the inclusion of hard disks. "AT" was IBM's abbreviation for "Advanced Technology"; thus, many companies and organizations indicate SATA is an abbreviation of "Serial Advanced Technology Attachment". However, the ATA specifications simply use the name "AT Attachment", to avoid possible trademark issues with IBM.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SATA host adapters and devices communicate via a high-speed <a href="/wiki/Serial_communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial communications">serial</a> cable over two pairs of conductors. In contrast, parallel ATA (the <a href="/wiki/Retronym" title="Retronym">redesignation</a> for the legacy ATA specifications) uses a 16-bit wide data bus with many additional support and control signals, all operating at a much lower frequency. To ensure backward compatibility with legacy ATA software and applications, SATA uses the same basic ATA and <a href="/wiki/ATA_Packet_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="ATA Packet Interface">ATAPI</a> command sets as legacy ATA devices. </p><p>The world's first SATA hard disk drive is the Seagate Barracuda SATA V, which was released in Jan 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SATA has replaced parallel ATA in consumer desktop and laptop <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computers</a>; SATA's market share in the desktop PC market was 99% in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-rev30_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev30-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PATA has mostly been replaced by SATA for any use; with PATA in declining use in industrial and embedded applications that use <a href="/wiki/CompactFlash" title="CompactFlash">CompactFlash</a> (CF) storage, which was designed around the legacy PATA standard. A 2008 standard, <a href="/wiki/CFast" class="mw-redirect" title="CFast">CFast</a>, to replace CompactFlash is based on SATA.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SATA_6_Gbit-s_controller,_in_form_of_a_PCI_Express_card.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SATA_6_Gbit-s_controller%2C_in_form_of_a_PCI_Express_card.jpg/260px-SATA_6_Gbit-s_controller%2C_in_form_of_a_PCI_Express_card.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SATA_6_Gbit-s_controller%2C_in_form_of_a_PCI_Express_card.jpg/390px-SATA_6_Gbit-s_controller%2C_in_form_of_a_PCI_Express_card.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SATA_6_Gbit-s_controller%2C_in_form_of_a_PCI_Express_card.jpg/520px-SATA_6_Gbit-s_controller%2C_in_form_of_a_PCI_Express_card.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>SATA 6 Gbit/s host controller, a PCI Express ×1 card with <a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Marvell Technology Group">Marvell</a> chipset</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hot_plug">Hot plug</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hot plug"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Serial ATA spec requires SATA devices be capable of <a href="/wiki/Hot_swapping" title="Hot swapping">hot plugging</a>; that is, devices that meet the specification are capable of insertion or removal of a device into or from a backplane connector (combined signal and power) that has power on. After insertion, the device initializes and then operates normally. Depending upon the operating system, the host may also initialize, resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Hot_swapping" title="Hot swapping">hot swap</a>. The powered host and device do not need to be in an idle state for safe insertion and removal, although unwritten data may be lost when power is removed. </p><p>Unlike PATA, both SATA and eSATA support hot plugging by design. However, this feature requires proper support at the host, device (drive), and operating-system levels. In general, SATA devices fulfill the device-side hot-plugging requirements, and most SATA <a href="/wiki/Host_adapter" title="Host adapter">host adapters</a> support this function.<sup id="cite_ref-linux-ata_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linux-ata-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For eSATA, hot plugging is supported in <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" title="Advanced Host Controller Interface">AHCI</a> mode only. IDE mode does not support hot plugging.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface">Advanced Host Controller Interface</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Advanced Host Controller Interface"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" title="Advanced Host Controller Interface">Advanced Host Controller Interface</a> (AHCI) is an open host controller interface published and used by <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, which has become a <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> standard. It allows the use of advanced features of SATA such as <a href="/wiki/Hotplug" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotplug">hotplug</a> and <a href="/wiki/Native_command_queuing" class="mw-redirect" title="Native command queuing">native command queuing</a> (NCQ). If AHCI is not enabled by the motherboard and chipset, SATA controllers typically operate in "IDE<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> emulation" mode, which does not allow access to device features not supported by the ATA (also called IDE) standard. </p><p>Windows device drivers that are labeled as SATA are often running in IDE emulation mode unless they explicitly state that they are AHCI mode, in <a href="/wiki/RAID" title="RAID">RAID</a> mode, or a mode provided by a proprietary driver and command set that allowed access to SATA's advanced features before AHCI became popular. Modern versions of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</a>, <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux</a> with version 2.6.19 onward,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a> and <a href="/wiki/OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a>, include support for AHCI, but earlier operating systems such as <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> do not. Even in those instances, a proprietary driver may have been created for a specific chipset, such as Intel's.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revisions">Revisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Revisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SATA revisions are typically designated with a dash followed by <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a>, e.g. "SATA-III",<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to avoid confusion with the speed, which is always displayed in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_numerals" title="Arabic numerals">Arabic numerals</a>, e.g. "SATA 6 <a href="/wiki/Gigabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigabit">Gbit</a>/<a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">s</a>". The speeds given are the <i><a href="/wiki/Data_signaling_rate" title="Data signaling rate">raw interface rate</a></i> in Gbit/s including <a href="/wiki/Line_code" title="Line code">line code</a> overhead, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Goodput" title="Goodput">usable data rate</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">MB</a>/s without overhead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SATA_revision_1.0_(1.5_Gbit/s,_150_MB/s,_Serial_ATA-150)"><span id="SATA_revision_1.0_.281.5_Gbit.2Fs.2C_150_MB.2Fs.2C_Serial_ATA-150.29"></span>SATA revision 1.0 (1.5 Gbit/s, 150 MB/s, Serial ATA-150) <span class="anchor" id="1.0"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: SATA revision 1.0 (1.5 Gbit/s, 150 MB/s, Serial ATA-150)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Revision 1.0a<sup id="cite_ref-SATA1a_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SATA1a-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was released on January 7, 2003. First-generation SATA interfaces, now known as SATA 1.5 Gbit/s, communicate at a rate of 1.5 Gbit/s, and do not support <a href="/wiki/Native_Command_Queuing" title="Native Command Queuing">Native Command Queuing</a> (NCQ). Taking <a href="/wiki/8b/10b_encoding" title="8b/10b encoding">8b/10b encoding</a> overhead into account, they have an actual <a href="/wiki/Uncoded_transfer_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncoded transfer rate">uncoded transfer rate</a> of 1.2 Gbit/s (150 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of SATA 1.5 Gbit/s is similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">PATA</a>/133, but newer SATA devices offer enhancements such as NCQ, which improve performance in a multitasking environment. </p><p>During the initial period after SATA 1.5 Gbit/s finalization, adapter and drive manufacturers used a "bridge chip" to convert existing PATA designs for use with the SATA interface. Bridged drives have a SATA connector, may include either or both kinds of power connectors, and, in general, perform identically to their native-SATA equivalents.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of April 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the fastest 10,000 rpm SATA <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drives</a> could transfer data at maximum (not average) rates of up to 157 MB/s,<sup id="cite_ref-Tom2010HardDrives_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tom2010HardDrives-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is beyond the capabilities of the older PATA/133 specification and also exceeds the capabilities of SATA 1.5 Gbit/s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SATA_revision_2.0_(3_Gbit/s,_300_MB/s,_Serial_ATA-300)"><span id="SATA_revision_2.0_.283_Gbit.2Fs.2C_300_MB.2Fs.2C_Serial_ATA-300.29"></span>SATA revision 2.0 (3 Gbit/s, 300 MB/s, Serial ATA-300) <span class="anchor" id="2.0"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: SATA revision 2.0 (3 Gbit/s, 300 MB/s, Serial ATA-300)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SATA2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SATA2.jpg/220px-SATA2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SATA2.jpg/330px-SATA2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SATA2.jpg/440px-SATA2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2881" data-file-height="2129" /></a><figcaption>SATA 2 connectors on a computer motherboard, all but two with cables plugged in. Note that there is no visible difference, other than the labeling, between SATA 1, SATA 2, and SATA 3 cables and connectors.</figcaption></figure> <p>SATA revision 2.0 was released in April 2004, introducing Native Command Queuing (NCQ). It is <a href="/wiki/Backward_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="Backward compatible">backward compatible</a> with SATA 1.5 Gbit/s.<sup id="cite_ref-SATA-IO_website_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SATA-IO_website-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Second-generation SATA interfaces run with a native transfer rate of 3.0 Gbit/s that, when accounted for the <a href="/wiki/8b/10b_encoding" title="8b/10b encoding">8b/10b encoding</a> scheme, equals to the maximum uncoded transfer rate of 2.4 Gbit/s (300 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of the SATA revision 2.0, which is also known as the SATA 3 Gbit/s, doubles the throughput of SATA revision 1.0. </p><p>All SATA data cables meeting the SATA spec are rated for 3.0 Gbit/s and handle modern mechanical drives without any loss of sustained and burst data transfer performance. However, high-performance flash-based drives can exceed the SATA 3 Gbit/s transfer rate; this is addressed with the SATA 6 Gbit/s interoperability standard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SATA_revision_2.5">SATA revision 2.5 <span class="anchor" id="2.5"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: SATA revision 2.5"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Announced in August 2005, SATA revision 2.5 consolidated the specification to a single document.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SATA_revision_2.6">SATA revision 2.6 <span class="anchor" id="2.6"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: SATA revision 2.6"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Announced in February 2007, SATA revision 2.6 introduced the following features:<sup id="cite_ref-sata26_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sata26-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Slimline connector</li> <li><a href="#Micro_connector">Micro connector (initially for 1.8” HDD)</a></li> <li>Mini Internal Multilane cable and connector</li> <li>Mini External Multilane cable and connector</li> <li>NCQ Priority</li> <li>NCQ Unload</li> <li>Enhancements to the BIST Activate FIS</li> <li>Enhancements for robust reception of the Signature FIS</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SATA_revision_3.0_(6_Gbit/s,_600_MB/s,_Serial_ATA-600)"><span id="SATA_revision_3.0_.286_Gbit.2Fs.2C_600_MB.2Fs.2C_Serial_ATA-600.29"></span>SATA revision 3.0 (6 Gbit/s, 600 MB/s, Serial ATA-600) <span class="anchor" id="3.0"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: SATA revision 3.0 (6 Gbit/s, 600 MB/s, Serial ATA-600)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA_International_Organization" title="Serial ATA International Organization">Serial ATA International Organization</a> (SATA-IO) presented the draft specification of SATA 6 Gbit/s physical layer in July 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-SATA-600_announce_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SATA-600_announce-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ratified its physical layer specification on August 18, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The full 3.0 standard was released on May 27, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Third-generation SATA interfaces run with a native transfer rate of 6.0 Gbit/s; taking <a href="/wiki/8b/10b_encoding" title="8b/10b encoding">8b/10b encoding</a> into account, the maximum uncoded transfer rate is 4.8 Gbit/s (600 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of SATA 6.0 Gbit/s is double that of SATA revision 2.0. It is backward compatible with earlier SATA implementations.<sup id="cite_ref-SATA-600_announce_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SATA-600_announce-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SATA 3.0 specification contains the following changes: </p> <ul><li>6 Gbit/s for scalable performance.</li> <li>Continued compatibility with SAS, including SAS 6 Gbit/s, as per "a SAS domain may support attachment to and control of unmodified SATA devices connected directly into the SAS domain using the Serial ATA Tunneled Protocol (STP)" from the SATA Revision 3.0 Gold specification.</li> <li>Isochronous <a href="/wiki/Native_Command_Queuing" title="Native Command Queuing">Native Command Queuing</a> (NCQ) streaming command to enable <a href="/wiki/Isochronous_signal" title="Isochronous signal">isochronous</a> quality of service data transfers for streaming digital content applications.</li> <li>An NCQ management feature that helps optimize performance by enabling host processing and management of outstanding NCQ commands.</li> <li>Improved power management capabilities.</li> <li>A small <a href="/wiki/Low_insertion_force" title="Low insertion force">low insertion force</a> (LIF) connector for more compact 1.8-inch storage devices.</li> <li>A 7 mm optical disk drive profile for the slimline SATA connector (in addition to the existing 12.7 mm and 9.5 mm profiles).</li> <li>Alignment with the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_for_Information_Technology_Standards" title="International Committee for Information Technology Standards">INCITS</a> ATA8-ACS standard.</li></ul> <p>In general, the enhancements are aimed at improving quality of service for <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">video streaming</a> and high-priority interrupts. In addition, the standard continues to support distances up to one meter. The newer speeds may require higher power consumption for supporting chips, though improved process technologies and power management techniques may mitigate this. The later specification can use existing SATA cables and connectors, though it was reported in 2008 that some <a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">OEMs</a> were expected to upgrade host connectors for the higher speeds.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SATA_revision_3.1">SATA revision 3.1 <span class="anchor" id="3.1"></span><span class="anchor" id="USM"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: SATA revision 3.1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Released in July 2011, SATA revision 3.1 introduced or changed the following features:<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>mSATA</i>, for solid-state drives in mobile computing devices, a <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express_Mini_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="PCI Express Mini Card">PCI Express Mini Card</a>-like connector that is electrically SATA.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The connector was also used in some desktop computers, such as certain <a href="/wiki/HP_business_desktops" class="mw-redirect" title="HP business desktops">HP business PCs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Zero-power optical disk drive, a SATA optical drive that draws no power when idle.</li> <li>Queued <a href="/wiki/Trim_(computing)" title="Trim (computing)">TRIM</a> Command, improves solid-state drive performance.</li> <li>Required Link Power Management, reduces overall system power demand of several SATA devices.</li> <li>Hardware Control Features, enable host identification of device capabilities.</li> <li><i>Universal Storage Module</i> (USM), a new standard for cableless plug-in (slot) powered storage for <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</a> devices.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SATA_revision_3.2">SATA revision 3.2 <span class="anchor" id="3.2"></span><span class="anchor" id="USM-SLIM"></span><span class="anchor" id="MICRO-SSD"></span><span class="anchor" id="HYB-INFO"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: SATA revision 3.2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Released in August 2013, SATA revision 3.2 introduced the following features:<sup id="cite_ref-sata-3.2-announcement_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sata-3.2-announcement-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/SATA_Express" title="SATA Express">SATA Express</a> specification defines an interface that combines both SATA and <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> buses, making it possible for both types of storage devices to coexist. By employing PCI Express, a much higher theoretical throughput of 1969 MB/s is possible.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/M.2" title="M.2">SATA M.2</a> standard is a small form factor implementation of the SATA Express interface, with the addition of an internal <a href="/wiki/USB_3.0" title="USB 3.0">USB 3.0</a> port; see the <a href="#M.2">M.2 (NGFF)</a> section below for a more detailed summary.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>microSSD</i> introduces a <a href="/wiki/Ball_grid_array" title="Ball grid array">ball grid array</a> electrical interface for miniaturized, embedded SATA storage.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>USM Slim</i> reduces thickness of Universal Storage Module (USM) from 14.5 millimeters (0.57 inches) to 9 millimeters (0.35 inches).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DevSleep" class="mw-redirect" title="DevSleep">DevSleep</a> enables lower power consumption for always-on devices while they are in low-power modes such as <a href="/wiki/InstantGo" title="InstantGo">InstantGo</a> (which used to be known as Connected Standby).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Hybrid Information</i> provides higher performance for <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_hybrid_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid-state hybrid drive">solid-state hybrid drives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SATA_revision_3.3">SATA revision 3.3 <span class="anchor" id="3.3"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: SATA revision 3.3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Released in February 2016, SATA revision 3.3 introduced the following features:<sup id="cite_ref-sata-3.3-announcement_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sata-3.3-announcement-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sata-io-faq_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sata-io-faq-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shingled_magnetic_recording" title="Shingled magnetic recording">Shingled magnetic recording</a> (SMR) host-control support (device-controlled SMR HDDs are the same as standard CMR HDDs with respect to SATA compatibility). SMR provides a 25 percent or greater increase in hard disk drive capacity by overlapping tracks on the media.</li> <li>Optional <i>Zoned ATA Command Set</i> (ZAC) feature.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Power Disable</i> feature (see PWDIS pin) allows for remote power cycling of SATA drives and a Rebuild Assist function that speeds up the rebuild process to help ease maintenance in the data center.</li> <li>Transmitter Emphasis Specification increases interoperability and reliability between host and devices in electrically demanding environments.</li> <li>An activity indicator and staggered spin-up can be controlled by the same pin, adding flexibility and providing users with more choices.</li></ul> <p>The new Power Disable feature (similar to the SAS Power Disable feature) uses Pin 3 of the SATA power connector. Some legacy power supplies that provide 3.3 V power on Pin 3 would force drives with Power Disable feature to get stuck in a hard reset condition preventing them from spinning up. The problem can usually be eliminated by using a simple “<a href="/wiki/Molex_connector" title="Molex connector">Molex</a> to SATA” power adaptor to supply power to these drives.<sup id="cite_ref-power-disable_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-power-disable-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SATA_revision_3.4">SATA revision 3.4 <span class="anchor" id="3.4"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: SATA revision 3.4"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Released in June 2018, SATA revision 3.4 introduced the following features that enable monitoring of device conditions and execution of housekeeping tasks, both with minimal impact on performance:<sup id="cite_ref-sata-3.4-announcement_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sata-3.4-announcement-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Durable/Ordered Write Notification: enables writing selected critical cache data to the media, minimizing impact on normal operations.</li> <li>Device Temperature Monitoring: allows for active monitoring of SATA device temperature and other conditions without impacting normal operation by utilizing the SFF-8609 standard for out-of-band (OOB) communications.</li> <li>Device Sleep Signal Timing: provides additional definition to enhance compatibility between manufacturers’ implementations.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SATA_revision_3.5">SATA revision 3.5 <span class="anchor" id="3.5"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: SATA revision 3.5"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Released in July 2020, SATA revision 3.5 introduces features that enable increased performance benefits and promote greater integration of SATA devices and products with other industry I/O standards:<sup id="cite_ref-sata-3.5-announcement_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sata-3.5-announcement-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Device Transmit Emphasis for Gen 3 PHY: aligns SATA with other characteristics of other I/O measurement solutions to help SATA-IO members with testing and integration.</li> <li>Defined Ordered NCQ Commands: allows the host to specify the processing relationships among queued commands and sets the order in which commands are processed in the queue.</li> <li>Command Duration Limit Features: reduces latency by allowing the host to define quality of service categories, giving the host more granularity in controlling command properties. The feature helps align SATA with the "Fast Fail" requirements established by the Open Compute Project (OCP) and specified in the INCITS T13 Technical Committee standard.</li></ul> <p>SATA revision <b>3.5a</b> was released in March 2021. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cables,_connectors,_and_ports"><span id="Cables.2C_connectors.2C_and_ports"></span>Cables, connectors, and ports <span class="anchor" id="CONNECTORS"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cables, connectors, and ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2.5-inch_SATA_drive_on_top_of_a_3.5-inch_SATA_drive,_close-up_of_data_and_power_connectors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/2.5-inch_SATA_drive_on_top_of_a_3.5-inch_SATA_drive%2C_close-up_of_data_and_power_connectors.jpg/260px-2.5-inch_SATA_drive_on_top_of_a_3.5-inch_SATA_drive%2C_close-up_of_data_and_power_connectors.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/2.5-inch_SATA_drive_on_top_of_a_3.5-inch_SATA_drive%2C_close-up_of_data_and_power_connectors.jpg/390px-2.5-inch_SATA_drive_on_top_of_a_3.5-inch_SATA_drive%2C_close-up_of_data_and_power_connectors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/2.5-inch_SATA_drive_on_top_of_a_3.5-inch_SATA_drive%2C_close-up_of_data_and_power_connectors.jpg/520px-2.5-inch_SATA_drive_on_top_of_a_3.5-inch_SATA_drive%2C_close-up_of_data_and_power_connectors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>2.5-inch SATA drive on top of a 3.5-inch SATA drive, close-up of data and power connectors. Also visible are <a href="#Additional_pins">8 jumper pins</a> on the 3.5-inch drive.</figcaption></figure> <p>Connectors and cables present the most visible differences between SATA and parallel ATA drives. Unlike PATA, the same connectors are used on 3.5-inch SATA hard disks (for desktop and server computers) and 2.5-inch disks (for portable or small computers).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Standard SATA connectors for both data and power have a conductor pitch of 1.27 mm (0.050 inches). Low insertion force is required to mate a SATA connector. A smaller mini-SATA or mSATA connector is used by smaller devices such as 1.8-inch SATA drives, some DVD and Blu-ray drives, and mini SSDs.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A special eSATA connector is specified for external devices, and an optionally implemented provision for clips to hold internal connectors firmly in place. SATA drives may be plugged into <a href="/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI">SAS</a> controllers and communicate on the same physical cable as native SAS disks, but SATA controllers cannot handle SAS disks. </p><p>Female SATA ports (on motherboards for example) are for use with SATA data cables that have locks or clips to prevent accidental unplugging. Some SATA cables have right- or left-angled connectors to ease connection to circuit boards. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_connector">Data connector <span class="anchor" id="DATACONN"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Data connector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/SATA_Express#CONNECTORS" title="SATA Express">SATA Express connectors</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-right:0; margin-top:0;"> <caption>Standard connector, data segment, host side signal naming </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Pin #</th> <th>Mating</th> <th>Function </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:black;"> </td> <td>1 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">1st </td> <td>Ground </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background:blue;"> </td> <td>2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2nd </td> <td>A+ (transmit) </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2nd </td> <td>A− (transmit) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:black;"> </td> <td>4 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">1st </td> <td>Ground </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background:blue;"> </td> <td>5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2nd </td> <td>B− (receive) </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2nd </td> <td>B+ (receive) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:black;"> </td> <td>7 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">1st </td> <td>Ground </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"> —</td> <td>Coding notch </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The SATA standard defines a data cable with seven conductors (three grounds and four active data lines in two pairs) and 8 mm wide wafer connectors on each end. SATA cables can have lengths up to 1 meter (3.3 ft), and connect one motherboard socket to one hard drive. PATA <a href="/wiki/Ribbon_cable" title="Ribbon cable">ribbon cables</a>, in comparison, connect one motherboard socket to one or two hard drives, carry either 40 or 80 wires, and are limited to 45 centimeters (18 in) in length by the PATA specification; however, cables up to 90 centimeters (35 in) are readily available. Thus, SATA connectors and cables are easier to fit in closed spaces and reduce obstructions to <a href="/wiki/Air_cooling" title="Air cooling">air cooling</a>. Some cables even include a locking feature, whereby a small (usually metal) spring holds the plug in the socket. </p><p>SATA connectors may be straight, upward-angled, downward-angled, leftward-angled, or rightward-angled. Angled connectors allow lower-profile connections. Downward-angled connectors lead the cable immediately away from the drive, on the circuit-board side. Upward-angled connectors lead the cable across the drive towards its top. </p><p>One of the problems associated with the transmission of data at high speed over electrical connections is described as <i>noise</i>, which is due to electrical coupling between data circuits and other circuits. As a result, the data circuits can both affect other circuits and be affected by them. Designers use a number of techniques to reduce the undesirable effects of such unintentional coupling. One such technique used in SATA links is <a href="/wiki/Differential_signaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Differential signaling">differential signaling</a>. This is an enhancement over PATA, which uses <a href="/wiki/Single-ended_signaling" title="Single-ended signaling">single-ended signaling</a>. The use of fully shielded, dual <a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cabling" class="mw-redirect" title="Coaxial cabling">coax</a> conductors, with multiple ground connections, for each differential pair<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> improves isolation between the channels and reduces the chances of lost data in difficult electrical environments. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SATA_Data_Cable.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A seven-pin SATA data cable (upward-angled version of the connector)"><img alt="A seven-pin SATA data cable (upward-angled version of the connector)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/SATA_Data_Cable.jpg/137px-SATA_Data_Cable.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/SATA_Data_Cable.jpg/206px-SATA_Data_Cable.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/SATA_Data_Cable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A seven-pin SATA data cable (upward-angled version of the connector)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2.5-inch_SATA_drive_on_top_of_a_3.5-inch_SATA_drive,_close-up_of_data_and_power_connectors.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="SATA connectors on 2.5 and 3.5-inch hard drives, with data pins on the left and power pins on the right. The two different pin lengths ensure a specific mating order; the longer lengths are ground pins and make contact first. (The cable side has similar variations to achieve three levels of mating order.)"><img alt="SATA connectors on 2.5 and 3.5-inch hard drives, with data pins on the left and power pins on the right. The two different pin lengths ensure a specific mating order; the longer lengths are ground pins and make contact first. (The cable side has similar variations to achieve three levels of mating order.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/2.5-inch_SATA_drive_on_top_of_a_3.5-inch_SATA_drive%2C_close-up_of_data_and_power_connectors.jpg/250px-2.5-inch_SATA_drive_on_top_of_a_3.5-inch_SATA_drive%2C_close-up_of_data_and_power_connectors.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/2.5-inch_SATA_drive_on_top_of_a_3.5-inch_SATA_drive%2C_close-up_of_data_and_power_connectors.jpg/375px-2.5-inch_SATA_drive_on_top_of_a_3.5-inch_SATA_drive%2C_close-up_of_data_and_power_connectors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/2.5-inch_SATA_drive_on_top_of_a_3.5-inch_SATA_drive%2C_close-up_of_data_and_power_connectors.jpg/500px-2.5-inch_SATA_drive_on_top_of_a_3.5-inch_SATA_drive%2C_close-up_of_data_and_power_connectors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="570" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">SATA connectors on 2.5 and 3.5-inch hard drives, with data pins on the left and power pins on the right. The two different pin lengths ensure a specific mating order; the longer lengths are ground pins and make contact first. (The cable side has similar variations to achieve three levels of mating order.)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SATA3-TwinAxCable.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="SATA cable showing the two foil shielded differential pairs"><img alt="SATA cable showing the two foil shielded differential pairs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SATA3-TwinAxCable.jpg/205px-SATA3-TwinAxCable.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SATA3-TwinAxCable.jpg/308px-SATA3-TwinAxCable.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SATA3-TwinAxCable.jpg/410px-SATA3-TwinAxCable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">SATA cable showing the two foil shielded differential pairs</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SATA_Power_connectors">SATA Power connectors <span class="anchor" id="SATA_power"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: SATA Power connectors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Standard_power_connector_(15_pins)"><span id="Standard_power_connector_.2815_pins.29"></span>Standard power connector (15 pins)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Standard power connector (15 pins)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-right:0; margin-top:0;"> <caption>Standard connector, power segment </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Pin #</th> <th>Mating</th> <th>Function </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"> —</td> <td>Coding notch </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background:orange;"> </td> <td>1 </td> <td align="right">3rd </td> <td rowspan="2">3.3 V power </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td align="right">3rd </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td align="center">2nd </td> <td>Enter/exit Power Disable (PWDIS) mode<br />(3.3 V power, pre-charge prior to SATA 3.3) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background:black;"> </td> <td>4 </td> <td align="left">1st </td> <td rowspan="3">Ground </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td align="center">2nd </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td align="center">2nd </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background:red;"> </td> <td>7 </td> <td align="center">2nd </td> <td>5 V power, pre-charge </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td align="right">3rd </td> <td rowspan="2">5 V power </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td align="right">3rd </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:black;"> </td> <td>10 </td> <td align="center">2nd </td> <td>Ground </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:gray;"> </td> <td>11 </td> <td align="right">3rd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Staggered_spinup" class="mw-redirect" title="Staggered spinup">Staggered spinup</a> / activity signal /<br /> direct head unload / vendor specific </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:black;"> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>1st </td> <td>Ground </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background:yellow;"> </td> <td>13 </td> <td align="center">2nd </td> <td>12 V power, pre-charge </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td align="right">3rd </td> <td rowspan="2">12 V power </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td align="right">3rd </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SATA_power_cable.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/SATA_power_cable.jpg/200px-SATA_power_cable.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/SATA_power_cable.jpg/300px-SATA_power_cable.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/SATA_power_cable.jpg/400px-SATA_power_cable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>A fifteen-pin SATA power connector (This particular connector is missing the orange 3.3 V wire.)</figcaption></figure> <p>SATA specifies a different <a href="/wiki/DC_connector" title="DC connector">power connector</a> than the four-pin <a href="/wiki/Molex_connector" title="Molex connector">Molex connector</a> used on <a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">Parallel ATA</a> (PATA) devices (and earlier small storage devices, going back to <a href="/wiki/ST-506" class="mw-redirect" title="ST-506">ST-506</a> hard disk drives and even to floppy disk drives that predated the IBM PC). It is a wafer-type connector, like the SATA data connector, but much wider (fifteen pins versus seven) to avoid confusion between the two. Some early SATA drives included the four-pin Molex power connector together with the new fifteen-pin connector, but most SATA drives now have only the latter. </p><p>The new SATA power connector contains many more pins for several reasons:<sup id="cite_ref-allpinouts-sata_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allpinouts-sata-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>3.3 V is supplied along with the traditional 5 V and 12 V supplies. However, very few drives actually use it.</li> <li>Pin 3 in SATA revision 3.3 has been redefined as PWDIS and is used to enter and exit the POWER DISABLE mode in line with SAS-3.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If Pin 3 is driven HIGH (2.1–3.6 V max), power to the drive circuitry is cut. Drives with this feature enabled do not power up in systems designed to SATA revision 3.1 or earlier, because Pin 3 driven HIGH prevents the drive from powering up.<sup id="cite_ref-power-disable_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-power-disable-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Workarounds include using a Molex adapter without 3.3 V or putting insulating tape over the PWDIS pin.</li> <li>To reduce resistance and increase current capability, each voltage is supplied by three pins in parallel, though one pin in each group is intended for precharging (see below). Each pin should be able to carry 1.5 A.</li> <li>Five parallel pins provide a low-resistance ground connection.</li> <li>Two ground pins and one pin for each supplied <a href="/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage">voltage</a> support <a href="/wiki/Hot_swapping" title="Hot swapping">hot-plug</a> precharging. Ground pins 4 and 12 in a hot-swap cable are the longest, so they make contact first when the connectors are mated. Drive power connector pins 3, 7, and 13 are longer than the others, so they make contact next. The drive uses them to charge its internal bypass capacitors through current-limiting resistances. Finally, the remaining power pins make contact, bypassing the resistances and providing a low-resistance source of each voltage. This two-step mating process avoids glitches to other loads and possible arcing or erosion of the SATA power-connector contacts.</li> <li>Pin 11 might be used (often by chassis or backplane hardware independent from SATA host controller and its data connection) for <a href="/wiki/Staggered_spinup" class="mw-redirect" title="Staggered spinup">staggered spinup</a>, activity indication, emergency head parking, or other vendor defined functions in various combinations. It is an <a href="/wiki/Open-collector" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-collector">open-collector</a> signal, which may be pulled down by the connector or the drive. <ul><li>Host signaling: If pulled down at the connector (as it is on most cable-style SATA power connectors), the drive spins up as soon as power is applied. If left floating, the drive waits until it is spoken to. This prevents many drives from spinning up simultaneously, which might draw too much power.</li> <li>Drive signaling: The pin is also pulled low by the drive to indicate drive activity. This may be used to give feedback to the user through an <a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LED</a>. Relevant definitions of pin operation have changed multiple times in published revisions of SATA standard, so the observed behavior may be dependent on device version, host version, firmware and software configuration.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a specification for transmission of drive temperature and other status values with activity signal pulses routinely used to make LED blink.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Passive adapters are available that convert a four-pin <a href="/wiki/Molex_connector" title="Molex connector">Molex connector</a> to a SATA power connector, providing the 5 V and 12 V lines available on the Molex connector, but not 3.3 V. There are also four-pin Molex-to-SATA power adapters that include electronics to additionally provide the 3.3 V power supply.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, most drives do not require the 3.3 V power line.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Just like SATA data connectors, SATA power connectors may be straight, upward-angled, or downward-angled. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Slimline_power_connector_(6_pins)"><span id="Slimline_power_connector_.286_pins.29"></span>Slimline power connector (6 pins)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Slimline power connector (6 pins)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-right:0; margin-top:0;"> <caption>Slimline connector, power segment </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Pin #</th> <th>Mating</th> <th>Function </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"> — </td> <td>Coding notch </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:gray;"> </td> <td>1 </td> <td align="right">3rd </td> <td>Device presence </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:red;"> </td> <td>2 </td> <td align="center">2nd </td> <td rowspan="2">5 V power </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:red;"> </td> <td>3 </td> <td align="center">2nd </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:gray;"> </td> <td>4 </td> <td align="center">2nd </td> <td>Manufacturing diagnostic </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:black;"> </td> <td>5 </td> <td align="left">1st </td> <td rowspan="2">Ground </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:black;"> </td> <td>6 </td> <td align="left">1st </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SATA_Slimline_Powercable.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A six-pin slimline SATA power connector"><img alt="A six-pin slimline SATA power connector" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/SATA_Slimline_Powercable.jpg/159px-SATA_Slimline_Powercable.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/SATA_Slimline_Powercable.jpg/238px-SATA_Slimline_Powercable.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/SATA_Slimline_Powercable.jpg/317px-SATA_Slimline_Powercable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1102" data-file-height="835" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A six-pin slimline SATA <b>power</b> connector</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SATA_connector_Slimline_CD-ROM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The back of a SATA-based slimline optical drive"><img alt="The back of a SATA-based slimline optical drive" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SATA_connector_Slimline_CD-ROM.jpg/200px-SATA_connector_Slimline_CD-ROM.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SATA_connector_Slimline_CD-ROM.jpg/300px-SATA_connector_Slimline_CD-ROM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SATA_connector_Slimline_CD-ROM.jpg/400px-SATA_connector_Slimline_CD-ROM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="327" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The back of a SATA-based slimline optical drive</div> </li> </ul><p>The power connector is reduced to six pins so it supplies only +5 V (red wire), and not +12 V or +3.3 V.<sup id="cite_ref-sata26_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sata26-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pin 1 of the slimline power connector, denoting device presence, is shorter than the others to allow hot-swapping. </p><p>Note: The <b>data</b> connector used is the same as the non-slimline version. </p><p>Low-cost adapters exist to convert from standard SATA to slimline SATA. </p><p>SATA 2.6 is the first revision that defined the <b>slimline</b> power connector targeted for smaller form-factors drives, such as laptop <a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_drive" title="Optical disc drive">optical drives</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Micro_connector">Micro connector</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Micro connector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-right:0; margin-top:0;"> <caption>Micro connector, power segment </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Pin #</th> <th>Mating</th> <th>Function </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:orange;"> </td> <td>1 </td> <td align="right">3rd </td> <td rowspan="2">3.3 V power </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:orange;"> </td> <td>2 </td> <td align="center">2nd </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:black;"> </td> <td>3 </td> <td align="left">1st </td> <td rowspan="2">Ground </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:black;"> </td> <td>4 </td> <td align="left">1st </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:red;"> </td> <td>5 </td> <td align="center">2nd </td> <td rowspan="2">5 V power </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:red;"> </td> <td>6 </td> <td align="right">3rd </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:gray;"> </td> <td>7 </td> <td align="right">3rd </td> <td>Reserved </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"> — </td> <td>Coding notch </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:gray;"> </td> <td>8 </td> <td align="right">3rd </td> <td rowspan="2">Vendor specific </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:gray;"> </td> <td>9 </td> <td align="center">2nd </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Micro_SATA_pin-out_on_Toshiba_MK1216GSG_20131114.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A 1.8-inch micro SATA hard drive with numbered data and power pins on the connector"><img alt="A 1.8-inch micro SATA hard drive with numbered data and power pins on the connector" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Micro_SATA_pin-out_on_Toshiba_MK1216GSG_20131114.png/120px-Micro_SATA_pin-out_on_Toshiba_MK1216GSG_20131114.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Micro_SATA_pin-out_on_Toshiba_MK1216GSG_20131114.png/180px-Micro_SATA_pin-out_on_Toshiba_MK1216GSG_20131114.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Micro_SATA_pin-out_on_Toshiba_MK1216GSG_20131114.png/240px-Micro_SATA_pin-out_on_Toshiba_MK1216GSG_20131114.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A 1.8-inch micro SATA hard drive with numbered data and power pins on the connector</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2008_Intel_Developer_Forum_Taipei_Showcae_Samsung_muSATA_128GB_SSD.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samsung 128 GB micro SATA solid-state drive"><img alt="Samsung 128 GB micro SATA solid-state drive" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/2008_Intel_Developer_Forum_Taipei_Showcae_Samsung_muSATA_128GB_SSD.jpg/160px-2008_Intel_Developer_Forum_Taipei_Showcae_Samsung_muSATA_128GB_SSD.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/2008_Intel_Developer_Forum_Taipei_Showcae_Samsung_muSATA_128GB_SSD.jpg/240px-2008_Intel_Developer_Forum_Taipei_Showcae_Samsung_muSATA_128GB_SSD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/2008_Intel_Developer_Forum_Taipei_Showcae_Samsung_muSATA_128GB_SSD.jpg/320px-2008_Intel_Developer_Forum_Taipei_Showcae_Samsung_muSATA_128GB_SSD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1912" data-file-height="1433" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> 128 GB micro SATA <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state drive</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>The micro SATA connector (sometimes called uSATA or μSATA<sup id="cite_ref-amazon-msata_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amazon-msata-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) originated with SATA 2.6, and is intended for 1.8-inch hard disk drives. There is also a micro data connector, similar in appearance but slightly thinner than the standard data connector. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_pins">Additional pins <span class="anchor" id="EXTRAPINS"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Additional pins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some SATA drives, in particular mechanical ones, come with an extra 4 or more pin interface which isn't uniformly standardized but nevertheless serves similar purpose defined by each drive manufacturer. As IDE drives used those extra pins for setting up Master and Slave drives, on SATA drives, those pins are generally used to select different Power modes for use in USB-SATA bridges or enables additional features like Spread Spectrum Clocking, SATA Speed Limit or Factory Mode for Diagnostics and Recovery, by the use of a jumper.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="eSATA">eSATA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: eSATA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/SATAe" class="mw-redirect" title="SATAe">SATAe</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ESATA_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/09/ESATA_Logo.svg/170px-ESATA_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/09/ESATA_Logo.svg/255px-ESATA_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/09/ESATA_Logo.svg/340px-ESATA_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="125" /></a><figcaption>The official eSATA logo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SATA2_und_eSATA-Stecker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/SATA2_und_eSATA-Stecker.jpg/170px-SATA2_und_eSATA-Stecker.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/SATA2_und_eSATA-Stecker.jpg/255px-SATA2_und_eSATA-Stecker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/SATA2_und_eSATA-Stecker.jpg/340px-SATA2_und_eSATA-Stecker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="974" /></a><figcaption>SATA (left) and eSATA (right) connectors</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Connector_esata_IMGP6050_wp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Connector_esata_IMGP6050_wp.jpg/170px-Connector_esata_IMGP6050_wp.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Connector_esata_IMGP6050_wp.jpg/255px-Connector_esata_IMGP6050_wp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Connector_esata_IMGP6050_wp.jpg/340px-Connector_esata_IMGP6050_wp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1797" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#eSATA">eSATA</a> ports</figcaption></figure> <p>Standardized in 2004, eSATA (<i>e</i> standing for external) provides a variant of SATA meant for external connectivity. It uses a more robust connector, longer shielded cables, and stricter (but backward-compatible) electrical standards. The protocol and logical signaling (link/transport layers and above) are identical to internal SATA. The differences are: </p> <ul><li>Minimum transmit amplitude increased: Range is 500–600 mV instead of 400–600 mV.</li> <li>Minimum receive amplitude decreased: Range is 240–600 mV instead of 325–600 mV.</li> <li>Maximum cable length increased to 2 meters (6.6 ft) from 1 meter (3.3 ft).</li> <li>The eSATA cable and connector is similar to the SATA 1.0a cable and connector, with these exceptions: <ul><li>The eSATA connector is mechanically different to prevent unshielded internal cables from being used externally. The eSATA connector discards the L-shaped key and changes the position and size of the guides.</li> <li>The eSATA insertion depth is deeper: 6.6 mm instead of 5 mm. The contact positions are also changed.</li> <li>The eSATA cable has an extra shield to reduce <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_interference" title="Electromagnetic interference">EMI</a> to FCC and CE requirements. Internal cables do not need the extra shield to satisfy EMI requirements because they are inside a shielded case.</li> <li>The eSATA connector uses metal springs for shield contact and mechanical retention.</li> <li>The eSATA connector has a design-life of 5,000 matings; the ordinary SATA connector is only specified for 50.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Aimed at the consumer market, eSATA enters an external storage market served also by the USB and FireWire interfaces. The SATA interface has certain advantages. Most external hard-disk-drive cases with FireWire or USB interfaces use either PATA or SATA drives and "bridges" to translate between the drives' interfaces and the enclosures' external ports; this bridging incurs some inefficiency. Some single disks can transfer 157 MB/s during real use,<sup id="cite_ref-Tom2010HardDrives_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tom2010HardDrives-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about four times the maximum transfer rate of USB 2.0 or <a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394a" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 1394a">FireWire 400 (IEEE 1394a)</a> and almost twice as fast as the maximum transfer rate of FireWire 800. The S3200 <a href="/wiki/FireWire" class="mw-redirect" title="FireWire">FireWire</a> 1394b specification reaches around 400 MB/s (3.2 Gbit/s), and <a href="/wiki/USB_3.0" title="USB 3.0">USB 3.0</a> has a nominal speed of 5 Gbit/s. Some low-level drive features, such as <a href="/wiki/Self-Monitoring,_Analysis_and_Reporting_Technology" title="Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology">S.M.A.R.T.</a>, may not operate through some USB<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or FireWire or USB+FireWire bridges; eSATA does not suffer from these issues provided that the controller manufacturer (and its drivers) presents eSATA drives as ATA devices, rather than as <a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> devices, as has been common with <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Image" title="Silicon Image">Silicon Image</a>, <a href="/wiki/JMicron" title="JMicron">JMicron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> nForce drivers for Windows Vista. In those cases SATA drives do not have low-level features accessible. </p><p>The eSATA version of SATA 6G operates at 6.0 Gbit/s (the term "SATA III" is avoided by the <a href="/wiki/SATA-IO" class="mw-redirect" title="SATA-IO">SATA-IO</a> organization to prevent confusion with SATA II 3.0 Gbit/s, which was colloquially referred to as "SATA 3G" [bit/s] or "SATA 300" [MB/s] since the 1.5 Gbit/s SATA I and 1.5 Gbit/s SATA II were referred to as both "SATA 1.5G" [bit/s] or "SATA 150" [MB/s]). Therefore, eSATA connections operate with negligible differences between them.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once an interface can transfer data as fast as a drive can handle them, increasing the interface speed does not improve data transfer. </p><p>There are some disadvantages, however, to the eSATA interface: </p> <ul><li>Devices built before the eSATA interface became popular lack external SATA connectors.</li> <li>For small form-factor devices (such as external 2.5-inch disks), a PC-hosted USB or FireWire link can usually supply sufficient power to operate the device. However, eSATA connectors cannot supply power, and require a power supply for the external device. The related <a href="/wiki/ESATAp" title="ESATAp">eSATAp</a> (but mechanically incompatible, sometimes called <i>eSATA/USB</i>) connector adds power to an external SATA connection, so that an additional power supply is not needed.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>As of August 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> few new computers have dedicated external SATA (eSATA) connectors, with USB3 dominating and USB3 Type C, often with the <a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a> alternate mode, starting to replace the earlier USB connectors. Still sometimes present are single ports supporting both USB3 and eSATA. </p><p>Desktop computers without a built-in eSATA interface can install an eSATA <a href="/wiki/Host_bus_adapter" class="mw-redirect" title="Host bus adapter">host bus adapter</a> (HBA); if the motherboard supports SATA, an externally available eSATA connector can be added. Notebook computers with the now rare <a href="/wiki/Cardbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardbus">Cardbus</a><sup id="cite_ref-addonics_cardbus_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-addonics_cardbus-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/ExpressCard" title="ExpressCard">ExpressCard</a><sup id="cite_ref-addonics_expresscard_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-addonics_expresscard-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> could add an eSATA HBA. With passive adapters, the maximum cable length is reduced to 1 meter (3.3 ft) due to the absence of compliant eSATA signal-levels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="eSATAp">eSATAp <span class="anchor" id="eSATAp"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: eSATAp"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ESATAp" title="ESATAp">eSATAp</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Esatap_port.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Esatap_port.JPG/170px-Esatap_port.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Esatap_port.JPG/255px-Esatap_port.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Esatap_port.JPG/340px-Esatap_port.JPG 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/ESATAp" title="ESATAp">eSATAp</a> port</figcaption></figure> <p>eSATAp stands for powered eSATA. It is also known as Power over eSATA, Power eSATA, eSATA/USB Combo, or eSATA USB Hybrid Port (EUHP). An eSATAp port combines the four pins of the USB 2.0 (or earlier) port, the seven pins of the eSATA port, and optionally two 12 V power pins.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both SATA traffic and device power are integrated in a single cable, as is the case with USB but not eSATA. The 5 V power is provided through two USB pins, while the 12 V power may optionally be provided. Typically desktop, but not notebook, computers provide 12 V power, so can power devices requiring this voltage, typically 3.5-inch disk and CD/DVD drives, in addition to 5 V devices such as 2.5-inch drives. </p><p>Both USB and eSATA devices can be used with an eSATAp port, when plugged in with a USB or eSATA cable, respectively. An eSATA device cannot be powered via an eSATAp cable, but a special cable can make both SATA or eSATA and power connectors available from an eSATAp port. </p><p>An eSATAp connector can be built into a computer with internal SATA and USB, by fitting a bracket with connections for internal SATA, USB, and power connectors and an externally accessible eSATAp port. Though eSATAp connectors have been built into several devices, manufacturers do not refer to an official standard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pre-standard_implementations">Pre-standard implementations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Pre-standard implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Prior to the final eSATA 6 Gbit/s specification many add-on cards and some motherboards advertised eSATA 6 Gbit/s support because they had 6 Gbit/s SATA 3.0 controllers for internal-only solutions. Those implementations are non-standard, and eSATA 6 Gbit/s requirements were ratified in the July 18, 2011 SATA 3.1 specification.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some products might not be fully eSATA 6 Gbit/s compliant.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mini-SATA_(mSATA)"><span id="Mini-SATA_.28mSATA.29"></span>Mini-SATA (mSATA) <span class="anchor" id="mSATA"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Mini-SATA (mSATA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express#MSATA" title="PCI Express">PCI Express § Mini-SATA (mSATA) variant</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel_525_mSATA_SSD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Intel_525_mSATA_SSD.jpg/170px-Intel_525_mSATA_SSD.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Intel_525_mSATA_SSD.jpg/255px-Intel_525_mSATA_SSD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Intel_525_mSATA_SSD.jpg/340px-Intel_525_mSATA_SSD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1948" data-file-height="3064" /></a><figcaption>An mSATA SSD</figcaption></figure> <p>Mini-SATA (abbreviated as mSATA), which is distinct from the micro connector,<sup id="cite_ref-amazon-msata_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amazon-msata-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was announced by the Serial ATA International Organization on September 21, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Applications include <a href="/wiki/Netbook" title="Netbook">netbooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">laptops</a> and other devices that require a <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state drive</a> in a small footprint. </p><p>The physical dimensions of the mSATA connector are identical to those of the <a href="/wiki/Mini-PCIe#PCI_Express_Mini_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="Mini-PCIe">PCI Express Mini Card</a> interface,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the interfaces are electrically incompatible; the data signals (TX±/RX± SATA, PETn0 PETp0 PERn0 PERp0 PCI Express) need a connection to the SATA host controller instead of the <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> host controller. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/M.2" title="M.2">M.2</a> specification has superseded both mSATA and <a href="/wiki/Mini-PCIe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mini-PCIe">mini-PCIe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-snia-webcast_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snia-webcast-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SFF-8784_connector">SFF-8784 connector <span class="anchor" id="SFF-8784"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: SFF-8784 connector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="margin-left: 1.5em;"> <caption>SFF-8784 connector<sup id="cite_ref-wdc-sff-8784_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdc-sff-8784-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Bottom</th> <th colspan="4">Top </th></tr> <tr> <th>Pin</th> <th>Function</th> <th>Pin</th> <th>Function</th> <th>Pin</th> <th>Function</th> <th>Pin</th> <th>Function </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Ground</td> <td>6</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">Unused</td> <td>11</td> <td>Ground</td> <td>16</td> <td>+5 V </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Ground</td> <td>7</td> <td>+5 V</td> <td>12</td> <td>B+ (transmit)</td> <td>17</td> <td>Ground </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Ground</td> <td>8</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">Unused</td> <td>13</td> <td>B− (transmit)</td> <td>18</td> <td>A− (receive) </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Ground<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>9</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">Unused</td> <td>14</td> <td>Ground</td> <td>19</td> <td>A+ (receive) </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>LED</td> <td>10</td> <td>Ground</td> <td>15</td> <td>+5 V</td> <td>20</td> <td>Ground </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Slim 2.5-inch SATA devices, 5 mm (0.20 inches) in height, use the twenty-pin <i>SFF-8784</i> <a href="/wiki/Edge_connector" title="Edge connector">edge connector</a> to save space. By combining the data signals and power lines into a slim connector that effectively enables direct connection to the device's <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">printed circuit board</a> (PCB) without additional space-consuming connectors, SFF-8784 allows further internal layout compaction for portable devices such as <a href="/wiki/Ultrabook" title="Ultrabook">ultrabooks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wdc-sff-8784_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdc-sff-8784-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pins 1 to 10 are on the connector's bottom side, while pins 11 to 20 are on the top side.<sup id="cite_ref-wdc-sff-8784_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdc-sff-8784-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SATA_Express">SATA Express <span class="anchor" id="SATA-EXPRESS"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: SATA Express"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SATA_Express_connectors_on_a_computer_motherboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/SATA_Express_connectors_on_a_computer_motherboard.jpg/290px-SATA_Express_connectors_on_a_computer_motherboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/SATA_Express_connectors_on_a_computer_motherboard.jpg/435px-SATA_Express_connectors_on_a_computer_motherboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/SATA_Express_connectors_on_a_computer_motherboard.jpg/580px-SATA_Express_connectors_on_a_computer_motherboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption>Two SATA Express connectors (light gray) on a <a href="/wiki/Computer_motherboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer motherboard">computer motherboard</a>; to the right of them are common SATA connectors (dark gray).</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/SATA_Express" title="SATA Express">SATA Express</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/SATA_Express" title="SATA Express">SATA Express</a>, initially standardized in the SATA 3.2 specification,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an interface that supports either SATA or <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> storage devices. The host connector is backward compatible with the standard 3.5-inch SATA data connector, allowing up to two legacy SATA devices to connect.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the host connector provides up to two <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express_3.0" class="mw-redirect" title="PCI Express 3.0">PCI Express 3.0</a> lanes as a pure PCI Express connection to the storage device, allowing bandwidths of up to 2 GB/s.<sup id="cite_ref-sata-3.2-announcement_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sata-3.2-announcement-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sata-io-sata-express_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sata-io-sata-express-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Instead of the otherwise usual approach of doubling the native speed of the SATA interface, PCI Express was selected for achieving data transfer speeds greater than 6 Gbit/s. It was concluded that doubling the native SATA speed would take too much time, too many changes would be required to the SATA standard, and would result in a much greater power consumption when compared to the existing PCI Express bus.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to supporting legacy <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" title="Advanced Host Controller Interface">Advanced Host Controller Interface</a> (AHCI), SATA Express also makes it possible for <a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVM Express</a> (NVMe) to be used as the logical device interface for connected PCI Express storage devices.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As M.2 form factor, described below, achieved much larger popularity, SATA Express is considered as a failed standard and dedicated ports quickly disappeared from motherboards. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M.2_(NGFF)"><span id="M.2_.28NGFF.29"></span>M.2 (NGFF) <span class="anchor" id="M.2"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: M.2 (NGFF)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M.2_and_mSATA_SSDs_comparison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/M.2_and_mSATA_SSDs_comparison.jpg/290px-M.2_and_mSATA_SSDs_comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/M.2_and_mSATA_SSDs_comparison.jpg/435px-M.2_and_mSATA_SSDs_comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/M.2_and_mSATA_SSDs_comparison.jpg/580px-M.2_and_mSATA_SSDs_comparison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption>Size comparison of mSATA (left) and M.2 (size 2242, B+M keyed, right) SSDs</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M.2_2242_SSD_connected_into_USB_3.0_adapter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/M.2_2242_SSD_connected_into_USB_3.0_adapter.jpg/220px-M.2_2242_SSD_connected_into_USB_3.0_adapter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/M.2_2242_SSD_connected_into_USB_3.0_adapter.jpg/330px-M.2_2242_SSD_connected_into_USB_3.0_adapter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/M.2_2242_SSD_connected_into_USB_3.0_adapter.jpg/440px-M.2_2242_SSD_connected_into_USB_3.0_adapter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1599" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/M.2" title="M.2">M.2</a> (2242) solid-state-drive (<a href="/wiki/SSD" class="mw-redirect" title="SSD">SSD</a>) connected into <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a> 3.0 adapter and connected to computer</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/M.2" title="M.2">M.2</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/M.2" title="M.2">M.2</a>, formerly known as the <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Form_Factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Next Generation Form Factor">Next Generation Form Factor</a> (NGFF), is a specification for computer <a href="/wiki/Expansion_card" title="Expansion card">expansion cards</a> and associated connectors. It replaces the mSATA standard, which uses the PCI Express Mini Card physical layout. Having a smaller and more flexible physical specification, together with more advanced features, the M.2 is more suitable for <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state</a> storage applications in general, especially when used in small devices such as ultrabooks or tablets.<sup id="cite_ref-sata-io-m.2_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sata-io-m.2-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A M.2 SSD is "<a href="/wiki/M.2_keying" class="mw-redirect" title="M.2 keying">keyed</a>" to prevent insertion of a card connector (male) to an incompatible socket (female) on the host. Typically, M.2 SSDs with a <a href="/wiki/M.2_keying" class="mw-redirect" title="M.2 keying">B key</a> or <a href="/wiki/M.2_keying" class="mw-redirect" title="M.2 keying">B+M key</a> are SATA, while M.2 SSDs with <a href="/wiki/M.2_keying" class="mw-redirect" title="M.2 keying">M key only</a> are mostly <a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVMe</a> only and incompatible with SATA. </p><p>The M.2 standard is designed as a revision and improvement to the mSATA standard, so that larger <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">printed circuit boards</a> (PCBs) can be manufactured. While mSATA took advantage of the existing PCI Express Mini Card form factor and connector, M.2 has been designed to maximize usage of the card space, while minimizing the footprint.<sup id="cite_ref-sata-io-m.2_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sata-io-m.2-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Supported host controller interfaces and internally provided ports are a superset to those defined by the SATA Express interface. Essentially, the M.2 standard is a small form factor implementation of the SATA Express interface, with the addition of an internal <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a> 3.0 port.<sup id="cite_ref-sata-io-m.2_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sata-io-m.2-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.2_(SFF-8639)"><span id="U.2_.28SFF-8639.29"></span>U.2 (SFF-8639) <span class="anchor" id="U.2"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: U.2 (SFF-8639)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/U.2" title="U.2">U.2</a>, formerly known as SFF-8639. Like M.2, it carries a PCI Express electrical signal, however U.2 uses a PCIe 3.0 ×4 link providing a higher bandwidth of 32 Gbit/s in each direction. In order to provide maximum backward compatibility the U.2 connector also supports SATA and multi-path SAS.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Topology">Topology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Topology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Port_multiplier" title="Port multiplier">Port multiplier</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sata_controlador_multiplicador_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sata_controlador_multiplicador_cropped.svg/220px-Sata_controlador_multiplicador_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sata_controlador_multiplicador_cropped.svg/330px-Sata_controlador_multiplicador_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sata_controlador_multiplicador_cropped.svg/440px-Sata_controlador_multiplicador_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="277" /></a><figcaption>SATA topology: host (H), multiplier (M), and device (D)</figcaption></figure> <p>SATA uses a point-to-point architecture. The physical connection between a controller and a storage device is not shared among other controllers and storage devices. SATA defines <a href="/wiki/Port_multiplier" title="Port multiplier">multipliers</a>, which allows a single SATA controller port to drive up to fifteen storage devices. The multiplier performs the function of a hub; the controller and each storage device is connected to the hub.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is conceptually similar to <a href="/wiki/SAS_expander" class="mw-redirect" title="SAS expander">SAS expanders</a>. </p><p>Modern<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> PC systems have SATA controllers built into the motherboard, typically featuring two to eight ports. Additional ports can be installed through add-in SATA host adapters (available in variety of bus-interfaces: USB, PCI, PCIe). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Backward_and_forward_compatibility">Backward and forward compatibility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Backward and forward compatibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SATA_and_PATA">SATA and PATA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: SATA and PATA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PATA_hard_disk_with_SATA_converter.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/PATA_hard_disk_with_SATA_converter.png/220px-PATA_hard_disk_with_SATA_converter.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/PATA_hard_disk_with_SATA_converter.png/330px-PATA_hard_disk_with_SATA_converter.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/PATA_hard_disk_with_SATA_converter.png/440px-PATA_hard_disk_with_SATA_converter.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption>PATA hard disk with SATA converter attached</figcaption></figure> <p>At the hardware interface level, SATA and PATA (<a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">Parallel AT Attachment</a>) devices are completely incompatible: they cannot be interconnected without an adapter. </p><p>At the application level, SATA devices can be specified to look and act like PATA devices.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many motherboards offer a "Legacy Mode" option, which makes SATA drives appear to the OS like PATA drives on a standard controller. This <i>Legacy Mode</i> eases OS installation by not requiring that a specific driver be loaded during setup, but sacrifices support for some (vendor specific) features of SATA. Legacy Mode often if not always disables some of the boards' PATA or SATA ports, since the standard PATA controller interface supports only four drives. (Often, which ports are disabled is configurable.) </p><p>The common heritage of the ATA command set has enabled the proliferation of low-cost PATA to SATA bridge chips. Bridge chips were widely used on PATA drives (before the completion of native SATA drives) as well in standalone converters. When attached to a PATA drive, a device-side converter allows the PATA drive to function as a SATA drive. Host-side converters allow a motherboard PATA port to connect to a SATA drive. </p><p>The market has produced powered enclosures for both PATA and SATA drives that interface to the PC through USB, Firewire or eSATA, with the restrictions noted above. <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect" title="Peripheral Component Interconnect">PCI</a> cards with a SATA connector exist that allow SATA drives to connect to legacy systems without SATA connectors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SATA_1.5_Gbit/s_and_SATA_3_Gbit/s"><span id="SATA_1.5_Gbit.2Fs_and_SATA_3_Gbit.2Fs"></span>SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 3 Gbit/s <span class="anchor" id="FORCE-150"></span><span class="anchor" id="OPT1-ENABLED"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 3 Gbit/s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The designers of SATA standard as an overall goal aimed for backward and <a href="/wiki/Forward_compatibility" title="Forward compatibility">forward compatibility</a> with future revisions of the SATA standard. To prevent interoperability problems that could occur when next generation SATA drives are installed on motherboards with standard legacy SATA 1.5 Gbit/s host controllers, many manufacturers have made it easy to switch those newer drives to the previous standard's mode. Examples of such provisions include: </p> <ul><li>Seagate/Maxtor has added a user-accessible jumper-switch, known as the "force 150", to enable the drive switch between forced 1.5 Gbit/s and 1.5/3 Gbit/s negotiated operation.</li> <li>Western Digital uses a jumper setting called <i>OPT1 enabled</i> to force 1.5 Gbit/s data transfer speed (OPT1 is enabled by putting the jumper on pins 5 and 6).<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Samsung drives can be forced to 1.5 Gbit/s mode using software that may be downloaded from the manufacturer's website. Configuring some Samsung drives in this manner requires the temporary use of a SATA-2 (SATA 3.0 Gbit/s) controller while programming the drive.</li></ul> <p>The "force 150" switch (or equivalent) is also useful for attaching SATA 3 Gbit/s hard drives to SATA controllers on PCI cards, since many of these controllers (such as the <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Image" title="Silicon Image">Silicon Image</a> chips) run at 3 Gbit/s, even though the PCI bus cannot reach 1.5 Gbit/s speeds. This can cause data corruption in operating systems that do not specifically test for this condition and limit the disk transfer speed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SATA_3_Gbit/s_and_SATA_6_Gbit/s"><span id="SATA_3_Gbit.2Fs_and_SATA_6_Gbit.2Fs"></span>SATA 3 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: SATA 3 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>SATA 3 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s are compatible with each other. Most devices that are only SATA 3 Gbit/s can connect with devices that are SATA 6 Gbit/s, and vice versa, though SATA 3 Gbit/s devices connect with SATA 6 Gbit/s devices only at the slower 3 Gbit/s speed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SATA_1.5_Gbit/s_and_SATA_6_Gbit/s"><span id="SATA_1.5_Gbit.2Fs_and_SATA_6_Gbit.2Fs"></span>SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s are compatible with each other. Most devices that are only SATA 1.5 Gbit/s can connect with devices that are SATA 6 Gbit/s, and vice versa, though SATA 1.5 Gbit/s devices only connect with SATA 6 Gbit/s devices at the slower 1.5 Gbit/s speed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_to_other_interfaces">Comparison to other interfaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Comparison to other interfaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SATA_and_SCSI">SATA and SCSI</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: SATA and SCSI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parallel <a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> uses a more complex bus than SATA, usually resulting in higher manufacturing costs. SCSI buses also allow connection of several drives on one shared channel, whereas SATA allows one drive per channel, unless using a port multiplier. Serial Attached SCSI uses the same physical interconnects as SATA, and most SAS HBAs also support 3 and 6 Gbit/s SATA devices (an HBA requires support for <i>Serial ATA Tunneling Protocol</i>). </p><p>SATA 3 Gbit/s theoretically offers a maximum bandwidth of 300 MB/s per device, which is only slightly lower than the rated speed for SCSI Ultra 320 with a maximum of 320 MB/s total for all devices on a bus.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SCSI drives provide greater sustained throughput than multiple SATA drives connected via a simple (i.e., command-based) <a href="/wiki/Port_multiplier" title="Port multiplier">port multiplier</a> because of disconnect-reconnect and aggregating performance.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, SATA devices link compatibly to SAS enclosures and adapters, whereas SCSI devices cannot be directly connected to a SATA bus. </p><p>SCSI, SAS<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, and fibre-channel (FC) drives are more expensive than SATA, so they are used in <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">servers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disk_array" title="Disk array">disk arrays</a> where the better performance justifies the additional cost. Inexpensive ATA and SATA drives evolved in the <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home-computer</a> market, hence there is a view that they are less reliable. As those two worlds overlapped, the subject of reliability <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive#Integrity_and_failure" title="Hard disk drive">became somewhat controversial</a>. Note that, in general, the failure rate of a disk drive is related to the quality of its heads, platters and supporting manufacturing processes, not to its interface. </p><p>Use of serial ATA in the business market increased from 22% in 2006 to 28% in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-rev30_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev30-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_with_other_buses">Comparison with other buses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Comparison with other buses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_device_bit_rates#Storage" class="mw-redirect" title="List of device bit rates">List of device bit rates</a></div> <p>SCSI-3 devices with SCA-2 connectors are designed for hot swapping. Many server and RAID systems provide hardware support for transparent hot swapping. The designers of the SCSI standard prior to SCA-2 connectors did not target hot swapping, but in practice, most RAID implementations support hot swapping of hard disks. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bit_rate#Gross_bit_rate" title="Bit rate">Raw data rate</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/Bit_rate#Information_rate" title="Bit rate">Data rate</a> </th> <th>Maximum cable length </th> <th>Power provided </th> <th>Devices per channel </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#eSATA">eSATA</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="6">6 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="600">600 MB/s </td> <td rowspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>2 m</li> <li>1 m with passive SATA adapter</li></ul> </div> </td> <td>No </td> <td rowspan="5">1 (15 with a <a href="/wiki/Port_multiplier" title="Port multiplier">port multiplier</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ESATAp" title="ESATAp">eSATAp</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="6">6 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="600">600 MB/s </td> <td>5 V, and, optionally, 12 V<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SATA_Express" title="SATA Express">SATA Express</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="16">16 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="1969">1.97 GB/s<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="4">1 m </td> <td rowspan="4">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#3.0">SATA revision 3.0</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="6">6 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="600">600 MB/s<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#2.0">SATA revision 2.0</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="3">3 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="300">300 MB/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#1.0">SATA revision 1.0</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="1.5">1.5 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="150">150 MB/s<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">PATA (IDE)</a> 133 </td> <td data-sort-value="1.067">1.064 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="133.3">133.3 MB/s<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>0.46 m (18 in) </td> <td>5 V (only 2.5-inch drive 44-pin connector) </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI">SAS-4</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="22.5">22.5 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="2250">2.25 GB/s </td> <td rowspan="4">10 m </td> <td rowspan="4">Backplane connectors only </td> <td rowspan="4">1 (> 65k with expanders) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI">SAS-3</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="12">12 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="1200">1.2 GB/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI">SAS-2</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="6">6 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="600">600 MB/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI">SAS-1</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="3">3 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="300">300 MB/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">IEEE 1394 (FireWire)</a> 3200 </td> <td data-sort-value="3.144">3.144 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="393">393 MB/s </td> <td>100 m (more with special cables) </td> <td rowspan="3">15 W, 12–25 V </td> <td rowspan="3">63 (with a hub) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">IEEE 1394 (FireWire)</a> 800 </td> <td data-sort-value="0.767578125">786 Mbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="98.25">98.25 MB/s </td> <td>100 m<sup id="cite_ref-Apple-FW-dev-notes_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple-FW-dev-notes-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">IEEE 1394 (FireWire)</a> 400 </td> <td data-sort-value="0.3837890625">393 Mbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="49.13">49.13 MB/s </td> <td>4.5 m<sup id="cite_ref-Apple-FW-dev-notes_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple-FW-dev-notes-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16_cables_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16_cables-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Serial Bus">USB</a> 3.2 (Generation 2x2) </td> <td data-sort-value="20">20 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="2440">2.44 GB/s<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1 m (Passive cable USB-IF Standard) </td> <td>Yes 100 W, 5, 12 or 20 V<sup id="cite_ref-Howse_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howse-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>127 (with a hub)<sup id="cite_ref-USB_3_Quickie_Intro_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USB_3_Quickie_Intro-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Serial Bus">USB</a> 3.1 (Generation 2) </td> <td data-sort-value="10">10 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="1212">1.22 GB/s<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1 m (Passive cable USB-IF Standard) </td> <td>100 W, 5, 12 or 20 V<sup id="cite_ref-Howse_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howse-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="4">127 (with a hub)<sup id="cite_ref-USB_3_Quickie_Intro_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USB_3_Quickie_Intro-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Serial Bus">USB</a> 3.0<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (USB 3.2, Generation 1) </td> <td data-sort-value="5">5 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="610">610 MB/s or more (<abbr title="excluding">excl.</abbr> protocol <br />overhead, flow control, and framing)<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2 m (Passive cable USB-IF Standard) </td> <td>4.5 W, 5 V </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Serial Bus">USB</a> 2.0 </td> <td data-sort-value="0.48">480 Mbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="58">58 MB/s </td> <td>5 m<sup id="cite_ref-USB_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USB-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2.5 W, 5 V </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Serial Bus">USB</a> 1.1 </td> <td data-sort-value="0.012">12 Mbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="1.5">1.5 MB/s </td> <td>3 m </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> Ultra-320 </td> <td data-sort-value="2.56">2.56 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="320">320 MB/s </td> <td>12 m </td> <td>Only with <a href="/wiki/Single_Connector_Attachment" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Connector Attachment">SCA Backplane</a> </td> <td>15 <abbr title="excluding">excl.</abbr> host bus adapter/host </td></tr> <tr> <td>10GFC <a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="10.52">10.52 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="1195">1.195 GB/s </td> <td>2 m – 50 km </td> <td rowspan="3">No </td> <td rowspan="2">126 (16,777,216 with switches) </td></tr> <tr> <td>4GFC <a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="4">4.25 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="398">398 MB/s </td> <td>12 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand">InfiniBand</a><br />Quad Rate </td> <td data-sort-value="10">10 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="1003.52">0.98 GB/s </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>5 m (copper)<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><10 km (fiber)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td>1 with <a href="/wiki/Point-to-point_(telecommunications)" title="Point-to-point (telecommunications)">point-to-point</a>, many with <a href="/wiki/Switched_fabric" title="Switched fabric">switched fabric</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="10">10 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="1249.28">1.22 GB/s </td> <td rowspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>3 m (copper)</li> <li>100 m (fiber)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td rowspan="2">10 W (only copper) </td> <td rowspan="3">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Thunderbolt 2">Thunderbolt 2</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="20">20 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="2498.56">2.44 GB/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Thunderbolt 3">Thunderbolt 3</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="40">40 Gbit/s </td> <td data-sort-value="4997.12">4.88 GB/s </td> <td>100 W (only copper) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/28px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/42px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/56px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Electronics" title="Portal:Electronics">Electronics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FATA_(hard_disk_drive)" title="FATA (hard disk drive)">FATA (hard disk drive)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibATA" title="LibATA">libATA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interface_bit_rates" title="List of interface bit rates">List of interface bit rates</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"AT" is derived from the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer/AT" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Personal Computer/AT">IBM Personal Computer/AT</a>. IBM did not specify a meaning for AT and neither did the <a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA_International_Organization" title="Serial ATA International Organization">Serial ATA International Organization</a> in the specification document. The standard is marketed as Serial ATA, but SATA is the most common name.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Integrated Drive Electronics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Drive present</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">16 Gbit/s raw bit rate, with <a href="/wiki/128b/130b" class="mw-redirect" title="128b/130b">128b/130b</a> encoding</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">15 ns cycles, 16-bit transfers</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">20 Gbit/s raw bit rate, with <a href="/wiki/128b/132b" class="mw-redirect" title="128b/132b">128b/132b</a> encoding</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">10 Gbit/s raw bit rate, with <a href="/wiki/128b/132b" class="mw-redirect" title="128b/132b">128b/132b</a> encoding</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Serial Bus">USB</a> 3.0 specification was released to hardware vendors on 17 November 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USB-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USB_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">USB hubs can be daisy chained up to 25 m</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-linux-ata-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-linux-ata_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-linux-ata_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090124023117/http://ata.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Software_status#Hotplug_support">"Software status - ata Wiki"</a>. <i>ata.wiki.kernel.org</i>. 2008-08-17. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ata.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Software_status#Hotplug_support">the original</a> on 2009-01-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ata.wiki.kernel.org&rft.atitle=Software+status+-+ata+Wiki&rft.date=2008-08-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fata.wiki.kernel.org%2Findex.php%2FSoftware_status%23Hotplug_support&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SATA1a-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SATA1a_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SATA1a_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SATA1a_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009182351/http://www.ece.umd.edu/courses/enee759h.S2003/references/serialata10a.pdf">"Serial ATA: High Speed Serialized AT Attachment"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ece.umd.edu</i>. Serial ATA Working Group. January 7, 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ece.umd.edu/courses/enee759h.S2003/references/serialata10a.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ece.umd.edu&rft.atitle=Serial+ATA%3A+High+Speed+Serialized+AT+Attachment&rft.date=2003-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ece.umd.edu%2Fcourses%2Fenee759h.S2003%2Freferences%2Fserialata10a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INCITS_T13-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-INCITS_T13_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INCITS_T13_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://t13.org/">"Technical Committee T13, AT Attachment"</a>. Technical Committee T13 AT Attachment. March 1, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technical+Committee+T13%2C+AT+Attachment&rft.pub=Technical+Committee+T13+AT+Attachment&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ft13.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Seagate, APT and Vitesse Unveil the First Serial ATA Disc Drive at Intel Developer Forum", Seagate Technology, Aug. 22, 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrawes" class="citation web cs1">Andrawes, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anandtech.com/show/484">"Intel IDF Report #2 - Serial ATA & USB 2.0"</a>. <i>AnadTech</i>. Future plc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AnadTech&rft.atitle=Intel+IDF+Report+%232+-+Serial+ATA+%26+USB+2.0&rft.aulast=Andrawes&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anandtech.com%2Fshow%2F484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecse.rpi.edu/courses/S15/ECSE-4780/Labs/IDE/IDE_SPEC.PDF">"Lamars, Lawrence J., <i>Information technology - AT Attachment Interface for Disk Drives</i>, Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association, 1994, xi (introduction)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617193535/https://ecse.rpi.edu/courses/S15/ECSE-4780/Labs/IDE/IDE_SPEC.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lamars%2C+Lawrence+J.%2C+Information+technology+-+AT+Attachment+Interface+for+Disk+Drives%2C+Computer+and+Business+Equipment+Manufacturers+Association%2C+1994%2C+xi+%28introduction%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecse.rpi.edu%2Fcourses%2FS15%2FECSE-4780%2FLabs%2FIDE%2FIDE_SPEC.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hyl8SA1eHzIC&q=AT+&pg=PA105"><i>Govindarajalu, B., </i>IBM PC And Clones: Hardware, Troubleshooting And Maintenance<i><span></span></i></a>. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. 2002. p. xxxi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780070483118" title="Special:BookSources/9780070483118"><bdi>9780070483118</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Govindarajalu%2C+B.%2C+IBM+PC+And+Clones%3A+Hardware%2C+Troubleshooting+And+Maintenance&rft.pages=xxxi&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw-Hill+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780070483118&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHyl8SA1eHzIC%26q%3DAT%2B%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seagate.com/support/disc/manuals/sata/cuda5_sata_pm.pdf">"Barracuda Serial ATA V Family"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barracuda+Serial+ATA+V+Family&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seagate.com%2Fsupport%2Fdisc%2Fmanuals%2Fsata%2Fcuda5_sata_pm.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rev30-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rev30_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev30_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120417133358/http://www.serialata.org/documents/SATA-Rev-30-Presentation.pdf">"Serial ATA: Meeting Storage Needs Today and Tomorrow"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>serialata.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.serialata.org/documents/SATA-Rev-30-Presentation.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=serialata.org&rft.atitle=Serial+ATA%3A+Meeting+Storage+Needs+Today+and+Tomorrow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.serialata.org%2Fdocuments%2FSATA-Rev-30-Presentation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald_Melanson2008" class="citation web cs1">Donald Melanson (2008-02-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2008/02/25/cfast-compactflash-cards-now-said-to-be-coming-in-18-to-24-mont/">"CFast CompactFlash cards now said to be coming in "18 to 24 months"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Engadget" title="Engadget">Engadget</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090303144033/http://www.engadget.com/2008/02/25/cfast-compactflash-cards-now-said-to-be-coming-in-18-to-24-mont">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CFast+CompactFlash+cards+now+said+to+be+coming+in+%2218+to+24+months%22&rft.pub=Engadget&rft.date=2008-02-25&rft.au=Donald+Melanson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2008%2F02%2F25%2Fcfast-compactflash-cards-now-said-to-be-coming-in-18-to-24-mont%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dpreview.com/news/2009/1/9/preteccfaststoragecards">"Pretec release CFast card with SATA interface"</a>. <a href="/wiki/DPReview" class="mw-redirect" title="DPReview">DPReview</a>. 8 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025074641/http://www.dpreview.com/news/2009/1/9/preteccfaststoragecards">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pretec+release+CFast+card+with+SATA+interface&rft.pub=DPReview&rft.date=2009-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpreview.com%2Fnews%2F2009%2F1%2F9%2Fpreteccfaststoragecards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asrock.com/nettop/Intel/Core%20100HT-BD/">"Specification for some motherboard with eSATA connector"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Specification+for+some+motherboard+with+eSATA+connector&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asrock.com%2Fnettop%2FIntel%2FCore%2520100HT-BD%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070312010549/http://linux-ata.org/driver-status.html#ahci">"Serial ATA (SATA) Linux hardware/driver status report"</a>. <i>linux-ata.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linux-ata.org/driver-status.html#ahci">the original</a> on 2007-03-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=linux-ata.org&rft.atitle=Serial+ATA+%28SATA%29+Linux+hardware%2Fdriver+status+report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flinux-ata.org%2Fdriver-status.html%23ahci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070302101422/http://www.intel.com/support/chipsets/imst/sb/cs-020825.htm">"Intel® Matrix Storage Technology - Unattended Installation Instructions Under Windows* XP"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>. 2 March 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intel.com/support/chipsets/imst/sb/cs-020825.htm">the original</a> on 2 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intel%C2%AE+Matrix+Storage+Technology+-+Unattended+Installation+Instructions+Under+Windows%2A+XP&rft.pub=Intel&rft.date=2007-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intel.com%2Fsupport%2Fchipsets%2Fimst%2Fsb%2Fcs-020825.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211129075859/https://kb.sandisk.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/8142/~/difference-between-sata-i%2C-sata-ii-and-sata-iii">"Difference between SATA I, SATA II and SATA III"</a>. <i>www.sandisk.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sandisk.com&rft.atitle=Difference+between+SATA+I%2C+SATA+II+and+SATA+III&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkb.sandisk.com%2Fapp%2Fanswers%2Fdetail%2Fa_id%2F8142%2F~%2Fdifference-between-sata-i%2C-sata-ii-and-sata-iii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeoff_Gasior2004" class="citation web cs1">Geoff Gasior (2004-03-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://techreport.com/review/6390/western-digital-raptor-wd740gd-sata-hard-drive">"Western Digital's Raptor WD740GD SATA hard drive: Single-user performance, multi-user potential"</a>. <i>techreport.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150325001151/http://techreport.com/review/6390/western-digital-raptor-wd740gd-sata-hard-drive">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-03-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=techreport.com&rft.atitle=Western+Digital%27s+Raptor+WD740GD+SATA+hard+drive%3A+Single-user+performance%2C+multi-user+potential&rft.date=2004-03-08&rft.au=Geoff+Gasior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftechreport.com%2Freview%2F6390%2Fwestern-digital-raptor-wd740gd-sata-hard-drive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tom2010HardDrives-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tom2010HardDrives_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tom2010HardDrives_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Schmid_and_Achim_Roos2010" class="citation news cs1">Patrick Schmid and Achim Roos (2010-04-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/wd6000hlhx-velociraptor-600gb,2600-5.html">"VelociRaptor Returns: 6Gbit/s, 600GB, And 10,000 RPM"</a>. <i>tomshardware.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=tomshardware.com&rft.atitle=VelociRaptor+Returns%3A+6Gbit%2Fs%2C+600GB%2C+And+10%2C000+RPM&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft.au=Patrick+Schmid+and+Achim+Roos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomshardware.com%2Freviews%2Fwd6000hlhx-velociraptor-600gb%2C2600-5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SATA-IO_website-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SATA-IO_website_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sata-io.org/developers/naming_guidelines.asp">"SATA-IO Specifications and Naming Conventions"</a>. <i>sata-io.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120829113659/http://www.sata-io.org/developers/naming_guidelines.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-08-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sata-io.org&rft.atitle=SATA-IO+Specifications+and+Naming+Conventions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fdevelopers%2Fnaming_guidelines.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sata-io.org/system/files/member-downloads/SATA-IOCompletesSATARevision2.5IntegratedSpec.pdf">"SATA-IO COMPLETES SATA REVISION 2.5 INTEGRATED SPEC"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316122649/https://www.sata-io.org/system/files/member-downloads/SATA-IOCompletesSATARevision2.5IntegratedSpec.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2015-03-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA-IO+COMPLETES+SATA+REVISION+2.5+INTEGRATED+SPEC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsata-io.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fmember-downloads%2FSATA-IOCompletesSATARevision2.5IntegratedSpec.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20050823005355/en/SATA-IO-Completes-SATA-Revision-2.5-Integrated-Spec">"SATA-IO Completes SATA Revision 2.5 Integrated Spec; Slimline Connector Spec and Interoperability Program Plans Also Released"</a>. <i>www.businesswire.com</i> (Press release). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171110114621/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20050823005355/en/SATA-IO-Completes-SATA-Revision-2.5-Integrated-Spec">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-11-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA-IO+Completes+SATA+Revision+2.5+Integrated+Spec%3B+Slimline+Connector+Spec+and+Interoperability+Program+Plans+Also+Released&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20050823005355%2Fen%2FSATA-IO-Completes-SATA-Revision-2.5-Integrated-Spec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sata26-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sata26_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sata26_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://read.pudn.com/downloads157/doc/project/697017/SerialATA_Revision_2_6_Gold.pdf">"Serial ATA Revision 2.6"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Serial ATA International Organization. p. 115. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104140/http://read.pudn.com/downloads157/doc/project/697017/SerialATA_Revision_2_6_Gold.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2014-10-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serial+ATA+Revision+2.6&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Serial+ATA+International+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fread.pudn.com%2Fdownloads157%2Fdoc%2Fproject%2F697017%2FSerialATA_Revision_2_6_Gold.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SATA-600_announce-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SATA-600_announce_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SATA-600_announce_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100923003722/http://www.sata-io.org/documents/SATA_6gbphy_pressrls_finalrv2.pdf">"New SATA Spec Will Double Data Transfer Rates to 6 Gbit/s"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/SATA-IO" class="mw-redirect" title="SATA-IO">SATA-IO</a>. 2008-08-18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sata-io.org/documents/SATA_6gbphy_pressrls_finalrv2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+SATA+Spec+Will+Double+Data+Transfer+Rates+to+6+Gbit%2Fs&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft.date=2008-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fdocuments%2FSATA_6gbphy_pressrls_finalrv2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sata-io.org/technology/6Gbdetails.asp">"SATA Revision 3.0"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SATA-IO" class="mw-redirect" title="SATA-IO">SATA-IO</a>. 27 May 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130202075739/http://www.sata-io.org/technology/6Gbdetails.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA+Revision+3.0&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft.date=2009-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Ftechnology%2F6Gbdetails.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sata-io.org/documents/SATA-Revision-3.0-Press-Release-FINAL-052609.pdf">"SATA-IO Releases SATA Revision 3.0 Specification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). Serial ATA International Organization. May 27, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090611174913/http://www.sata-io.org/documents/SATA-Revision-3.0-Press-Release-FINAL-052609.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA-IO+Releases+SATA+Revision+3.0+Specification&rft.pub=Serial+ATA+International+Organization&rft.date=2009-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fdocuments%2FSATA-Revision-3.0-Press-Release-FINAL-052609.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRick_Merritt2008" class="citation web cs1">Rick Merritt (2008-08-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121027110553/http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4078315/Serial-ATA-doubles-data-rate-to-6-Gbits-s">"Serial ATA doubles data rate to 6 Gbit/s (EETimes news report)"</a>. <i>eetimes.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4078315/Serial-ATA-doubles-data-rate-to-6-Gbits-s">the original</a> on 2012-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eetimes.com&rft.atitle=Serial+ATA+doubles+data+rate+to+6+Gbit%2Fs+%28EETimes+news+report%29&rft.date=2008-08-18&rft.au=Rick+Merritt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feetimes.com%2Felectronics-news%2F4078315%2FSerial-ATA-doubles-data-rate-to-6-Gbits-s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/SATA-IORevision31_PRfinal.pdf">"SATA-IO Releases Revision 3.1 Specification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. SATA-IO. 2011-07-18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222150501/https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/SATA-IORevision31_PRfinal.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2014-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA-IO+Releases+Revision+3.1+Specification&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft.date=2011-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FSATA-IORevision31_PRfinal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilbert_Hagedoorn2011" class="citation web cs1">Hilbert Hagedoorn (2011-07-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guru3d.com/news_story/sata_3_1_specifications_have_been_published.html">"SATA 3.1 specifications have been published"</a>. <i>guru3d.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517045720/http://www.guru3d.com/news_story/sata_3_1_specifications_have_been_published.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-05-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=guru3d.com&rft.atitle=SATA+3.1+specifications+have+been+published&rft.date=2011-07-20&rft.au=Hilbert+Hagedoorn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guru3d.com%2Fnews_story%2Fsata_3_1_specifications_have_been_published.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212164949/http://forum.notebookreview.com/lenovo-ibm/574993-msata-faq-basic-primer.html">"Msata Faq"</a>. <i>forum.notebookreview.com</i>. 1 May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum.notebookreview.com/lenovo-ibm/574993-msata-faq-basic-primer.html">the original</a> on 2012-02-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=forum.notebookreview.com&rft.atitle=Msata+Faq&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforum.notebookreview.com%2Flenovo-ibm%2F574993-msata-faq-basic-primer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/c03345460">"HP Compaq Elite 8300 PC Product Specifications"</a>. <i>HP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HP&rft.atitle=HP+Compaq+Elite+8300+PC+Product+Specifications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.hp.com%2Fus-en%2Fdocument%2Fc03345460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sata-io.org/technology/usm.asp">"Serial ATA International Organization: SATA Universal Storage Module (USM)"</a>. <i>sata-io.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111101214459/http://www.sata-io.org/technology/usm.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sata-io.org&rft.atitle=Serial+ATA+International+Organization%3A+SATA+Universal+Storage+Module+%28USM%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Ftechnology%2Fusm.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerenson" class="citation web cs1">Perenson, Melissa J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/215475/New_Universal_Storage_Module_Promises_To_Evolve_Portable_Data.html">"New Universal Storage Module Promises to Evolve Portable Data"</a>. PCWorld. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221214811/http://www.pcworld.com/article/215475/New_Universal_Storage_Module_Promises_To_Evolve_Portable_Data.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Universal+Storage+Module+Promises+to+Evolve+Portable+Data&rft.pub=PCWorld&rft.aulast=Perenson&rft.aufirst=Melissa+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2F215475%2FNew_Universal_Storage_Module_Promises_To_Evolve_Portable_Data.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sata-3.2-announcement-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sata-3.2-announcement_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sata-3.2-announcement_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/SATA_v3%202_PR__Final_BusinessWire_8.20.13.pdf">"SATA-IO Unveils Revision 3.2 Specification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/SATA-IO" class="mw-redirect" title="SATA-IO">SATA-IO</a>. 2013-08-08. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190135/https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/SATA_v3%202_PR__Final_BusinessWire_8.20.13.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA-IO+Unveils+Revision+3.2+Specification&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft.date=2013-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FSATA_v3%25202_PR__Final_BusinessWire_8.20.13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sata-io.org/technology/sataexpress.asp">Enabling Higher Speed Storage Applications with SATA Express</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121127010238/http://www.sata-io.org/technology/sataexpress.asp">Archived</a> 2012-11-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Serial ATA International Organization.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bit-tech.net/news/hardware/2013/08/13/sata-32/1">SATA-IO announces 16Gb/s SATA 3.2 specification</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140330051453/http://www.bit-tech.net/news/hardware/2013/08/13/sata-32/1">Archived</a> 2014-03-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sata-io.org/sata-m2-card">"SATA M.2 Card"</a>. SATA-IO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003103042/https://www.sata-io.org/sata-m2-card">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA+M.2+Card&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fsata-m2-card&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sata-io.org/technology/ussd.asp">SATA μSSD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508023414/http://www.sata-io.org/technology/ussd.asp">Archived</a> 2013-05-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Serial ATA International Organization.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sata-io.org/system/files/member-downloads/SATA-IO%20USM%20SLIM%20PR_Final_0.pdf">"SATA-IO Rolls Out USM Slim Specification for Thinner, Lighter External Storage"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. SATA-IO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222150433/https://www.sata-io.org/system/files/member-downloads/SATA-IO%20USM%20SLIM%20PR_Final_0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2014-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA-IO+Rolls+Out+USM+Slim+Specification+for+Thinner%2C+Lighter+External+Storage&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fmember-downloads%2FSATA-IO%2520USM%2520SLIM%2520PR_Final_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sata-io.org/power-management">"SATA Enables Life Unplugged"</a>. SATA-IO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140207100518/https://www.sata-io.org/power-management">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-02-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA+Enables+Life+Unplugged&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fpower-management&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/images/SATA-IO%20FAQ%20-%20071813a%20%283%29.pdf">"SATA-IO FAQ"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>What else is new in SATA specification v3.2?</i>. SATA-IO. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215234/https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/images/SATA-IO%20FAQ%20-%20071813a%20%283%29.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2013-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=What+else+is+new+in+SATA+specification+v3.2%3F&rft.atitle=SATA-IO+FAQ&rft.pages=2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fimages%2FSATA-IO%2520FAQ%2520-%2520071813a%2520%25283%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guruht.com/2013/08/sata-32-specifications-speed-and-design.html">First specifications leaked from SATA-IO</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130812043308/http://www.guruht.com/2013/08/sata-32-specifications-speed-and-design.html">Archived</a> 2013-08-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Serial ATA International Organization, GuruHT.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sata-3.3-announcement-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sata-3.3-announcement_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/images/SATA%20Spec%203%203%20Press%20Release_FINAL.pdf">"SATA-IO Expands Supported Features in Revision 3.3 Specification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/SATA-IO" class="mw-redirect" title="SATA-IO">SATA-IO</a>. 2016-02-16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703095413/http://sata-io.org/sites/default/files/images/SATA%20Spec%203%203%20Press%20Release_FINAL.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA-IO+Expands+Supported+Features+in+Revision+3.3+Specification&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft.date=2016-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fimages%2FSATA%2520Spec%25203%25203%2520Press%2520Release_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sata-io-faq-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sata-io-faq_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/SATA-IO%20FAQ%20.pdf">"SATA-IO Frequently Asked Questions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/SATA-IO" class="mw-redirect" title="SATA-IO">SATA-IO</a>. 2016-11-11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226150238/https://sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/SATA-IO%20FAQ%20.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-12-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA-IO+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft.date=2016-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsata-io.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FSATA-IO%2520FAQ%2520.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ATA/ATAPI Command Set 4 (ACS-4)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-power-disable-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-power-disable_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-power-disable_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hgst.com/sites/default/files/resources/HGST-Power-Disable-Pin-TB.pdf">"Power Disable Feature Tech Brief"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/HGST" title="HGST">HGST</a>. 2016-08-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121170759/http://www.hgst.com/sites/default/files/resources/HGST-Power-Disable-Pin-TB.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-11-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Power+Disable+Feature+Tech+Brief&rft.pub=HGST&rft.date=2016-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hgst.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fresources%2FHGST-Power-Disable-Pin-TB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sata-3.4-announcement-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sata-3.4-announcement_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/SATA%20Spec%20Rev%203%204%20PR%20FINAL.pdf">"SATA-IO Expands Supported Features in Revision 3.4 Specification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/SATA-IO" class="mw-redirect" title="SATA-IO">SATA-IO</a>. 2018-06-25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190615061806/https://sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/SATA%20Spec%20Rev%203%204%20PR%20FINAL.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2019-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA-IO+Expands+Supported+Features+in+Revision+3.4+Specification&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft.date=2018-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsata-io.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FSATA%2520Spec%2520Rev%25203%25204%2520PR%2520FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sata-3.5-announcement-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sata-3.5-announcement_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/SATA%20Spec%20Rev%203%205%20FINAL.pdf">"SATA-IO Increases Interoperability Features with Revision 3.5 Specification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/SATA-IO" class="mw-redirect" title="SATA-IO">SATA-IO</a>. 2020-07-15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200719142818/https://sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/SATA%20Spec%20Rev%203%205%20FINAL.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA-IO+Increases+Interoperability+Features+with+Revision+3.5+Specification&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft.date=2020-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsata-io.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FSATA%2520Spec%2520Rev%25203%25205%2520FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://superuser.com/questions/2086/can-i-install-a-laptop-2-5-sata-drive-on-a-desktop-without-any-adapters">"Can I install a laptop 2.5" SATA drive on a desktop without any adapters?"</a>. <i>superuser.com</i>. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202041211/http://superuser.com/questions/2086/can-i-install-a-laptop-2-5-sata-drive-on-a-desktop-without-any-adapters">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-12-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=superuser.com&rft.atitle=Can+I+install+a+laptop+2.5%22+SATA+drive+on+a+desktop+without+any+adapters%3F&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsuperuser.com%2Fquestions%2F2086%2Fcan-i-install-a-laptop-2-5-sata-drive-on-a-desktop-without-any-adapters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://techreport.com/discussions.x/17624">"Get ready for mini-SATA"</a>. The Tech Report. 2009-09-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090925002619/http://www.techreport.com/discussions.x/17624">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-09-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Get+ready+for+mini-SATA&rft.pub=The+Tech+Report&rft.date=2009-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftechreport.com%2Fdiscussions.x%2F17624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Serial ATA Revision 3.0 <i>6.1.8 Internal single-lane cable</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-allpinouts-sata-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-allpinouts-sata_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081108043955/http://www.allpinouts.org/index.php/Serial_ATA_%28SATA%2C_Serial_Advanced_Technology_Attachment%29">"Serial ATA (SATA, Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)"</a>. <i>allpinouts.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allpinouts.org/index.php/Serial_ATA_%28SATA,_Serial_Advanced_Technology_Attachment%29">the original</a> on 2008-11-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=allpinouts.org&rft.atitle=Serial+ATA+%28SATA%2C+Serial+Advanced+Technology+Attachment%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allpinouts.org%2Findex.php%2FSerial_ATA_%2528SATA%2C_Serial_Advanced_Technology_Attachment%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChuFrankCox2014" class="citation web cs1">Chu, Frank (HGST); Frank, James (Seagate); Cox, Alvin (Seagate) (3 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sata-io.org/sites/default/files/TPR056r13_SATA32_EnableNewPowerDisableFeatureOnStandardSATA.pdf">"SATA3.2 TPR056 Enable new Power Disable feature on standard SATA connector P3"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA3.2+TPR056+Enable+new+Power+Disable+feature+on+standard+SATA+connector+P3&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft.aulast=Chu&rft.aufirst=Frank+%28HGST%29&rft.au=Frank%2C+James+%28Seagate%29&rft.au=Cox%2C+Alvin+%28Seagate%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsata-io.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FTPR056r13_SATA32_EnableNewPowerDisableFeatureOnStandardSATA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamsung_Electronics2014" class="citation web cs1">Samsung Electronics (26 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://semiconductor.samsung.com/resources/others/Samsung_SSD_845DC_01_Device_Activity_Signal_DAS.pdf">"Device Activity Signal (DAS) Application Note"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serial+ATA+Revision+3.2+Technical+Proposal+%23058%3A+DAS%2FDSS%2FDHU+Changes&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft.au=SATA-IO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsata-io.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FTPR058v3_SATA32_DAS%252BDSS%252BDHU_Changes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSATA-IO2015" class="citation web cs1">SATA-IO (11 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sata-io.org/sites/default/files/ECN089v6_SATA32_DSS_DAS_SupportClarifications.pdf">"Serial ATA Revision 3.2 Error Correction #089: DAS/DSS support clarifications"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pinouts.ru&rft.atitle=Serial+ATA+%28SATA%29+power+connector+pinout+and+connections+%40&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpinouts.ru%2FPower%2Fsata-power_pinout.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sata-io.org/system/files/member-downloads/SATA-IOAdvancesTechnologyWithTheSATARevision2.6Spec.pdf">"Press release: SATA-IO ADVANCES TECHNOLOGY WITH THE SATA REVISION 2.6 SPEC"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. SATA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170829210356/https://www.sata-io.org/system/files/member-downloads/SATA-IOAdvancesTechnologyWithTheSATARevision2.6Spec.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-08-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+release%3A+SATA-IO+ADVANCES+TECHNOLOGY+WITH+THE+SATA+REVISION+2.6+SPEC&rft.pub=SATA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsata-io.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fmember-downloads%2FSATA-IOAdvancesTechnologyWithTheSATARevision2.6Spec.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amazon-msata-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-amazon-msata_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amazon-msata_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130802043631/http://www.amazon.com/gp/richpub/syltguides/fullview/RBX0KM9DMNFEJ">"Understand the difference: micro-SATA vs. mSATA"</a>. <i>amazon.com</i>. 2013-02-23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/richpub/syltguides/fullview/RBX0KM9DMNFEJ">the original</a> on 2013-08-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amazon.com&rft.atitle=Understand+the+difference%3A+micro-SATA+vs.+mSATA&rft.date=2013-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Frichpub%2Fsyltguides%2Ffullview%2FRBX0KM9DMNFEJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201206224112/https://www.seagate.com/www-content/support-content/samsung/internal-products/spinpoint-m-series/en-us/docs/100772113c.pdf">"Seagate® Laptop HDD SATA 2.5" Product Manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>seagate.com</i>. January 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seagate.com/www-content/support-content/samsung/internal-products/spinpoint-m-series/en-us/docs/100772113c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-12-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=seagate.com&rft.atitle=Seagate%C2%AE+Laptop+HDD+SATA+2.5%22+Product+Manual&rft.date=2016-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seagate.com%2Fwww-content%2Fsupport-content%2Fsamsung%2Finternal-products%2Fspinpoint-m-series%2Fen-us%2Fdocs%2F100772113c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.howtogeek.com/347878/what-do-the-electrical-pins-on-the-back-of-your-hard-drive-do/">"What Do The Jumper Pins On The Back Of Your Hard Drive Do?"</a>. <i>howtogeek.com</i>. 5 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=howtogeek.com&rft.atitle=What+Do+The+Jumper+Pins+On+The+Back+Of+Your+Hard+Drive+Do%3F&rft.date=2018-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.howtogeek.com%2F347878%2Fwhat-do-the-electrical-pins-on-the-back-of-your-hard-drive-do%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207000458/http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/smartmontools/wiki/USB">"USB – smartmontools"</a>. <i>sourceforge.net</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hddlife.com&rft.atitle=Questions+about+the+indicators+of+health%2Fperformance+%28in+percent%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hddlife.com%2Feng%2Ffaq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100613100125/http://sata-io.org/documents/External%20SATA%20WP%2011-09.pdf">"External Serial ATA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Silicon Image, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sata-io.org/documents/External%20SATA%20WP%2011-09.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=External+Serial+ATA&rft.pub=Silicon+Image%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fdocuments%2FExternal%2520SATA%2520WP%252011-09.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-addonics_cardbus-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-addonics_cardbus_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.addonics.com/products/adcb2sa-e.php">"CardBus SATA adapter"</a>. <i>addonics.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104205549/http://www.addonics.com/products/adcb2sa-e.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=addonics.com&rft.atitle=CardBus+SATA+adapter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.addonics.com%2Fproducts%2Fadcb2sa-e.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-addonics_expresscard-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-addonics_expresscard_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.addonics.com/products/adexc34-2e.php">"ExpressCard SATA adapter"</a>. <i>addonics.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111129201348/http://www.addonics.com/products/adexc34-2e.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-11-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=addonics.com&rft.atitle=ExpressCard+SATA+adapter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.addonics.com%2Fproducts%2Fadexc34-2e.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.addonics.com/technologies/euhp.php">"Addonics Technology: Hybrid eSATA (eSATA USB hybrid) interface"</a>. <i>addonics.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111030192542/http://www.addonics.com/technologies/euhp.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=addonics.com&rft.atitle=Addonics+Technology%3A+Hybrid+eSATA+%28eSATA+USB+hybrid%29+interface&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.addonics.com%2Ftechnologies%2Feuhp.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/SATA-Revision-3.0-FAQ-FINAL.pdf">"Frequently Asked Questions About SATA 6 Gbit/s and the SATA Revision 3.0 Specification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. May–June 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222150446/https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/SATA-Revision-3.0-FAQ-FINAL.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2014-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+About+SATA+6+Gbit%2Fs+and+the+SATA+Revision+3.0+Specification&rft.date=2009-05%2F2009-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FSATA-Revision-3.0-FAQ-FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726065816/http://www.sata-io.org/documents/mSATA-press%20release-v9.pdf">"mSATA Press Release"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sata-io.org/documents/mSATA-press%20release-v9.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=mSATA+Press+Release&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fdocuments%2FmSATA-press%2520release-v9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110112092850/http://download.intel.com/design/flash/nand/324042.pdf">"Intel 310 SSD"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.intel.com/design/flash/nand/324042.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intel+310+SSD&rft.pub=Intel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdownload.intel.com%2Fdesign%2Fflash%2Fnand%2F324042.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-snia-webcast-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-snia-webcast_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_HandyJon_TanguyJaren_MayDavid_Akerson2014" class="citation web cs1">Jim Handy; Jon Tanguy; Jaren May; David Akerson; Eden Kim; Tom Coughlin (September 20, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snia.org/sites/default/files/SSSI%20M%202%20Webcast%20Slides%20v10fnl.pdf">"SNIA Webcast: All About M.2 SSDs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Storage_Networking_Industry_Association" title="Storage Networking Industry Association">SNIA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SNIA+Webcast%3A+All+About+M.2+SSDs&rft.pub=SNIA&rft.date=2014-09-20&rft.au=Jim+Handy&rft.au=Jon+Tanguy&rft.au=Jaren+May&rft.au=David+Akerson&rft.au=Eden+Kim&rft.au=Tom+Coughlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnia.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FSSSI%2520M%25202%2520Webcast%2520Slides%2520v10fnl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wdc-sff-8784-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wdc-sff-8784_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wdc-sff-8784_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wdc-sff-8784_74-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdc.com/wdproducts/library/SpecSheet/ENG/2579-771981.pdf">"SFF-8784 Edge Connector Pin Definitions: Information Sheet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Western_Digital" title="Western Digital">Western Digital</a>. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150226113204/http://www.wdc.com/wdproducts/library/SpecSheet/ENG/2579-771981.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 26, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SFF-8784+Edge+Connector+Pin+Definitions%3A+Information+Sheet&rft.pub=Western+Digital&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdc.com%2Fwdproducts%2Flibrary%2FSpecSheet%2FENG%2F2579-771981.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sata-io.org/sata-revision-32">"SATA Revision 3.2"</a>. SATA-IO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130809202201/https://www.sata-io.org/sata-revision-32">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA+Revision+3.2&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fsata-revision-32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/MM_Nereus_Signage_Print_0719.pdf">"Connector Mating Matrix"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/SATA-IO" class="mw-redirect" title="SATA-IO">SATA-IO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004231134/https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/MM_Nereus_Signage_Print_0719.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2013-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Connector+Mating+Matrix&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FMM_Nereus_Signage_Print_0719.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sata-io-sata-express-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sata-io-sata-express_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sata-io.org/sata-express">"Enabling Higher Speed Storage Applications with SATA Express"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SATA-IO" class="mw-redirect" title="SATA-IO">SATA-IO</a>. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140207141458/https://www.sata-io.org/sata-express">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-02-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enabling+Higher+Speed+Storage+Applications+with+SATA+Express&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fsata-express&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Wassenberg2013" class="citation web cs1">Paul Wassenberg (2013-06-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/SATA%20Express%20-%20CS%202013.pdf">"SATA Express: PCIe Client Storage"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA_International_Organization" title="Serial ATA International Organization">SATA-IO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004222635/https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/SATA%20Express%20-%20CS%202013.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2013-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA+Express%3A+PCIe+Client+Storage&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft.date=2013-06-25&rft.au=Paul+Wassenberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FSATA%2520Express%2520-%2520CS%25202013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDave_Landsman" class="citation web cs1">Dave Landsman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/NVMe%20and%20AHCI%20as%20SATA%20Express%20Interface%20Options%20-%20Whitepaper_.pdf">"AHCI and NVMe as Interfaces for SATA Express Devices – Overview"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. SanDisk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005000700/https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/NVMe%20and%20AHCI%20as%20SATA%20Express%20Interface%20Options%20-%20Whitepaper_.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2013-10-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AHCI+and+NVMe+as+Interfaces+for+SATA+Express+Devices+%E2%80%93+Overview&rft.pub=SanDisk&rft.au=Dave+Landsman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FNVMe%2520and%2520AHCI%2520as%2520SATA%2520Express%2520Interface%2520Options%2520-%2520Whitepaper_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sata-io-m.2-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sata-io-m.2_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sata-io-m.2_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sata-io-m.2_81-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sata-io.org/sata-m2-card">"SATA M.2 Card"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA_International_Organization" title="Serial ATA International Organization">SATA-IO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003103042/https://www.sata-io.org/sata-m2-card">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SATA+M.2+Card&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fsata-m2-card&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wccftech.com/intel-ssd-530-series-arriving-august-2013-feature-ngff-m2-interface/">"Intel SSD 530 Series Arriving Next Week – Feature NGFF M.2 Interface"</a>. WCCF Tech. 2 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130905063322/http://wccftech.com/intel-ssd-530-series-arriving-august-2013-feature-ngff-m2-interface/">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intel+SSD+530+Series+Arriving+Next+Week+%E2%80%93+Feature+NGFF+M.2+Interface&rft.pub=WCCF+Tech&rft.date=2013-07-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwccftech.com%2Fintel-ssd-530-series-arriving-august-2013-feature-ngff-m2-interface%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.te.com/commerce/DocumentDelivery/DDEController?Action=srchrtrv&DocNm=1-1773702-1NGFFQRG-EN&DocType=DS&DocLang=EN">"M.2 (NGFF) Quick Reference Guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tyco Electronics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130810182247/http://www.te.com/commerce/DocumentDelivery/DDEController?Action=srchrtrv&DocNm=1-1773702-1NGFFQRG-EN&DocType=DS&DocLang=EN">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-08-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M.2+%28NGFF%29+Quick+Reference+Guide&rft.pub=Tyco+Electronics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.te.com%2Fcommerce%2FDocumentDelivery%2FDDEController%3FAction%3Dsrchrtrv%26DocNm%3D1-1773702-1NGFFQRG-EN%26DocType%3DDS%26DocLang%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pinoutguide.com/HD/U.2_SATA_connector_pinout.shtml">"U.2 connector SATA, SAS, PCI-e signals assignments"</a>. <i>pinoutguide.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pinoutguide.com&rft.atitle=U.2+connector+SATA%2C+SAS%2C+PCI-e+signals+assignments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpinoutguide.com%2FHD%2FU.2_SATA_connector_pinout.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sata-io.org/port-multipliers">"Port Multipliers"</a>. SATA-IO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140825194748/http://www.sata-io.org/port-multipliers">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Port+Multipliers&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fport-multipliers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120327214126/http://www.sata-io.org/documents/serialata%20-%20a%20comparison%20with%20ultra%20ata%20technology.pdf">"A comparison with Ultra ATA Technology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. SATA-IO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sata-io.org/documents/serialata%20-%20a%20comparison%20with%20ultra%20ata%20technology.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+comparison+with+Ultra+ATA+Technology&rft.pub=SATA-IO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fdocuments%2Fserialata%2520-%2520a%2520comparison%2520with%2520ultra%2520ata%2520technology.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support-en.wd.com/app/answers/detailweb/a_id/1991">"Windows: Install Serial ATA, EIDE, SSD Drive and Set Jumper Settings"</a>. <i>Western Digital</i>. 20 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221130233258/https://support-en.wd.com/app/answers/detailweb/a_id/1991">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Western+Digital&rft.atitle=Windows%3A+Install+Serial+ATA%2C+EIDE%2C+SSD+Drive+and+Set+Jumper+Settings&rft.date=2018-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport-en.wd.com%2Fapp%2Fanswers%2Fdetailweb%2Fa_id%2F1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ultra-640 is specified, but devices do not exist</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">FIS-based switching is comparable to SCSI's tagged command queueing</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delock.de/mail/esatap/esatap.html">"eSATAp Application"</a>. <i>delock.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315211713/http://www.delock.de/mail/esatap/esatap.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-03-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=delock.de&rft.atitle=eSATAp+Application&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delock.de%2Fmail%2Fesatap%2Fesatap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121126012320/https://sata-io.org/documents/SATA-6Gbs-Fast-Just-Got-Faster.pdf">"Fast Just Got Faster: SATA 6Gbit/s"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>sata-io.org</i>. May 27, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sata-io.org/documents/SATA-6Gbs-Fast-Just-Got-Faster.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sata-io.org&rft.atitle=Fast+Just+Got+Faster%3A+SATA+6Gbit%2Fs&rft.date=2009-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sata-io.org%2Fdocuments%2FSATA-6Gbs-Fast-Just-Got-Faster.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sata-io.org/sites/default/files/images/SATA-IO-English-Brochure-May-2009.pdf">"Designing Serial ATA For Today's Applications and Tomorrow's Storage Needs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>sata-io.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111101171659/https://www.sata-io.org/documents/SATA-IO-English-Brochure-May-2009.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2011-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sata-io.org&rft.atitle=Designing+Serial+ATA+For+Today%27s+Applications+and+Tomorrow%27s+Storage+Needs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsata-io.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fimages%2FSATA-IO-English-Brochure-May-2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple-FW-dev-notes-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple-FW-dev-notes_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple-FW-dev-notes_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081010172926/http://developer.apple.com/documentation/HardwareDrivers/Conceptual/HWTech_FireWire/Articles/FireW_concepts.html">"FireWire Developer Note: FireWire Concepts"</a>. Apple Developer Connection. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/HardwareDrivers/Conceptual/HWTech_FireWire/Articles/FireW_concepts.html">the original</a> on 10 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FireWire+Developer+Note%3A+FireWire+Concepts&rft.pub=Apple+Developer+Connection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.apple.com%2Fdocumentation%2FHardwareDrivers%2FConceptual%2FHWTech_FireWire%2FArticles%2FFireW_concepts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16_cables-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16_cables_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">16 cables can be daisy chained up to 72 m</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howse-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Howse_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howse_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowse2014" class="citation web cs1">Howse, Brett (September 17, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anandtech.com/show/8539/usb-power-delivery-v20-and-billboard-device-class-v10-specifications-finalized">"USB Power Delivery v2.0 Specification Finalized - USB Gains Alternate Modes"</a>. AnandTech. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150124194624/http://www.anandtech.com/show/8539/usb-power-delivery-v20-and-billboard-device-class-v10-specifications-finalized">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-01-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USB+Power+Delivery+v2.0+Specification+Finalized+-+USB+Gains+Alternate+Modes&rft.pub=AnandTech&rft.date=2014-09-17&rft.aulast=Howse&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anandtech.com%2Fshow%2F8539%2Fusb-power-delivery-v20-and-billboard-device-class-v10-specifications-finalized&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USB_3_Quickie_Intro-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USB_3_Quickie_Intro_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USB_3_Quickie_Intro_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrenzel2008" class="citation web cs1">Frenzel, Louis E. (September 25, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120503115304/http://electronicdesign.com/article/test-and-measurement/usb-3-0-protocol-analyzer-jumpstarts-4-8-gbit-s-i-">"USB 3.0 Protocol Analyzer Jumpstarts 4.8-Gbit/s I/O Projects"</a>. Electronic Design. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electronicdesign.com/article/test-and-measurement/usb-3-0-protocol-analyzer-jumpstarts-4-8-gbit-s-i-">the original</a> on May 3, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USB+3.0+Protocol+Analyzer+Jumpstarts+4.8-Gbit%2Fs+I%2FO+Projects&rft.pub=Electronic+Design&rft.date=2008-09-25&rft.aulast=Frenzel&rft.aufirst=Louis+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felectronicdesign.com%2Farticle%2Ftest-and-measurement%2Fusb-3-0-protocol-analyzer-jumpstarts-4-8-gbit-s-i-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514223430/http://www.usb.org/developers/docs/usb_30_spec_020411d.zip"><i>Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 3.0</i></a>. 20 December 2012. p. 75 (4–4.11). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usb.org/developers/docs/usb_30_spec_122012.zip">the original</a> on 2011-05-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Universal+Serial+Bus+Specification+Revision+3.0&rft.pages=75+%284-4.11%29&rft.date=2012-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usb.org%2Fdevelopers%2Fdocs%2Fusb_30_spec_122012.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinich2007" class="citation web cs1">Minich, Makia (25 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080315111431/http://download.intel.com/design/network/products/optical/cables/ornl.pdf">"Infiniband Based Cable Comparison"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.intel.com/design/network/products/optical/cables/ornl.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Infiniband+Based+Cable+Comparison&rft.date=2007-06-25&rft.aulast=Minich&rft.aufirst=Makia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdownload.intel.com%2Fdesign%2Fnetwork%2Fproducts%2Foptical%2Fcables%2Fornl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldman2007" class="citation news cs1">Feldman, Michael (17 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120329103925/http://archive.hpcwire.com/hpc/1729056.html">"Optical Cables Light Up InfiniBand"</a>. <i>HPCwire</i>. Tabor Publications & Events. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.hpcwire.com/hpc/1729056.html">the original</a> on 29 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HPCwire&rft.atitle=Optical+Cables+Light+Up+InfiniBand&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2007-07-17&rft.aulast=Feldman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.hpcwire.com%2Fhpc%2F1729056.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASATA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SATA&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA" class="extiw" title="commons:Serial ATA"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Serial ATA</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Serial_ATA" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Serial ATA">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sata-io.org/">Serial ATA International Organization (SATA-IO)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eetimes.com/design/eda-design/4018543/Serial-ATA-and-the-evolution-in-data-storage-technology">EETimes Serial ATA and the evolution in data storage technology, Mohamed A. 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aria-labelledby="Technical_and_de_facto_standards_for_wired_computer_buses477" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Computer bus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Technical_and_de_facto_standards_for_wired_computer_buses477" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Technical</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_facto_standard" title="De facto standard"><i>de facto</i> standards</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wired_communication" title="Wired communication">wired</a> <a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">computer buses</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/System_bus" title="System bus">System bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front-side_bus" title="Front-side bus">Front-side bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-side_bus" title="Back-side bus">Back-side bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_chain_(electrical_engineering)" title="Daisy chain (electrical engineering)">Daisy chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_bus" title="Control bus">Control bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Address_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Address bus">Address bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_contention" title="Bus contention">Bus contention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_mastering" title="Bus mastering">Bus mastering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_on_a_chip" title="Network on a chip">Network on a chip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_and_play" title="Plug and play">Plug and play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interface_bit_rates#Computer_buses" title="List of interface bit rates">List of bus bandwidths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-50_bus" title="SS-50 bus">SS-50 bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-100_bus" title="S-100 bus">S-100 bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">Multibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unibus" title="Unibus">Unibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAXBI_bus" title="VAXBI bus">VAXBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBus_(SPARC)" title="MBus (SPARC)">MBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STD_Bus" title="STD Bus">STD Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-Bus" title="Q-Bus">Q-Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Card_Bus" title="Europe Card Bus">Europe Card Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Industry Standard Architecture">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEbus" title="STEbus">STEbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_II" title="Amiga Zorro II">Zorro II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_III" title="Amiga Zorro III">Zorro III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Automated_Measurement_and_Control" title="Computer Automated Measurement and Control">CAMAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASTBUS" title="FASTBUS">FASTBUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Pin_Count" title="Low Pin Count">LPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Precision_Bus" title="HP Precision Bus">HP Precision Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Extended Industry Standard Architecture">EISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMEbus" title="VMEbus">VME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VME_eXtensions_for_Instrumentation" title="VME eXtensions for Instrumentation">VXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VXS" title="VXS">VXS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPX" title="VPX">VPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuBus" title="NuBus">NuBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TURBOchannel" title="TURBOchannel">TURBOchannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Channel_architecture" title="Micro Channel architecture">MCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBus" title="SBus">SBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VESA_Local_Bus" title="VESA Local Bus">VLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSC_bus" title="GSC bus">HP GSC bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand">InfiniBand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Port_Architecture" title="Ultra Port Architecture">UPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect" title="Peripheral Component Interconnect">PCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI-X" title="PCI-X">PCI Extended (PCI-X)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_eXtensions_for_Instrumentation" title="PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation">PXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express (PCIe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Port" title="Accelerated Graphics Port">AGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compute_Express_Link" title="Compute Express Link">Compute Express Link (CXL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Media_Interface" title="Direct Media Interface">Direct Media Interface (DMI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RapidIO" title="RapidIO">RapidIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnect" title="Intel QuickPath Interconnect">Intel QuickPath Interconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVLink" title="NVLink">NVLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperTransport" title="HyperTransport">HyperTransport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_Fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Infinity Fabric">Infinity Fabric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Ultra_Path_Interconnect" title="Intel Ultra Path Interconnect">Intel Ultra Path Interconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coherent_Accelerator_Processor_Interface" title="Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface">Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceWire" title="SpaceWire">SpaceWire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ST-506/ST-412" title="ST-506/ST-412">ST-506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Small_Disk_Interface" title="Enhanced Small Disk Interface">ESDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Disk_Interconnect" title="Standard Disk Interconnect">SDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Peripheral_Interface" title="Intelligent Peripheral Interface">IPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_Module_Device" title="Storage Module Device">SMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">Parallel ATA (PATA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_and_Tag" title="Bus and Tag">Bus and Tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Storage_Systems_Interconnect" title="Digital Storage Systems Interconnect">DSSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIPPI" title="HIPPI">HIPPI</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Serial ATA (SATA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI">SAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESCON" title="ESCON">ESCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Storage_Architecture" title="Serial Storage Architecture">SSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA_Express" title="SATA Express">SATAe</a></li> <li>PCI Express (via <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" title="Advanced Host Controller Interface">AHCI</a> or <a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVMe</a> logical device interface)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peripheral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Apple Desktop Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_SIO" title="Atari SIO">Atari SIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Control_Bus" title="Digital Control Bus">DCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_bus" title="Commodore bus">Commodore bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP-IL" title="HP-IL">HP-IL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIL_bus" title="HIL bus">HIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">RS-422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-423" title="RS-423">RS-423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-485" title="RS-485">RS-485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_(connector)" title="Lightning (connector)">Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMX512#DMX512-A" title="DMX512">DMX512-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE-488" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE-488">IEEE-488 (GPIB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1284" title="IEEE 1284">IEEE-1284 (parallel port)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">IEEE-1394 (FireWire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNI/O" title="UNI/O">UNI/O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Wire" title="1-Wire">1-Wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C2%B2C" title="I²C">I²C</a> (<a href="/wiki/ACCESS.bus" title="ACCESS.bus">ACCESS.bus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_Management_Bus" title="Power Management Bus">PMBus</a>, <a href="/wiki/System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I3C_(bus)" title="I3C (bus)">I3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface" title="Serial Peripheral Interface">SPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61030" title="IEC 61030">D²B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel SCSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profibus" title="Profibus">Profibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Link" title="Camera Link">Camera Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express#PCI_Express_External_Cabling" title="PCI Express">External PCIe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAT_Lightpipe" title="ADAT Lightpipe">ADAT Lightpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES3" title="AES3">AES3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_High_Definition_Audio" title="Intel High Definition Audio">Intel HD Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C2%B2S" title="I²S">I²S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MADI" title="MADI">MADI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McASP" title="McASP">McASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOSLINK" title="TOSLINK">TOSLINK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PC Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExpressCard" title="ExpressCard">ExpressCard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Embedded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multidrop_bus" title="Multidrop bus">Multidrop bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoreConnect" title="CoreConnect">CoreConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Microcontroller_Bus_Architecture" title="Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture">AMBA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Advanced_eXtensible_Interface" title="Advanced eXtensible Interface">AXI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishbone_(computer_bus)" title="Wishbone (computer bus)">Wishbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLIMbus" title="SLIMbus">SLIMbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.</small><br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_buses" title="Category:Computer buses">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Solid-state_drives316" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solid-state_drive" title="Template:Solid-state drive"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solid-state_drive" title="Template talk:Solid-state drive"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solid-state_drive" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Solid-state drive"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Solid-state_drives316" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">Solid-state drives</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction" title="Error detection and correction">ECC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_file_system" title="Flash file system">Flash file system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">Flash memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-level_cell" title="Multi-level cell">SLC/MLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory_controller" title="Flash memory controller">Flash memory controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbage_collection_(SSD)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garbage collection (SSD)">Garbage collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOPS" title="IOPS">IOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_rate" title="Bit rate">MB/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory#Memory_wear" title="Flash memory">Memory wear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-channel_SSD" title="Open-channel SSD">Open-channel SSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_amplification#Over-provisioning" title="Write amplification">Over-provisioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory#Read_disturb" title="Flash memory">Read disturb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_amplification#Secure_erase" title="Write amplification">Secure erase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_storage" title="Solid-state storage">Solid-state storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trim_(computing)" title="Trim (computing)">Trim command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wear_leveling" title="Wear leveling">Wear leveling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_amplification" title="Write amplification">Write amplification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flash manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SK_Hynix" title="SK Hynix">SK Hynix</a> <ul><li>Bought <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>'s NAND flash SSD business and renamed it Solidigm</li></ul></li> <li>Flash Forward (joint venture between <a href="/wiki/Western_Digital" title="Western Digital">Western Digital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Memory_Technologies" title="Yangtze Memory Technologies">YMTC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XMC_(company)" title="XMC (company)">XMC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_flash_memory_controller_manufacturers" title="List of flash memory controller manufacturers">Controllers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Captive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Digital" title="Western Digital">Western Digital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SanDisk" title="SanDisk">SanDisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion-io" title="Fusion-io">Fusion-io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HGST" title="HGST">HGST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STec" title="STec">sTec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OCZ" title="OCZ">OCZ</a> (bankrupt, assets sold to Toshiba, which later spun off its SSD and flash business to Kioxia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indilinx" title="Indilinx">Indilinx</a> (bought by OCZ)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SandForce" title="SandForce">SandForce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SK_Hynix" title="SK Hynix">SK Hynix</a> <ul><li>Bought <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>'s NAND flash SSD business including controllers and renamed it Solidigm</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FADU&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FADU (page does not exist)">FADU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenliant_Systems" title="Greenliant Systems">Greenliant Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goke_Microelectronics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goke Microelectronics (page does not exist)">Goke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JMicron" title="JMicron">Maxiotek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Marvell Technology Group">Marvell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phison" title="Phison">Phison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PMC-Sierra" title="PMC-Sierra">PMC-Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Motion" title="Silicon Motion">SMI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SSD manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_solid-state_drive_manufacturers" title="List of solid-state drive manufacturers">List of solid-state drive manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" title="Advanced Host Controller Interface">Advanced Host Controller Interface</a> (AHCI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a> (FC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVM Express</a> (NVMe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> (PCIe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA_Express" title="SATA Express">SATA Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ATA">Serial ATA</a> (SATA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_attached_SCSI" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial attached SCSI">Serial attached SCSI</a> (SAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">Universal Serial Bus</a> (USB)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Configurations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive#Form_factors" title="Hard disk drive">HDD form factors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSATA" class="mw-redirect" title="MSATA">mSATA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M.2" title="M.2">M.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> <a href="/wiki/Expansion_card" title="Expansion card">expansion card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USB-C" title="USB-C">USB Type-C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.2" title="U.2">U.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.3" class="mw-redirect" title="U.3">U.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDSFF" class="mw-redirect" title="EDSFF">EDSFF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_for_Information_Technology_Standards" title="International Committee for Information Technology Standards">INCITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEDEC" title="JEDEC">JEDEC / JC-42, JC-64.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_NAND_Flash_Interface_Working_Group" title="Open NAND Flash Interface Working Group">ONFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVM_Express#History" title="NVM Express">NVMHCI Work Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB_Implementers_Forum" title="USB Implementers Forum">USB-IF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA_International_Organization" title="Serial ATA International Organization">SATA-IO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Form_Factor_Committee" title="Small Form Factor Committee">SFF Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_Networking_Industry_Association" title="Storage Networking Industry Association">SNIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_state_storage_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid state storage initiative">SSSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">T10/SCSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">T11/FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">T13/ATA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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