CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134b2925b11448a',cH: 'stl7zRiMFePY.TK_o6rOyMk60qtnvLLh_IgjAM1u02g-1739783985-1.2.1.1-s3CqJYoBWaSWEbBTUHIXyr6_FuIBS3Dasj2ufoueSEg7fcCG_coJ4OMPw1JgWAph',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=urban%20computation&__cf_chl_tk=lueORbwUj6bCRWCjatvZsVrIsd5I21zRTbOKy0KK3aU-1739783985-1.0.1.1-GSzgP2vjUG1Zr5KzssXGBYI1.euBTWnO83yJLCSUJ.U",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783985',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=urban%20computation&__cf_chl_f_tk=lueORbwUj6bCRWCjatvZsVrIsd5I21zRTbOKy0KK3aU-1739783985-1.0.1.1-GSzgP2vjUG1Zr5KzssXGBYI1.euBTWnO83yJLCSUJ.U",md: "ReCi8jOg5S5NRczfezNbAPVpjVJagvbGtaSgHc8li5Y-1739783985-1.2.1.1-rEfoz7A5f0mS2SKPr8IyuPS59OOJNflyzFoXN9.5gWfqf0CL38XXJxPgfnvNLhSeRFXu3AsodusfuZy.0MaDGjRrXTOjVQdorlUOG.i9q1sgyQFcEaEnBiuDmsy8Tm1F5t5giTpInyJdFNWVH2rM.zWSop1F43CWql6QXYZ6CpF.JFYBqio5xJajJtyhzteqQSOye.d5Pod7XJ1Y01WtEJxbn4cn3n3Ek1ugK9xB4mjY.HUzdvTB_kXx5hDrep3QZ9VMIcBZm207C.3JDoqfMH5.GR2Rxn8.M3JlUP2KyRUDoG5F8J7JORH02nrqdHj.pSwPoZvvSz1hYys8a7kn3cHz2wDLmITp9pqyu4Hi1dkuoXZTsYqhGPKvi2Nsu7zrcdyJKzoRSMWeeWJ5KuXw_7K4srQtUhih8BJOmXcRy_Q7A6Gz_1dnuqtXwg9XqqkUt4J9.O93b8UT5zJEurjbdvB.xauRDY4zwHJalw6h3_hx_.nZOzr03ZdDH3bhnssifyhF6Csy3F6dEc.1QhjnMbf0UdMgw_670.J.KBU61nusoo4PFDBX4nICQSNF98Axn869wwuZEa2HrwobeHFQ3AzyYW6OVO23.JPhQ1W1PBmff8OYI94TyeQKJWzFyx99xnzAD.YMhc4hH5KHZGWeMMbL6CozrANi3DZwDso.OPd5RzRFCMKJqncv1H0_CJ1KymYdgql6N_gE9.EG5HpWrVW.aGgQw1PV8aCsKa.1iY3yIgnveTxwfQka_mjchpVsTpQYyUBenXDArQ9YtG6bCw5hyCd99uGghhQydlXRvjDszlDDQhTUdDAvv49YPenEFjEXSG9na1xCk7sAfBw8A6xmSutn2.GImmfZca3quyziR2xYRFMI6sMjCy9tAxM.1DCFdHw5FaSWm1lh5TcztYl0WCk6HzLml.s3uTDoeb.ISke45rsqC2Y0qVMmnHQE7j.9rbOe4WfvlaFA4JwBupUR7VNJYk4_OpVGckOlR4caZhdGHFRofqytUDKwjXRcnLbEm_anAdUQzyDIsKoiF6A7o2qHlfb.8VLzozggxpYJZYjeDc6nzV0qHuOO.8Q2z7Vt9DJGWu2hrUUmT9K.qKZagaK_6pQVWX6Aqnf3pIhrZZFViflJZrHF591_pmTTJc8yQJCCA0LzcJ64Lfmv5ahMglgsTrn159ckQH5UFTZn8gWcSOQSHCwJmria1Qa8hqCHH4GFSaJaFY0NrfFBXcC5JPnX7XgQetaepEC11V7Qoc2Jg3ZQ2ZD5xLfu2GUjpI.L_qxBilRgbUCplwlxY7prm0iOTG8kZMPQP2x54RqE1r_3Z3AP4mVbuFmbhXB59YY0NOdOGYYi..GtAaUkrljYFCthUOiGk8Qbpe4Dt88POARxrLWKpeSurbB_dWklOAh0LacgLI5jpqikcoP_GoDs_uLj6NBLzvwlBLpYaj.BOFzN4vvJFNBG.LYn.GmxvSCggnHn4JkujhyFcCDt8jeqKmBFOiR.9GnjHimgv6N9p5i00_fBDdiLAQlxRbNwILhshDPbYMNtCU.r4y574CYJtrbaftzRNPHRhGJqtUdRd9586b8LU4NHEzcmc3CwPk175qmL7CqZaHnA0UZTBfgMA9NHzf7gJL8O.pZna2HbNg7vbk6aqfRl2qKAU0pFhzYZbUm0R5oLhACrF3M5kCWDkNBU5W9sTrIfqw7M1oOgaCSszBSNTS8aIkqDeEwBQUrwKLopEBfwK0woLgg7cOHDx8.ruLP2yew4k7TyPoKHoDn5WCJK178kTnJOyqzcomWxc.XPrmAnXQW40sfW5ZE9HXz_BNb8zV7aTJA0MV9HvePqHInvFT4M.7yB1Qd_Yq8_WkR.ICcmgxWZiI1URk8JEo6XSXd4NPIwPdum8aJesSYKJgYqSBlDSAX_M8NmRbGxb.C0OPhIlbolnEcQsh3Z4wcRGvgAvihk9NkgkqQ",mdrd: "gyiP7vW0Id1N.CMQw3l7fqvEyTdpPHvMxXhBICeeAdk-1739783985-1.2.1.1-9s15k4iRiqECmYBGvkHtU_2p2sPx9EuAivxXDBWTJ_avn6dos2EgY7CmPIm9iU_lw4m3NF3qdQ57pEnlqq2awkBLpPX90gDxIa82Bwsl26TjBsKKlIhg6unLWNrdzI_1Ee4xPug3J4aJU7x_OAKuMJSbW9eki1nhrzj_TBdGDGsI5FgTgYj8UigXNGvgFe_nSkGi1Ep.5ZkPSM0RRLGNy0Ex.qoMZBqBs38ouiwia.lRwEVCIDLNSbcrgzjY.zfshHbmUjdrMmjv87ET0hrUoqPbTkOwif4fvDJ24RDkxe47eZspmsKfK0M9u4gq0SQVfA4_eacWrB_YxhLoCmPJ5MtbakghxvQERutzQwQwsPGGOIQSEUxuZzd6DEkz8ICd8MAZDTv2hEpJyEbzw4BhRnlWrvkF1ExuRsd.cDmHn.cLGaHiHrhp2cWm7AH2kB2nu2aprvjcnDOfBIRD_UWer.ULodb61aO0hA2ThKq2L.H6nwtGxeG0TpoSnN8jSiJtvjU_1OQBv4CNKcP_YNIcwhcaH5he4Xu1bGYn8mOq1glFGAsyr1QKtFWE7TXEafuweBoB.zoc_SeDDJ1mdCKQ7hkEeVMAMnutxTZ3nHGlNRm4Eo0brXHQykxF7GEW1zNceDnSP2byauIV4PSv1pV94CY7_WiUrjPGQxQt2hwM9vfkznST0rv5wIRLS4KB6I.RosVBDypjnFy9MJ7KCsc_HFjTn.OQV87YalOnPS_mz01GNMS3jmA0x9ArO4z7mdizE8uj.a7udSGOJTspI1aanlsQ77ivOOErO9VsHW8tDcbfZkmfb2O_1uRmDkNZ7gR2LCsZK3gkk5LBs21BU_WCcaQyEpTyQGedGXbvWXAYRJLMRc43KlnEINzdIwEx7Zjv2myvcD3eMJzpC56mDKPNUyutZwTTSwjqBp1xFq5UbAAWm26SWt79kpHKbX4SDJZjN6s.3c9sijFhi7av2.3XKCRZ6RzANDNT7TnIG6Mmt.86zs7zLgmpedds4BlglIgQganq9iUxeoB9jbSklr4zwPRzQIOjR.Gjh_NVmmULyzqto3eLdADbYzY6S.a3HqHB9P3I8lAHxguksgEYhZeQth1Yo82yx38DlZlSAkcIwqn_GsEqN4YXkLa.xq_MGWgdlaaMMpWKMT506xRtI8wPt6T07wilx9ochgAodQ4OriYQVLpEUHGtsXVOReY7pUzfgWp6F4rHfyZJC0n8T0sbcssGTbPKWfPnJEiUPtoLPgzoMoZEVBP8eReecS_A9Whl1kRu.hl46JYXTsLyuaGwVN817a33kuS4rOA6NQyUevtYFDgmsDecGJ_diShWijDImxs_9Kbk0sS82sz3tE.vG7fiYOyGL0BPjwppUclYMOobAoJl8ngBOIYTMN2vxjTHw1tK4zSTz0.WYuXSizKSJkTddvLDsU1FvhUQxxBTXSuvhv.wXDzDDIyixOZ7qfW45zBTyHpxuRqji4tBgFV30reMjL56iLFX4VT1QQQk3daEsC.VT1zR84ZKHHdZqQE52aboRAn9kzs2Buy4Ax5zT50ELlnQROsmnTYcnNZuCwduOevn4m3lWOP8pGOhFT7Uho46kQMQfY4xMWjYVWDlk6NCWbU5uQHBKdMyqIfm2c4ca4c.0NT0Powd9BySj18k8G85eYpJI_NNOrYO.yBCx5qPlj.oZ_XYBOw45eVV.MgruP1uAfza9xU3bnB30zqO3y7XapTiG24NkR64uZgz8UmuEQ2u_ctjjbQtWFReQH.dsRj58ZQmlaqH2riRWQrb1nRxeoH8VRC67ctCy_898_tg3x3mqEe3lFhY8U2tPVg41makpJ658E_BZO.F0Jkw_vCZrnv0odfvJHOdcsb0W.8lOf0j5YvsOEli76DBgq4r6vGxoO79nwJrIe0Y_Aa.S1oSn47mu9XMFJ0RnoxQ3yP460ayhi3XQ9TT8uCvOws2FiRLeItlnSqcu8B_6.b1"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134b2925b11448a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=urban%20computation&__cf_chl_rt_tk=lueORbwUj6bCRWCjatvZsVrIsd5I21zRTbOKy0KK3aU-1739783985-1.0.1.1-GSzgP2vjUG1Zr5KzssXGBYI1.euBTWnO83yJLCSUJ.U" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>