Prediagnostic plasma proteomics profile for hepatocellular carcinoma

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PubMed"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38688524/"><meta property="og:description" content="However, the limited number of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in the cohorts necessitates caution in interpreting our findings, emphasizing the need for further validation in high-risk populations."><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="PubMed"><meta name="twitter:domain" content="pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Prediagnostic plasma proteomics profile for hepatocellular carcinoma - PubMed"><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38688524/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="However, the limited number of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in the cohorts necessitates caution in interpreting our findings, emphasizing the need for further validation in high-risk populations."><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg">  <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/opensearch.xml" title="PubMed search">  <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/core/no-script.css"> </noscript> <meta name="citation_title" content="Prediagnostic plasma proteomics profile for hepatocellular carcinoma"> <meta name="citation_authors" content="Zhang X;Zhao L;Ngo LH;Dillon ST;Gu X;Lai M;Simon TG;Chan AT;Giovannucci EL;Libermann TA;Zhang X;"> <meta name="citation_date" content="08/01/2024"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="J Natl Cancer Inst"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of the National Cancer Institute"> <meta name="citation_pmid" content="38688524"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38688524/"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="116"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="8"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1093/jnci/djae079"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1460-2105"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38688524/" /> </head> <body > <noscript> <div class="no-script-banner" id="no-script-banner"> <div class="warning-message"> <div class="warning-message-text"> This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 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'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="0uf82SK7Hfda2EMPtzTXZeACOf1LCBiVeORHDwOEaBAG8J38SjdlhOGlwNEmFXhm"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="0uf82SK7Hfda2EMPtzTXZeACOf1LCBiVeORHDwOEaBAG8J38SjdlhOGlwNEmFXhm"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="0uf82SK7Hfda2EMPtzTXZeACOf1LCBiVeORHDwOEaBAG8J38SjdlhOGlwNEmFXhm"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="0uf82SK7Hfda2EMPtzTXZeACOf1LCBiVeORHDwOEaBAG8J38SjdlhOGlwNEmFXhm"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="38688524"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" 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</nav> </div> </aside> <main class="article-details" id="article-details">   <header class="heading" id="heading"> <div class="full-view" id="full-view-heading"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="full-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Journal of the National Cancer Institute" tabindex="0" aria-controls="full-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Journal of the National Cancer Institute" data-pinger-ignore> J Natl Cancer Inst </button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Journal of the National Cancer Institute"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" 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</a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2024 Aug 1;116(8):1343-1355.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1093/jnci/djae079. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Prediagnostic plasma proteomics profile for hepatocellular carcinoma </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhang+X&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Xinyuan Zhang">Xinyuan Zhang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhao+L&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Longgang Zhao">Longgang Zhao</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ngo+LH&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Long H Ngo">Long H Ngo</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Dillon+ST&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Simon T Dillon">Simon T Dillon</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gu+X&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Xuesong Gu">Xuesong Gu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lai+M&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michelle Lai">Michelle Lai</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Simon+TG&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Tracey G Simon">Tracey G Simon</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Chan+AT&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Andrew T Chan">Andrew T Chan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Giovannucci+EL&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Edward L Giovannucci">Edward L Giovannucci</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Libermann+TA&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Towia A Libermann">Towia A Libermann</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhang+X&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Xuehong Zhang">Xuehong Zhang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Yale University School of Nursing, Orange, CT, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/38688524/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4" id="full-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-5" id="full-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-6" id="full-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-7" id="full-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-8" id="full-view-affiliation-8" ><sup class="key">8</sup> Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-9" id="full-view-affiliation-9" ><sup class="key">9</sup> Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-10" id="full-view-affiliation-10" ><sup class="key">10</sup> Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-11" id="full-view-affiliation-11" ><sup class="key">11</sup> Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-12" id="full-view-affiliation-12" ><sup class="key">12</sup> Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-13" id="full-view-affiliation-13" ><sup class="key">13</sup> Yale University School of Nursing, Orange, CT, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38688524</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PMC ID">PMC11308170</strong> <span class="embargo-date-block"> (available on <time class="embargo-date" datetime="2025-05-01" >2025-05-01</time>) </span> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1093/jnci/djae079&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djae079" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1093/jnci/djae079 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Prediagnostic plasma proteomics profile for hepatocellular carcinoma </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Xinyuan Zhang</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> J Natl Cancer Inst<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2024">2024</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" 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class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhang+X&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Xinyuan Zhang">Xinyuan Zhang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhao+L&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Longgang Zhao">Longgang Zhao</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ngo+LH&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Long H Ngo">Long H Ngo</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Dillon+ST&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Simon T Dillon">Simon T Dillon</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gu+X&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Xuesong Gu">Xuesong Gu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lai+M&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michelle Lai">Michelle Lai</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Simon+TG&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Tracey G Simon">Tracey G Simon</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Chan+AT&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Andrew T Chan">Andrew T Chan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Giovannucci+EL&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Edward L Giovannucci">Edward L Giovannucci</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Libermann+TA&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Towia A Libermann">Towia A Libermann</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhang+X&cauthor_id=38688524" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Xuehong Zhang">Xuehong Zhang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Yale University School of Nursing, Orange, CT, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4" id="short-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5" id="short-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-6" id="short-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-7" id="short-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-8" id="short-view-affiliation-8" ><sup class="key">8</sup> Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-9" id="short-view-affiliation-9" ><sup class="key">9</sup> Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-10" id="short-view-affiliation-10" ><sup class="key">10</sup> Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-11" id="short-view-affiliation-11" ><sup class="key">11</sup> Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-12" id="short-view-affiliation-12" ><sup class="key">12</sup> Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-13" id="short-view-affiliation-13" ><sup class="key">13</sup> Yale University School of Nursing, Orange, CT, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38688524</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PMC ID">PMC11308170</strong> <span class="embargo-date-block"> (available on <time class="embargo-date" datetime="2025-05-01" >2025-05-01</time>) </span> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1093/jnci/djae079&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djae079" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1093/jnci/djae079 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/38688524/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/38688524/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Objective: </strong> Proteomics may discover pathophysiological changes related to hepatocellular carcinoma, an aggressive and lethal type of cancer with low sensitivity for early stage diagnosis. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Design: </strong> We measured 1305 prediagnostic (median = 12.7 years) SomaScan proteins from 54 pairs of healthy individuals who subsequently developed hepatocellular carcinoma and matched non-hepatocellular carcinoma control individuals from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). Candidate proteins were validated in the independent, prospective UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP). </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Results: </strong> In NHS and HPFS, we identified 56 elevated proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma with an absolute fold change of more than 1.2 and a Wald test P value less than .05 in conditional logistic regression analysis. Ingenuity pathway analysis identified enrichment of pathways associated with cell viability, adhesion, proteolysis, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. Four proteins-chitinase-3-like protein 1, growth differentiation factor 15, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein, and E-selectin-showed strong positive associations with hepatocellular carcinoma and were thus validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (odds ratio = 2.48-14.7, all P < .05) in the NHS and HPFS and by Olink platform (hazard ratio = 1.90-3.93, all P < .05) in the UKB-PPP. Adding these 4 proteins to a logistic regression model of traditional hepatocellular carcinoma risk factors increased the area under the curve from 0.67 to 0.87 in the NHS and HPFS. Consistently, model area under the curve was 0.88 for hepatocellular carcinoma risk prediction in the UKB-PPP. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Conclusion: </strong> However, the limited number of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in the cohorts necessitates caution in interpreting our findings, emphasizing the need for further validation in high-risk populations. </p> </div> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> 漏 The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com. </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">Dr Andrew T. Chan served as a consultant for Bayer Pharma AG, Pfizer Inc, and Boehringer Ingelheim for work unrelated to this topic. 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J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013;47(suppl 0):S2-S6. - <a class="reference-link" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3683119/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="PMC3683119" > PMC </a> - <a class="reference-link" href="/23632345/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="23632345" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> <div class="actions-bar"> <button class="show-all" ref="linksrc=show_all_references_link" aria-controls="top-references-list-1" data-next-page-url="/38688524/references/" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="show_more" > Show all 52 references </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mesh-terms" class="mesh-terms keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> MeSH terms </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Adult" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Adult </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Adult"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Adult%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Adult%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Adult"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Adult"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Adult" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Adult"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link 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Tumor* / blood </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-2" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Biomarkers, Tumor* / blood"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Biomarkers%2C+Tumor%2Fblood%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Biomarkers%2C+Tumor%2Fblood%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Biomarkers, Tumor/blood"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Biomarkers, Tumor* / blood"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Biomarkers%2C+Tumor" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Biomarkers, Tumor* / blood"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Biomarkers, Tumor/blood"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Biomarkers, Tumor/blood"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* / blood" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-3" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* / blood </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-3" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* / blood"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link 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Liver Neoplasms* / blood </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-10" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Liver Neoplasms* / blood"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Liver+Neoplasms%2Fblood%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Liver+Neoplasms%2Fblood%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Liver Neoplasms/blood"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Liver Neoplasms* / blood"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Liver+Neoplasms" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Liver Neoplasms* / blood"> Search in MeSH 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Prediagnostic plasma proteomics profile for hepatocellular carcinoma - PubMed