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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Maurice Thorez</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[mɔʁis<span class="wrap"> </span>tɔʁɛz,<span class="wrap"> </span>moʁ-]</a></span>; 28 April 1900 – 11 July 1964) was a French politician and longtime leader of the <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a> (PCF) from 1930 until his death. He also served as <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Deputy Prime Minister of France">Deputy Prime Minister of France</a> from 1946 to 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Maurice Thorez</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Maurice_Thorez_-_VIIIe_Congr%C3%A8s_national_du_PCF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Maurice_Thorez_-_VIIIe_Congr%C3%A8s_national_du_PCF.jpg/220px-Maurice_Thorez_-_VIIIe_Congr%C3%A8s_national_du_PCF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Maurice_Thorez_-_VIIIe_Congr%C3%A8s_national_du_PCF.jpg/330px-Maurice_Thorez_-_VIIIe_Congr%C3%A8s_national_du_PCF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Maurice_Thorez_-_VIIIe_Congr%C3%A8s_national_du_PCF.jpg/440px-Maurice_Thorez_-_VIIIe_Congr%C3%A8s_national_du_PCF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="1656"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Thorez in 1936</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Deputy Prime Minister of France">Deputy Prime Minister</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government of the French Republic</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>22 January 1947 – 4 May 1947</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Paul Ramadier</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Henri_Teitgen" title="Pierre-Henri Teitgen">Pierre-Henri Teitgen</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>24 June 1946 – 28 November 1946</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Georges Bidault</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>26 January 1946 – 12 June 1946</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gouin" title="Félix Gouin">Félix Gouin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State" title="Minister of State">Minister of State</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>22 January 1947 – 4 May 1947</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Paul Ramadier</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>21 November 1945 – 20 January 1946</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">General Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>18 July 1930 – 17 May 1964</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Semard" title="Pierre Semard">Pierre Semard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Duclos" title="Jacques Duclos">Jacques Duclos</a> <small>(Interim; 1950–1953)</small><br><a href="/wiki/Waldeck_Rochet" title="Waldeck Rochet">Waldeck Rochet</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1900-04-28</span>)</span>28 April 1900<br><a href="/wiki/Noyelles-Godault" title="Noyelles-Godault">Noyelles-Godault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 July 1964<span style="display:none">(1964-07-11)</span> (aged 64)<br><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">People's Republic of Bulgaria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br>affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International" title="French Section of the Workers' International">SFIO</a> <small>(1919–1920)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Vermeersch" title="Jeannette Vermeersch">Jeannette Vermeersch</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1947)<wbr></wbr></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_de_Maurice_Thorez_-_Archives_nationales_(France).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maurice Thorez's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Signature_de_Maurice_Thorez_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.jpg/128px-Signature_de_Maurice_Thorez_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Signature_de_Maurice_Thorez_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.jpg/192px-Signature_de_Maurice_Thorez_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Signature_de_Maurice_Thorez_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.jpg/256px-Signature_de_Maurice_Thorez_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="277"></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Pre-War"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Pre-War</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#World_War_II"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">World War II</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Post-war"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Post-war</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#In_power"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">In power</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#In_opposition"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">In opposition</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Pre-War">Pre-War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Thorez&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Pre-War" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Thorez, born in <a href="/wiki/Noyelles-Godault" title="Noyelles-Godault">Noyelles-Godault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>, became a coal miner at the age of 12. He joined the <a href="/wiki/French_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International" title="French Section of the Workers' International">French Section of the Workers' International</a> (SFIO) in 1919 and was imprisoned several times for his political activism. After the 1920 split in the SFIO led to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a> (PCF) in December 1920, Thorez became party secretary in 1923 and, in 1930, general secretary of the party, a position he held until his death. After he took office as secretary general, he was supported by Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a>. </p><p>In 1932 Thorez became the companion of <a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Vermeersch" title="Jeannette Vermeersch">Jeannette Vermeersch</a>; they had three sons before marrying in 1947, and remained married until his death. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rassemblement-populaire-14-juillet-1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Rassemblement-populaire-14-juillet-1936.jpg/300px-Rassemblement-populaire-14-juillet-1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="217" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1314" data-file-height="949"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 217px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Rassemblement-populaire-14-juillet-1936.jpg/300px-Rassemblement-populaire-14-juillet-1936.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="217" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Rassemblement-populaire-14-juillet-1936.jpg/450px-Rassemblement-populaire-14-juillet-1936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Rassemblement-populaire-14-juillet-1936.jpg/600px-Rassemblement-populaire-14-juillet-1936.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Front">Popular Front</a> leaders during a <a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a> demonstration in Paris, 14 July 1936. On the tribune (front row, left to right): Thérèse Blum, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Blum" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon Blum">Leon Blum</a>, Thorez, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Salengro" title="Roger Salengro">Roger Salengro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Viollette" title="Maurice Viollette">Maurice Viollette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cot" title="Pierre Cot">Pierre Cot</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Thorez was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(France)" title="Chamber of Deputies (France)"> Chamber of Deputies</a> in 1932 and reelected in 1936. In 1934, following a <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a> directive, he helped form the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_(France)" title="Popular Front (France)"> Popular Front</a>, an alliance between Communists, Socialists, and radical Socialists. The Front, because of strong popular support as France was reeling from the impact of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, won the <a href="/wiki/1936_French_legislative_election" title="1936 French legislative election"> 1936 election</a>. With the support of the Communists under Thorez, the socialist <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Léon Blum</a> became Prime Minister of a Popular Front government and managed to enact much of the Front's social-legislation programme. Meanwhile, Thorez presided over massive growth of the Communist Party, beginning with the elections of 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Thorez&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War II" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a> of 1939 and the subsequent Soviet participation in the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a>, the Communist Party was against the French war effort and so was outlawed: the Communist Party did not support what the <a href="/wiki/Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazis">Nazis</a> stood for but points of similarity were stressed. The Party supported the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>'s tactical treaty with Germany in order to direct German aggression away from the USSR and toward <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">the United Kingdom</a> and France. For impeding the fight against the Nazis, the Party's publications were banned and many Party members were interned. Thorez himself had his passport revoked. Shortly thereafter, he was drafted. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="German invasion of the Soviet Union">German invasion of the Soviet Union</a> in June 1941, the French Communist Party openly declared it would violently resist the German occupation; even before this, the Communist Party organized a demonstration of thousands of students and workers against the occupation on 11 November 1940, and in May 1941 organized a strike of 100,000 miners in the <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a> departments. During this time, articles written by and ghostwritten for Thorez appeared frequently in the party's underground newspaper, <i>Humanité Clandestine</i>. Each of these letters was signed 'Maurice Thorez, somewhere in France'. It was not until several years after the war that the party admitted that this was false, and that Thorez had been in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> for the entire war. In his absence, the affairs of the PCF and of the <i><a href="/wiki/Francs-Tireurs_et_Partisans" title="Francs-Tireurs et Partisans">Francs-Tireurs et Partisans</a></i>, the party's resistance movement, in France were organised by his second in command, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Duclos" title="Jacques Duclos">Jacques Duclos</a>. </p><p>When General <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Free_French_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French Forces">Free French Forces</a> liberated France in 1944, Thorez received a pardon. After the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">Liberation</a>, Thorez was ordered by Stalin to lead the PCF immediately after the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> to a non-revolutionary road to power. The instructions were not to seize power as had been done elsewhere, but have the reluctant wartime Communist partisans surrender their weapons, and the party would become a powerful force in the post-war governments since it thought that it would soon win legally. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Post-war">Post-war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Thorez&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-war" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>In November 1944, Thorez returned to France from his exile in the Soviet Union, and in 1945 his citizenship was restored. The PCF emerged from the Second World War as the largest political party in France based on its role in the anti-Nazi resistance movement during the occupation of France, at least after 1941. Thorez was again elected to the Chamber of Deputies and reelected throughout the <a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a> (1946–1958). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_power">In power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Thorez&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In power" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gouvernement_Paul_Ramadier_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gouvernement_Paul_Ramadier_%281%29.jpg/300px-Gouvernement_Paul_Ramadier_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="218" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1490"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 218px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gouvernement_Paul_Ramadier_%281%29.jpg/300px-Gouvernement_Paul_Ramadier_%281%29.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="218" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gouvernement_Paul_Ramadier_%281%29.jpg/450px-Gouvernement_Paul_Ramadier_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gouvernement_Paul_Ramadier_%281%29.jpg/600px-Gouvernement_Paul_Ramadier_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Thorez (front row, third from right) as Deputy Prime Minister in the government of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Paul Ramadier</a>, 1947.</figcaption></figure> <p>Forming a popular front with the Socialist Party in the 1945 elections, Thorez became <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Deputy Prime Minister of France">vice premier of France</a> from 1946 to 1947. </p><p>By 1947 a combination of the emerging <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> between the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the Soviet Union and growing social conflicts in France, linked to the increasing gap between wages and prices, put the three party union (SFIO, PCF and <a href="/wiki/Popular_Republican_Movement" title="Popular Republican Movement">MRP</a>) under heavy pressure, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/May_1947_crises#France" title="May 1947 crises">May 1947 crisis</a>. Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Paul Ramadier</a> received threats from the United States that the presence of Communist ministers in the government would have consequences, such as the blocking of U.S. aid from the coming <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a>, or worse: "I told Ramadier," <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Caffery" title="Jefferson Caffery">Jefferson Caffery</a>, then <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_France" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to France">U.S. ambassador to France</a>, wrote in his diary, "no Communists in gov. or else."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Simultaneously, the <a href="/wiki/1947_strikes_in_France" title="1947 strikes in France">1947 strikes in France</a> caused rumours to spread among the non-Communist members of the government that the PCF would attempt a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> on 1 May: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Moch" title="Jules Moch">Jules Moch</a>, SFIO Public Works Minister, claimed to have "certain information" on preparations of a coup by the PCF. Ramadier is alleged to have worked secretly with Georges Revers, the Army Chief of Staff, to set up a secret transport and communications network within the military to safeguard against such a coup, all without the knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Billoux" title="François Billoux">François Billoux</a>, the Communist Minister of Defence.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_1981_p31–32_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson_1981_p31%E2%80%9332-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crisis was also escalated by the beginnings of the <a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">colonial war in Vietnam</a>, with the communist deputies in the National Assembly voting against the war. </p><p>Combined, that led Ramadier to look for a pretext to dismiss Thorez and his colleagues from the ruling coalition. On 4 May, the PCF ministers voted against the government over <a href="/wiki/Deflationary" class="mw-redirect" title="Deflationary">deflationary</a> policies such as wage and price controls, which was given as the reason for the PCF ministers being forced out of the ruling coalition on 7 May 1947. Thorez later recalled the May 1947 events: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>All my colleagues were full of praises and kindnesses for us – they were prodigal with their declarations of appeasement. Ramadier told us: 'I have no reproaches to make of you. You have always been loyal.' And <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Henri_Teitgen" title="Pierre-Henri Teitgen">Teitgen</a> came forward to say 'We shall miss you a lot!' They all threw flowers on us, the better to bury us. I knew that Ramadier was cooking up something bad, but never did I think he'd go this far…<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_1981_p31–32_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson_1981_p31%E2%80%9332-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_opposition">In opposition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Thorez&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In opposition" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Soviet_Union_1964_CPA_3087_stamp_(Commemoration_of_Maurice_Thorez_(1900-1964),_French_politician_and_longtime_leader_of_the_French_Communist_Party._Portrait_and_red_rose).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Soviet_Union_1964_CPA_3087_stamp_%28Commemoration_of_Maurice_Thorez_%281900-1964%29%2C_French_politician_and_longtime_leader_of_the_French_Communist_Party._Portrait_and_red_rose%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="891"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 310px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Soviet_Union_1964_CPA_3087_stamp_%28Commemoration_of_Maurice_Thorez_%281900-1964%29%2C_French_politician_and_longtime_leader_of_the_French_Communist_Party._Portrait_and_red_rose%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="310" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Soviet_Union_1964_CPA_3087_stamp_%28Commemoration_of_Maurice_Thorez_%281900-1964%29%2C_French_politician_and_longtime_leader_of_the_French_Communist_Party._Portrait_and_red_rose%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Soviet_Union_1964_CPA_3087_stamp_%28Commemoration_of_Maurice_Thorez_%281900-1964%29%2C_French_politician_and_longtime_leader_of_the_French_Communist_Party._Portrait_and_red_rose%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Soviet commemorative postage stamp featuring Thorez issued following his death.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1950, at the height of his popularity among party members, Thorez suffered a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> and remained in the Soviet Union for medical care until 1953. That March, Stalin died and Thorez was a member of the French delegation to Stalin's funeral. During the absence of Thorez, the party was <i>de facto</i> controlled by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Duclos" title="Jacques Duclos">Jacques Duclos</a>. Thorez resumed his duties upon returning to France. Although his health had deteriorated, Thorez remained party leader until shortly before his death in 1964 on a <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> cruise. </p><p>He published in <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> an autobiography, <i>Fils du peuple</i> (<i>Son of the People</i>, 1938). The book had been written with the help of <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Fr%C3%A9ville" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Fréville">fr:Jean Fréville</a>, who had inserted in the story a passage where the initials of the words formed the phrase "Fréville a écrit ce livre" ("Fréville wrote this book"). The passage, present on pages 36-37 of the first edition, was deleted in the following editions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945, he published <i>Une politique de grandeur française</i> (1945; "Politics of French Greatness"). </p><p>A French research institution linked to the French Communist Party and set up in the mid-1960s was named the <a href="/wiki/Institut_Maurice_Thorez" title="Institut Maurice Thorez">Institut Maurice Thorez</a>. The city of <a href="/wiki/Torez" class="mw-redirect" title="Torez">Torez</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> was named after him in 1964. In 2016, the city was given back the former name of <a href="/wiki/Chystyakove" class="mw-redirect" title="Chystyakove">Chystyakove</a> by decision of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Parliament">Ukrainian Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_Linguistic_University" title="Moscow State Linguistic University">Moscow State Linguistic University</a> was named the <i>Maurice Thorez Moscow Institute of Foreign Languages</i> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Московский институт иностранных языков имени Мориса Тореза) between 1964 and 1990. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Thorez&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bulaitis, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> One source suggests the following membership statistics: <dl><dd>1935: 86,902</dd> <dd>1936 (December): 288,483</dd> <dd>1937 (September): 328,547</dd> <dd>1938 (September): 305,000</dd> <dd>1939 (August): 270,000</dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMartelli2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Martelli, Roger (6 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gabrielperi.fr/centenaire/les-effectifs-du-pcf-de-1920-2009/">"Les effectifs du PCF de 1920 à 2009: tableaux et cartes"</a> (in French). Fondation Gabriel Péri<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2022</span>. <q>Les effectifs de la SFIO et du PCF (1913-1939)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+effectifs+du+PCF+de+1920+%C3%A0+2009%3A+tableaux+et+cartes&rft.pub=Fondation+Gabriel+P%C3%A9ri&rft.date=2020-10-06&rft.aulast=Martelli&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgabrielperi.fr%2Fcentenaire%2Fles-effectifs-du-pcf-de-1920-2009%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Thorez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeffler1992" class="citation book cs1">Leffler, Melvyn P. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pIIeG_yn72wC&dq=no+Communists+in+gov.+or+else&pg=PA158"><i>A Preponderance of Power. National Security, the Truman Administration, and the Cold War</i></a>. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804722186" title="Special:BookSources/9780804722186"><bdi>9780804722186</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Preponderance+of+Power.+National+Security%2C+the+Truman+Administration%2C+and+the+Cold+War&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780804722186&rft.aulast=Leffler&rft.aufirst=Melvyn+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpIIeG_yn72wC%26dq%3Dno%2BCommunists%2Bin%2Bgov.%2Bor%2Belse%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Thorez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson_1981_p31–32-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_1981_p31%E2%80%9332_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_1981_p31%E2%80%9332_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1981" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, R.W. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8l2xCwAAQBAJ&dq=Jefferson+Caffery+%2C+Ramadier&pg=PA31"><i>The Long March of the French Left</i></a>. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">31–</span>32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-16491-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-16491-2"><bdi>978-1-349-16491-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Long+March+of+the+French+Left&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-1-349-16491-2&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=R.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8l2xCwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DJefferson%2BCaffery%2B%252C%2BRamadier%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Thorez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claude Pennetier, notice THOREZ Maurice, May 29, 2017, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article24000">online </a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philippe Robrieux, <i>Maurice Thorez, secret life and public life</i>, Fayard, 1975.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unian.ua/politics/1342963-rada-pereymenuvala-naseleni-punkti-na-okupovanomu-donbasi-torez-na-chistyakove-krasnodon-na-sorokine.html">"Рада перейменувала населені пункти на окупованому Донбасі: Торез - на Чистякове, Краснодон - на Сорокине"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%3A+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7+-+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%2C+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD+-+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.ua%2Fpolitics%2F1342963-rada-pereymenuvala-naseleni-punkti-na-okupovanomu-donbasi-torez-na-chistyakove-krasnodon-na-sorokine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Thorez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Thorez&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li>Adereth, Maxwell. <i>The French Communist party a critical history (1920–1984), from Comintern to the colours of France</i> (Manchester UP, 1984)</li> <li>Bulaitis, John, <i>Maurice Thorez: A Biography</i>, (IB Tauris, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/maurice-thorez-9781845117252/">online</a></li> <li>Kemedjio, Cilas. "Aimé Césaire's Letter to Maurice Thorez: The Practice of Decolonization." <i>Research in African Literatures</i> 41.1 (2010): 87-108. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/ral.2010.41.1.87">online</a></li> <li>Maurice Thorez. <i>Journal 1952-1964</i> (Paris: Fayard, 2020), in French</li> <li>Morgan, Kevin, Julie Gottlieb, and Richard Toye. "Harry Pollitt, Maurice Thorez and the writing of exemplary communist lives." in <i>Making Reputations: power, persuasion and the individual in British politics</i> (IB Tauris, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/files/173654028/Morgan_Harry_Pollitt_and_exemplary_communist_lives.pdf">online</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Robrieux, Philippe. <i>Maurice Thorez. Vie secrète et vie publique</i> (Paris, Éditions Fayard, 1975), 660 pp. in French.</li> <li>Rossi, A. <i>A Communist Party in Action: An Account of the Organization and Operations in France</i> (Yale UP, 1949)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Thorez&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" class="extiw" title="commons:Maurice Thorez"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Maurice Thorez</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/thorez/index.htm">Works of Thorez</a> at <a href="/wiki/Marxists.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxists.org">marxists.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Cachin" title="Marcel Cachin">Marcel Cachin</a>, Maurice Thorez, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Marty" title="André Marty">André Marty</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ucf.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/ucf%3A5480"><i>The People's Front in France</i></a>, 1935.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/036025">Newspaper clippings about Maurice Thorez</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Semard" title="Pierre Semard">Pierre Semard</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Secretary General of the <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a> </b><br>1930–1964<br><small><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Duclos" title="Jacques Duclos">Jacques Duclos</a> as acting Secretary General from 1950 to 1953</small> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Waldeck_Rochet" title="Waldeck Rochet">Waldeck Rochet</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vacant" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacant">Vacant</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Deputy Prime Minister of France">Deputy Prime Minister of France</a> </b><br>22 January – 4 May 1947 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Henri_Teitgen" title="Pierre-Henri Teitgen">Pierre-Henri Teitgen</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Thorez&oldid=1273847813">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Thorez&oldid=1273847813</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Thorez&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Zdravko mk" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1738655391"> <span>Last edited on 4 February 2025, at 07:49</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="موريس توريز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موريس توريز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7" title="Марыс Тарэз – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марыс Тарэз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Морис Торез – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Морис Торез" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%89%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%82_%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B6" title="Μωρίς Τορέζ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μωρίς Τορέζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%ED%86%A0%EB%A0%88%EC%A6%88" title="모리스 토레즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모리스 토레즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD_%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A6" title="Մորիս Թորեզ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մորիս Թորեզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%96" title="מוריס תורז – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוריס תורז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="ماوريس ثوريز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماوريس ثوريز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="モーリス・トレーズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モーリス・トレーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7,_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Торез, Морис – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Торез, Морис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Морис Торез – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Морис Торез" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Моріс Торез – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Моріс Торез" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Maurice Thorez" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%97%E5%A3%AB" title="莫里斯·多列士 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="莫里斯·多列士" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" 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