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href="#Remuneration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Remuneration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remuneration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Training and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Types of organisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appraisal_objectives" 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<a href="/wiki/Company" title="Company">company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperative</a> or <a href="/wiki/Non-government_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-government organization">non-government organization</a>, but not a member of the executive management team. They are not employees of the corporation or affiliated with it in any other way and are differentiated from <a href="/wiki/Executive_director" title="Executive director">executive directors</a>, who are members of the board who also serve, or previously served, as executive managers of the corporation (most often as <a href="/wiki/Corporate_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate officer">corporate officers</a>). However, they do have the same legal duties, responsibilities and potential liabilities as their executive counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Non-executive directors provide independent oversight and serve on committees concerned with sensitive issues such as the pay of the executive directors and other senior managers; they are usually paid a fee for their services but are not regarded as employees.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All directors should be capable of seeing corporate and business issues in a broad perspective. Nonetheless, non-executive directors are usually chosen because of their independence and initiative, are of an appropriate caliber and have particular personal qualities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role">Role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-executive_director&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fundamentally, the non-executive director role is to provide a creative contribution and improvement to the board by providing dispassionate and objective criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their role may change depending on the organisation,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though they are usually not involved in the day-to-day management of the corporation but monitor the executive activity and contribute to the development strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Non-executive directors can also be referred to as external directors; they are usually people of stature and experience who can act as both a source of wise independent advice and a check on any wilder elements on a board.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the UK <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Directors" title="Institute of Directors">Institute of Directors</a>, non-executive directors are expected to focus on board matters and not stray into ‘executive direction,’ thus providing an independent view of the corporation that is removed from day-to-day running.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non-executive directors, then, are appointed to bring to the board: </p> <ul><li>Independence;</li> <li>Impartiality;</li> <li>Wide experience;</li> <li>Special knowledge;</li> <li>Personal qualities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In addition to the above five key qualities an effective non-executive director would influence the achievement of balance of the board of directors as a whole as well as commitment, perception and a broad perspective of the area or industry. More key responsibilities may include: </p> <ul><li>Contributing to the strategic direction of the corporation;</li> <li>Efficiently solving problems that arise;</li> <li>Communicating with third parties;</li> <li>Ensuring all the audit requirements are satisfied;</li> <li>Remuneration of the executive directors;</li> <li>Appointing the board of directors.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Key_responsibilities">Key responsibilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-executive_director&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Key responsibilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Non-executive directors have responsibilities in the following areas, according to the <a href="/wiki/Review_of_the_role_and_effectiveness_of_non-executive_directors" title="Review of the role and effectiveness of non-executive directors">Review of the role and effectiveness of non-executive directors</a> (the Higgs report), published by the <a href="/wiki/British_government" class="mw-redirect" title="British government">British government</a> in 2003:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Strategy:</i> Non-executive directors should constructively challenge and contribute to the development of strategy. As an external member of an organisation, the NED may have a clearer or wider view of possible factors affecting the corporation and its business environment, more-so than executive directors.</li> <li><i>Performance:</i> Non-executive directors should scrutinise the performance of management in meeting-agreed goals and objectives and monitoring and, where necessary, removing senior management, and in <a href="/wiki/Succession_planning" title="Succession planning">succession planning</a>.</li> <li><i>Risk:</i> Non-executive directors should satisfy themselves that financial information is accurate and that financial controls and systems of risk management are robust and defensible.</li> <li><i>People:</i> Non-executive directors can benefit the corporation's and board's effectiveness through outside contacts and opinions. Helping the business and board connect with networks of useful people and organisations become an important function for the NED to fulfill.</li></ul> <p>NEDs should also provide independent views on: </p> <ul><li>Resources</li> <li>Appointments</li> <li>Standards of conduct</li></ul> <p>Boards (and the non-executive directors on them) also have a responsibility to evaluate their own performance. Reasons for undertaking a board evaluation might include: </p> <ul><li>to address specific issues</li> <li>to benchmark performance against other companies</li> <li>the need to ensure that the board is doing the best it can</li> <li>the need to be seen to be doing something</li></ul> <p>Much has been written about how best to go about evaluating board performance and it remains a key topic of discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Negative_and_positive_contributions">Negative and positive contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-executive_director&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Negative and positive contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Institute of Directors in New Zealand<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> outlines ten clear benefits that independent directors can bring to a start-up and high growth business. These are </p> <ul><li>They bring an objective viewpoint to the board</li> <li>They are unlikely to have any family or majority ownership ties to the business</li> <li>They can cast a critical eye over the business without preconception or prejudice</li> <li>They are also able to act in the capacity of counselor, sounding board and devil's advocate</li> <li>They bring a one-off business knowledge and experience in many areas</li> <li>Many start-ups and high growth businesses tend to operate in a vacuum without looking at outside forces</li> <li>Outside directors introduce a fresh, and usually innovative, perspective</li> <li>They may compensate in some of the key areas where management may be weak</li> <li>The outside director may act a bit like a consultant</li> <li>They bring input and the ability to assist with objectivity</li></ul><p> Having a non-executive director in a business may seem necessary due to the benefits having one can provide; however, it is possible a NED may contribute to a dynamic of deteriorating board relationships. Executives could come to resent or be frustrated by non-executive contributions that they perceive to be either ill-informed or inappropriate. This in turn can contribute to a dynamic of deteriorating board relationships, characterized by withholding of information and mistrust.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As one executive described it:</p><blockquote><p>"When a non-executive director displays insight and real knowledge and undertakes a role in a very serious fashion, asks brave questions, takes an interest in issues the directors know that they are going to be kept on their toes in relation to these issues, and the respect level rises. Then that person becomes an approachable person … it is actually cumulative in terms of the benefits that can come from that … it can go completely the other way because it is just, 'well, they don't know anything about the business, they had to ask the obligatory three questions' and then the respect gets lost between the parties and you do not have a relationship that is built. It gets back down to what is the ability of the person and what is driving them to become engaged … When that engagement actually adds value and can be seen to add value, then very quickly you get a dynamic where you improve the situation."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Audit">Audit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-executive_director&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Audit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is the duty of the whole board to ensure that a company's accounts are prepared properly. These should inform its shareholders by presenting a true and fair reflection of its actions and financial performance and all of the board should ensure that the necessary internal control systems are put into place and monitored regularly and rigorously. A non-executive director has an important part to play in fulfilling this responsibility whether or not a formal audit committee (composed of non-executive directors) of the board has been constituted.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Remuneration">Remuneration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-executive_director&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Remuneration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to NEDonBoard, non-executive directors typically sit on the main board and have responsibility on the board sub-committees (e.g. audit committee, risk committee, nomination committee, remuneration committee).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research points to an average remuneration of £60 to 80k for FTSE 100 NEDs and £50 to 60k for FTSE 250 NEDs. SMEs remunerate their non-executive directors at lower rates, in the £20-30k range. Most roles in the not-for-profit sector are voluntary roles. There are a few factors that determine the level of remuneration of a NED:<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Size</li> <li>Sector</li> <li>Enterprise type</li> <li>Maturity</li> <li>Financial resources</li> <li>Time commitment</li> <li>Responsibilities including being a member of a sub-committee of the board, being the SID, the chair of the board or a sub-committee</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Training_and_education">Training and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-executive_director&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Training and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is vitally important that all non-executive directors are aware of their duties and liabilities as well as developing the softer skills associated with the role such as board behaviour and effective challenge. There are a number of organisations who provide this type of training such as NEDonBoard, the Institute of Directors and Financial Times. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_organisation">Types of organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-executive_director&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Types of organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A non-executive director can be appointed in different organisations: </p> <ul><li>The private sector</li> <li>The public sector</li> <li>Academic sector</li> <li>Third sector</li></ul> <p>Duties depend on whether they represent the interest of shareholders, in the private sector, or the interest of the society in public organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appraisal_objectives">Appraisal objectives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-executive_director&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Appraisal objectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some organisations appraise non-executive directors on general overall performance criteria such as in the Higgs Report,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas others in addition set specific individual objectives,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which may be specifically linked to the overall organisation goals.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-executive_director&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_cost" title="Agency cost">Agency cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_title" title="Corporate title">Corporate title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_director" title="Independent director">Independent director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITNEA" title="ITNEA">ITNEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managing_director" class="mw-redirect" title="Managing director">Managing director</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-executive_director&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404182211/http://www.iod.com/MainWebSite/Resources/Document/roleofnxds_1006.pdf">"The role of the non-executive director"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Institute of Directors</i>. 2010. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sabp.nhs.uk&rft.atitle=Council+of+Governor+Meeting%3A+2+March+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabp.nhs.uk%2Fmembers%2Fabout%2F13%2520Process%2520for%2520NED.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANon-executive+director" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-executive_director&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerson,_Rupert2003" class="citation book cs1">Merson, Rupert (2003). <i>Non-Executive Directors</i>. <a href="/wiki/Profile_Books_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Profile Books Ltd">Profile Books Ltd</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86197-499-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86197-499-0"><bdi>978-1-86197-499-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Non-Executive+Directors&rft.pub=Profile+Books+Ltd&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-86197-499-0&rft.au=Merson%2C+Rupert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANon-executive+director" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2015" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Gerry (2015). <i>The Independent Director: The Non-Executive Director's Guide to Effective Board Presence</i>. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137480538" title="Special:BookSources/9781137480538"><bdi>9781137480538</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/933209521">933209521</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Independent+Director%3A+The+Non-Executive+Director%27s+Guide+to+Effective+Board+Presence&rft.place=Basingstoke%2C+Hampshire&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F933209521&rft.isbn=9781137480538&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Gerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANon-executive+director" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-executive_director&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nacdonline.org/">NACD</a>, US professional body for non-executive directors and board members</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iod.com">Institute of Directors</a>, a UK business organisation for corporate directors, senior business leaders and entrepreneurs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nurole.com/">Nurole</a>, technology company operating the <a href="/wiki/Nurole" title="Nurole">Nurole</a> platform, an online global marketplace for non-executive independent director and senior executive roles</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icsa.org.uk">ICSA</a>, Institute of chartered secretaries and administrators trains, informs and represents the interests of governance professionals across all sectors</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://30percentclub.org/">30 percent club</a>, collaborative campaign group focused on getting more women on boards</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nedonboard.com">NEDonBoard</a>, Institute of Board Members. Professional body for non-executive directors and board members</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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style="width:1%">Chief officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_accessibility_officer" title="Chief accessibility officer">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_administrative_officer" title="Chief administrative officer">Administrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_analytics_officer" title="Chief analytics officer">Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_audit_executive" title="Chief audit executive">Audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_automation_officer" title="Chief automation officer">Automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_brand_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief brand officer">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_business_officer" title="Chief business officer">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_channel_officer" title="Chief channel officer">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_commercial_officer" title="Chief commercial officer">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations_officer" title="Public relations officer">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_compliance_officer" title="Chief compliance officer">Compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_content_officer" title="Chief content officer">Content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_creative_officer" title="Chief creative officer">Creative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_data_officer" title="Chief data officer">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_design_officer" title="Chief design officer">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_digital_officer" title="Chief digital officer">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_diversity_officer" title="Chief diversity officer">Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_experience_officer" title="Chief experience officer">Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_financial_officer" title="Chief financial officer">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_gaming_officer" title="Chief gaming officer">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_happiness_officer" title="Chief happiness officer">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_human_resources_officer" title="Chief human resources officer">Human resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_information_officer" title="Chief information officer">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_information_security_officer" title="Chief information security officer">Information security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_innovation_officer" title="Chief innovation officer">Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_investment_officer" title="Chief investment officer">Investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_knowledge_officer" title="Chief knowledge officer">Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_learning_officer" title="Chief learning officer">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_counsel" title="General counsel">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_marketing_officer" title="Chief marketing officer">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Medical_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Medical Officer">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_merchandising_officer" title="Chief merchandising officer">Merchandising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_networking_officer" title="Chief networking officer">Networking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">Operating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_privacy_officer" title="Chief privacy officer">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_procurement_officer" title="Chief procurement officer">Procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_product_officer" title="Chief product officer">Product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_research_officer" title="Chief research officer">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_restructuring_officer" title="Chief restructuring officer">Restructuring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_revenue_officer" title="Chief revenue officer">Revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_risk_officer" title="Chief risk officer">Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_scientific_officer" title="Chief scientific officer">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_security_officer" title="Chief security officer">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_solutions_officer" title="Chief solutions officer">Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_strategy_officer" title="Chief strategy officer">Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_sustainability_officer" title="Chief sustainability officer">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_technology_officer" title="Chief technology officer">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_visionary_officer" title="Chief visionary officer">Visionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_web_officer" title="Chief web officer">Web</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_director" title="Creative director">Creative director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_director" title="Development director">Development director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_counsel" title="General counsel">General counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_director" title="Executive director">Executive director</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Non-executive director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representative_director_(Japan)" title="Representative director (Japan)">Representative director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_president" title="Vice president">Vice president</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mid-level executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_manager" title="General manager">General manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Account_manager" title="Account manager">Account manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervisor" title="Supervisor">Supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_manager" title="Product manager">Product manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervisor" title="Supervisor">Foreman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">Board of directors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_governance" title="Corporate governance">Corporate governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_compensation" title="Executive compensation">Executive compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_business_and_finance_abbreviations" title="List of business and finance abbreviations">List of business and finance abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_management" title="Senior management">Senior management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervisory_board" title="Supervisory board">Supervisory board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_management" title="Talent management">Talent management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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