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Gordon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A)" title="جون غوردون (سياسي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون غوردون (سياسي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="جان براون قوردون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان براون قوردون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown_Gordon" title="John Brown Gordon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Brown Gordon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown_Gordon" title="John Brown Gordon – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Brown Gordon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="جان براون گوردون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان براون گوردون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown_Gordon" title="John Brown Gordon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Brown Gordon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown_Gordon" title="John Brown Gordon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Brown Gordon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F" title="ג'ון בראון גורדון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון בראון גורדון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჯონ ბრაუნ გორდონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯონ ბრაუნ გორდონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown_Gordon" title="John Brown Gordon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="John Brown Gordon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7)" title="جون جوردون (سلاڤيهولدير من امريكا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون جوردون (سلاڤيهولدير من امريكا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown_Gordon" title="John Brown Gordon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Brown Gordon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BBB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3" title="ジョン・B・ゴードン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・B・ゴードン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гордон, Джон Браун – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гордон, Джон Браун" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown_Gordon" title="John Brown Gordon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Brown Gordon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown_Gordon" title="John Brown Gordon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Brown Gordon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E7%99%BB" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Confederate Lieutienant general</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">John Brown Gordon</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jbgordon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Jbgordon.jpg/220px-Jbgordon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Jbgordon.jpg/330px-Jbgordon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Jbgordon.jpg/440px-Jbgordon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="697" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Gordon in uniform, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1862</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1873 – May 26, 1880</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Hill_(Georgian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua Hill (Georgian politician)">Joshua Hill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Brown" title="Joseph E. Brown">Joseph E. Brown</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1897</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Brown" title="Joseph E. Brown">Joseph E. Brown</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_S._Clay" title="Alexander S. Clay">Alexander S. Clay</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">53rd <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Georgia" title="Governor of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 9, 1886 – November 8, 1890</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dickerson_McDaniel" title="Henry Dickerson McDaniel">Henry D. McDaniel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Northen" title="William J. Northen">William J. Northen</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1832-02-06</span>)</span>February 6, 1832<br /><a href="/wiki/Upson_County,_Georgia" title="Upson County, Georgia">Upson County, Georgia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 9, 1904<span style="display:none">(1904-01-09)</span> (aged 71)<br /><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, Florida, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Rebecca "Fanny" Haralson</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1854)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_John_Brown_Gordon_(1832%E2%80%931904).png" class="mw-file-description" title="John B. Gordon's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Signature_of_John_Brown_Gordon_%281832%E2%80%931904%29.png/128px-Signature_of_John_Brown_Gordon_%281832%E2%80%931904%29.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Signature_of_John_Brown_Gordon_%281832%E2%80%931904%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="153" data-file-height="46" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate States">Confederate States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1861–1865</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Major_General_(CSA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General (CSA)">Major General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Corps,_Army_of_Northern_Virginia" title="Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia">Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="First Battle of Bull Run">First Battle of Bull Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_Battles" title="Seven Days Battles">Seven Days Battles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malvern_Hill" title="Battle of Malvern Hill">Battle of Malvern Hill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Campaign">Maryland Campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam" title="Battle of Antietam">Battle of Antietam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shepherdstown" title="Battle of Shepherdstown">Battle of Shepherdstown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gettysburg Campaign">Gettysburg Campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Battle of Gettysburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overland_Campaign" title="Overland Campaign">Overland Campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wilderness" title="Battle of the Wilderness">Battle of the Wilderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_House" title="Battle of Spotsylvania Court House">Battle of Spotsylvania Court House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor" title="Battle of Cold Harbor">Battle of Cold Harbor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Campaigns_of_1864" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley Campaigns of 1864">Valley Campaigns of 1864</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lynchburg" title="Battle of Lynchburg">Battle of Lynchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monocacy" title="Battle of Monocacy">Battle of Monocacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Stevens" title="Battle of Fort Stevens">Battle of Fort Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cool_Spring" title="Battle of Cool Spring">Battle of Cool Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Opequon" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Opequon">Battle of Opequon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fisher%27s_Hill" title="Battle of Fisher's Hill">Battle of Fisher's Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cedar_Creek" title="Battle of Cedar Creek">Battle of Cedar Creek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Petersburg" title="Siege of Petersburg">Siege of Petersburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Stedman" title="Battle of Fort Stedman">Battle of Fort Stedman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appomattox_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Appomattox Campaign">Appomattox Campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Appomattox_Courthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Appomattox Courthouse">Battle of Appomattox Courthouse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Brown Gordon</b> (<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1832-02-06</span>)</span>February 6, 1832 – <span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1904-01-09</span>)</span>January 9, 1904) was an American politician, <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate States Army</a> general, attorney, slaveowner and <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">planter</a>. "One of <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>'s most trusted generals" by the end of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> according to historian <a href="/wiki/Ed_Bearss" title="Ed Bearss">Ed Bearss</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bearss_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bearss-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 241">: 241 </span></sup> he strongly opposed <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a>. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, he was twice elected by the Georgia state legislature as a <a href="/wiki/US_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="US Senator">US Senator</a> (as was the practice at the time), serving from 1873 to 1880, and again from 1891 to 1897. He served two terms as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Georgia">53rd Governor</a> of Georgia from 1886 to 1890. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_B._Gordon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John Brown Gordon was of Scots descent and was born on the farm of his parents Zachariah Gordon and his wife in <a href="/wiki/Upson_County,_Georgia" title="Upson County, Georgia">Upson County, Georgia</a>; he was the fourth of twelve children. Many Gordon family members had fought in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a>. His family moved to <a href="/wiki/Walker_County,_Georgia" title="Walker County, Georgia">Walker County, Georgia</a> by 1840, where his father was recorded in the US census that year as owning a plantation with 18 slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gordon was a student at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a>, where he was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Mystical_Seven_(Wesleyan)" title="Mystical Seven (Wesleyan)">Mystical 7 Society</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He left before graduating to "read the law" in Atlanta, where he passed the <a href="/wiki/Bar_examination" title="Bar examination">bar examination</a>. </p><p>Gordon and his father, Zachariah, invested in a series of coal mines in <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> and Georgia. He also practiced law. In 1854 Gordon married Rebecca "Fanny" Haralson, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Hugh_A._Haralson" title="Hugh A. Haralson">Hugh Anderson Haralson</a> and his wife. They had a long marriage<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and six children.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1860, Gordon owned one slave, a 14-year-old girl. His father owned four slaves in that same census year.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_Civil_War">American Civil War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_B._Gordon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: American Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although lacking military education or experience, Gordon was elected <a href="/wiki/Captain_(land)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (land)">captain</a> of a company of the 6th Alabama Infantry Regiment. He was present at <a href="/wiki/First_Manassas" class="mw-redirect" title="First Manassas">First Manassas</a>, but did not see any action. During a reorganization of the Confederate army in May 1862, the regiment's original colonel, John Siebels, resigned and Gordon was elected the new colonel. Gordon's first combat experience happened a few weeks later at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Seven_Pines" title="Battle of Seven Pines">Seven Pines</a>, when his regiment was in the thick of the fighting. During the battle, Gordon witnessed his younger brother, Augustus Gordon, lying among the Confederate casualties, bleeding profusely with what appeared to be a fatal wound to the lungs. Augustus survived, but was killed a year later at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chancellorsville" title="Battle of Chancellorsville">Battle of Chancellorsville</a>. Toward the end of the two-day Battle of Seven Pines, Gordon took over as brigade commander from Brig. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Rodes">Robert Rodes</a> when Rodes was wounded. Shortly after the battle, the 26th Alabama was transferred to Rodes's Brigade as part of an army reorganization. Its commander, Col. <a href="/wiki/Edward_O%27Neal" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward O'Neal">Edward O'Neal</a>, outranked Gordon and thus took command of the brigade until Rodes resumed command just before the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_Battles" title="Seven Days Battles">Seven Days Battles</a>. Gordon was again hotly engaged at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaines%27_Mill" title="Battle of Gaines' Mill">Gaines' Mill</a>, and he was wounded in the eyes during the assault on <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malvern_Hill" title="Battle of Malvern Hill">Malvern Hill</a>. On June 29, Rodes, still suffering from the effects of his wound, took a leave of absence; O'Neal commanded the brigade once again. During the Northern Virginia Campaign, Gordon and his regiment were kept in the Richmond area. </p><p>Assigned by General Lee to hold the vital sunken road, or "Bloody Lane", during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sharpsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sharpsburg">Battle of Sharpsburg</a>, Gordon suffered new wounds. First, a <a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_ball" title="Minié ball">Minié ball</a> passed through his calf. A second ball hit him higher in the same leg. A third ball went through his left arm. Gordon continued to lead his men, despite the fact that the muscles and tendons in his arm were mangled and a small artery was severed. A fourth ball hit him in his shoulder. Ignoring pleas that he go to the rear, Gordon remained on the front lines. He was finally stopped by a ball that hit him in the face, passing through his left cheek and out his jaw. He fell with his face in his cap, and might have drowned in his own blood if it had not drained out through a bullet hole in the cap. A Confederate surgeon thought that he would not survive. After being returned to Virginia, Gordon was nursed back to health by his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-Welsh_1995_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welsh_1995-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 83">: 83 </span></sup> </p><p>Impressed with Gordon's performance, Lee requested a promotion to <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General (United States)">brigadier general</a> on November 1, 1862; however, this was not confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Congress" title="Confederate States Congress">Confederate States Congress</a> due to his being wounded. After months of recuperation, Gordon returned to service, receiving the command of a brigade of Georgians in <a href="/wiki/Jubal_A._Early" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubal A. Early">Jubal A. Early</a>'s division. When he returned to duty, Lee requested a promotion again, which was approved by the Confederate Congress, ranking from May 7, 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-Eicher_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eicher-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 260">: 260 </span></sup> </p><p>During the Confederate <a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gettysburg Campaign">invasion of Pennsylvania</a>, Gordon's brigade occupied <a href="/wiki/Wrightsville,_Pennsylvania" title="Wrightsville, Pennsylvania">Wrightsville</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Susquehanna_River" title="Susquehanna River">Susquehanna River</a>, the farthest east in Pennsylvania that any organized Confederate troops would reach. Union <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a> under Col. <a href="/wiki/Jacob_G._Frick" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob G. Frick">Jacob G. Frick</a> burned a mile-and-a-quarter-long <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Railroad_Bridge_(Columbia,_Pennsylvania)" title="Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge (Columbia, Pennsylvania)">covered wooden bridge</a> to prevent Gordon from crossing the river, and the fire soon spread to parts of Wrightsville. Gordon's troops formed a bucket brigade and managed to prevent further destruction to the town. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Brown_Gordon_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/John_Brown_Gordon_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/220px-John_Brown_Gordon_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/John_Brown_Gordon_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/330px-John_Brown_Gordon_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/John_Brown_Gordon_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/440px-John_Brown_Gordon_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2616" data-file-height="4184" /></a><figcaption>Gordon portrait by <a href="/wiki/Mathew_Brady" title="Mathew Brady">Mathew Brady</a>, c. 1855-1865</figcaption></figure> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Battle of Gettysburg</a> on July 1, Gordon's brigade and other units drove the Union <a href="/wiki/XI_Corps_(Union_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="XI Corps (Union Army)">XI Corps</a> from Barlow's Knoll. There, he aided the opposing division commander, <a href="/wiki/Francis_C._Barlow" title="Francis C. Barlow">Francis Barlow</a>, who was wounded. This incident led to a story about the two officers meeting later in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, Gordon unaware that Barlow had survived the battle. The story was told by Barlow and Gordon and published in newspapers and in Gordon's postwar memoir. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Seated at Clarkson Potter's table, I asked Barlow: "General, are you related to the Barlow who was killed at Gettysburg?" He replied: "Why, I am the man, sir. Are you related to the Gordon who killed me?" "I am the man, sir," I responded. No words of mine can convey any conception of the emotions awakened by those startling announcements. Nothing short of an actual resurrection from the dead could have amazed either of us more. Thenceforward, until his untimely death in 1896, the friendship between us which was born amidst the thunders of Gettysburg was greatly cherished by both.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>John B. Gordon, Reminiscences of the Civil War</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Barlow returned to service in April 1865 and pursued Gordon and his troops during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_High_Bridge" title="Battle of High Bridge">Battle of High Bridge</a>. </p><p>At the start of the 1864 <a href="/wiki/Overland_Campaign" title="Overland Campaign">Overland Campaign</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wilderness" title="Battle of the Wilderness">Battle of the Wilderness</a>, Gordon proposed a flanking attack against the Union right that might have had a decisive effect on the battle had Gen. Early allowed him freedom to launch it before late in the day. Gordon was an aggressive general; in a letter to Confederate President <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a>, Gen. <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a> said Gordon was one of his best brigadiers, "characterized by splendid audacity". On May 8, 1864, Gordon was given command of Early's division in Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Ewell" title="Richard S. Ewell">Richard S. Ewell</a>'s (later Early's) corps, being promoted to <a href="/wiki/Major_General_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General (United States)">major general</a> on May 14. Gordon's success in turning back the massive Union assault in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_House" title="Battle of Spotsylvania Court House">Battle of Spotsylvania Court House</a> (the Bloody Angle) prevented a Confederate rout. His division was held in reserve at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Anna" title="Battle of North Anna">Battle of North Anna</a> and was positioned in the Magnolia Swamp, north of where the major fighting occurred at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor" title="Battle of Cold Harbor">Battle of Cold Harbor</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Slave_at_Rest_-_Obituary_of_Sgt_John_Gordon_-_The_Salina_Daily_Union,_May_5,_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Former_Slave_at_Rest_-_Obituary_of_Sgt_John_Gordon_-_The_Salina_Daily_Union%2C_May_5%2C_1910.jpg/220px-Former_Slave_at_Rest_-_Obituary_of_Sgt_John_Gordon_-_The_Salina_Daily_Union%2C_May_5%2C_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="498" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Former_Slave_at_Rest_-_Obituary_of_Sgt_John_Gordon_-_The_Salina_Daily_Union%2C_May_5%2C_1910.jpg/330px-Former_Slave_at_Rest_-_Obituary_of_Sgt_John_Gordon_-_The_Salina_Daily_Union%2C_May_5%2C_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Former_Slave_at_Rest_-_Obituary_of_Sgt_John_Gordon_-_The_Salina_Daily_Union%2C_May_5%2C_1910.jpg/440px-Former_Slave_at_Rest_-_Obituary_of_Sgt_John_Gordon_-_The_Salina_Daily_Union%2C_May_5%2C_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="1676" /></a><figcaption>John C. Gordon, a man who had been enslaved by John B. Gordon, joined the Union's <a href="/wiki/12th_United_States_Colored_Infantry_Regiment" title="12th United States Colored Infantry Regiment">12th United States Colored Infantry Regiment</a> in 1863 (<i>The Salina Daily Union</i>, May 5, 1910)</figcaption></figure> <p>Gordon left with Early for the <a href="/wiki/Valley_Campaigns_of_1864" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley Campaigns of 1864">Valley Campaigns of 1864</a>, participating in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lynchburg" title="Battle of Lynchburg">Battle of Lynchburg</a> and in Early's Invasion of Maryland at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monocacy" title="Battle of Monocacy">Battle of Monocacy</a> before being wounded August 25, 1864, at <a href="/wiki/Shepherdstown,_West_Virginia" title="Shepherdstown, West Virginia">Shepherdstown, West Virginia</a> after they returned across the Potomac. After having a wound over his right eye dressed, Gordon returned to the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-Welsh_1995_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welsh_1995-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Confederate cartographer <a href="/wiki/Jedediah_Hotchkiss" title="Jedediah Hotchkiss">Jedediah Hotchkiss</a>'s official report of the incident stated, "Quite a lively skirmish ensued, in which Gordon was wounded in the head, but he gallantly dashed on, the blood streaming over him." </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Opequon" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Opequon">Third Battle of Winchester</a>, Gordon's wife, Fanny, accompanying her husband on the campaign as general's wives sometimes did, rushed out into the street to urge Gordon's retreating troops to go back and face the enemy. Gordon was horrified to find her in the street with shells and balls flying about her. Gordon continued to lead a division in Early's <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Valley" title="Army of the Valley">Army of the Valley</a>, fighting at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fisher%27s_Hill" title="Battle of Fisher's Hill">Fisher's Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cedar_Creek" title="Battle of Cedar Creek">Cedar Creek</a>, where he led an overnight flanking maneuver around the northern base of <a href="/wiki/Massanutten_Mountain" title="Massanutten Mountain">Massanutten Mountain</a>, followed by an early morning assault that he had devised while previously surveying the Union position from <a href="/wiki/Signal_Knob" title="Signal Knob">Signal Knob</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assault nearly crushed the Federal line at the Belle Grove Plantation before a "fatal halt" turned the tide of battle and doomed Gordon's successes made earlier in the day. </p><p>Returning to Lee's army around Richmond after Early's defeat at the Cedar Creek, Gordon led the Second Corps of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Northern_Virginia" title="Army of Northern Virginia">Army of Northern Virginia</a> until the end of the war. In this role, he defended the line in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Petersburg" title="Siege of Petersburg">Siege of Petersburg</a> and commanded the attack on <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Stedman" title="Battle of Fort Stedman">Fort Stedman</a> on March 25, 1865. There he was wounded again, in the leg. </p><p>In April 1865, he was pursued by Francis Barlow, who had returned to service just days before, during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_High_Bridge" title="Battle of High Bridge">Battle of High Bridge</a> in Virginia. At <a href="/wiki/Appomattox_Court_House_National_Historical_Park" title="Appomattox Court House National Historical Park">Appomattox Court House</a>, Gordon led his men in the last charge of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Northern_Virginia" title="Army of Northern Virginia">Army of Northern Virginia</a>, capturing the entrenchments and several pieces of artillery in his front just before the surrender. </p><p>On April 9, 1865, Gordon's cavalry unit drove a brigade of Union infantry from a high ridge near Appomattox; Gordon looked around and realized that Lee`s embattled army was surrounded on three sides by masses of Union infantry. When Lee got word of the situation, he knew that escape was impossible and made up his mind to surrender to Grant that same day. On April 12, Gordon's Confederate troops officially <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Appomattox_Court_House#Surrender" title="Battle of Appomattox Court House">surrendered</a> to Bvt. Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Chamberlain" title="Joshua Chamberlain">Joshua Chamberlain</a>, acting for Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>. Chamberlain recorded this event in detail: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The momentous meaning of this occasion impressed me deeply. I resolved to mark it by some token of recognition, which could be no other than a salute of arms. Well aware of the responsibility assumed, and of the criticisms that would follow, as the sequel proved, nothing of that kind could move me in the least. The act could be defended, if needful, by the suggestion that such a salute was not to the cause for which the flag of the Confederacy stood, but to its going down before the flag of the Union. My main reason, however, was one for which I sought no authority nor asked forgiveness. Before us in proud humiliation stood the embodiment of manhood: men whom neither toils and sufferings, nor the fact of death, nor disaster, nor hopelessness could bend from their resolve; standing before us now, thin, worn, and famished, but erect, and with eyes looking level into ours, waking memories that bound us together as no other bond;—was not such manhood to be welcomed back into a Union so tested and assured? Instructions had been given; and when the head of each division column comes opposite our group, our bugle sounds the signal and instantly our whole line from right to left, regiment by regiment in succession, gives the soldier's salutation, from the "order arms" to the old "carry"—the marching salute. Gordon at the head of the column, riding with heavy spirit and downcast face, catches the sound of shifting arms, looks up, and, taking the meaning, wheels superbly, making with himself and his horse one uplifted figure, with profound salutation as he drops the point of his sword to the boot toe; then facing to his own command, gives word for his successive brigades to pass us with the same position of the manual,—honor answering honor. On our part not a sound of trumpet more, nor roll of drum; not a cheer, nor word nor whisper of vain-glorying, nor motion of man standing again at the order, but an awed stillness rather, and breath-holding, as if it were the passing of the dead!</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Joshua_L._Chamberlain" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua L. Chamberlain">Joshua L. Chamberlain</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Passing_of_the_Armies" title="The Passing of the Armies">The Passing of the Armies</a></i>, pp. 260–61</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In his book <i>Hymns of the Republic: The Story of the Final Year of the American Civil War</i>, <a href="/wiki/S._C._Gwynne" title="S. C. Gwynne">S. C. Gwynne</a> states that this account is "one of the most cherished of the bogus Appomattox stories ... [but] ... there is no convincing evidence that it ever happened ... [N]one of the thirty thousand other people who saw the surrender noted any such event". According to Gwynne, Chamberlain was, in his later years, "one of the great embellishers of the war". </p> <blockquote><p>[Chamberlain's] memoirs ... often reflect[ed] the world as he wanted it to be instead of the way it was. For one thing, he did not command the troops at the ceremony, as he claimed, and thus couldn't order the men to salute. His story, moreover, changed significantly over the years. ... Its staying power was mostly rooted in the fact that Gordon never refuted it. The rebel general apparently liked it, and it reflected well on him, as the time went by Gordon added his own liberal embellishments, including the suggestion that Lee himself had led the Army through town. The two generals would clearly have preferred this distinctly <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>-like sequence, described in countless books and memoirs, to the decidedly less romantic one that actually took place.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:278px;max-width:278px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Brown_Gordon_postbellum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/John_Brown_Gordon_postbellum.jpg/135px-John_Brown_Gordon_postbellum.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/John_Brown_Gordon_postbellum.jpg/203px-John_Brown_Gordon_postbellum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/John_Brown_Gordon_postbellum.jpg/270px-John_Brown_Gordon_postbellum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1913" data-file-height="2685" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Postbellum engraving by Campbell Brothers, New York</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caroline_Gordon_Brown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Caroline_Gordon_Brown.jpg/135px-Caroline_Gordon_Brown.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Caroline_Gordon_Brown.jpg/203px-Caroline_Gordon_Brown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Caroline_Gordon_Brown.jpg/270px-Caroline_Gordon_Brown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Caroline Gordon Brown, of <a href="/wiki/Berlin,_New_Hampshire" title="Berlin, New Hampshire">Berlin, New Hampshire</a>, was Gordon's daughter</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Though Gordon often claimed he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">lieutenant general</a>, there is no official record of this.<sup id="cite_ref-Eicher_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eicher-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postbellum_career">Postbellum career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_B._Gordon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Postbellum career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the government of the State of Georgia was being reconstituted for readmission to the Union, Gordon ran as the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> candidate for governor in 1868, but was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Rufus_Bullock" title="Rufus Bullock">Rufus Bullock</a> in a vote of 83,527 to 76,356.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">presidential elector</a> in <a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="1868 United States presidential election in Georgia">1868</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gordon was elected by the state legislature to the <a href="/wiki/US_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="US Senate">US Senate</a> in 1873, as Democrats regained their power in Georgia. In 1879, he became the first ex-Confederate elected to preside over the Senate. He was a strong supporter of the "<a href="/wiki/New_South" title="New South">New South</a>" and industrialization, and he was a part of the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Triumvirate" title="Bourbon Triumvirate">Bourbon Triumvirate</a>. </p><p>Gordon resigned as senator on May 19, 1880. After his unexpected resignation, Governor <a href="/wiki/Alfred_H._Colquitt" title="Alfred H. Colquitt">Alfred H. Colquitt</a> quickly appointed <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Brown" title="Joseph E. Brown">Joseph E. Brown</a> to succeed Gordon. There were allegations of corruption when it was discovered Gordon resigned to promote a venture for the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Pacific_Railway" title="Georgia Pacific Railway">Georgia Pacific Railway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:33%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>It will be found, I trust, that no injustice has been done to either section, to any army, or to any of the great leaders, but that the substance and spirit of the following pages will tend rather to lift to a higher plane the estimate placed by victors and vanquished upon their countrymen of the opposing section, and thus strengthen the sentiment of intersectional fraternity which is essential to complete national unity. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—General John B. Gordon, <i>Reminiscences of the Civil War</i></cite></div> </div> <p>He was elected Governor of Georgia in 1886 and served the two-year term. He later returned to national politics, elected by the state legislature to the U.S. Senate in 1890 and serving from 1891 to 1897. </p><p>Gordon published memoir of his Civil War service entitled <i>Reminiscences of the Civil War</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scribner_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scribner-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He engaged in a series of popular speaking engagements throughout the country.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These lectures, entitled "The Last Days of the Confederacy", were very well received in both the North and South. He tended to focus on anecdotes and incidents that humanized soldiers from both sides. This was a period of reconciliation among the soldiers of the North and the South.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General Gordon was the first Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/United_Confederate_Veterans" title="United Confederate Veterans">United Confederate Veterans</a> when the group was organized in 1890. He held this position until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died at the age of 71<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while visiting his son in <a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami, Florida</a>. His body was returned to Georgia, where he was buried in <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Cemetery_(Atlanta,_Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland Cemetery (Atlanta, Georgia)">Oakland Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>. Upwards of 75,000 people viewed and took part in the memorial ceremonies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Racial_views">Racial views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_B._Gordon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Racial views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:33%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>It is exceedingly difficult to determine Gordon's exact role in the Klan, but given the nature of his testimony, his almost constant travel throughout Georgia and the South, and his desire to maintain peace, social order, and <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacy</a>, one can conclude with reasonable certainty that he was at least titular head of the Georgia <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>. Although it is remotely possible that Gordon was unaware of the threats and violence southern whites so often employed against southern blacks, it seems more plausible that Gordon simply "looked the other way" and countenanced such excesses as the price that had to be paid if social peace—a peace determined and defined exclusively by southern whites—was to be regained and preserved. Gordon may not have condoned the violence employed by Klan members, but he did not question or oppose it when he felt it was justified. In this sense, Gordon typified the upper levels of Southern society: he would do what had to be done to assure a white-controlled social order, but he hoped it could be accomplished without violence. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><sup id="cite_ref-Eckert_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eckert-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 149">: 149 </span></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>Gordon, a former planter, slaveholder and Confederate general, held <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacist</a> views on race, which he retained for his lifetime. He opposed Republican efforts at <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction</a> and endorsed measures to preserve white-dominated society, including restrictions on <a href="/wiki/Freedmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedmen">freedmen</a> and the use of violence against them. </p><p>Author <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Lowell_Eckert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Lowell Eckert (page does not exist)">Ralph Lowell Eckert</a> concluded that Gordon was a member of the postwar <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> based on the former general's evasive answers during an 1871 hearing. During congressional testimony in 1871, Gordon denied any involvement with the Klan but acknowledged that he was associated with a secret "peace police" organization, whose sole purpose was the "preservation of peace."<sup id="cite_ref-Eckert_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eckert-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 145–149">: 145–149 </span></sup> Gordon was thought to be the titular head of the Ku Klux Klan in Georgia,<sup id="cite_ref-NGE_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGE-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NGE_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGE-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the organization was so secretive that his role was never proven conclusively. In the midst of Reconstruction, a variety of organizations cropped up in the South, which existed to defy reconstruction (i.e. the Ku Klux Klan, <a href="/wiki/White_League" title="White League">White League</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a>). As many of these groups feared arrest while the states were occupied by Federal troops, they generally operated in secret. </p><p>In 1866, Gordon made substantial contributions in the form of money and materials to help build churches and schools for blacks in <a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Georgia" title="Brunswick, Georgia">Brunswick, Georgia</a>. He advised them to: </p> <blockquote><p>educate themselves and their children, to be industrious, save money and purchase houses, and thus make themselves respectable as property holders, and intelligent people. With submission to the laws, industry and economy, with union among yourselves, and courtesy and confidence toward the whites, you will reach these ends, and constitute an important element in the community.<sup id="cite_ref-Eckert_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eckert-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 130">: 130 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gordonstatue_crop.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Gordonstatue_crop.JPG/200px-Gordonstatue_crop.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Gordonstatue_crop.JPG/300px-Gordonstatue_crop.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Gordonstatue_crop.JPG/400px-Gordonstatue_crop.JPG 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_Gordon_statue" class="mw-redirect" title="John Brown Gordon statue">John Brown Gordon statue</a> by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Solon_Borglum" title="Solon Borglum">Solon Borglum</a>, located on the northeastern part of the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Capitol" title="Georgia State Capitol">Georgia State Capitol</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Gordon hoped to ease the tensions between the blacks and whites in coastal Georgia, which had a long history of enslaved African-American workers on plantations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Gordon seems to have been most concerned with incidents such as black Federal troops mistreating white Georgians, or alleged activities by members of the <a href="/wiki/Union_League" title="Union League">Union League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedmen%27s_Bureau" title="Freedmen's Bureau">Freedmen's Bureau</a> who were reported to have been inciting newly freed slaves to use violence against whites.<sup id="cite_ref-Eckert_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eckert-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 146">: 146 </span></sup> Historian Ralph Eckert notes that Gordon was willing to support blacks as long as they submitted to being in a subordinate social and political position.<sup id="cite_ref-Eckert_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eckert-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 130">: 130 </span></sup> Eckert says that Gordon clearly did not believe in racial equality. He notes an 1868 speech in <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a> (a black majority city), in which Gordon said to the blacks in the audience, "If you are disposed to live in peace with the white people, they extend to you the hand of friendship" but "if you attempt to inaugurate a war of races you will be exterminated. The Saxon race was never created by Almighty God to be ruled by the African."<sup id="cite_ref-Eckert_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eckert-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 131">: 131 </span></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tombstone_of_John_B._Gordon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tombstone_of_John_B._Gordon.JPG/200px-Tombstone_of_John_B._Gordon.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tombstone_of_John_B._Gordon.JPG/300px-Tombstone_of_John_B._Gordon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tombstone_of_John_B._Gordon.JPG/400px-Tombstone_of_John_B._Gordon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption>Gordon's grave, Oakland Cemetery, Atlanta, Georgia</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_B._Gordon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fort Gordon, a U.S. Army installation, and the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Highway" title="Gordon Highway">Gordon Highway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Georgia" title="Augusta, Georgia">Augusta, Georgia</a>, were named for Gordon. The fort was renamed <a href="/wiki/Fort_Eisenhower" title="Fort Eisenhower">Fort Eisenhower</a> as of October 27, 2023, as part of an effort to end naming of US forts after Confederate officials.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_Gordon_statue" class="mw-redirect" title="John Brown Gordon statue">John Brown Gordon statue</a> on the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Capitol" title="Georgia State Capitol">Georgia State Capitol</a> in Atlanta is the only public equestrian statue in the city.</li> <li>U.S. Highway 19 in Gordon's native <a href="/wiki/Upson_County,_Georgia" title="Upson County, Georgia">Upson County, Georgia</a>, is named in his honor.</li> <li>John B. Gordon Road in Gordon's 2nd home <a href="/wiki/Taylor_County,_Georgia" title="Taylor County, Georgia">Taylor County, Georgia</a>, is named in his honor.</li> <li>A statue dedicated to Gordon stands on the lawn of the <a href="/wiki/Thomaston,_Georgia" title="Thomaston, Georgia">Thomaston, Georgia</a>, courthouse.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_College_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon College (Georgia)">Gordon State College (Georgia)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Barnesville,_Georgia" title="Barnesville, Georgia">Barnesville, Georgia</a>, is named for him.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://roadsidegeorgia.com/site/gordonhall.html">John B. Gordon Hall</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604060313/http://roadsidegeorgia.com/site/gordonhall.html">Archived</a> June 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in <a href="/wiki/LaFayette,_Georgia" title="LaFayette, Georgia">LaFayette, Georgia</a> is named for Gordon.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Public_Schools" title="Atlanta Public Schools">John B. Gordon Elementary School in Atlanta</a> was named for Gordon.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>John B. Gordon High School in <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Georgia" title="Decatur, Georgia">Decatur, Georgia</a> was also named after him. It operated from 1958 until 1987; Gordon was changed to a middle school and renamed as McNair Middle School.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_B._Gordon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Marye_(horse)" title="Marye (horse)">Marye (horse)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_B._Gordon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Informational notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Scribner-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scribner_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scribner & Sons published Gordon's book in 1904.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGE-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NGE_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Biographical sketches in the references by Deserino, Eicher, and Warner make no mention of Klan involvement. Foner, p. 433, cites Gordon as a "prominent Klansman." <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon_(Civil_War_General)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Gordon (Civil War General)">George W. Gordon</a>, another Confederate general with a similar name, but unrelated, is one whose involvement with the Klan is not in dispute.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bearss-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bearss_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBearssSuderow2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Bearss" title="Ed Bearss">Bearss, Edwin C.</a>; Suderow, Bryce A. (31 March 2014). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8fI_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA241">"Chapter 4: The Confederate Attack and Union Defense of Fort Stedman (March 25, 1865)"</a></span>. In Wyrick, William (ed.). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8fI_AwAAQBAJ"><i>The Petersburg Campaign</i></a></span>. Vol. 2: The Western Front Battles, September 1864 – April 1865. <a href="/wiki/Savas_Beatie" class="mw-redirect" title="Savas Beatie">Savas Beatie</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61121-104-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61121-104-7"><bdi>978-1-61121-104-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1154968477">1154968477</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+The+Confederate+Attack+and+Union+Defense+of+Fort+Stedman+%28March+25%2C+1865%29&rft.btitle=The+Petersburg+Campaign.&rft.pub=Savas+Beatie&rft.date=2014-03-31&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1154968477&rft.isbn=978-1-61121-104-7&rft.aulast=Bearss&rft.aufirst=Edwin+C.&rft.au=Suderow%2C+Bryce+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8fI_AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation census"> 1840 United States Census, <a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">United States census</a>, 1840; Walker County, Georgia;.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdm.georgiaarchives.org:2011/cdm/ref/collection/spc/id/538">"Gordon, Mrs. John B."</a> Georgia Archives<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gordon%2C+Mrs.+John+B.&rft.pub=Georgia+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdm.georgiaarchives.org%3A2011%2Fcdm%2Fref%2Fcollection%2Fspc%2Fid%2F538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon1960" class="citation journal cs1">Gordon, Caroline Lewis (1960). "Plantation Life with General John B. Gordon". <i>The Georgia Review</i>. <b>14</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">17–</span>34. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41395658">41395658</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Georgia+Review&rft.atitle=Plantation+Life+with+General+John+B.+Gordon&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E34&rft.date=1960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41395658%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Caroline+Lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation census"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/populationschedu030unit#page/n385/mode/2up">"1860 United States Census, Slave Schedules"</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">United States census</a>, 1860; Jackson County, Alabama;  page 432,.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Welsh_1995-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Welsh_1995_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welsh_1995_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelsh1995" class="citation book cs1">Welsh, Jack D. (23 July 1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/medicalhistories0000wels_p0s7"><i>Medical Histories of Confederate Generals</i></a></span> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_University" title="Kent State University">Kent State University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-649-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-649-4"><bdi>978-0-87338-649-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/94008673">94008673</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/832313772">832313772</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1084833M">1084833M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medical+Histories+of+Confederate+Generals&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1995-07-23&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F832313772&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F94008673&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL1084833M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-649-4&rft.aulast=Welsh&rft.aufirst=Jack+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmedicalhistories0000wels_p0s7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eicher-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eicher_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eicher_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEicherEicher2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_H._Eicher" title="John H. Eicher">Eicher, John H.</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_J._Eicher" title="David J. Eicher">Eicher, David J.</a> (1 June 2002). <i>Civil War High Commands</i> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3641-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3641-1"><bdi>978-0-8047-3641-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2001020194">2001020194</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/937289168">937289168</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL3941895M">3941895M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+War+High+Commands&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F937289168&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2001020194&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL3941895M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-3641-1&rft.aulast=Eicher&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft.au=Eicher%2C+David+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/cebe/learn/historyculture/signal-knob.htm">"Signal Knob"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Signal+Knob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fcebe%2Flearn%2Fhistoryculture%2Fsignal-knob.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/S._C._Gwynne" title="S. C. Gwynne">Gwynne, S. C.</a> (2019) <i>Hymns of the Republic: The Story of the Final Year of the American Civil War</i>. New York: Scribner. p.298. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-1622-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-1622-3">978-1-5011-1622-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBragg2016" class="citation web cs1">Bragg, William Harris (October 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/reconstruction-georgia">"Reconstruction in Georgia"</a>. <i>New Georgia Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Georgia+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Reconstruction+in+Georgia&rft.date=2016-10-19&rft.aulast=Bragg&rft.aufirst=William+Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.georgiaencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Fhistory-archaeology%2Freconstruction-georgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=13JMAAAAYAAJ"><i>The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography</i></a>. Vol. I. New York, N.Y.: James T. White & Company. 1898. pp. <span class="nowrap">231–</span>232 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+National+Cyclopaedia+of+American+Biography&rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E231-%3C%2Fspan%3E232&rft.pub=James+T.+White+%26+Company&rft.date=1898&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D13JMAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckert1985" class="citation journal cs1">Eckert, Ralph L. (1985). "The Breath of Scandal: John B. Gordon, Henry W. Grady, and the Resignation-Appointment Controversy of May 1880". <i>The Georgia Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>69</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">315–</span>337. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40581392">40581392</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Georgia+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Breath+of+Scandal%3A+John+B.+Gordon%2C+Henry+W.+Grady%2C+and+the+Resignation-Appointment+Controversy+of+May+1880&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E315-%3C%2Fspan%3E337&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40581392%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Eckert&rft.aufirst=Ralph+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon1903" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, John B. (1903). <i>Reminiscences of the Civil War</i>. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015008445754">2027/mdp.39015008445754</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reminiscences+of+the+Civil+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1903&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015008445754&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorgan1974" class="citation journal cs1">Dorgan, Howard (1974). "A Case Study in Reconciliation: General John B. Gordon and 'The Last Days of the Confederacy". <i>Quarterly Journal of Speech</i>. <b>60</b> (1): 83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00335637409383210">10.1080/00335637409383210</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Journal+of+Speech&rft.atitle=A+Case+Study+in+Reconciliation%3A+General+John+B.+Gordon+and+%27The+Last+Days+of+the+Confederacy&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=83&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00335637409383210&rft.aulast=Dorgan&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Blight, <i>Race and Reunion</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon" class="citation web cs1">Gordon, John B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/georgiabooks/do-pdf:gb0430">"The Old South: addresses delivered before the Confederate Survivors' Association in Augusta, Georgia, on the occasion of its ninth annual reunion, on Memorial Day, April 26th, 1887"</a>. Digital Library of Georgia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Old+South%3A+addresses+delivered+before+the+Confederate+Survivors%27+Association+in+Augusta%2C+Georgia%2C+on+the+occasion+of+its+ninth+annual+reunion%2C+on+Memorial+Day%2C+April+26th%2C+1887&rft.pub=Digital+Library+of+Georgia&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdlg.galileo.usg.edu%2Fgeorgiabooks%2Fdo-pdf%3Agb0430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/gordonobits/do:gco-dg-00008264">"Newspaper clipping about John B. Gordon published January 14, 1904"</a>. <i>Gordon County, GA Obituaries, Calhoun-Gordon County Library</i>. Digital Library of Georgia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gordon+County%2C+GA+Obituaries%2C+Calhoun-Gordon+County+Library&rft.atitle=Newspaper+clipping+about+John+B.+Gordon+published+January+14%2C+1904&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdlg.galileo.usg.edu%2Fgordonobits%2Fdo%3Agco-dg-00008264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eckert-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eckert_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eckert_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eckert_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eckert_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eckert_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eckert_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckert1993" class="citation book cs1">Eckert, Ralph Lowell (1 September 1993). <i>John Brown Gordon: Soldier, Southerner, American</i>. Southern Biography Series. <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University_Press" title="Louisiana State University Press">Louisiana State University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-1888-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-1888-7"><bdi>978-0-8071-1888-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/947020384">947020384</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7945561M">7945561M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Brown+Gordon%3A+Soldier%2C+Southerner%2C+American&rft.series=Southern+Biography+Series&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F947020384&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL7945561M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-1888-7&rft.aulast=Eckert&rft.aufirst=Ralph+Lowell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGE-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NGE_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroce" class="citation news cs1">Groce, W.Todd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/john-b-gordon-1832-1904">"John B. Gordon (1832-1904)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Georgia_Encyclopedia" title="New Georgia Encyclopedia">New Georgia Encyclopedia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=John+B.+Gordon+%281832-1904%29&rft.aulast=Groce&rft.aufirst=W.Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.georgiaencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Fgovernment-politics%2Fjohn-b-gordon-1832-1904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdm.georgiaarchives.org:2011/cdm/singleitem/collection/postcard/id/969">"John B. Gordon Hall, Lafayette, Georgia"</a>. <i>Historic Postcard Collection, RG 48-2-5</i>. Georgia Archives<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+Postcard+Collection%2C+RG+48-2-5&rft.atitle=John+B.+Gordon+Hall%2C+Lafayette%2C+Georgia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdm.georgiaarchives.org%3A2011%2Fcdm%2Fsingleitem%2Fcollection%2Fpostcard%2Fid%2F969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/vang/id:ful0187">"Photograph of participants in class play at John B. Gordon Elementary School, Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia, 1936"</a>. <i>Vanishing Georgia</i>. Digital Library of Georgia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vanishing+Georgia&rft.atitle=Photograph+of+participants+in+class+play+at+John+B.+Gordon+Elementary+School%2C+Atlanta%2C+Fulton+County%2C+Georgia%2C+1936&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdlg.galileo.usg.edu%2Fvang%2Fid%3Aful0187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+B.+Gordon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Further reading</b> </p> <ul><li>Deserino, Frank E. "John Brown Gordon." In <i>Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History</i>, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04758-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04758-X">0-393-04758-X</a>.</li> <li>Foner, Eric. <i>Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877</i>. Francis Parkman Prize edition. New York: History Book Club, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9657270-1-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9657270-1-7">0-9657270-1-7</a>. First published 1988 by HarperCollins.</li> <li>Gordon, John B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_7mIUAAAAYAAJ"><i>Reminiscences of the Civil War</i></a>. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1904.</li> <li>Kross, Gary. "The Barlow-Gordon Incident." <i>Blue & Gray Magazine</i>, December 2001, 23–24, 48–51.</li> <li>Warner, Ezra J. <i>Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders</i>. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8071-0823-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8071-0823-5">0-8071-0823-5</a>.</li> <li>White, Gregory C. Response to Kross article. <i>Blue & Gray Magazine</i>, February 2002, 5–6.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_B._Gordon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Brown_Gordon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John Brown Gordon">John Brown Gordon</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144900/http://www.civil-war-tribute.com/Barlow-And-Gordon-Friendly-Enemies-001.htm">Story of Barlow and Gordon</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived September 29, 2007)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngeorgia.com/people/gordon.html">John Brown Gordon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051129202808/http://ngeorgia.com/people/gordon.html">Archived</a> November 29, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"About North Georgia" bio on John Brown Gordon.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilwarwomenblog.com/2009/03/rebecca-fanny-haralson-gordon.html">Information on Rebecca (Fanny) Gordon and family</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilwarhome.com/gordonbio.htm">Gordon bio page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930210926/http://www.historynet.com/magazines/american_civil_war/3029021.html">Article on the Gordon/Barlow story in Historynet.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/topics/historical_markers/county/fulton/john-b.-gordon">John B. Gordon</a> historical marker</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/8zbkk">Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Brown" title="Joseph E. Brown">Joseph E. Brown</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a> </b><br />1868 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Milton_Smith" title="James Milton Smith">James Milton Smith</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dickerson_McDaniel" title="Henry Dickerson McDaniel">Henry Dickerson McDaniel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a> </b><br />1886, 1888 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Northen" title="William J. Northen">William J. Northen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dickerson_McDaniel" title="Henry Dickerson McDaniel">Henry Dickerson McDaniel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Georgia" title="Governor of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a> </b><br />1886–1890 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Northen" title="William J. Northen">William J. Northen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Hill_(Georgian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua Hill (Georgian politician)">Joshua Hill</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="List of United States senators from Georgia"> U.S. senator (Class 3) from Georgia</a> </b><br />1873–1880 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Norwood" title="Thomas M. Norwood">Thomas M. Norwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harvey_Hill" title="Benjamin Harvey Hill">Benjamin H. Hill</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Brown" title="Joseph E. Brown">Joseph E. Brown</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Brown" title="Joseph E. Brown">Joseph E. Brown</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="List of United States senators from Georgia"> U.S. senator (Class 3) from Georgia</a> </b><br />1891–1897 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Alfred_H._Colquitt" title="Alfred H. Colquitt">Alfred H. Colquitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Walsh_(Southern_U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Walsh (Southern U.S. politician)">Patrick Walsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Octavius_Bacon" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Octavius Bacon">Augustus O. Bacon</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_S._Clay" title="Alexander S. Clay">Alexander S. Clay</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Georgia" title="Template:Governors of Georgia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Georgia" title="Template talk:Governors of Georgia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Georgia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Georgia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Georgia207" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Georgia" title="List of governors of Georgia">Governors of Georgia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>1777–<i>present</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Bulloch" title="Archibald Bulloch">Bulloch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Button_Gwinnett" title="Button Gwinnett">Gwinnett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Treutlen" title="John A. Treutlen">Treutlen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Houstoun" title="John Houstoun">Houstoun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Glascock" title="William Glascock">Glascock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Seth_John_Cuthbert" title="Seth John Cuthbert">Cuthbert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Wereat" title="John Wereat">Wereat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Walton" title="George Walton">Walton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howly" title="Richard Howly">Howly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Wells_(Georgia_politician)" title="George Wells (Georgia politician)">George Wells</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Wells" title="Humphrey Wells">Humphrey Wells</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Heard" title="Stephen Heard">Heard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Myrick_Davies" title="Myrick Davies">Davies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Brownson" title="Nathan Brownson">Brownson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Martin_(Governor_of_Georgia)" title="John Martin (Governor of Georgia)">Martin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Hall" title="Lyman Hall">Hall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Houstoun" title="John Houstoun">Houstoun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Elbert" title="Samuel Elbert">Elbert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Telfair" title="Edward Telfair">Telfair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Mathews_(soldier)" title="George Mathews (soldier)">Mathews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Handley_(politician)" title="George Handley (politician)">Handley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Walton" title="George Walton">Walton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Telfair" title="Edward Telfair">Telfair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Mathews_(soldier)" title="George Mathews (soldier)">Mathews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Irwin" title="Jared Irwin">Irwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Jackson_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Jackson (Georgia politician)">Jackson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Emanuel_(Governor_of_Georgia)" title="David Emanuel (Governor of Georgia)">Emanuel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Tattnall_(politician)" title="Josiah Tattnall (politician)">Tattnall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Milledge" title="John Milledge">Milledge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Irwin" title="Jared Irwin">Irwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Brydie_Mitchell" title="David Brydie Mitchell">Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Early" title="Peter Early">Early</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Brydie_Mitchell" title="David Brydie Mitchell">Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Rabun" title="William Rabun">Rabun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Talbot" title="Matthew Talbot">Talbot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Clark_(Georgia_governor)" title="John Clark (Georgia governor)">Clark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Rockingham_Gilmer" class="mw-redirect" title="George Rockingham Gilmer">Gilmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Lumpkin" title="Wilson Lumpkin">Lumpkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Schley" title="William Schley">Schley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Rockingham_Gilmer" class="mw-redirect" title="George Rockingham Gilmer">Gilmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_McDonald" title="Charles James McDonald">McDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Crawford" title="George W. Crawford">Crawford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Towns" title="George W. Towns">Towns</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">H. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Brown" title="Joseph E. Brown">J. E. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Johnson_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Johnson (Georgia politician)">J. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Jenkins" title="Charles J. Jenkins">Jenkins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Ruger" title="Thomas H. Ruger">Ruger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Bullock" title="Rufus Bullock">Bullock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Conley" title="Benjamin F. Conley">Conley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Milton_Smith" title="James Milton Smith">J. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_H._Colquitt" title="Alfred H. Colquitt">Colquitt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Stephens" title="Alexander H. Stephens">Stephens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_S._Boynton" title="James S. Boynton">Boynton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dickerson_McDaniel" title="Henry Dickerson McDaniel">McDaniel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gordon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Northen" title="William J. Northen">Northen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Yates_Atkinson" title="William Yates Atkinson">Atkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allen_D._Candler" title="Allen D. Candler">Candler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Terrell" title="Joseph M. Terrell">Terrell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hoke_Smith" title="Hoke Smith">H. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mackey_Brown" title="Joseph Mackey Brown">J. M. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hoke_Smith" title="Hoke Smith">H. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Slaton" title="John M. Slaton">Slaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mackey_Brown" title="Joseph Mackey Brown">J. M. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Slaton" title="John M. Slaton">Slaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Edwin_Harris" title="Nathaniel Edwin Harris">N. Harris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dorsey" title="Hugh Dorsey">Dorsey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Hardwick" title="Thomas W. Hardwick">Hardwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Walker" title="Clifford Walker">Walker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lamartine_Griffin_Hardman" title="Lamartine Griffin Hardman">Hardman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Talmadge" title="Eugene Talmadge">E. Talmadge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eurith_D._Rivers" title="Eurith D. Rivers">Rivers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Talmadge" title="Eugene Talmadge">E. Talmadge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Arnall" title="Ellis Arnall">Arnall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge">H. Talmadge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Melvin_E._Thompson" title="Melvin E. Thompson">Thompson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge">H. Talmadge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Griffin" title="Marvin Griffin">Griffin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Vandiver" title="Ernest Vandiver">Vandiver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sanders" title="Carl Sanders">Sanders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lester_Maddox" title="Lester Maddox">Maddox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Busbee" title="George Busbee">Busbee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Frank_Harris" title="Joe Frank Harris">J. Harris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zell_Miller" title="Zell Miller">Miller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Barnes" title="Roy Barnes">Barnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Perdue" title="Sonny Perdue">Perdue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Deal" title="Nathan Deal">Deal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Kemp" title="Brian Kemp">Kemp</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_Georgia.svg/50px-Seal_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_Georgia.svg/75px-Seal_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_Georgia.svg/100px-Seal_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="297" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Category:Governors of Georgia (U.S. state)">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Georgia97" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="Template:United States senators from Georgia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="Template talk:United States senators from Georgia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Georgia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Georgia97" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="List of United States senators from Georgia">United States senators from Georgia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Few" title="William Few">Few</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jackson_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Jackson (Georgia politician)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Walton" title="George Walton">Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Tattnall_(politician)" title="Josiah Tattnall (politician)">Tattnall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Baldwin" title="Abraham Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones_(Georgia_politician)" title="George Jones (Georgia politician)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bellinger_Bulloch" class="mw-redirect" title="William Bellinger Bulloch">Bulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wyatt_Bibb" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wyatt Bibb">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Walker" title="Freeman Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ware" title="Nicholas Ware">Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Cobb" title="Thomas W. Cobb">Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_H._Prince" title="Oliver H. Prince">Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pendleton_King" title="John Pendleton King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Lumpkin" title="Wilson Lumpkin">Lumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Berrien" title="John M. Berrien">Berrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Charlton" title="Robert M. Charlton">Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Toombs" title="Robert Toombs">Toombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_V._M._Miller" title="Homer V. M. Miller">H. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Norwood" title="Thomas M. Norwood">Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harvey_Hill" title="Benjamin Harvey Hill">B. Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Barrow" title="Pope Barrow">Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_H._Colquitt" title="Alfred H. Colquitt">A. Colquitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Walsh_(Southern_U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Walsh (Southern U.S. politician)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_O._Bacon" title="Augustus O. Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_West" title="William Stanley West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Hardwick" title="Thomas W. Hardwick">Hardwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Harris" title="William J. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Cohen" title="John S. Cohen">Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Gambrell" title="David H. Gambrell">Gambrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Nunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Cleland" title="Max Cleland">Cleland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxby_Chambliss" title="Saxby Chambliss">Chambliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Perdue" title="David Perdue">Perdue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Ossoff" title="Jon Ossoff">Ossoff</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Gunn_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Gunn (senator)">Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jackson_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Jackson (Georgia politician)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milledge" title="John Milledge">Milledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tait_(politician)" title="Charles Tait (politician)">Tait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Elliott_(Georgia_politician)" title="John Elliott (Georgia politician)">Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Berrien" title="John M. Berrien">Berrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Cuthbert" title="Alfred Cuthbert">Cuthbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_T._Colquitt" title="Walter T. Colquitt">W. Colquitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Crosby_Dawson" class="mw-redirect" title="William Crosby Dawson">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Iverson_Sr." title="Alfred Iverson Sr.">Iverson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Hill_(politician)" title="Joshua Hill (politician)">J. Hill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Brown" title="Joseph E. Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_S._Clay" title="Alexander S. Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Terrell" title="Joseph M. Terrell">Terrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoke_Smith" title="Hoke Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Watson" title="Thomas E. Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Latimer_Felton" title="Rebecca Latimer Felton">Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge">Talmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mack_Mattingly" title="Mack Mattingly">Mattingly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyche_Fowler" title="Wyche Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Coverdell" title="Paul Coverdell">Coverdell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zell_Miller" title="Zell Miller">Z. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Isakson" title="Johnny Isakson">Isakson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Loeffler" title="Kelly Loeffler">Loeffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Warnock" title="Raphael Warnock">Warnock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation322" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Commerce_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Commerce chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Commerce_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Commerce chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Commerce_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Commerce chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation322" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation">United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce and Manufactures<br />(1816–1825)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hunter_(senator)" title="William Hunter (senator)">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Dickerson" title="Mahlon Dickerson">Dickerson</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/135px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce<br />(1825–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Lloyd (Massachusetts politician)">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_S._Johnston" title="Josiah S. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Silsbee" title="Nathaniel Silsbee">Silsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Henry_Goldsborough" title="Robert Henry Goldsborough">Goldsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabez_W._Huntington" title="Jabez W. Huntington">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Haywood_Jr." title="William Henry Haywood Jr.">Haywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Dix" title="John Adams Dix">Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dodge" title="Henry Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Claiborne_Clay" title="Clement Claiborne Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachariah_Chandler" title="Zachariah Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Conkling" title="Roscoe Conkling">Conkling</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_W._Ransom" title="Matt W. Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._R._McMillan" title="Samuel J. R. McMillan">McMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Frye" title="William P. Frye">Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_W._Ransom" title="Matt W. Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Frye" title="William P. Frye">Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knute_Nelson" title="Knute Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Clarke" title="James P. Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_U._Fletcher" title="Duncan U. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_L._Jones" title="Wesley L. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">H. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_D._Stephens" title="Hubert D. Stephens">Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_S._Copeland" title="Royal S. Copeland">Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Bailey" title="Josiah Bailey">Bailey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interstate Commerce<br />(1887–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_M._Cullom" title="Shelby M. Cullom">Cullom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Butler" title="Matthew Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_M._Cullom" title="Shelby M. Cullom">Cullom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_B._Elkins" title="Stephen B. Elkins">Elkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_E._Clapp" title="Moses E. Clapp">Clapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_G._Newlands" title="Francis G. Newlands">Newlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins" title="Albert B. Cummins">Cummins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Watson" title="James E. Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Couzens" title="James Couzens">Couzens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Dill" title="Clarence Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_K._Wheeler" title="Burton K. Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interstate and Foreign Commerce/Commerce<br />(1947–1977)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_H._White" title="Wallace H. White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_C._Johnson" title="Edwin C. Johnson">E. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Tobey" title="Charles W. Tobey">Tobey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Bricker" title="John W. Bricker">Bricker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Magnuson" title="Warren Magnuson">Magnuson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce, Science, and Transportation<br />(1977–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Magnuson" title="Warren Magnuson">Magnuson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Cannon" title="Howard Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Packwood" title="Bob Packwood">Packwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Danforth" title="John Danforth">Danforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Hollings" title="Fritz Hollings">Hollings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Pressler" title="Larry Pressler">Pressler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Hollings" title="Fritz Hollings">Hollings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Hollings" title="Fritz Hollings">Hollings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Rockefeller" title="Jay Rockefeller">Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thune" title="John Thune">Thune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wicker" title="Roger Wicker">Wicker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Cantwell" title="Maria Cantwell">Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gettysburg_figures6636" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gettysburg_figures" title="Template:Gettysburg figures"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gettysburg_figures" title="Template talk:Gettysburg figures"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gettysburg_figures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gettysburg figures"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gettysburg_figures6636" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Gettysburg figures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate</a> leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Lee</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Porter_Alexander" title="Edward Porter Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Anderson_(general)" title="Richard H. Anderson (general)">R. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Anderson" title="George T. Anderson">G. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Archer" title="James J. Archer">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Addison_Armistead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Addison Armistead">Armistead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barksdale" title="William Barksdale">Barksdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Benning" title="Henry L. Benning">Benning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Brockenbrough" title="John M. Brockenbrough">Brockenbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Chambliss" title="John R. Chambliss">Chambliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junius_Daniel" title="Junius Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Davis" title="Joseph R. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_P._Doles" title="George P. Doles">Doles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubal_Early" title="Jubal Early">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Ewell" title="Richard S. Ewell">Ewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Garnett" title="Richard B. Garnett">Garnett</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Hampton_III" title="Wade Hampton III">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Hays" title="Harry T. Hays">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Heth" title="Henry Heth">Heth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._Hill" title="A. P. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_Hood" title="John Bell Hood">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_G._Humphreys" title="Benjamin G. Humphreys">Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Imboden" title="John D. Imboden">Imboden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Iverson_Jr." title="Alfred Iverson Jr.">Iverson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_G._Jenkins" title="Albert G. Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Johnson_(general)" title="Edward Johnson (general)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Jones" title="John M. Jones">J. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Jones_(general)" title="William E. Jones (general)">W. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Kemper" title="James L. Kemper">Kemper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Kershaw" title="Joseph B. Kershaw">Kershaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Lane_(Confederate_general)" title="James Henry Lane (Confederate general)">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evander_M._Law" title="Evander M. Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzhugh_Lee" title="Fitzhugh Lee">F. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Fitzhugh_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="William Henry Fitzhugh Lee">W. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Longstreet" title="James Longstreet">Longstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mahone" title="William Mahone">Mahone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Marshall" title="James K. Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_McLaws" title="Lafayette McLaws">McLaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_A._O%27Neal" title="Edward A. O'Neal">O'Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Oates" title="William C. Oates">Oates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dorsey_Pender" title="William Dorsey Pender">Pender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Johnston_Pettigrew" title="J. Johnston Pettigrew">Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Monroe_Perrin" title="Abner Monroe Perrin">Perrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pickett" title="George Pickett">Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnot_Posey" title="Carnot Posey">Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dodson_Ramseur" title="Stephen Dodson Ramseur">Ramseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_B._Robertson" title="Jerome B. Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Rodes" title="Robert E. Rodes">Rodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Moore_Scales" title="Alfred Moore Scales">Scales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Jones_Semmes" title="Paul Jones Semmes">Semmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(Virginia_governor)" title="William Smith (Virginia governor)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Steuart_(brigadier_general)" title="George H. Steuart (brigadier general)">G. Steuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._E._B._Stuart" title="J. E. B. Stuart">J. E. B. Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lloyd_Thomas" title="Edward Lloyd Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_R._Trimble" title="Isaac R. Trimble">Trimble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Walker" title="James A. Walker">J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Lindsay_Walker" title="Reuben Lindsay Walker">R. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmus_M._Wilcox" title="Cadmus M. Wilcox">Wilcox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Wofford" title="William T. Wofford">Wofford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_R._Wright" title="Ambrose R. Wright">Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/George_Meade" title="George Meade">Meade</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelbert_Ames" title="Adelbert Ames">Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeyn_B._Ayres" title="Romeyn B. Ayres">Ayres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_C._Barlow" title="Francis C. Barlow">Barlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Barnes_(general)" title="James Barnes (general)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Baxter" title="Henry Baxter">Baxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapman_Biddle" title="Chapman Biddle">Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Birney" title="David B. Birney">Birney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Buford" title="John Buford">Buford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Caldwell" title="John C. Caldwell">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Candy" title="Charles Candy">Candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Henry_Carpenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Henry Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradford_Carr" title="Joseph Bradford Carr">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Chamberlain" title="Joshua Chamberlain">J. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_W._Claflin" title="Ira W. Claflin">Claflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Cross" title="Edward E. Cross">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg_Curtin" title="Andrew Gregg Curtin">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonzo_Cushing" title="Alonzo Cushing">Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer" title="George Armstrong Custer">Custer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Cutler" title="Lysander Cutler">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._Crawford" title="Samuel W. Crawford">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Doubleday" title="Abner Doubleday">Doubleday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_J._Farnsworth" title="Elon J. Farnsworth">Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Geary" title="John W. Geary">Geary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gibbon" title="John Gibbon">Gibbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Gilsa" title="Leopold von Gilsa">Gilsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Graham" title="Charles K. Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Greene" title="George S. Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McMurtrie_Gregg" title="David McMurtrie Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harrow" title="William Harrow">Harrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hays" title="Alexander Hays">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooker" title="Joseph Hooker">Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Otis_Howard" title="Oliver Otis Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_A._Humphreys" title="Andrew A. Humphreys">Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jackson_Hunt" title="Henry Jackson Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judson_Kilpatrick" class="mw-redirect" title="Judson Kilpatrick">Kilpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Krzy%C5%BCanowski" title="Włodzimierz Krzyżanowski">Krzyżanowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Meredith" title="Solomon Meredith">Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Merritt" title="Wesley Merritt">Merritt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Newton_(engineer)" title="John Newton (engineer)">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_M._Nolan" title="Nicholas M. Nolan">Nolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Rene_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel Rene Paul">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pleasonton" title="Alfred Pleasonton">Pleasonton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Reynolds" title="John F. Reynolds">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clay_Rice" title="James Clay Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Robinson" title="John C. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Algeo_Rowley" title="Thomas Algeo Rowley">Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Ruger" title="Thomas H. Ruger">Ruger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Schimmelfennig" title="Alexander Schimmelfennig">Schimmelfennig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz" title="Carl Schurz">Schurz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sedgwick" title="John Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sickles" title="Daniel Sickles">Sickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Warner_Slocum" title="Henry Warner Slocum">Slocum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Stannard" title="George J. Stannard">Stannard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Starr" title="Samuel H. Starr">Starr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_von_Steinwehr" title="Adolph von Steinwehr">Steinwehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sykes" title="George Sykes">Sykes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Tilton" title="William S. Tilton">Tilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_O._Tyler" title="Robert O. Tyler">Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_Vincent" title="Strong Vincent">Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Wadsworth" title="James S. Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._H._Hobart_Ward" title="J. H. Hobart Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_K._Warren" title="Gouverneur K. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_H._Weed" title="Stephen H. Weed">Weed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_S._Webb" title="Alexander S. Webb">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Willard" title="George L. Willard">Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_S._Williams" title="Alpheus S. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_K._Zook" title="Samuel K. Zook">Zook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other notable<br />military personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_A._Alger" title="Russell A. Alger">Alger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_E._Avery" title="Isaac E. Avery">Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_S._Baker" title="Laurence S. Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Horatio_Belo" title="Alfred Horatio Belo">Belo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Berdan" title="Hiram Berdan">Berdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Biddle" title="Alexander Biddle">Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Brooke" title="John R. Brooke">Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Brown" title="Stephen F. Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goode_Bryan" title="Goode Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_K._Burgwyn" title="Henry K. Burgwyn">Burgwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Burling" title="George C. Burling">Burling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Carroll" title="Samuel S. Carroll">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Carter_(Civil_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Henry Carter (Civil War)">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chamberlain_(soldier)" title="Thomas Chamberlain (soldier)">T. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Colvill" title="William J. Colvill">Colvill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Corby" title="William Corby">Corby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Coster" title="Charles Coster">Coster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dearing" title="James Dearing">Dearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Devin" title="Thomas Devin">Devin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_van_Horne_Ellis" title="Augustus van Horne Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Enderlin" title="Richard Enderlin">Enderlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Fremantle" title="Arthur Lyon Fremantle">Lyon Fremantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkett_D._Fry" title="Birkett D. Fry">Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gamble_(general)" title="William Gamble (general)">Gamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenner_Garrard" title="Kenner Garrard">Garrard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_C._Godwin" title="Archibald C. Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._J._Goree" title="T. J. Goree">Goree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Irvin_Gregg" title="John Irvin Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Grimes" title="Bryan Grimes">Grimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gwyn" title="James Gwyn">Gwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_J._Hall" title="Norman J. Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Harrison" title="Henry Thomas Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_A._Haskell" title="Frank A. Haskell">Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Hazlett" title="Charles E. Hazlett">Hazlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Stockton_Howell" title="Horatio Stockton Howell">Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Humiston" title="Amos Humiston">Humiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Jeffords" title="Harrison Jeffords">Jeffords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellus_Jones" title="Marcellus Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Kelly_(Civil_War)" title="Patrick Kelly (Civil War)">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myles_Keogh" title="Myles Keogh">Keogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lang_(Civil_War)" title="David Lang (Civil War)">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Latimer" title="Joseph W. Latimer">Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Lewis" title="William G. Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McCandless" title="William McCandless">McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_L._McDougall" title="Archibald L. McDougall">McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._McFarland" title="George F. McFarland">McFarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baillie_McIntosh" title="John Baillie McIntosh">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Murphy_Mayo" title="Robert Murphy Mayo">Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holman_S._Melcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Holman S. Melcher">Melcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Goodale_Morrill" title="Walter Goodale Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_D._Muhlenberg" title="Edward D. Muhlenberg">Muhlenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Rorke" title="Patrick O'Rorke">O'Rorke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ario_Pardee,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Ario Pardee, Jr.">Pardee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ransom_Johnson_Pegram" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ransom Johnson Pegram">Pegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Monroe_Perrin" title="Abner Monroe Perrin">Perrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Poague" title="William T. Poague">Poague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Salomon" title="Edward S. Salomon">Salomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orland_Smith" title="Orland Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxley_Sorrel" title="Moxley Sorrel">Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Spear" title="Ellis Spear">Spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Stone_(general)" title="Roy Stone (general)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Taylor" title="Walter H. Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_de_Trobriand" title="Régis de Trobriand">Trobriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Wainwright" title="Charles S. Wainwright">Wainwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hull_Ward" title="George Hull Ward">Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Local civilians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Broadhead" title="Sarah Broadhead">Broadhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Bryan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Burns" title="John L. Burns">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_McClean" title="Moses McClean">McClean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McConaughy" title="David McConaughy">McConaughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_McPherson" title="Edward McPherson">McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginnie_Wade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginnie Wade">Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wills_(Gettysburg)" title="David Wills (Gettysburg)">Wills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118774#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1326" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118774#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1326" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118774#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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