CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"/><title>Dark Reading Global</title><meta name="description" content="Dark Reading Global"/><meta property="og:title" content="Dark Reading Global"/><meta property="og:description" content="Dark Reading Global"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.darkreading.com/program/dr-global"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.darkreading.com/build/_assets/darkreading-DSJITCUD.ico"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Dark Reading"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.darkreading.com/program/dr-global"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.darkreading.com"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"DR Global","item":"https://www.darkreading.com/program/dr-global"}]}</script><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary"/><script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.eu01.nr-data.net"]}}; ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"3936348",trustKey:"3288925",agentID:"538600199",licenseKey:"NRJS-26ae6a3b09493bbcc87",applicationID:"538600199"}; ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.eu01.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.eu01.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"NRJS-26ae6a3b09493bbcc87",applicationID:"538600199",sa:1}; ;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})(); </script><link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.cookielaw.org"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/build/_assets/styles.generated-IVZR5GKI.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/build/_assets/brand.generated-EWTQS5FG.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@100;200;300;400;500;600;700;800;900&display=swap"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@100;200;300;400;500;600;700;800;900&display=swap"/><link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/build/_assets/darkreading-DSJITCUD.ico"/><noscript><style type="text/css">.gptHideContent { opacity: 1!important; }</style></noscript><script src="https://loader.bridged.media/bridged-agent.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/4b083961-e2ac-4755-8801-f7c83a5fb187/OtAutoBlock.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-domain-script="4b083961-e2ac-4755-8801-f7c83a5fb187"></script><script> function OptanonWrapper() { const isClosed = OneTrust.IsAlertBoxClosed() const allowPersonalised = /,C0004,/.test(OnetrustActiveGroups) console.log('cookieBannerConsentChanged emit', isClosed, allowPersonalised) const event = new CustomEvent('cookieBannerConsentChanged', { detail: { allowPersonalised, isClosed } }) window.dispatchEvent(event) }</script><script async="" src="//static.adsafeprotected.com/iasPET.1.js"></script><script async="" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" type="text/javascript"></script></head><body class="brand-darkreading gptHideContent"><noscript></noscript><div id="bigsky_v"></div><div id="fb-root"></div><div id="welcome_v"></div><main data-theme="theme1" class="Provider"><div data-testid="ad_blocker" class="ads ad adsbox doubleclick ad-placement carbon-ads" style="height:1px;width:1px;position:absolute;left:-999em;top:-999em"></div><div><div data-template="layout" class="Layout"><nav data-module="navigation" aria-label="navigation" class="Navigation"><div data-testid="header" class="Navigation-HeaderWrapper"><div class="FullScreenBackground Navigation-HeaderBackground"></div><div class="Navigation-Header"><div class="InformaBar" data-component="informa-bar"><div class="InformaBar-ContentSection InformaBar-ContentSection_hidden" data-testid="informa-bar-content-section"><div class="InformaBar-LeftSection" data-testid="informa-bar-left-section"><div>Dark Reading is part of the Informa TechTarget Division of Informa PLC</div><div><a class="InformaBar-SubMenuItem" data-testid="informa-bar-sub-menu-item" href="https://www.informa.com/" title="Informa PLC" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Informa PLC</a><span class="InformaBar-Delimiter">|</span><a class="InformaBar-SubMenuItem" data-testid="informa-bar-sub-menu-item" href="https://www.informa.com/about-us/" title="ABOUT US" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ABOUT US</a><span class="InformaBar-Delimiter">|</span><a class="InformaBar-SubMenuItem" data-testid="informa-bar-sub-menu-item" href="https://www.informa.com/investors/" title="INVESTOR RELATIONS" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">INVESTOR RELATIONS</a><span class="InformaBar-Delimiter">|</span><a class="InformaBar-SubMenuItem" data-testid="informa-bar-sub-menu-item" href="https://www.informa.com/talent/" title="TALENT" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">TALENT</a></div></div><div class="InformaBar-RightSection" data-testid="informa-bar-right-section">This site is operated by a business or businesses owned by Informa PLC and all copyright resides with them. Informa PLC's registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Registered in England and Wales and Scotlan. Number 8860726.</div></div><div class="InformaBar-LogoSection" data-testid="informa-bar-logo-section" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Open Informa bar"><div class="InformaBar-LogoWrapper"><img class="InformaBar-Logo" src="/build/_assets/informaLogoWhite-RZAE7EJI.png" alt="Logo Informa"/></div><span class="InformaBar-IconWrapper InformaBar-IconWrapper_closed"><svg viewBox="0 0 320 512" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="img" xml:space="preserve" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" fill="currentColor" height="100%"><path fill="#ffffff" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></span></div></div></div></div><div class="Navigation-SecondaryMenuWrapper"><div class="FullScreenBackground Navigation-SecondaryMenuBackground"></div><div class="Navigation-SecondaryMenu"><nav data-testid="SecondaryMenu" class="SecondaryMenu"><a class="SecondaryMenu-Link" data-discover="true" href="/program/black-hat">Black Hat News</a><a class="SecondaryMenu-Link" data-discover="true" href="/program/omdia-cybersecurity">Omdia Cybersecurity</a><a class="SecondaryMenu-Link" target="_blank" href="https://reg.darkreading.com/media-kit?kcode=drsitehd">Advertise</a></nav></div></div><div style="padding-top:0px"></div><div id="navigation-header" class="Navigation-NavBase"><div data-testid="navBase" class="NavBase"><div class="NavBase-Content"><div class="FullScreenBackground NavBase-SecondaryMenuBackground"></div><div class="NavBase-HeaderWrapper"><div class="NavBase-IconsWrapper"><button data-testid="navBase-megaMenuButton" class="NavBase-MegaMenuButton" aria-label="Open Mega menu"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Bars" class="NavBase-MegaMenuIcon NavBase-MegaMenuIcon_iconVariant_small NavBase-MegaMenuIcon_iconType_bars" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Bars-F4G2A5NO.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Bars-F4G2A5NO.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button><button data-testid="SearchButtonDesktop" class="NavBase-SearchButtonDesktop" aria-label="Open Search"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Search" class="NavBase-SearchIcon NavBase-SearchIcon_iconVariant_large NavBase-SearchIcon_iconType_search" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Search-T2ANYVG5.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Search-T2ANYVG5.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button><button data-testid="SearchButtonTablet" class="NavBase-SearchButtonTablet" aria-label="Open Search in MegaMenu"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Search" class="NavBase-SearchIcon NavBase-SearchIcon_iconVariant_small NavBase-SearchIcon_iconType_search" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Search-T2ANYVG5.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Search-T2ANYVG5.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button></div><div class="NavBase-LogoWrapper"><button data-testid="navBase-LogoMegaMenuButton" class="NavBase-LogoMegaMenuButton" aria-label="Open Mega menu"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Bars" class="NavBase-LogoMegaMenuIcon NavBase-LogoMegaMenuIcon_iconVariant_small NavBase-LogoMegaMenuIcon_iconType_bars" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Bars-F4G2A5NO.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Bars-F4G2A5NO.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button><a class="NavBase-Logo" data-discover="true" href="/"><img data-testid="logo-image" data-component="image" class="NavBase-LogoImage" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blte9ead971f13c662e/65437029846d7c040a6e588d/Logo_-_Dark_Reading.svg?width=476&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blte9ead971f13c662e/65437029846d7c040a6e588d/Logo_-_Dark_Reading.svg?width=476&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Dark Reading Logo" title="Dark Reading Logo"/></a></div><div class="NavBase-RegisterWrapper"><div data-module="newsletter-signup-promo"><div class="NewsletterSignupPromo-Button NewsletterSignupPromo-Button_small NewsletterSignupButton"><a data-component="button" data-testid="headerSmallNewsletterButton" class="Button Button_size_small Button_variant_primaryFilled" href="https://dr-resources.darkreading.com/free/w_defa3135/prgm.cgi" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-name="subscribe-nav" data-action-type="sign-up"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Email" class="Button-Icon Button-Icon_position_left" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Email-47H7P533.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Email-47H7P533.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span><span class="Button-ContentWrapper">Newsletter Sign-Up</span></a></div><div class="NewsletterSignupPromo-Button NewsletterSignupPromo-Button_medium NewsletterSignupButton"><div data-component="social-share" class="SocialShare SocialShare_variant_layout Layout-SocialShare"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Twitter" class="Layout-SocialLink" href="https://twitter.com/DarkReading"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Twitter" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_twitter" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Twitter-WD5AOEQ7.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Twitter-WD5AOEQ7.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Linkedin" class="Layout-SocialLink" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/dark-reading/"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Linkedin" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_linkedin" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Linkedin-VQUF3EEQ.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Linkedin-VQUF3EEQ.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Facebook" class="Layout-SocialLink" href="https://www.facebook.com/darkreadingcom/"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Facebook" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_facebook" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Facebook-CJB5G2HY.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Facebook-CJB5G2HY.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Youtube" class="Layout-SocialLink" href="https://www.youtube.com/@DarkReadingOfficialYT"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Youtube" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_youtube" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Youtube-S4PSC4UA.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Youtube-S4PSC4UA.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="RSS" class="Layout-SocialLink" href="https://www.darkreading.com/rss.xml"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="RSS" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_rss" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/RSS-3XFHIVCK.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/RSS-3XFHIVCK.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="GoogleNews" class="Layout-SocialLink" href="https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMKmknwswtq63Aw?ceid=US:en&oc=3&hl=en-US&gl=US"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="GoogleNews" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_googleNews" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/GoogleNews-6O72APW7.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/GoogleNews-6O72APW7.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a></div><a data-component="button" data-testid="headerMediumNewsletterButton" class="Button Button_size_medium Button_variant_primaryFilled" href="https://dr-resources.darkreading.com/free/w_defa3135/prgm.cgi" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-name="subscribe-nav" data-action-type="sign-up"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Email" class="Button-Icon Button-Icon_position_left" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Email-47H7P533.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Email-47H7P533.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span><span class="Button-ContentWrapper">Newsletter Sign-Up</span></a></div></div><button data-testid="RegisterSearchButton" class="NavBase-RegisterSearchButton" aria-label="Open Search in MegaMenu"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Search" class="NavBase-SearchIcon NavBase-SearchIcon_iconVariant_large NavBase-SearchIcon_iconType_search" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Search-T2ANYVG5.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Search-T2ANYVG5.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button></div></div><div class="NavBase-SearchWrapper"><div class="FullScreenBackground NavBase-SearchBackground"></div><button data-testid="SearchCloseButton" class="NavBase-SearchCloseButton" aria-label="Close Search"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Close" class="NavBase-SearchIcon NavBase-SearchIcon_iconVariant_medium NavBase-SearchIcon_iconType_close" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Close-KKOYAUD6.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Close-KKOYAUD6.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button></div></div></div><div class="Navigation-MainMenu"><div data-testid="mainMenu"><div class="FullScreenBackground MainMenu-BackgroundSubmenu"></div><div class="FullScreenBackground MainMenu-BackgroundMenuItem"></div><div class="MainMenu-Content"><div class="MainMenu-MegaMenuButtonWrapper"><button data-testid="mainMenu-MegaMenuButton" aria-label="Open MegaMenu" class="MainMenu-MegaMenuButton"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Bars" class="MainMenu-MegaMenuIcon" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Bars-F4G2A5NO.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Bars-F4G2A5NO.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button></div><div class="MainMenu-ItemsWrapper" role="menu"><div class="MainMenu-MenuItemWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-MenuItem" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" data-testid="openSubMenu" aria-label="Open Sub menu of Cybersecurity Topics"><span class="MainMenu-MainTitle">Cybersecurity Topics<span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronDown" class="MainMenu-SubMenuIcon" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronDown-PF4EH6J6.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronDown-PF4EH6J6.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></div><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuContent"><div data-module="sub-menu" class="SubMenu MainMenu-SubMenu" role="presentation"><div class="SubMenu-Container"><div class="SubMenu-RelatedTopicsWrapper"><h4 class="SubMenu-RelatedTopics">Related Topics</h4><div class="SubMenu-CasualLinkWrapper" data-testid="related"><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/application-security">Application Security</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/cybersecurity-operations/cybersecurity-careers">Cybersecurity Careers</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/cloud-security">Cloud Security</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk">Cyber Risk</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches">Cyberattacks & Data Breaches</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/cybersecurity-analytics">Cybersecurity Analytics</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/cybersecurity-operations">Cybersecurity Operations</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk/data-privacy">Data Privacy</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/endpoint-security">Endpoint Security</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/ics-ot-security">ICS/OT Security</a></li></ul><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/cybersecurity-operations/identity-access-management-security">Identity & Access Mgmt Security</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/vulnerabilities-threats/insider-threats">Insider Threats</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/ics-ot-security/iot">IoT</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/endpoint-security/mobile-security">Mobile Security</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/cybersecurity-operations/perimeter">Perimeter</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/cybersecurity-operations/physical-security">Physical Security</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/endpoint-security/remote-workforce">Remote Workforce</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/threat-intelligence">Threat Intelligence</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/vulnerabilities-threats">Vulnerabilities & Threats</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentWrapper" data-testid="recent"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MainMenu-MenuItemWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-MenuItem" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" data-testid="openSubMenu" aria-label="Open Sub menu of World "><span class="MainMenu-MainTitle">World <span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronDown" class="MainMenu-SubMenuIcon" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronDown-PF4EH6J6.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronDown-PF4EH6J6.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></div><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuContent"><div data-module="sub-menu" class="SubMenu MainMenu-SubMenu" role="presentation"><div class="SubMenu-Container"><div class="SubMenu-RelatedTopicsWrapper"><h4 class="SubMenu-RelatedTopics">Related Topics</h4><div class="SubMenu-CasualLinkWrapper" data-testid="related"><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/program/dr-global">DR Global</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/keyword/middle-east-africa">Middle East & Africa</a></li></ul><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/keyword/asia-pacific">Asia Pacific</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentWrapper" data-testid="recent"><div data-testid="see-more" class="SubMenu-SeeMore"><a class="SubMenu-MoreContent SubMenu-MoreContent_noRecent" data-discover="true" href="/program/dr-global"><span class="SubMenu-SeeMoreText">See All</span><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="SubMenu-SeeMoreIcon" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronRight-NHDKEYGJ.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronRight-NHDKEYGJ.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MainMenu-TitleWrapper"><a class="MainMenu-Title" data-discover="true" href="/program/the-edge">The Edge</a></div><div class="MainMenu-TitleWrapper"><a class="MainMenu-Title" data-discover="true" href="/program/dr-technology">DR Technology</a></div><div class="MainMenu-MenuItemWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-MenuItem" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" data-testid="openSubMenu" aria-label="Open Sub menu of Events"><span class="MainMenu-MainTitle">Events<span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronDown" class="MainMenu-SubMenuIcon" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronDown-PF4EH6J6.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronDown-PF4EH6J6.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></div><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuContent"><div data-module="sub-menu" class="SubMenu MainMenu-SubMenu" role="presentation"><div class="SubMenu-Container"><div class="SubMenu-RelatedTopicsWrapper"><h4 class="SubMenu-RelatedTopics">Related Topics</h4><div class="SubMenu-CasualLinkWrapper" data-testid="related"><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/events">Upcoming Events</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li></ul><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/resources?types=Webinar">Webinars</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentWrapper" data-testid="recent"><div data-testid="see-more" class="SubMenu-SeeMore"><a class="SubMenu-MoreContent SubMenu-MoreContent_noRecent" data-discover="true" href="/events"><span class="SubMenu-SeeMoreText">SEE ALL</span><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="SubMenu-SeeMoreIcon" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronRight-NHDKEYGJ.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronRight-NHDKEYGJ.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MainMenu-MenuItemWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-MenuItem" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" data-testid="openSubMenu" aria-label="Open Sub menu of Resources"><span class="MainMenu-MainTitle">Resources<span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronDown" class="MainMenu-SubMenuIcon" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronDown-PF4EH6J6.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronDown-PF4EH6J6.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></div><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuContent"><div data-module="sub-menu" class="SubMenu MainMenu-SubMenu" role="presentation"><div class="SubMenu-Container"><div class="SubMenu-RelatedTopicsWrapper"><h4 class="SubMenu-RelatedTopics">Related Topics</h4><div class="SubMenu-CasualLinkWrapper" data-testid="related"><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/resources">Library</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://dr-resources.darkreading.com/free/w_defa3135/prgm.cgi">Newsletters</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/resources?types=Report">Reports</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/videos">Videos</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/resources?types=Webinar">Webinars</a></li></ul><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/resources?types=Whitepaper">Whitepapers</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/ "> </a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/ "> </a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/ "> </a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/ "> </a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" data-discover="true" href="/keyword/partner-perspectives">Partner Perspectives</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentWrapper" data-testid="recent"><div data-testid="see-more" class="SubMenu-SeeMore"><a class="SubMenu-MoreContent SubMenu-MoreContent_noRecent" data-discover="true" href="/resources"><span class="SubMenu-SeeMoreText">SEE ALL</span><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="SubMenu-SeeMoreIcon" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronRight-NHDKEYGJ.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronRight-NHDKEYGJ.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MainMenu-SearchButtonWrapper"><button data-testid="mainMenu-SearchButton" aria-label="Open Search" class="MainMenu-SearchButton"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Search" class="MainMenu-SearchButtonIcon" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Search-T2ANYVG5.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Search-T2ANYVG5.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button></div></div><div class="MainMenu-SearchWrapper"><div class="FullScreenBackground MainMenu-SearchBackground MainMenu-SearchBackground_withSearchBar"></div><button data-testid="mainMenu-SearchCloseButton" class="MainMenu-SearchCloseButton" aria-label="Close Search"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Close" class="MainMenu-SearchCloseIcon" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Close-KKOYAUD6.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Close-KKOYAUD6.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button></div></div></div></div></nav><section class="Layout-Section"><div id="iiris-identity" data-testid="iris-identity"></div><div data-template="program-list-page" class="ProgramListPage"><div class="OneColumnLayout"><ul data-component="breadcrumb" class="Breadcrumb ProgramListPage-Breadcrumbs"><li class="Breadcrumb-ListItem"><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="Breadcrumb-DividerIcon Breadcrumb-PrevIcon" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronRight-NHDKEYGJ.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronRight-NHDKEYGJ.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span><a class="Breadcrumb-GetText Breadcrumb-GetText_isNearLastItem" data-testid="breadcrumb-link" data-discover="true" href="/">Home</a><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="Breadcrumb-DividerIcon Breadcrumb-NextIcon" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronRight-NHDKEYGJ.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronRight-NHDKEYGJ.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></li><li class="Breadcrumb-ListItem"><a class="Breadcrumb-GetText Breadcrumb-GetText_isLastItem" data-testid="breadcrumb-link" data-discover="true" href="/program/dr-global">DR Global</a></li></ul><div class="ProgramListPage-Header"><a data-discover="true" href="/program/dr-global"><div data-component="program-header" class="ProgramHeader ProgramHeader_mode_light"><div data-testid="program-header-content" class="ProgramHeader-Content ProgramHeader-Content_mode_light" style="background-color:#"><img data-component="image" class="ProgramHeader-Logo ProgramHeader-Logo_mode_light" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltc8a6395802cafad0/654e0d60123f32040a075bab/Dark_Reading_Logo_Global_k.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltc8a6395802cafad0/654e0d60123f32040a075bab/Dark_Reading_Logo_Global_k.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Dark Reading Global Logo" title="Dark Reading Global Logo"/><div class="ProgramHeader-Description ProgramHeader-Description_mode_light" data-testid="program-header-description"><p>Breaking cybersecurity news, news analysis, commentary, and other content from around the world, with an initial focus on the Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific.</p></div></div><div class=""></div></div></a></div><div class="ProgramListPage-Wrapper"><div data-module="top-featured" class="TopFeatured TopFeatured_variant_featured"><div class="TopFeatured-FeatureItem"><div class="FeatureItem-FeatureItemWrapper FeatureItem-FeatureItemWrapper_isBigFeature" role="presentation"><a aria-label="Read more about: Gootloader Cyberattackers Target Bengal-Cat Aficionados in Oz" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/gootloader-cyberattackers-bengal-cat-aficionados-oz"></a><div class="FeatureItem-HeaderContainer"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_cyberattacksDataBreaches FeatureItem-Keyword" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches">Cyberattacks & Data Breaches</a></div><div class="FeatureItem-FooterContainer"><h2 class="FeatureItem-Title">Gootloader Cyberattackers Target Bengal-Cat Aficionados in Oz</h2><div class="FeatureItem-FooterWrapper FeatureItem-FooterWrapper_contributors"><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline FeatureItem-ContributorWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" data-discover="true" href="/author/dark-reading-staff">Dark Reading Staff</a><span class="Contributors-ContributorTitle" data-testid="contributor-title">, Dark Reading</span></div></div><p class="FeatureItem-Date">Nov 7, 2024</p></div></div><div class="FeatureItem-ImageContainer FeatureItem-ImageContainer_isBigFeature"><img data-component="image" class="FeatureItem-FeatureImage" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltd502f5f16eccdd60/672e338375f0c35eb5c9bb85/bengal-cat-Juniors_Bildarchiv_GmbH-Alamy.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltd502f5f16eccdd60/672e338375f0c35eb5c9bb85/bengal-cat-Juniors_Bildarchiv_GmbH-Alamy.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="eager" alt="2 adult Bengal cats in an apartment" title="2 adult Bengal cats in an apartment"/></div></div></div><div class="TopFeatured-FeatureItems"><div class="FeatureItem-FeatureItemWrapper" role="presentation"><a aria-label="Read more about: African Reliance on Foreign Suppliers Boosts Insecurity Concerns" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk/african-reliance-on-foreign-suppliers-boosts-insecurity"></a><div class="FeatureItem-HeaderContainer"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_cyberRisk FeatureItem-Keyword" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk">Cyber Risk</a></div><div class="FeatureItem-FooterContainer"><h2 class="FeatureItem-Title">African Reliance on Foreign Suppliers Boosts Insecurity Concerns</h2><div class="FeatureItem-FooterWrapper FeatureItem-FooterWrapper_contributors"><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline FeatureItem-ContributorWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" data-discover="true" href="/author/robert-lemos">Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer</a></div></div><p class="FeatureItem-Date">Nov 20, 2024</p></div></div><div class="FeatureItem-ImageContainer"><img data-component="image" class="FeatureItem-FeatureImage" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blta774399a3328f72d/65ca92eb3900f2040ac3f04a/cg_alex-africa-centered-globe-shutterstock.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blta774399a3328f72d/65ca92eb3900f2040ac3f04a/cg_alex-africa-centered-globe-shutterstock.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="eager" alt="Green globe showing Africa" title="Green globe showing Africa"/></div></div><div class="FeatureItem-FeatureItemWrapper" role="presentation"><a aria-label="Read more about: APT36 Refines Tools in Attacks on Indian Targets" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/apt36-refines-tools-attacks-indian-targets"></a><div class="FeatureItem-HeaderContainer"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_cyberattacksDataBreaches FeatureItem-Keyword" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches">Cyberattacks & Data Breaches</a></div><div class="FeatureItem-FooterContainer"><h2 class="FeatureItem-Title">APT36 Refines Tools in Attacks on Indian Targets</h2><div class="FeatureItem-FooterWrapper FeatureItem-FooterWrapper_contributors"><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline FeatureItem-ContributorWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" data-discover="true" href="/author/jai-vijayan">Jai Vijayan, Contributing Writer</a></div></div><p class="FeatureItem-Date">Nov 4, 2024</p></div></div><div class="FeatureItem-ImageContainer"><img data-component="image" class="FeatureItem-FeatureImage" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt8507d30a7f1ddee0/67293d75e34a69dd96e96afa/pakistan_Mehaniq_shutterstock.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt8507d30a7f1ddee0/67293d75e34a69dd96e96afa/pakistan_Mehaniq_shutterstock.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="eager" alt="The Pakistan flag projected on a computer screen showing program code" title="The Pakistan flag projected on a computer screen showing program code"/></div></div></div></div><div data-module="two-column-highlight" class="TwoColumnHighlight"><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-Column" data-testid="two-column-highlight-column"><p class="TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnTitle" data-testid="column-title">News from Middle East & Africa</p><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnItem TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnItem_itemType_primary" data-testid="two-column-highlight-column-item"><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-ImageContainer"><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-ImageAspectWrapper"><a data-discover="true" href="/application-security/israel-defies-downturn-security-funding"><img data-component="image" class="TwoColumnHighlight-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltf45aedac7f619d1e/6744f4c5df95885d64555b94/thinkhubstudio-investment-security-shutterstock.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltf45aedac7f619d1e/6744f4c5df95885d64555b94/thinkhubstudio-investment-security-shutterstock.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Hands holing and working a tablet, overlaid with charts" title="Hands holing and working a tablet, overlaid with charts"/></a></div><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_applicationSecurity TwoColumnHighlight-PrimaryItemCategory" data-discover="true" href="/application-security">Application Security</a></div><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-SupplementalItemTitleWrapper"><a class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_displayOption_default TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_itemType_primary" data-testid="column-item-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/application-security/israel-defies-downturn-security-funding">Israel Defies VC Downturn With More Cybersecurity Investments</a><a class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_displayOption_mobile TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_itemType_primary" data-testid="column-item-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/application-security/israel-defies-downturn-security-funding">Israel Defies VC Downturn With More Cybersecurity Investments</a></div><p data-testid="column-item-summary" class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemSummary TwoColumnHighlight-ItemSummary_itemType_primary">With a focus on creating technologies for other markets, Israel continues to be a valued destination for venture capital in cybersecurity outside the US and Europe.</p></div><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-SupplementalItemsList"><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnItem TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnItem_itemType_supplemental" data-testid="two-column-highlight-column-item"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_cybersecurityOperations TwoColumnHighlight-SupplementalCategory" data-discover="true" href="/cybersecurity-operations">Cybersecurity Operations</a><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-SupplementalItemTitleWrapper"><a class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_displayOption_default TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_itemType_supplemental" data-testid="column-item-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/cybersecurity-operations/endace-establishes-middle-east-regional-headquarters-in-saudi-arabia">Endace Establishes Middle East Regional Headquarters in Saudi Arabia</a><a class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_displayOption_mobile TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_itemType_supplemental" data-testid="column-item-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/cybersecurity-operations/endace-establishes-middle-east-regional-headquarters-in-saudi-arabia">Endace Establishes Middle East Regional Headquarters in Saudi Arabia</a></div><p data-testid="column-item-summary" class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemSummary TwoColumnHighlight-ItemSummary_itemType_supplemental"> </p></div><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnItem TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnItem_itemType_supplemental" data-testid="two-column-highlight-column-item"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_cyberRisk TwoColumnHighlight-SupplementalCategory" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk">Cyber Risk</a><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-SupplementalItemTitleWrapper"><a class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_displayOption_default TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_itemType_supplemental" data-testid="column-item-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk/african-reliance-on-foreign-suppliers-boosts-insecurity">African Reliance on Foreign Suppliers Boosts Insecurity Concerns</a><a class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_displayOption_mobile TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_itemType_supplemental" data-testid="column-item-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk/african-reliance-on-foreign-suppliers-boosts-insecurity">African Reliance on Foreign Suppliers Boosts Insecurity Concerns</a></div><p data-testid="column-item-summary" class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemSummary TwoColumnHighlight-ItemSummary_itemType_supplemental">Recent backdoor implants and cyber-espionage attacks on their supply chains have African organizations looking to diversify beyond Chinese, American tech vendors.</p></div></div><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnButtonWrapper"><a data-component="button" data-testid="button_a" class="Button Button_size_medium Button_variant_textLink TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnButton" href="https://www.darkreading.com/keyword/middle-east-africa" target="_blank"><span class="Button-ContentWrapper">More Middle East & Africa News</span><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="Button-Icon Button-Icon_position_right" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronRight-NHDKEYGJ.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronRight-NHDKEYGJ.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div></div><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-Column" data-testid="two-column-highlight-column"><p class="TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnTitle" data-testid="column-title">News from Asia Pacific</p><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnItem TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnItem_itemType_primary" data-testid="two-column-highlight-column-item"><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-ImageContainer"><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-ImageAspectWrapper"><a data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/yakuza-victim-data-leaked-japanese-attack"><img data-component="image" class="TwoColumnHighlight-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt542489a536cab0f1/6740d347fba932e2d2b824db/yakuza-Robert_Gilhooly-Alamy.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt542489a536cab0f1/6740d347fba932e2d2b824db/yakuza-Robert_Gilhooly-Alamy.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="A scattered group of magazines about Japan's underworld" title="A scattered group of magazines about Japan's underworld"/></a></div><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_cyberattacksDataBreaches TwoColumnHighlight-PrimaryItemCategory" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches">Cyberattacks & Data Breaches</a></div><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-SupplementalItemTitleWrapper"><a class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_displayOption_default TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_itemType_primary" data-testid="column-item-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/yakuza-victim-data-leaked-japanese-attack">Yakuza Victim Data Leaked in Japanese Agency Attack</a><a class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_displayOption_mobile TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_itemType_primary" data-testid="column-item-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/yakuza-victim-data-leaked-japanese-attack">Yakuza Victim Data Leaked in Japanese Agency Attack</a></div><p data-testid="column-item-summary" class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemSummary TwoColumnHighlight-ItemSummary_itemType_primary">A local government resource for helping Japanese citizens cut ties with organized crime was successfully phished in a tech support scam, and could have dangerous consequences.</p></div><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-SupplementalItemsList"><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnItem TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnItem_itemType_supplemental" data-testid="two-column-highlight-column-item"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_cyberattacksDataBreaches TwoColumnHighlight-SupplementalCategory" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches">Cyberattacks & Data Breaches</a><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-SupplementalItemTitleWrapper"><a class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_displayOption_default TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_itemType_supplemental" data-testid="column-item-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/gootloader-cyberattackers-bengal-cat-aficionados-oz">Gootloader Cyberattackers Target Bengal-Cat Aficionados in Oz</a><a class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_displayOption_mobile TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_itemType_supplemental" data-testid="column-item-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/gootloader-cyberattackers-bengal-cat-aficionados-oz">Gootloader Cyberattackers Target Bengal-Cat Fans in Oz</a></div><p data-testid="column-item-summary" class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemSummary TwoColumnHighlight-ItemSummary_itemType_supplemental">It's unclear what the threat actors have against this particular breed of cat, but it's taking down the kitty's enthusiasts with SEO-poisoned links and malware payloads.</p></div><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnItem TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnItem_itemType_supplemental" data-testid="two-column-highlight-column-item"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_cyberattacksDataBreaches TwoColumnHighlight-SupplementalCategory" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches">Cyberattacks & Data Breaches</a><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-SupplementalItemTitleWrapper"><a class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_displayOption_default TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_itemType_supplemental" data-testid="column-item-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/apt36-refines-tools-attacks-indian-targets">APT36 Refines Tools in Attacks on Indian Targets</a><a class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_displayOption_mobile TwoColumnHighlight-ItemTitle_itemType_supplemental" data-testid="column-item-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/apt36-refines-tools-attacks-indian-targets">APT36 Refines Tools in Attacks on Indian Targets</a></div><p data-testid="column-item-summary" class="TwoColumnHighlight-ItemSummary TwoColumnHighlight-ItemSummary_itemType_supplemental">The Pakistan-based advanced persistent threat actor has been carrying on a cyber-espionage campaign targeting organizations on the subcontinent for more than a decade, and it's now using a new and improved "ElizaRAT" malware.</p></div></div><div class="TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnButtonWrapper"><a data-component="button" data-testid="button_a" class="Button Button_size_medium Button_variant_textLink TwoColumnHighlight-ColumnButton" href="https://www.darkreading.com/keyword/asia-pacific" target="_blank"><span class="Button-ContentWrapper">More Asia Pacific News</span><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="Button-Icon Button-Icon_position_right" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronRight-NHDKEYGJ.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/ChevronRight-NHDKEYGJ.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div></div></div><div data-module="latest-featured" class="LatestFeatured"><div class="LatestFeatured-ColumnList LatestFeatured-ColumnList_left" data-testid="list-content"><p class="LatestFeatured-Title" data-testid="list-content-title">Latest News From DR Global</p><div class="LatestFeatured-Content LatestFeatured-Content_left"><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem LatestFeatured-ContentItem_left" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="small"><div class="ListPreview"><div class="ListPreview-Container"><div class="ListPreview-ImageWrapper"><a aria-label="Read more about: Hands holing and working a tablet, overlaid with charts" data-discover="true" href="/application-security/israel-defies-downturn-security-funding"><div title="Hands holing and working a tablet, overlaid with charts"><img data-component="image" class="ListPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltf45aedac7f619d1e/6744f4c5df95885d64555b94/thinkhubstudio-investment-security-shutterstock.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltf45aedac7f619d1e/6744f4c5df95885d64555b94/thinkhubstudio-investment-security-shutterstock.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Hands holing and working a tablet, overlaid with charts" title="Hands holing and working a tablet, overlaid with charts"/></div></a></div><div class="ListPreview-ContentWrapper"><div class="ListPreview-KeywordWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_applicationSecurity ListPreview-Keyword" data-discover="true" href="/application-security">Application Security</a></div><div class="ListPreview-TitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/application-security/israel-defies-downturn-security-funding">Israel Defies VC Downturn With More Cybersecurity Investments</a></div><div class="ListPreview-MobileTitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/application-security/israel-defies-downturn-security-funding">Israel Defies VC Downturn With More Cybersecurity Investments</a></div><div class="ListPreview-Footer"><span class="ListPreview-Date" data-testid="list-preview-date">Nov 27, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>5 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ListPreview-ContributorsWrapper"><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline Contributors_cardVariant_small Contributors_hasAvatar" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-AvatarWrapper"><a class="Contributors-AvatarLink" aria-label="Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer" data-discover="true" href="/author/robert-lemos"><img aria-hidden="true" data-testid="contributor-avatar" data-component="image" class="Contributors-Avatar" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Picture of Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer" title="Picture of Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer"/></a></div><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" data-discover="true" href="/author/robert-lemos">Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem LatestFeatured-ContentItem_left" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="small"><div class="ListPreview"><div class="ListPreview-Container"><div class="ListPreview-ImageWrapper"><a aria-label="Read more about: A scattered group of magazines about Japan's underworld" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/yakuza-victim-data-leaked-japanese-attack"><div title="A scattered group of magazines about Japan's underworld"><img data-component="image" class="ListPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt542489a536cab0f1/6740d347fba932e2d2b824db/yakuza-Robert_Gilhooly-Alamy.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt542489a536cab0f1/6740d347fba932e2d2b824db/yakuza-Robert_Gilhooly-Alamy.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="A scattered group of magazines about Japan's underworld" title="A scattered group of magazines about Japan's underworld"/></div></a></div><div class="ListPreview-ContentWrapper"><div class="ListPreview-KeywordWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_cyberattacksDataBreaches ListPreview-Keyword" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches">Cyberattacks & Data Breaches</a></div><div class="ListPreview-TitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/yakuza-victim-data-leaked-japanese-attack">Yakuza Victim Data Leaked in Japanese Agency Attack</a></div><div class="ListPreview-MobileTitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/yakuza-victim-data-leaked-japanese-attack">Yakuza Victim Data Leaked in Japanese Agency Attack</a></div><div class="ListPreview-Footer"><span class="ListPreview-Date" data-testid="list-preview-date">Nov 22, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>1 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ListPreview-ContributorsWrapper"><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline Contributors_cardVariant_small Contributors_hasAvatar" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-AvatarWrapper"><a class="Contributors-AvatarLink" aria-label="Dark Reading Staff" data-discover="true" href="/author/dark-reading-staff"><img aria-hidden="true" data-testid="contributor-avatar" data-component="image" class="Contributors-Avatar" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Picture of Dark Reading Staff" title="Picture of Dark Reading Staff"/></a></div><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" data-discover="true" href="/author/dark-reading-staff">Dark Reading Staff</a><span class="Contributors-ContributorTitle" data-testid="contributor-title">, Dark Reading</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem LatestFeatured-ContentItem_left" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="small"><div class="ListPreview"><div class="ListPreview-Container"><div class="ListPreview-ImageWrapper"><a aria-label="Read more about: PR Logo" data-discover="true" href="/cybersecurity-operations/endace-establishes-middle-east-regional-headquarters-in-saudi-arabia"><div title="PR Logo"><img data-component="image" class="ListPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt850556f866500627/654a5a8e05eb4d040a046894/325351_DR23_Graphics_General_Large_Text_v1.png?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt850556f866500627/654a5a8e05eb4d040a046894/325351_DR23_Graphics_General_Large_Text_v1.png?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="PR Logo" title="PR Logo"/></div></a></div><div class="ListPreview-ContentWrapper"><div class="ListPreview-KeywordWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_cybersecurityOperations ListPreview-Keyword" data-discover="true" href="/cybersecurity-operations">Cybersecurity Operations</a></div><div class="ListPreview-TitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/cybersecurity-operations/endace-establishes-middle-east-regional-headquarters-in-saudi-arabia">Endace Establishes Middle East Regional Headquarters in Saudi Arabia</a></div><div class="ListPreview-MobileTitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/cybersecurity-operations/endace-establishes-middle-east-regional-headquarters-in-saudi-arabia">Endace Establishes Middle East Regional Headquarters in Saudi Arabia</a></div><div class="ListPreview-Footer"><span class="ListPreview-Date" data-testid="list-preview-date">Nov 21, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>2 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem LatestFeatured-ContentItem_left" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="small"><div class="ListPreview"><div class="ListPreview-Container"><div class="ListPreview-ImageWrapper"><a aria-label="Read more about: Green globe showing Africa" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk/african-reliance-on-foreign-suppliers-boosts-insecurity"><div title="Green globe showing Africa"><img data-component="image" class="ListPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blta774399a3328f72d/65ca92eb3900f2040ac3f04a/cg_alex-africa-centered-globe-shutterstock.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blta774399a3328f72d/65ca92eb3900f2040ac3f04a/cg_alex-africa-centered-globe-shutterstock.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Green globe showing Africa" title="Green globe showing Africa"/></div></a></div><div class="ListPreview-ContentWrapper"><div class="ListPreview-KeywordWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_cyberRisk ListPreview-Keyword" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk">Cyber Risk</a></div><div class="ListPreview-TitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk/african-reliance-on-foreign-suppliers-boosts-insecurity">African Reliance on Foreign Suppliers Boosts Insecurity Concerns</a></div><div class="ListPreview-MobileTitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk/african-reliance-on-foreign-suppliers-boosts-insecurity">African Reliance on Foreign Suppliers Boosts Insecurity Concerns</a></div><div class="ListPreview-Footer"><span class="ListPreview-Date" data-testid="list-preview-date">Nov 20, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>5 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ListPreview-ContributorsWrapper"><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline Contributors_cardVariant_small Contributors_hasAvatar" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-AvatarWrapper"><a class="Contributors-AvatarLink" aria-label="Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer" data-discover="true" href="/author/robert-lemos"><img aria-hidden="true" data-testid="contributor-avatar" data-component="image" class="Contributors-Avatar" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Picture of Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer" title="Picture of Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer"/></a></div><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" data-discover="true" href="/author/robert-lemos">Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem LatestFeatured-ContentItem_left" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="small"><div class="ListPreview"><div class="ListPreview-Container"><div class="ListPreview-ImageWrapper"><a aria-label="Read more about: The Palestine flag overlaid with binary code" data-discover="true" href="/threat-intelligence/hamas-hackers-spy-mideast-govts-disrupt-israel"><div title="The Palestine flag overlaid with binary code"><img data-component="image" class="ListPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt50527cbbfa2a924a/6734dc447bec925b9796de5a/Palestine_flag_binary-Christophe_Coat-Alamy.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt50527cbbfa2a924a/6734dc447bec925b9796de5a/Palestine_flag_binary-Christophe_Coat-Alamy.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="The Palestine flag overlaid with binary code" title="The Palestine flag overlaid with binary code"/></div></a></div><div class="ListPreview-ContentWrapper"><div class="ListPreview-KeywordWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_threatIntelligence ListPreview-Keyword" data-discover="true" href="/threat-intelligence">Threat Intelligence</a></div><div class="ListPreview-TitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/threat-intelligence/hamas-hackers-spy-mideast-govts-disrupt-israel">Hamas Hackers Spy on Mideast Gov'ts, Disrupt Israel</a></div><div class="ListPreview-MobileTitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/threat-intelligence/hamas-hackers-spy-mideast-govts-disrupt-israel">Hamas Hackers Spy on Mideast Gov'ts, Disrupt Israel</a></div><div class="ListPreview-Footer"><span class="ListPreview-Date" data-testid="list-preview-date">Nov 14, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>4 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ListPreview-ContributorsWrapper"><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline Contributors_cardVariant_small Contributors_hasAvatar" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-AvatarWrapper"><a class="Contributors-AvatarLink" aria-label="Nate Nelson, Contributing Writer" data-discover="true" href="/author/nate-nelson"><img aria-hidden="true" data-testid="contributor-avatar" data-component="image" class="Contributors-Avatar" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt00df7fa701809c8c/64f15c901c6887515143a4d1/Nate-Nelson_(1).jpg?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt00df7fa701809c8c/64f15c901c6887515143a4d1/Nate-Nelson_(1).jpg?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Picture of Nate Nelson, Contributing Writer" title="Picture of Nate Nelson, Contributing Writer"/></a></div><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" data-discover="true" href="/author/nate-nelson">Nate Nelson, Contributing Writer</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem LatestFeatured-ContentItem_left" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="small"><div class="ListPreview"><div class="ListPreview-Container"><div class="ListPreview-ImageWrapper"><a aria-label="Read more about: A person's finger about to click on the LinkedIn app on a phone" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/iranian-cybercriminals-aerospace-workers-linkedin"><div title="A person's finger about to click on the LinkedIn app on a phone"><img data-component="image" class="ListPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltfcf80168293e77d7/671c03c54e6dda81c8dcf8f4/linkedin_1800_Iain_Masterton_alamy.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltfcf80168293e77d7/671c03c54e6dda81c8dcf8f4/linkedin_1800_Iain_Masterton_alamy.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="A person's finger about to click on the LinkedIn app on a phone" title="A person's finger about to click on the LinkedIn app on a phone"/></div></a></div><div class="ListPreview-ContentWrapper"><div class="ListPreview-KeywordWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_cyberattacksDataBreaches ListPreview-Keyword" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches">Cyberattacks & Data Breaches</a></div><div class="ListPreview-TitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/iranian-cybercriminals-aerospace-workers-linkedin">Iranian Cybercriminals Target Aerospace Workers via LinkedIn</a></div><div class="ListPreview-MobileTitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/iranian-cybercriminals-aerospace-workers-linkedin">Iranian Cybercriminals Target Aerospace Workers via LinkedIn</a></div><div class="ListPreview-Footer"><span class="ListPreview-Date" data-testid="list-preview-date">Nov 13, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>2 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ListPreview-ContributorsWrapper"><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline Contributors_cardVariant_small Contributors_hasAvatar" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-AvatarWrapper"><a class="Contributors-AvatarLink" aria-label="Dark Reading Staff" data-discover="true" href="/author/dark-reading-staff"><img aria-hidden="true" data-testid="contributor-avatar" data-component="image" class="Contributors-Avatar" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Picture of Dark Reading Staff" title="Picture of Dark Reading Staff"/></a></div><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" data-discover="true" href="/author/dark-reading-staff">Dark Reading Staff</a><span class="Contributors-ContributorTitle" data-testid="contributor-title">, Dark Reading</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem LatestFeatured-ContentItem_left" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="small"><div class="ListPreview"><div class="ListPreview-Container"><div class="ListPreview-ImageWrapper"><a aria-label="Read more about: Middle East purple lights" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk/middle-east-cybersecurity-efforts-catch-up"><div title="Middle East purple lights"><img data-component="image" class="ListPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt63f2693583b3cbf2/655c97a09876cf040a5f55c1/middle_east_purple_KamilSD_Alamy.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt63f2693583b3cbf2/655c97a09876cf040a5f55c1/middle_east_purple_KamilSD_Alamy.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Middle East purple lights" title="Middle East purple lights"/></div></a></div><div class="ListPreview-ContentWrapper"><div class="ListPreview-KeywordWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_cyberRisk ListPreview-Keyword" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk">Cyber Risk</a></div><div class="ListPreview-TitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk/middle-east-cybersecurity-efforts-catch-up">Middle East Cybersecurity Efforts Catch Up After Late Start</a></div><div class="ListPreview-MobileTitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk/middle-east-cybersecurity-efforts-catch-up">Middle East Cybersecurity Efforts Catch Up After Late Start</a></div><div class="ListPreview-Footer"><span class="ListPreview-Date" data-testid="list-preview-date">Nov 13, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>4 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ListPreview-ContributorsWrapper"><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline Contributors_cardVariant_small Contributors_hasAvatar" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-AvatarWrapper"><a class="Contributors-AvatarLink" aria-label="Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer" data-discover="true" href="/author/robert-lemos"><img aria-hidden="true" data-testid="contributor-avatar" data-component="image" class="Contributors-Avatar" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Picture of Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer" title="Picture of Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer"/></a></div><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" data-discover="true" href="/author/robert-lemos">Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem LatestFeatured-ContentItem_left" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="small"><div class="ListPreview"><div class="ListPreview-Container"><div class="ListPreview-ImageWrapper"><a aria-label="Read more about: 2 adult Bengal cats in an apartment" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/gootloader-cyberattackers-bengal-cat-aficionados-oz"><div title="2 adult Bengal cats in an apartment"><img data-component="image" class="ListPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltd502f5f16eccdd60/672e338375f0c35eb5c9bb85/bengal-cat-Juniors_Bildarchiv_GmbH-Alamy.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltd502f5f16eccdd60/672e338375f0c35eb5c9bb85/bengal-cat-Juniors_Bildarchiv_GmbH-Alamy.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="2 adult Bengal cats in an apartment" title="2 adult Bengal cats in an apartment"/></div></a></div><div class="ListPreview-ContentWrapper"><div class="ListPreview-KeywordWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_cyberattacksDataBreaches ListPreview-Keyword" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches">Cyberattacks & Data Breaches</a></div><div class="ListPreview-TitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/gootloader-cyberattackers-bengal-cat-aficionados-oz">Gootloader Cyberattackers Target Bengal-Cat Aficionados in Oz</a></div><div class="ListPreview-MobileTitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/gootloader-cyberattackers-bengal-cat-aficionados-oz">Gootloader Cyberattackers Target Bengal-Cat Fans in Oz</a></div><div class="ListPreview-Footer"><span class="ListPreview-Date" data-testid="list-preview-date">Nov 7, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>1 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ListPreview-ContributorsWrapper"><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline Contributors_cardVariant_small Contributors_hasAvatar" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-AvatarWrapper"><a class="Contributors-AvatarLink" aria-label="Dark Reading Staff" data-discover="true" href="/author/dark-reading-staff"><img aria-hidden="true" data-testid="contributor-avatar" data-component="image" class="Contributors-Avatar" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Picture of Dark Reading Staff" title="Picture of Dark Reading Staff"/></a></div><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" data-discover="true" href="/author/dark-reading-staff">Dark Reading Staff</a><span class="Contributors-ContributorTitle" data-testid="contributor-title">, Dark Reading</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem LatestFeatured-ContentItem_left" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="small"><div class="ListPreview"><div class="ListPreview-Container"><div class="ListPreview-ImageWrapper"><a aria-label="Read more about: Iran flag cyber APT" data-discover="true" href="/vulnerabilities-threats/iranian-group-targets-ip-cameras-extends-attacks-beyond-israel"><div title="Iran flag cyber APT"><img data-component="image" class="ListPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt33e4fb195560b161/6696d68024bd250ae3ec5b0d/muhammadtoqeer-iran-cyber-flag-shutterstock.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt33e4fb195560b161/6696d68024bd250ae3ec5b0d/muhammadtoqeer-iran-cyber-flag-shutterstock.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Iran flag cyber APT" title="Iran flag cyber APT"/></div></a></div><div class="ListPreview-ContentWrapper"><div class="ListPreview-KeywordWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_vulnerabilitiesThreats ListPreview-Keyword" data-discover="true" href="/vulnerabilities-threats">Vulnerabilities & Threats</a></div><div class="ListPreview-TitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/vulnerabilities-threats/iranian-group-targets-ip-cameras-extends-attacks-beyond-israel">Iranian APT Group Targets IP Cameras, Extends Attacks Beyond Israel</a></div><div class="ListPreview-MobileTitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/vulnerabilities-threats/iranian-group-targets-ip-cameras-extends-attacks-beyond-israel">Iranian APT Group Targets IP Cameras, Extends Attacks Beyond Israel</a></div><div class="ListPreview-Footer"><span class="ListPreview-Date" data-testid="list-preview-date">Nov 5, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>4 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ListPreview-ContributorsWrapper"><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline Contributors_cardVariant_small Contributors_hasAvatar" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-AvatarWrapper"><a class="Contributors-AvatarLink" aria-label="Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer" data-discover="true" href="/author/robert-lemos"><img aria-hidden="true" data-testid="contributor-avatar" data-component="image" class="Contributors-Avatar" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Picture of Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer" title="Picture of Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer"/></a></div><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" data-discover="true" href="/author/robert-lemos">Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem LatestFeatured-ContentItem_left" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="small"><div class="ListPreview"><div class="ListPreview-Container"><div class="ListPreview-ImageWrapper"><a aria-label="Read more about: A fish hook layered over a digital triangle, bordered in glowing purple, filled in with glowing red. Blue binary code is in the background " data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/facebook-businesses-targeted-infostealer-phishing-campaign"><div title="A fish hook layered over a digital triangle, bordered in glowing purple, filled in with glowing red. Blue binary code is in the background "><img data-component="image" class="ListPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blte141d6e0d272cce6/664d177bfde66321aabc6dce/Phishing(1800)_Andrea_Danti_Alamy.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blte141d6e0d272cce6/664d177bfde66321aabc6dce/Phishing(1800)_Andrea_Danti_Alamy.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="A fish hook layered over a digital triangle, bordered in glowing purple, filled in with glowing red. Blue binary code is in the background " title="A fish hook layered over a digital triangle, bordered in glowing purple, filled in with glowing red. Blue binary code is in the background "/></div></a></div><div class="ListPreview-ContentWrapper"><div class="ListPreview-KeywordWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_cyberattacksDataBreaches ListPreview-Keyword" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches">Cyberattacks & Data Breaches</a></div><div class="ListPreview-TitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-default-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/facebook-businesses-targeted-infostealer-phishing-campaign">Taiwanese Facebook Biz Pages Fall to Infostealer Phishing Campaign</a></div><div class="ListPreview-MobileTitleWrapper"><a class="ListPreview-Title" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/facebook-businesses-targeted-infostealer-phishing-campaign">Taiwanese Facebook Biz Pages Fall to Infostealer Phishing Campaign</a></div><div class="ListPreview-Footer"><span class="ListPreview-Date" data-testid="list-preview-date">Oct 31, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>1 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ListPreview-ContributorsWrapper"><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline Contributors_cardVariant_small Contributors_hasAvatar" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-AvatarWrapper"><a class="Contributors-AvatarLink" aria-label="Dark Reading Staff" data-discover="true" href="/author/dark-reading-staff"><img aria-hidden="true" data-testid="contributor-avatar" data-component="image" class="Contributors-Avatar" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg?width=100&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Picture of Dark Reading Staff" title="Picture of Dark Reading Staff"/></a></div><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" data-discover="true" href="/author/dark-reading-staff">Dark Reading Staff</a><span class="Contributors-ContributorTitle" data-testid="contributor-title">, Dark Reading</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><a data-testid="list-content-more-content" class="LatestFeatured-Link" data-discover="true" href="/program/dr-global-articles">MORE DR GLOBAL NEWS</a></div><div class="LatestFeatured-ColumnList" data-testid="list-content"><p class="LatestFeatured-Title LatestFeatured-Title_right LatestFeatured-Title_withoutAd" data-testid="list-content-title">Latest in Threat Intelligence</p><div class="LatestFeatured-Content"><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="contributor-focused"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Wrapper"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Body"><a aria-label="Jai Vijayan, Contributing Writer" data-discover="true" href="/author/jai-vijayan"><span class="ContributorFocusedCard-ScreenReaderText">Picture of Jai Vijayan, Contributing Writer</span><img aria-hidden="true" data-component="image" class="ContributorFocusedCard-Avatar" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt1a674355ce57f27b/64f14f228727730c7f926217/Jai-Vijayan.jpeg?width=150&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt1a674355ce57f27b/64f14f228727730c7f926217/Jai-Vijayan.jpeg?width=150&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></a></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-InfoWrapper"><a class="ContributorFocusedCard-ContributorName" data-discover="true" href="/author/jai-vijayan">Jai Vijayan, Contributing Writer</a></div></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-ContentWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_applicationSecurity" data-discover="true" href="/application-security">Application Security</a><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-TitleWrapper"><a class="ContributorFocusedCard-Title" data-testid="contributor-focused-card-title" data-discover="true" href="/application-security/misconfigured-wafs-heighten-dos-breach-risks">Misconfigured WAFs Heighten DoS, Breach Risks</a></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Footer"><span class="ContributorFocusedCard-Date">Dec 3, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>4 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="contributor-focused"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-ContentWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_threatIntelligence" data-discover="true" href="/threat-intelligence">Threat Intelligence</a><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-TitleWrapper"><a class="ContributorFocusedCard-Title" data-testid="contributor-focused-card-title" data-discover="true" href="/threat-intelligence/bigid-releases-data-activity-monitoring-to-extend-ddr-detect-malicious-actors-and-strengthen-data-security-posture">BigID Releases Data Activity Monitoring to Extend DDR, Detect Malicious Actors, and Strengthen Data Security Posture</a></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Footer"><span class="ContributorFocusedCard-Date">Dec 3, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>2 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="contributor-focused"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Wrapper"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Body"><a aria-label="Elizabeth Montalbano, Contributing Writer" data-discover="true" href="/author/elizabeth-montalbano"><span class="ContributorFocusedCard-ScreenReaderText">Picture of Elizabeth Montalbano, Contributing Writer</span><img aria-hidden="true" data-component="image" class="ContributorFocusedCard-Avatar" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt3a8c7badad2ca168/64f15cd2b4c236805e4fddad/ElizabethMontalbano.jpg?width=150&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt3a8c7badad2ca168/64f15cd2b4c236805e4fddad/ElizabethMontalbano.jpg?width=150&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></a></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-InfoWrapper"><a class="ContributorFocusedCard-ContributorName" data-discover="true" href="/author/elizabeth-montalbano">Elizabeth Montalbano, Contributing Writer</a></div></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-ContentWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_cyberattacksDataBreaches" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches">Cyberattacks & Data Breaches</a><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-TitleWrapper"><a class="ContributorFocusedCard-Title" data-testid="contributor-focused-card-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyberattacks-data-breaches/venom-spider-malware-maas-platform">Venom Spider Spins Web of New Malware for MaaS Platform</a></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Footer"><span class="ContributorFocusedCard-Date">Dec 3, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>3 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="contributor-focused"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Wrapper"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Body"><a aria-label="Jai Vijayan, Contributing Writer" data-discover="true" href="/author/jai-vijayan"><span class="ContributorFocusedCard-ScreenReaderText">Picture of Jai Vijayan, Contributing Writer</span><img aria-hidden="true" data-component="image" class="ContributorFocusedCard-Avatar" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt1a674355ce57f27b/64f14f228727730c7f926217/Jai-Vijayan.jpeg?width=150&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt1a674355ce57f27b/64f14f228727730c7f926217/Jai-Vijayan.jpeg?width=150&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></a></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-InfoWrapper"><a class="ContributorFocusedCard-ContributorName" data-discover="true" href="/author/jai-vijayan">Jai Vijayan, Contributing Writer</a></div></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-ContentWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_cyberRisk" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk">Cyber Risk</a><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-TitleWrapper"><a class="ContributorFocusedCard-Title" data-testid="contributor-focused-card-title" data-discover="true" href="/cyber-risk/bootkitty-first-bootloader-target-linux-systems">'Bootkitty' First Bootloader to Take Aim at Linux</a></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Footer"><span class="ContributorFocusedCard-Date">Dec 2, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>3 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="contributor-focused"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Wrapper"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Body"><a aria-label="Dark Reading Staff" data-discover="true" href="/author/dark-reading-staff"><span class="ContributorFocusedCard-ScreenReaderText">Picture of Dark Reading Staff</span><img aria-hidden="true" data-component="image" class="ContributorFocusedCard-Avatar" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg?width=150&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg?width=150&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></a></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-InfoWrapper"><a class="ContributorFocusedCard-ContributorName" data-discover="true" href="/author/dark-reading-staff">Dark Reading Staff</a><p class="ContributorFocusedCard-ContributorTitle" data-testid="preview-contributor-title">Dark Reading</p></div></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-ContentWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_cybersecurityOperations" data-discover="true" href="/cybersecurity-operations">Cybersecurity Operations</a><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-TitleWrapper"><a class="ContributorFocusedCard-Title" data-testid="contributor-focused-card-title" data-discover="true" href="/cybersecurity-operations/interpol-cyber-fraud-action-5k-arrests">Interpol Cyber-Fraud Action Nets More Than 5K Arrests</a></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Footer"><span class="ContributorFocusedCard-Date">Dec 2, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>1 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview LatestFeatured-ContentItem" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="contributor-focused"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Wrapper"><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Body"><a aria-label="Dark Reading Staff" data-discover="true" href="/author/dark-reading-staff"><span class="ContributorFocusedCard-ScreenReaderText">Picture of Dark Reading Staff</span><img aria-hidden="true" data-component="image" class="ContributorFocusedCard-Avatar" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg?width=150&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg?width=150&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></a></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-InfoWrapper"><a class="ContributorFocusedCard-ContributorName" data-discover="true" href="/author/dark-reading-staff">Dark Reading Staff</a><p class="ContributorFocusedCard-ContributorTitle" data-testid="preview-contributor-title">Dark Reading</p></div></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-ContentWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_threatIntelligence" data-discover="true" href="/threat-intelligence">Threat Intelligence</a><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-TitleWrapper"><a class="ContributorFocusedCard-Title" data-testid="contributor-focused-card-title" data-discover="true" href="/threat-intelligence/aws-launches-new-incident-response-service">AWS Launches New Incident Response Service</a></div><div class="ContributorFocusedCard-Footer"><span class="ContributorFocusedCard-Date">Dec 2, 2024</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>2 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><a data-testid="list-content-more-content" class="LatestFeatured-Link LatestFeatured-Link_right" data-discover="true" href="/threat-intelligence">LATEST IN THREAT INTELLIGENCE</a></div></div></div></div></div></section><footer data-module="footer" class="Footer"><div class="Footer-Background"></div><div data-testid="logo" class="Footer-LogoContainer Footer-LogoContainer_length_2"><a data-discover="true" href="/"><img title="Logo" data-component="image" class="Footer-LogoImage Footer-LogoImage_length_2" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt6aed714e279eeb34/6542104467527c040a9b2014/Logo_-_Dark_Reading.svg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt6aed714e279eeb34/6542104467527c040a9b2014/Logo_-_Dark_Reading.svg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Logo"/></a></div><div data-testid="LinkSection" class="LinkSection LinkSection_length_2"><h5 class="LinkSection-Title" data-testid="link-section-title">Discover More With Informa Tech</h5><div class="LinkSection-LinksWrapper"><a class="LinkSection-Link" rel="noreferrer" data-discover="true" href="/program/black-hat" target="_blank">Black Hat</a><a class="LinkSection-Link" rel="noreferrer" data-discover="true" href="/program/omdia-cybersecurity" target="_blank">Omdia</a></div></div><div data-testid="LinkSection" class="LinkSection LinkSection_length_2"><h5 class="LinkSection-Title" data-testid="link-section-title">Working With Us</h5><div class="LinkSection-LinksWrapper"><a class="LinkSection-Link" data-discover="true" href="/about-us" target="_self">About Us</a><a class="LinkSection-Link" data-discover="true" href="/advertise" target="_self">Advertise</a><a class="LinkSection-Link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://info.wrightsmedia.com/informa-licensing-reprints-request">Reprints</a></div></div><div data-testid="registration" class="Footer-RegistrationWrapper"><div class="RegistrationSection RegistrationSection_linkSectionLength_2"><h5 class="RegistrationSection-Title">Join Us</h5><div class="Layout-Register Layout-Register_variant_footer"></div><div class="Layout-NewsLetter Layout-NewsLetter_variant_footer"><div data-module="newsletter-signup-promo"><a data-component="button" data-testid="footerNewsletterButton" class="Button Button_size_medium Button_variant_primaryFilled" href="https://dr-resources.darkreading.com/free/w_defa3135/prgm.cgi" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-name="subscribe-footer" data-action-type="sign-up"><span class="Button-ContentWrapper">Newsletter Sign-Up</span></a></div></div></div></div><div data-testid="social" class="SocialSection SocialSection_linkSectionLength_2"><h5 class="SocialSection-Title">Follow Us</h5><div data-component="social-share" class="SocialShare SocialShare_variant_layout"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/DarkReading"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Twitter" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_twitter" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Twitter-WD5AOEQ7.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Twitter-WD5AOEQ7.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/dark-reading/"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Linkedin" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_linkedin" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Linkedin-VQUF3EEQ.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Linkedin-VQUF3EEQ.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/darkreadingcom/"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Facebook" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_facebook" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Facebook-CJB5G2HY.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Facebook-CJB5G2HY.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/@DarkReadingOfficialYT"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Youtube" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_youtube" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Youtube-S4PSC4UA.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/Youtube-S4PSC4UA.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="RSS" href="https://www.darkreading.com/rss.xml"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="RSS" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_rss" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/RSS-3XFHIVCK.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/RSS-3XFHIVCK.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="GoogleNews" href="https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMKmknwswtq63Aw?ceid=US:en&oc=3&hl=en-US&gl=US"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="GoogleNews" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_googleNews" style="mask-image:url(/build/_assets/GoogleNews-6O72APW7.svg);-webkit-mask-image:url(/build/_assets/GoogleNews-6O72APW7.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a></div></div><div class="CopyrightsSection"><div class="CopyrightsSection-Background"></div><div data-testid="copyrights" class="CopyrightsSection-Wrapper"><a data-testid="businessUnit" class="CopyrightsSection-BusinessLink" target="_blank" href="https://www.informa.com"><img title="Informa" data-component="image" class="CopyrightsSection-BusinessImage" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltb3f56b75133715aa/674ee1ace1b5ac19f79ca74e/Informa_Logo_OneLine_Graduated_White_RGB.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltb3f56b75133715aa/674ee1ace1b5ac19f79ca74e/Informa_Logo_OneLine_Graduated_White_RGB.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Informa"/></a><div class="CopyrightsSection-TextWrapper"><p data-testid="copyrightText" class="CopyrightsSection-Text"><span class="CopyrightsSection-TextBlock"></span>Copyright © 2024. This website is owned and operated by Informa TechTarget, part of a global network that informs, influences and connects the world’s technology buyers and sellers. All copyright resides with them. Informa PLC’s registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Registered in England and Wales. TechTarget, Inc.’s registered office is 275 Grove St. Newton, MA 02466.</p><div data-testid="copyrightLinks" class="CopyrightsSection-LinksWrapper CopyrightsSection-LinksWrapper_hasLinks"><a class="CopyrightsSection-Link" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.informatech.com/">Home<span class="CopyrightsSection-LinkSeparator">|</span></a><a class="CopyrightsSection-Link" rel="noreferrer" data-discover="true" href="/cookie-policy" target="_blank">Cookie Policy<span class="CopyrightsSection-LinkSeparator">|</span></a><a class="CopyrightsSection-Link" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.techtarget.com/privacy-policy/">Privacy<span class="CopyrightsSection-LinkSeparator">|</span></a><a class="CopyrightsSection-Link" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.informatech.com/terms-and-conditions/">Terms of Use</a></div></div></div></div></footer></div></div></main><script>((STORAGE_KEY, restoreKey) => { if (!window.history.state || !window.history.state.key) { let key = Math.random().toString(32).slice(2); window.history.replaceState({ key }, ""); } try { let positions = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY) || "{}"); let storedY = positions[restoreKey || window.history.state.key]; if (typeof storedY === "number") { window.scrollTo(0, storedY); } } catch (error) { console.error(error); sessionStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY); } })("positions", null)</script><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/manifest-A2F38A42.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/entry.client-SFHSSSEN.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-RVHE4U6B.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-SJXV5VAW.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-63EVRDSK.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-ADMCF34Z.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-QLNIWV7P.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-VAILQJN5.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-RZRUW7QG.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-3MIG7PUI.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-B7M2L5OV.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-JWYSME77.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-JRHR4PP4.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-WTDTITBY.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-VZQVWFLO.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-4PCUPHYO.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-JERMOH2I.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-265XATAY.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-5JUJG2OP.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-BC6KZFPP.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-QVUW3IXO.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-ALTNKHHR.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-HMGGHMSJ.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-IW54JVOH.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/root-TPDAOOC5.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-B7N643NL.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-ED7QE4BI.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-TMZP7SNL.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-OSADQMDF.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-JM7IRZAX.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-7IHSV4VV.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-PLHCH5TH.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-3NMSOMAP.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-WGLVXOTX.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-WXVEBWE3.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-7WX3BG7O.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-LHFD2AZM.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-S6Q7UVRU.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-2Q3IQPTU.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-B765HE7O.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-4DPVJM62.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-PHSYQFSR.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-GGO4FWBQ.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-N3DN6AS5.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-IJ353W5V.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-C5UGRRW5.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-KNORYGJC.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/_shared/chunk-TDM4RAGW.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/build/routes/program.$slug-YSGWY6HN.js"/><script>window.__remixContext = {"future":{"v3_fetcherPersist":false,"v3_relativeSplatPath":false,"v3_throwAbortReason":false},"state":{"loaderData":{"root":{"brand":"darkreading","authenticationStatus":"anonymous","siteName":"Dark Reading","ads":{"networkId":3834,"parentAdUnit":"darkreading.home","enabledAds":"all","checkClientIP":false,"disableSponsorBar":true},"authConfig":{"enabled":false,"disableCaptcha":false},"isDctsTurnOn":false,"oneTrust":{"siteId":"4b083961-e2ac-4755-8801-f7c83a5fb187"},"gtmIds":{"primary":"GTM-5523ZCM","secondary":"GTM-WB8Q7XR"},"pageContent":{"registrationText":"Learn about New Cybersecurity Threats, Vulnerabilities and Technology Trends."},"ui":{"brand":"darkreading","theme":"theme1","font":{"primary":{"name":"Inter","url":"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@100;200;300;400;500;600;700;800;900\u0026display=swap"},"secondary":{"name":"Inter","url":"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@100;200;300;400;500;600;700;800;900\u0026display=swap"}}},"environment":"prod","featureToggles":{"elnNewsletter":false,"elnWithoutNewsletter":false,"iirisAuthentication":false,"subBrand":false,"useSettingsRedirectAPIVersion1":false,"gatingEnabled":false,"iirisRecommendationDisabled":false,"iasPetEnabled":true,"bridgedMediaEnabled":true,"ecommerceEnabled":false,"iirisRecommendationVer":"version4","weather3MonthForecastEnabled":false,"legacyHomepage":false},"layout":{"socialLinks":[{"type":"Twitter","url":"https://twitter.com/DarkReading"},{"type":"Linkedin","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/company/dark-reading/"},{"type":"Facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/darkreadingcom/"},{"type":"Youtube","url":"https://www.youtube.com/@DarkReadingOfficialYT"},{"type":"RSS","url":"https://www.darkreading.com/rss.xml"},{"type":"GoogleNews","url":"https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMKmknwswtq63Aw?ceid=US:en\u0026oc=3\u0026hl=en-US\u0026gl=US"}],"informaBar":{"enabled":true,"leftSection":{"description":"Dark Reading is part of the Informa TechTarget Division of Informa PLC","subMenu":[{"title":"Informa PLC","url":"https://www.informa.com/"},{"title":"ABOUT US","url":"https://www.informa.com/about-us/"},{"title":"INVESTOR RELATIONS","url":"https://www.informa.com/investors/"},{"title":"TALENT","url":"https://www.informa.com/talent/"}]},"rightSection":{"description":"This site is operated by a business or businesses owned by Informa PLC and all copyright resides with them. Informa PLC's registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Registered in England and Wales and Scotlan. Number 8860726."}},"nav":{"mainMenuItems":[{"title":"Cybersecurity Topics","url":"","seeAllLink":"","seeAllLinkUrl":"","hasSubMenu":true,"subMenu":[{"title":"Application Security","url":"/application-security"},{"title":"Cybersecurity Careers","url":"/cybersecurity-operations/cybersecurity-careers"},{"title":"Cloud Security","url":"/cloud-security"},{"title":"Cyber Risk","url":"/cyber-risk"},{"title":"Cyberattacks \u0026 Data Breaches","url":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches"},{"title":"Cybersecurity Analytics","url":"/cybersecurity-analytics"},{"title":"Cybersecurity Operations","url":"/cybersecurity-operations"},{"title":"Data Privacy","url":"/cyber-risk/data-privacy"},{"title":"Endpoint Security","url":"/endpoint-security"},{"title":"ICS/OT Security","url":"/ics-ot-security"},{"title":"Identity \u0026 Access Mgmt Security","url":"/cybersecurity-operations/identity-access-management-security"},{"title":"Insider Threats","url":"/vulnerabilities-threats/insider-threats"},{"title":"IoT","url":"/ics-ot-security/iot"},{"title":"Mobile Security","url":"/endpoint-security/mobile-security"},{"title":"Perimeter","url":"/cybersecurity-operations/perimeter"},{"title":"Physical Security","url":"/cybersecurity-operations/physical-security"},{"title":"Remote Workforce","url":"/endpoint-security/remote-workforce"},{"title":"Threat Intelligence","url":"/threat-intelligence"},{"title":"Vulnerabilities \u0026 Threats","url":"/vulnerabilities-threats"}],"recentContents":[]},{"title":"World ","url":"/program/dr-global","seeAllLink":"See All","seeAllLinkUrl":"/program/dr-global","hasSubMenu":true,"subMenu":[{"title":"DR Global","url":"/program/dr-global"},{"title":"Middle East \u0026 Africa","url":"/keyword/middle-east-africa"},{"title":"Asia Pacific","url":"/keyword/asia-pacific"}],"recentContents":[]},{"title":"The Edge","url":"/program/the-edge","seeAllLink":"","seeAllLinkUrl":"/program/the-edge","hasSubMenu":false,"subMenu":[],"recentContents":[]},{"title":"DR Technology","url":"/program/dr-technology","seeAllLink":"","seeAllLinkUrl":"/program/dr-technology","hasSubMenu":false,"subMenu":[],"recentContents":[]},{"title":"Events","url":"/events","seeAllLink":"SEE ALL","seeAllLinkUrl":"/events","hasSubMenu":true,"subMenu":[{"title":"Upcoming Events","url":"/events"},{"title":"Podcasts","url":"/podcasts"},{"title":"Webinars","url":"/resources?types=Webinar"}],"recentContents":[]},{"title":"Resources","url":"/resources","seeAllLink":"SEE ALL","seeAllLinkUrl":"/resources","hasSubMenu":true,"subMenu":[{"title":"Library","url":"/resources"},{"title":"Newsletters","url":"https://dr-resources.darkreading.com/free/w_defa3135/prgm.cgi"},{"title":"Podcasts","url":"/podcasts"},{"title":"Reports","url":"/resources?types=Report"},{"title":"Videos","url":"/videos"},{"title":"Webinars","url":"/resources?types=Webinar"},{"title":"Whitepapers","url":"/resources?types=Whitepaper"},{"title":" ","url":" "},{"title":" ","url":" "},{"title":" ","url":" "},{"title":" ","url":" "},{"title":"Partner Perspectives","url":"/keyword/partner-perspectives"}],"recentContents":[]}],"secondaryMenu":[{"title":"Black Hat News","url":"/program/black-hat"},{"title":"Omdia Cybersecurity","url":"/program/omdia-cybersecurity"},{"title":"Advertise","url":"https://reg.darkreading.com/media-kit?kcode=drsitehd"}]},"megaMenu":{"largeMenu":[{"title":"Cybersecurity Topics","url":"","subMenu":[{"title":"Application Security","url":"/application-security"},{"title":"Cybersecurity Careers","url":"/cybersecurity-operations/cybersecurity-careers"},{"title":"Cloud Security","url":"/cloud-security"},{"title":"Cyber Risk","url":"/cyber-risk"},{"title":"Cyberattacks \u0026 Data Breaches","url":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches"},{"title":"Cybersecurity Analytics","url":"/cybersecurity-analytics"},{"title":"Cybersecurity Operations","url":"/cybersecurity-operations"},{"title":"Data Privacy","url":"/cyber-risk/data-privacy"},{"title":"Endpoint Security","url":"/endpoint-security"},{"title":"ICS/OT Security","url":"/ics-ot-security"},{"title":"Identity \u0026 Access Mgmt Security","url":"/cybersecurity-operations/identity-access-management-security"},{"title":"Insider Threats","url":"/vulnerabilities-threats/insider-threats"},{"title":"IoT","url":"/ics-ot-security/iot"},{"title":"Mobile Security","url":"/endpoint-security/mobile-security"},{"title":"Perimeter","url":"/cybersecurity-operations/perimeter"},{"title":"Physical Security","url":"/cybersecurity-operations/physical-security"},{"title":"Remote Workforce","url":"/endpoint-security/remote-workforce"},{"title":"Threat Intelligence","url":"/threat-intelligence"},{"title":"Vulnerabilities \u0026 Threats","url":"/vulnerabilities-threats"}],"seeAllLink":"","seeAllLinkUrl":""},{"title":"World ","url":"/program/dr-global","subMenu":[{"title":"DR Global","url":"/program/dr-global"},{"title":"Middle East \u0026 Africa","url":"/keyword/middle-east-africa"},{"title":"Asia Pacific","url":"/keyword/asia-pacific"}],"seeAllLink":"See All","seeAllLinkUrl":"/program/dr-global"},{"title":"The Edge","url":"/program/the-edge","subMenu":[],"seeAllLink":"","seeAllLinkUrl":"/program/the-edge"},{"title":"DR Technology","url":"/program/dr-technology","subMenu":[],"seeAllLink":"","seeAllLinkUrl":"/program/dr-technology"},{"title":"Events","url":"/events","subMenu":[{"title":"Upcoming Events","url":"/events"},{"title":"Podcasts","url":"/podcasts"},{"title":"Webinars","url":"/resources?types=Webinar"}],"seeAllLink":"SEE ALL","seeAllLinkUrl":"/events"},{"title":"Resources","url":"/resources","subMenu":[{"title":"Library","url":"/resources"},{"title":"Newsletters","url":"https://dr-resources.darkreading.com/free/w_defa3135/prgm.cgi"},{"title":"Podcasts","url":"/podcasts"},{"title":"Reports","url":"/resources?types=Report"},{"title":"Videos","url":"/videos"},{"title":"Webinars","url":"/resources?types=Webinar"},{"title":"Whitepapers","url":"/resources?types=Whitepaper"},{"title":" ","url":" "},{"title":" ","url":" "},{"title":" ","url":" "},{"title":" ","url":" "},{"title":"Partner Perspectives","url":"/keyword/partner-perspectives"}],"seeAllLink":"SEE ALL","seeAllLinkUrl":"/resources"}],"smallMenu":[{"title":"Resources","url":"","subMenu":[]},{"title":"More","url":"","subMenu":[{"title":"About Us","url":"/about-us"},{"title":"Advertise With Us","url":"/advertise"},{"title":"Submissions","url":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/how-to-submit-a-column-to-dark-reading"}]}],"sideNavSections":[]},"navBase":{"logo":{"url":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blte9ead971f13c662e/65437029846d7c040a6e588d/Logo_-_Dark_Reading.svg","altText":"Dark Reading Logo"}},"footer":{"logo":{"url":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt6aed714e279eeb34/6542104467527c040a9b2014/Logo_-_Dark_Reading.svg","altText":"Logo"},"linkSections":[{"links":[{"image":{"altText":"","url":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt39752b9f502ed723/65004ef460832757db397d3a/Dark_Reading_Logo_Stacked_K.png"},"openInNewTab":true,"title":"Black Hat","url":"/program/black-hat"},{"image":{"altText":"","url":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt39752b9f502ed723/65004ef460832757db397d3a/Dark_Reading_Logo_Stacked_K.png"},"openInNewTab":true,"title":"Omdia","url":"/program/omdia-cybersecurity"}],"title":"Discover More With Informa Tech","type":"1"},{"links":[{"image":{"altText":"","url":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt64bc80c1cc860f0e/64ff3af37434dc8f904db946/Dark_Reading_Logo_0_200px.png"},"openInNewTab":false,"title":"About Us","url":"/about-us"},{"image":{"altText":"","url":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt9a23e12b46e10b76/64ff3b08f7b4013e16a3d26a/Dark_Reading_Logo_0_200px.png"},"openInNewTab":false,"title":"Advertise","url":"/advertise"},{"image":{"altText":"","url":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt7b65ada713568986/64ff3bd1abb8d8128a7762bd/Dark_Reading_Logo_0_200px.png"},"openInNewTab":true,"title":"Reprints","url":"https://info.wrightsmedia.com/informa-licensing-reprints-request"}],"title":"Working With Us","type":"1"}],"brandLinks":[],"copyright":{"businessUnit":{"url":"https://www.informa.com","name":"Informa","logoUrl":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltb3f56b75133715aa/674ee1ace1b5ac19f79ca74e/Informa_Logo_OneLine_Graduated_White_RGB.png"},"links":[{"image":{"altText":"Home","url":"https://www.informatech.com/"},"openInNewTab":true,"title":"Home","url":"https://www.informatech.com/"},{"image":{"altText":"Cookie Policy","url":"/cookie-policy"},"openInNewTab":true,"title":"Cookie Policy","url":"/cookie-policy"},{"image":{"altText":"Privacy","url":"https://www.techtarget.com/privacy-policy/"},"openInNewTab":true,"title":"Privacy","url":"https://www.techtarget.com/privacy-policy/"},{"image":{"altText":"Terms of Use","url":"https://www.informatech.com/terms-and-conditions/"},"openInNewTab":true,"title":"Terms of Use","url":"https://www.informatech.com/terms-and-conditions/"}],"title":". This website is owned and operated by Informa TechTarget, part of a global network that informs, influences and connects the world’s technology buyers and sellers. All copyright resides with them. Informa PLC’s registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Registered in England and Wales. TechTarget, Inc.’s registered office is 275 Grove St. Newton, MA 02466."}},"isSponsorBarEnabled":true,"isPaidContent":false},"newRelicJs":"window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:[\"bam.eu01.nr-data.net\"]}};\n\n;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:\"3936348\",trustKey:\"3288925\",agentID:\"538600199\",licenseKey:\"NRJS-26ae6a3b09493bbcc87\",applicationID:\"538600199\"};\n;NREUM.info={beacon:\"bam.eu01.nr-data.net\",errorBeacon:\"bam.eu01.nr-data.net\",licenseKey:\"NRJS-26ae6a3b09493bbcc87\",applicationID:\"538600199\",sa:1};\n;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */\n(()=\u003e{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{a:()=\u003ei});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||\"object\"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||\"object\"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])\u0026\u0026Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):\"object\"==typeof e[a]\u0026\u0026\"object\"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{Vp:()=\u003ec,fn:()=\u003es,x1:()=\u003eu});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey\u0026\u0026!!t.errorBeacon\u0026\u0026!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error(\"All info objects require an agent identifier!\");if(!a[e])throw new Error(\"Info for \".concat(e,\" was never set\"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(\"All info objects require an agent identifier!\");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r\u0026\u0026(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{D0:()=\u003eh,gD:()=\u003eg,xN:()=\u003ep});var n=r(993);const i=e=\u003e{if(!e||\"string\"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u=\"[data-nr-mask]\",d=()=\u003e{const e={mask_selector:\"*\",block_selector:\"[data-nr-block]\",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,\"datetime-local\":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector=\"\".concat(t,\",\").concat(u):\"\"===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return\"nr-block\"},get ignore_class(){return\"nr-ignore\"},get mask_text_class(){return\"nr-mask\"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=\",\".concat(t):\"\"!==t\u0026\u0026(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t\u0026\u0026\"object\"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f=\"All configuration objects require an agent identifier!\";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error(\"Configuration for \".concat(e,\" was never set\"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r\u0026\u0026(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split(\".\"),i=0;i\u003cn.length-1;i++)if(\"object\"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{a:()=\u003ec,o:()=\u003es});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error(\"All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!\");if(!a[e])throw new Error(\"LoaderConfig for \".concat(e,\" was never set\"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(\"All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!\");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r\u0026\u0026(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{V:()=\u003ef,f:()=\u003el});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error(\"All runtime objects require an agent identifier!\");if(!d[e])throw new Error(\"Runtime for \".concat(e,\" was never set\"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(\"All runtime objects require an agent identifier!\");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],\"harvestCount\")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],\"harvestCount\",{get:()=\u003e++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r\u0026\u0026(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{F3:()=\u003ei,Xs:()=\u003eo,Yq:()=\u003ea,xv:()=\u003en});const n=\"1.274.0\",i=\"PROD\",o=\"CDN\",a=\"^2.0.0-alpha.17\"},6154:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{A4:()=\u003es,OF:()=\u003ed,RI:()=\u003ei,WN:()=\u003eh,bv:()=\u003eo,gm:()=\u003ea,lR:()=\u003ef,m:()=\u003eu,mw:()=\u003ec,sb:()=\u003el});var n=r(1863);const i=\"undefined\"!=typeof window\u0026\u0026!!window.document,o=\"undefined\"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope\u0026\u0026(\"undefined\"!=typeof self\u0026\u0026self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope\u0026\u0026self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||\"undefined\"!=typeof globalThis\u0026\u0026globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope\u0026\u0026globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:\"undefined\"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope\u0026\u0026(\"undefined\"!=typeof self\u0026\u0026self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope\u0026\u0026self||\"undefined\"!=typeof globalThis\u0026\u0026globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope\u0026\u0026globalThis),s=\"complete\"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean(\"hidden\"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=\"\"+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d\u0026\u0026\"undefined\"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=\u003e{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\\s](\\d+\\.\\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)\u0026\u0026e.length\u003e=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{Xv:()=\u003ea,gX:()=\u003ei,iW:()=\u003eo});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t\u003cn.length;t++){var r=n[t];if(\"*\"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)\u0026\u0026c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e\u0026\u0026e.length)for(var t=0;t\u003ce.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf(\"http://\")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf(\"https://\")\u0026\u0026(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf(\"/\");let o,a;i\u003e0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a=\"\");let[s]=o.split(\":\");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length\u003et.length)\u0026\u0026t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf(\"/\")\u0026\u0026(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf(\"/\")\u0026\u0026(t=t.substring(1)),\"\"===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{Ak:()=\u003ec,Ze:()=\u003el,x3:()=\u003eu});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e\u0026\u0026s[e]\u0026\u0026(s[e].get(t)\u0026\u0026s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size\u0026\u0026f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error(\"agentIdentifier required\");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e=\"\",t=\"feature\",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=\u003et.staged))\u0026\u0026(t.sort(((e,t)=\u003ee[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=\u003e{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted\u0026\u0026o.backlog\u0026\u0026s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e\u0026\u0026t\u003ce.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=\u003e{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=\u003e{t[0]?.on\u0026\u0026t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y\u0026\u0026t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit(\"drain-\"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=\u003e{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{P:()=\u003ec,ee:()=\u003eu});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c=\"nr@context:\".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length\u0026\u0026(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i\u003cr.length;i++)r[i]===t\u0026\u0026r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o\u0026\u0026(o=!0);if(u.aborted\u0026\u0026!i)return;t\u0026\u0026o\u0026\u0026t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l\u003cd;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p\u0026\u0026p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||\"feature\",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=\u003e{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=\u003e{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t\u0026\u0026\"object\"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,\"aborted\",{get:()=\u003e{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t\u0026\u0026(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e\u0026\u0026e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=\u003enew a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,\"globalEE\"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{y:()=\u003en});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{d:()=\u003en,p:()=\u003ei});var n=r(7836).ee.get(\"handle\");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{i:()=\u003eo});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o=\"feature\"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=\u003eo,jT:()=\u003en,sp:()=\u003ei})},5607:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{W:()=\u003en});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{LA:()=\u003es,ZF:()=\u003ec,bz:()=\u003ea,el:()=\u003eu});var n=r(6154);const i=\"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx\";function o(e,t){return e?15\u0026e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e\u0026\u0026e.getRandomValues\u0026\u0026(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split(\"\").map((e=\u003e\"x\"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):\"y\"===e?(3\u0026o()|8).toString(16):e)).join(\"\")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t\u0026\u0026t.getRandomValues\u0026\u0026(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s\u003ce;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join(\"\")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{BB:()=\u003ea,H3:()=\u003en,g:()=\u003eu,iL:()=\u003ec,tS:()=\u003es,uh:()=\u003ei,wk:()=\u003eo});const n=\"NRBA\",i=\"SESSION\",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:\"session-started\",PAUSE:\"session-pause\",RESET:\"session-reset\",RESUME:\"session-resume\",UPDATE:\"session-update\"},c={SAME_TAB:\"same-tab\",CROSS_TAB:\"cross-tab\"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=\u003en})},7485:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{D:()=\u003ei});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||\"\").indexOf(\"data:\"))return{protocol:\"data\"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(\":\")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol\u0026\u0026t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port\u0026\u0026\"\"!==r.port||(\"http:\"===t.protocol\u0026\u0026(r.port=\"80\"),\"https:\"===t.protocol\u0026\u0026(r.port=\"443\")),r.pathname\u0026\u0026\"\"!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith(\"/\")||(r.pathname=\"/\".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname=\"/\",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";function n(e,t){\"function\"==typeof console.debug\u0026\u0026console.debug(\"New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#\".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=\u003en})},5284:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{t:()=\u003ec,B:()=\u003es});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o=\"newrelic\";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e\u0026\u0026\"object\"==typeof e\u0026\u0026(a.has(t)||(r.emit(\"rumresp\",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{I:()=\u003ei});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty\u0026\u0026Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=\u003e{n\u0026\u0026void 0===i\u0026\u0026(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=\u003e{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=\u003e{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=\u003e{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=\u003ei,s:()=\u003en})},3304:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{A:()=\u003eo});var n=r(7836);const i=()=\u003e{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=\u003e{if(\"object\"==typeof r\u0026\u0026null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??\"\"}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit(\"internal-error\",[e])}catch(e){}return\"\"}}},5289:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{GG:()=\u003eo,sB:()=\u003ea});var n=r(3878);function i(){return\"undefined\"==typeof document||\"complete\"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)(\"load\",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)(\"DOMContentLoaded\",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{NT:()=\u003eo,US:()=\u003ed,Zm:()=\u003ea,bQ:()=\u003ec,dV:()=\u003es,nY:()=\u003eu,pV:()=\u003el});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:\"bam.nr-data.net\",errorBeacon:\"bam.nr-data.net\"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic\u0026\u0026(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{u:()=\u003ei});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)(\"visibilitychange\",(function(){if(t)return void(\"hidden\"===document.visibilityState\u0026\u0026e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{u:()=\u003ef});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u=\"addEventListener\",d=\"removeEventListener\",l=\"nr@wrapped:\".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get(\"events\")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],\"-\",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return\"getPrototypeOf\"in Object\u0026\u0026(a.RI\u0026\u0026h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+\"-start\",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n\u0026\u0026(\"function\"==typeof n||\"object\"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if(\"function\"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,\"fn-\",null,e.name||\"anonymous\"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+\"-start\",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;\"object\"==typeof n\u0026\u0026!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n\u0026\u0026t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{Jt:()=\u003eo,YM:()=\u003ec});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o=\"nr@original:\".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n=\"\");const a=\"-\"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s\u003ct.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=\"\"),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty\u0026\u0026Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)\u0026\u0026(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d=\"function\"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,\"\",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+\"start\",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+\"err\",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+\"end\",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit(\"internal-error\",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e\u0026\u0026\"function\"==typeof e\u0026\u0026e.apply\u0026\u0026!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{T:()=\u003en});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{TZ:()=\u003en,Zp:()=\u003ei,mq:()=\u003es,nf:()=\u003ea,qN:()=\u003eo});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=[\"auxclick\",\"click\",\"copy\",\"keydown\",\"paste\",\"scrollend\"],o=[\"focus\",\"blur\"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{T:()=\u003en});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{ET:()=\u003eo,TZ:()=\u003ea,p_:()=\u003ei});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:\"ERROR\",WARN:\"WARN\",INFO:\"INFO\",DEBUG:\"DEBUG\",TRACE:\"TRACE\"},o=\"log\",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{R:()=\u003ec,b:()=\u003eu});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,[\"API/logging/\".concat(c.toLowerCase(),\"/called\")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return\"string\"==typeof e\u0026\u0026Object.values(s.p_).some((t=\u003et===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{TZ:()=\u003en,XG:()=\u003es,rs:()=\u003ei,xV:()=\u003ea,z_:()=\u003eo});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i=\"sm\",o=\"cm\",a=\"storeSupportabilityMetrics\",s=\"storeEventMetrics\"},6630:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{T:()=\u003en});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{T:()=\u003en});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{BB:()=\u003ed,G4:()=\u003eo,Qb:()=\u003el,TZ:()=\u003ei,Ug:()=\u003ea,_s:()=\u003es,bc:()=\u003eu,yP:()=\u003ec});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:\"recordReplay\",PAUSE:\"pauseReplay\",REPLAY_RUNNING:\"replayRunning\",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:\"errorDuringReplay\"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:\"Session was reset\",sm:\"Reset\"},IMPORT:{message:\"Recorder failed to import\",sm:\"Import\"},TOO_MANY:{message:\"429: Too Many Requests\",sm:\"Too-Many\"},TOO_BIG:{message:\"Payload was too large\",sm:\"Too-Big\"},CROSS_TAB:{message:\"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab\",sm:\"Cross-Tab\"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:\"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started\",sm:\"Entitlement\"}},d=5e3,l={API:\"api\"}},5270:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{Aw:()=\u003ec,CT:()=\u003eu,SR:()=\u003es});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO\u0026\u0026(0,o.V)(e)\u0026\u0026!0===(0,i.gD)(e,\"session_trace.enabled\")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,\"session_replay.preload\")\u0026\u0026s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{He:()=\u003ei,Kp:()=\u003es,Lc:()=\u003eu,Rz:()=\u003ed,TZ:()=\u003en,bD:()=\u003eo,d3:()=\u003ea,jx:()=\u003el,uP:()=\u003ec});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i=\"bstResource\",o=\"resource\",a=\"-start\",s=\"-end\",c=\"fn\"+a,u=\"fn\"+s,d=\"pushState\",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{AM:()=\u003eo,O2:()=\u003es,Qu:()=\u003ec,TZ:()=\u003ea,ih:()=\u003eu,tC:()=\u003ei});var n=r(860);const i=[\"click\",\"keydown\",\"submit\"],o=\"api\",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:\"\",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:\"in progress\",FIN:\"finished\",CAN:\"cancelled\"}},7378:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{$p:()=\u003ex,BR:()=\u003eb,Kp:()=\u003eR,L3:()=\u003ey,Lc:()=\u003ec,NC:()=\u003eo,SG:()=\u003ed,TZ:()=\u003ei,U6:()=\u003ep,UT:()=\u003em,d3:()=\u003ew,dT:()=\u003ef,e5:()=\u003eA,gx:()=\u003ev,l9:()=\u003el,oW:()=\u003eh,op:()=\u003eg,rw:()=\u003eu,tH:()=\u003eE,uP:()=\u003es,wW:()=\u003eT,xq:()=\u003ea});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=[\"click\",\"submit\",\"keypress\",\"keydown\",\"keyup\",\"change\"],a=999,s=\"fn-start\",c=\"fn-end\",u=\"cb-start\",d=\"api-ixn-\",l=\"remaining\",f=\"interaction\",h=\"spaNode\",p=\"jsonpNode\",g=\"fetch-start\",m=\"fetch-done\",v=\"fetch-body-\",b=\"jsonp-end\",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w=\"-start\",R=\"-end\",x=\"-body\",T=\"cb\"+R,A=\"jsTime\",E=\"fetch\"},4234:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{W:()=\u003eo});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{V:()=\u003eo});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=\u003ei.RI\u0026\u0026!0===(0,n.gD)(e,\"privacy.cookies_enabled\")},425:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{j:()=\u003ej});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=[\"setErrorHandler\",\"finished\",\"addToTrace\",\"addRelease\",\"addPageAction\",\"setCurrentRouteName\",\"setPageViewName\",\"setCustomAttribute\",\"interaction\",\"noticeError\",\"setUserId\",\"setApplicationVersion\",\"start\",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,\"log\",\"wrapLogger\"],m=[\"setErrorHandler\",\"finished\",\"addToTrace\",\"addRelease\"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if(\"object\"!=typeof t||!t||\"string\"!=typeof r||!r||\"function\"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get(\"logger\")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],\"wrap-logger-\",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=\u003e{e[t]=(...r)=\u003efunction(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=\u003e{e\u0026\u0026e.api?e.exposed\u0026\u0026e.api[t]\u0026\u0026n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length\u003e1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=\u003e{const t=e.startsWith(\"http\");e+=\"/\",r.p=t?e:\"https://\"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv\u0026\u0026(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets\u0026\u0026(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon\u0026\u0026D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)(\"activatedFeatures\",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa\u0026\u0026=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled\u0026\u0026H.feature_flags.includes(\"soft_nav\")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api\u0026\u0026(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,\"api\");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get(\"tracer\");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=\u003e{E[e]=t}));var A=\"api-\",S=A+\"ixn-\";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?\"session\":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/log/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=\u003e{(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/wrapLogger/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=\u003e{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,\"api\")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,\"addPageAction\",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if(\"string\"==typeof t)return\"/\"!==t.charAt(0)\u0026\u0026(t=\"/\"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||\"http://custom.transaction\")+t,I(A,\"setPageViewName\",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if(\"string\"==typeof e){if([\"string\",\"number\",\"boolean\"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,\"setCustomAttribute\",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if(\"string\"==typeof e||null===e)return N(\"enduser.id\",e,\"setUserId\",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if(\"string\"==typeof e||null===e)return N(\"application.version\",e,\"setApplicationVersion\",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=\u003e{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/start/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit(\"manual-start-all\")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/recordReplay/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/pauseReplay/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get(\"object\"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o=\"function\"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/createTracer/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+\"tracer\",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?\"\":\"no-\")+\"fn-start\",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t=\"string\"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit(\"fn-err\",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit(\"fn-end\",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/\"+t+\"/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i\u0026\u0026(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=\u003e{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,\"api\")})).catch((e=\u003e{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return[\"actionText\",\"setName\",\"setAttribute\",\"save\",\"ignore\",\"onEnd\",\"getContext\",\"end\",\"get\"].forEach((e=\u003e{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,\"routeName\",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,\"routeName\",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){\"string\"==typeof t\u0026\u0026(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/noticeError/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(\"err\",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=\u003ej()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed\u0026\u0026(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=\u003e{r.nc=(()=\u003e{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return\"\"})()},860:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{$J:()=\u003eo,K7:()=\u003en,P3:()=\u003ei});const n={ajax:\"ajax\",genericEvents:\"generic_events\",jserrors:\"jserrors\",logging:\"logging\",metrics:\"metrics\",pageAction:\"page_action\",pageViewEvent:\"page_view_event\",pageViewTiming:\"page_view_timing\",sessionReplay:\"session_replay\",sessionTrace:\"session_trace\",softNav:\"soft_navigations\",spa:\"spa\"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:\"events\",[n.ajax]:\"events\",[n.spa]:\"events\",[n.softNav]:\"events\",[n.metrics]:\"jserrors\",[n.jserrors]:\"jserrors\",[n.sessionTrace]:\"browser/blobs\",[n.sessionReplay]:\"browser/blobs\",[n.logging]:\"browser/logs\",[n.genericEvents]:\"ins\"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=\u003e{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)\u0026\u0026!i.o(e,r)\u0026\u0026Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=\u003ePromise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=\u003e(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=\u003e({212:\"nr-spa-compressor\",249:\"nr-spa-recorder\",478:\"nr-spa\"}[e]+\"-1.274.0.min.js\"),i.o=(e,t)=\u003eObject.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t=\"NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:\",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=\u003e{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\"),d=0;d\u003cu.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute(\"src\")==r||l.getAttribute(\"data-webpack\")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:\"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==\",249:\"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==\",212:\"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw==\"};(s=document.createElement(\"script\")).charset=\"utf-8\",s.timeout=120,i.nc\u0026\u0026s.setAttribute(\"nonce\",i.nc),s.setAttribute(\"data-webpack\",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+\"/\")\u0026\u0026(s.crossOrigin=\"anonymous\"),f[a]\u0026\u0026(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=\u003e{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode\u0026\u0026s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i\u0026\u0026i.forEach((e=\u003ee(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:\"timeout\",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c\u0026\u0026document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=\u003e{\"undefined\"!=typeof Symbol\u0026\u0026Symbol.toStringTag\u0026\u0026Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:\"Module\"}),Object.defineProperty(e,\"__esModule\",{value:!0})},i.p=\"https://js-agent.newrelic.com/\",(()=\u003e{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=\u003e{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=\u003en=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=\u003e{if(i.o(e,t)\u0026\u0026(0!==(n=e[t])\u0026\u0026(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r\u0026\u0026(\"load\"===r.type?\"missing\":r.type),a=r\u0026\u0026r.target\u0026\u0026r.target.src;s.message=\"Loading chunk \"+t+\" failed.\\n(\"+o+\": \"+a+\")\",s.name=\"ChunkLoadError\",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),\"chunk-\"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=\u003e{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=\u003e0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)\u0026\u0026(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t\u0026\u0026t(r);u\u003ca.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)\u0026\u0026e[o]\u0026\u0026e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self[\"webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD\"]=self[\"webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD\"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=\u003e{\"use strict\";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if(\"function\"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e(\"addPageAction\",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e(\"setPageViewName\",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e(\"setCustomAttribute\",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e(\"noticeError\",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e(\"setUserId\",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e(\"setApplicationVersion\",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e(\"setErrorHandler\",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e(\"addRelease\",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e(\"log\",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if(\"function\"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e(\"start\")}finished(e){return this.#e(\"finished\",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e(\"addToTrace\",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e(\"setCurrentRouteName\",e)}interaction(){return this.#e(\"interaction\")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e(\"wrapLogger\",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=\u003e{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,\"\".concat(e,\".enabled\"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart\u0026\u0026(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on(\"manual-start-all\",(0,v.J)((()=\u003e{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=\u003e{n=e}));const o=async()=\u003e{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit(\"internal-error\",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay\u0026\u0026this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,\"aggregate\");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee\u0026\u0026this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=\u003eo()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)\u0026\u0026!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI\u0026\u0026((0,T.u)((()=\u003e(0,x.p)(\"docHidden\",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)(\"pagehide\",(()=\u003e(0,x.p)(\"winPagehide\",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name=\"UncaughtError\",this.message=\"string\"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t=\"Unhandled Promise Rejection\";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+\": \"+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+\": \"+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError\u0026\u0026!/:\\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error\u0026\u0026!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on(\"internal-error\",(e=\u003e{this.abortHandler\u0026\u0026(0,x.p)(\"ierr\",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=\u003e{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener(\"unhandledrejection\",(e=\u003e{this.abortHandler\u0026\u0026(0,x.p)(\"err\",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener(\"error\",(e=\u003e{this.abortHandler\u0026\u0026(0,x.p)(\"err\",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U=\"nr@id\";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||\"object\"!==t\u0026\u0026\"function\"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if(\"string\"==typeof e\u0026\u0026e.length)return e.length;if(\"object\"==typeof e){if(\"undefined\"!=typeof ArrayBuffer\u0026\u0026e instanceof ArrayBuffer\u0026\u0026e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if(\"undefined\"!=typeof Blob\u0026\u0026e instanceof Blob\u0026\u0026e.size)return e.size;if(!(\"undefined\"!=typeof FormData\u0026\u0026e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=[\"open\",\"send\"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\"xhr\")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u=\"readystatechange\",d=[\"onload\",\"onerror\",\"onabort\",\"onloadstart\",\"onloadend\",\"onprogress\",\"ontimeout\"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit(\"new-xhr\",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState\u003e3\u0026\u0026!s.resolved\u0026\u0026(s.resolved=!0,n.emit(\"xhr-resolved\",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,\"fn-\",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit(\"internal-error\",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,[\"onreadystatechange\"],\"fn-\",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,\"-xhr-\",y),n.on(\"send-xhr-start\",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a\u0026\u0026(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on(\"open-xhr-start\",h),a){var g=s\u0026\u0026s.resolve();if(!c\u0026\u0026!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on(\"fn-end\",(function(e){e[0]\u0026\u0026e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e\u003cl.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length\u0026\u0026(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y=\"fetch-\",X=Y+\"body-\",J=[\"arrayBuffer\",\"blob\",\"json\",\"text\",\"formData\"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te=\"prototype\";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\"fetch\")}(e);if(!(Q\u0026\u0026ee\u0026\u0026p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];\"function\"==typeof i\u0026\u0026(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+\"before-start\",[r],o),o[B.P]\u0026\u0026o[B.P].dt\u0026\u0026(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+\"start\",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+\"end\",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+\"end\",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=\u003e{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,\"fetch\",Y),t.on(Y+\"end\",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get(\"content-length\");null!==i\u0026\u0026(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+\"done\",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+\"done\",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||\"\").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||\"\").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||\"\").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)\u0026\u0026this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())\u0026\u0026(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin\u0026\u0026!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin\u0026\u0026this.isAllowedOrigin(e)\u0026\u0026this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())\u0026\u0026(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return\"00-\"+t+\"-\"+e+\"-01\"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+\"@nr=0-1-\"+r+\"-\"+n+\"-\"+e+\"----\"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!(\"function\"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:\"Browser\",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o\u0026\u0026n!==o\u0026\u0026(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()\u0026\u0026this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,\"distributed_tracing\")\u0026\u0026(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n\u003cr.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname\u0026\u0026e.protocol===i.protocol\u0026\u0026e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,\"distributed_tracing\");return!!e\u0026\u0026!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,\"distributed_tracing\");return!!e\u0026\u0026!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,\"distributed_tracing\");return!!e\u0026\u0026!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,\"distributed_tracing\");return!!e\u0026\u0026!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=[\"load\",\"error\",\"abort\",\"timeout\"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=\u003e(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:\"xhr\",fetch:\"fetch\",beacon:\"beacon\"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType(\"resource\").forEach((t=\u003e{if(t.initiatorType in e\u0026\u00260!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler(\"xhr\",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener(\"load\",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener(\"progress\",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid\u0026\u0026this.sameOrigin\u0026\u0026r.setRequestHeader(\"X-NewRelic-ID\",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader\u0026\u0026(r.setRequestHeader(\"newrelic\",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader\u0026\u0026(r.setRequestHeader(\"traceparent\",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader\u0026\u0026r.setRequestHeader(\"tracestate\",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o\u0026\u0026(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n\u0026\u0026i){var a=G(i);a\u0026\u0026(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{\"abort\"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),(\"load\"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs\u0026\u0026(o.onloadCalled||\"function\"!=typeof r.onload)\u0026\u0026\"function\"==typeof o.end)\u0026\u0026o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit(\"internal-error\",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s\u003cde;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled\u0026\u0026\"function\"==typeof r.onload||\"function\"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=\"\"+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids\u0026\u0026!this.xhrGuids[r]\u0026\u0026(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=\"\"+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids\u0026\u0026this.xhrGuids[r]\u0026\u0026(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe\u0026\u0026\"load\"===e[0]\u0026\u0026t.emit(\"xhr-load-added\",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe\u0026\u0026\"load\"===e[0]\u0026\u0026t.emit(\"xhr-load-removed\",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe\u0026\u0026(\"onload\"===r\u0026\u0026(this.onload=!0),(\"load\"===(e[0]\u0026\u0026e[0].type)||this.onload)\u0026\u0026(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart\u0026\u0026t.emit(\"xhr-cb-time\",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if(\"string\"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length\u0026\u0026p.RI\u0026\u0026(t=\"\"+p.gm.location.href):e[0]\u0026\u0026e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL\u0026\u0026e[0]\u0026\u0026e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:\"function\"==typeof e[0].toString\u0026\u0026(t=e[0].toString()),\"string\"==typeof t\u0026\u00260!==t.length){t\u0026\u0026(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i\u0026\u0026(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]\u0026\u0026e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)\u0026\u0026(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)\u0026\u0026(this.dt=i),e.length\u003e1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader\u0026\u0026(e.set(\"newrelic\",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader\u0026\u0026(e.set(\"traceparent\",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader\u0026\u0026e.set(\"tracestate\",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length\u003e=1\u0026\u0026(this.target=e[0]),e.length\u003e=2\u0026\u0026(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;\"string\"==typeof i?r=i:\"object\"==typeof i\u0026\u0026i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL\u0026\u0026\"object\"==typeof i\u0026\u0026i instanceof URL\u0026\u0026(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(\"\"+(i\u0026\u0026i instanceof le\u0026\u0026i.method||n.method||\"GET\")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,\"string\"==typeof this.rxSize\u0026\u0026this.rxSize.length\u003e0\u0026\u0026(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r(\"xhr\",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,\"fetch\"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t\u003cde;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status\u0026\u0026(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r(\"xhr\",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,\"xhr\"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return\"json\"===r\u0026\u0026null!==t?t:\"arraybuffer\"===r||\"blob\"===r||\"json\"===r?G(e.response):\"text\"===r||\"\"===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n\u0026\u0026(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader(\"X-NewRelic-App-Data\");i\u0026\u0026((0,x.p)(O.rs,[\"Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen\"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(\", \").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on(\"new-xhr\",i),t.on(\"open-xhr-start\",o),t.on(\"open-xhr-end\",s),t.on(\"send-xhr-start\",c),t.on(\"xhr-cb-time\",u),t.on(\"xhr-load-added\",d),t.on(\"xhr-load-removed\",l),t.on(\"xhr-resolved\",f),t.on(\"addEventListener-end\",h),t.on(\"removeEventListener-end\",g),t.on(\"fn-end\",v),t.on(\"fetch-before-start\",b),t.on(\"fetch-start\",y),t.on(\"fn-start\",m),t.on(\"fetch-done\",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+\":\"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=[\"pushState\",\"replaceState\"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\"history\")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,\"-\")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)(\"bst\",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)(\"bstHist\",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=\u003e{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(\"\".concat(Oe.H3,\"_\").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)\u0026\u0026this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=\u003ethis.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on(\"err\",(e=\u003e{this.replayRunning\u0026\u0026(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=\u003e{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e\u0026\u0026(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL\u0026\u0026this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder\u0026\u0026this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL\u0026\u0026(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=\u003e{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=\u003e{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=\u003e(0,x.p)(\"newURL\",[(0,S.t)(),\"\"+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on(\"pushState-end\",n),r.on(\"replaceState-end\",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)(\"popstate\",(e=\u003e(0,x.p)(\"newURL\",[e.timeStamp,\"\"+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=\u003e{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=\u003e{(0,x.p)(\"newDom\",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=\u003e{(0,x.p)(\"newUIEvent\",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=[\"appendChild\",\"insertBefore\",\"replaceChild\"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\"jsonp\")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?\u0026](?:callback|cb)=([^\u0026#]+)/,i=/(.*)\\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\\w+)(\\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,\"dom-\"),t.on(\"dom-start\",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||\"string\"!=typeof e.nodeName||\"script\"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if(\"function\"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t\u0026\u0026t.length\u003e=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if(\"function\"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit(\"jsonp-end\",[],d),e.removeEventListener(\"load\",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener(\"error\",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit(\"jsonp-error\",[],d),t.emit(\"jsonp-end\",[],d),e.removeEventListener(\"load\",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener(\"error\",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],\"cb-\",d),e.addEventListener(\"load\",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener(\"error\",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit(\"new-jsonp\",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\"promise\")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i\u0026\u0026function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,\"executor-\",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,\"name\",{value:\"Promise\"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),[\"all\",\"race\"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=\u003e{this.resolve(e).then(a(\"all\"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit(\"propagate\",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),[\"resolve\",\"reject\"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r\u0026\u0026t.emit(\"propagate\",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],\"cb-\",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],\"cb-\",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit(\"propagate\",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on(\"executor-start\",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],\"resolve-\",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],\"resolve-\",this,null,!1)})),t.on(\"executor-err\",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on(\"cb-end\",(function(e,r,n){t.emit(\"propagate\",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on(\"propagate\",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx\u0026\u0026!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r\u0026\u0026r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke=\"setTimeout\",Ue=\"setInterval\",Ve=\"clearTimeout\",Ge=\"-start\",Fe=[Ke,\"setImmediate\",Ue,Ve,\"clearImmediate\"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\"timer\")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+\"-\"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+\"-\"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+\"-\"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],\"fn-\",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],\"fn-\",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\"mutation\")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n\u0026\u0026(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,\"fn-\")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get(\"tracer\"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get(\"events\"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit(\"newURL\",[\"\"+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r\u0026\u0026h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on(\"fn-err\",((...t)=\u003e{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)(\"function-err\",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,\"xhr-resolved\"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer([\"setTimeout\"+Ye,\"clearTimeout\"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,\"new-xhr\",\"send-xhr\"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+\"-done\",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer([\"newURL\"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer([\"propagate\",tt,Je,\"executor-err\",\"resolve\"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,\"no-\"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer([\"new-jsonp\",\"cb-start\",\"jsonp-error\",\"jsonp-end\"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+\"-done\"),v(o,\"new-jsonp\"),v(o,\"jsonp-end\"),v(o,\"cb-start\"),l.on(\"pushState-end\",h),l.on(\"replaceState-end\",h),window.addEventListener(\"hashchange\",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener(\"load\",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener(\"popstate\",(function(){h(0,n\u003e1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI\u0026\u0026e.init.user_actions.enabled\u0026\u0026(it.Zp.forEach((e=\u003e(0,A.sp)(e,(e=\u003e(0,x.p)(\"ua\",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=\u003e(0,A.sp)(e,(e=\u003e(0,x.p)(\"ua\",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=\u003ee))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on(\"wrap-logger-end\",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=\u003ee.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||\"agent\"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=\u003ea.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=\u003e{if(!t[r.featureName]\u0026\u0026r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa\u0026\u0026r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa\u0026\u0026r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=\u003e!(e in this.features)));n.length\u003e0\u0026\u0026(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:\"spa\"})})()})();\n","testAutomationFlags":{"disableAds":false,"disableIirisAuth":false,"disableWelcomeAd":false,"disableBigskyAd":false,"disableIirisRecommend":false,"disableDcts":false,"disableWeatherWidget":false,"disableCashGrainWidget":false,"disableCommoditiesWidget":false,"disableCaptcha":false,"disableCookieBanner":false,"overrideBrandStyling":"","overrideThemeStyling":""},"configState":{"font":{"primary":{"name":"Inter","url":"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@100;200;300;400;500;600;700;800;900\u0026display=swap"},"secondary":{"name":"Inter","url":"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@100;200;300;400;500;600;700;800;900\u0026display=swap"}},"theme":"theme1","uiBrand":"darkreading","isMarketsDivision":false,"image":{"brand":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltc94608acf452fd67/655cf371ab171e040a838b2a/329050_DR23_Graphics_Website_V5_Default_Image_v1.png","contributor":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt171e20ac163e523a/65004ec08c754b16dd16303c/Contributor_Avatar.png"},"media":{"brightcoveAccountId":"1568176135"},"newsletterSignupPromo":{"unbounceURL":"https://dr-resources.darkreading.com/free/w_defa3135/prgm.cgi"},"isOneTrustLoaded":false}},"routes/program.$slug":{"programName":"DR Global","breadcrumbs":[{"url":"/","title":"Home"},{"url":"/program/dr-global","title":"DR Global"}],"moduleIds":[{"uid":"bltb5e832a17096d0c2","contentTypeUid":"module_featured"},{"uid":"blta3ba36ccebf4a5f7","contentTypeUid":"module_two_column_highlight"},{"uid":"blte035410739754c35","contentTypeUid":"module_latest_content"}],"modules":[{"type":"module_top_featured","uid":"bltb5e832a17096d0c2","data":{"title":"DR Global","features":[{"variant":"normal","contentType":"Article","thumbnail":{"src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltd502f5f16eccdd60/672e338375f0c35eb5c9bb85/bengal-cat-Juniors_Bildarchiv_GmbH-Alamy.jpg","alt":"2 adult Bengal cats in an apartment"},"articleName":"Gootloader Cyberattackers Target Bengal-Cat Aficionados in Oz","articleUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/gootloader-cyberattackers-bengal-cat-aficionados-oz","listPageUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/gootloader-cyberattackers-bengal-cat-aficionados-oz","linkAttrs":{},"mobileHeadline":"Gootloader Cyberattackers Target Bengal-Cat Fans in Oz","date":"2024-11-07T17:00:02.000Z","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Cyberattacks \u0026 Data Breaches","categoryUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches","contributors":[{"name":"Dark Reading Staff","link":"/author/dark-reading-staff","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg","role":"Dark Reading"}],"timeRead":1,"articleSummary":"It's unclear what the threat actors have against this particular breed of cat, but it's taking down the kitty's enthusiasts with SEO-poisoned links and malware payloads.","paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}},{"variant":"normal","contentType":"Article","thumbnail":{"src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blta774399a3328f72d/65ca92eb3900f2040ac3f04a/cg_alex-africa-centered-globe-shutterstock.jpg","alt":"Green globe showing Africa"},"articleName":"African Reliance on Foreign Suppliers Boosts Insecurity Concerns","articleUrl":"/cyber-risk/african-reliance-on-foreign-suppliers-boosts-insecurity","listPageUrl":"/cyber-risk/african-reliance-on-foreign-suppliers-boosts-insecurity","linkAttrs":{},"mobileHeadline":"African Reliance on Foreign Suppliers Boosts Insecurity Concerns","date":"2024-11-20T08:00:00.000Z","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Cyber Risk","categoryUrl":"/cyber-risk","contributors":[{"name":"Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer","link":"/author/robert-lemos","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png","role":""}],"timeRead":5,"articleSummary":"Recent backdoor implants and cyber-espionage attacks on their supply chains have African organizations looking to diversify beyond Chinese, American tech vendors.","paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}},{"variant":"normal","contentType":"Article","thumbnail":{"src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt8507d30a7f1ddee0/67293d75e34a69dd96e96afa/pakistan_Mehaniq_shutterstock.jpg","alt":"The Pakistan flag projected on a computer screen showing program code"},"articleName":"APT36 Refines Tools in Attacks on Indian Targets","articleUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/apt36-refines-tools-attacks-indian-targets","listPageUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/apt36-refines-tools-attacks-indian-targets","linkAttrs":{},"mobileHeadline":"APT36 Refines Tools in Attacks on Indian Targets","date":"2024-11-04T22:39:41.000Z","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Cyberattacks \u0026 Data Breaches","categoryUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches","contributors":[{"name":"Jai Vijayan, Contributing Writer","link":"/author/jai-vijayan","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt1a674355ce57f27b/64f14f228727730c7f926217/Jai-Vijayan.jpeg","role":""}],"timeRead":4,"articleSummary":"The Pakistan-based advanced persistent threat actor has been carrying on a cyber-espionage campaign targeting organizations on the subcontinent for more than a decade, and it's now using a new and improved \"ElizaRAT\" malware.","paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}},{"variant":"normal","contentType":"Article","thumbnail":{"src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt09d4762ef3e9b960/674f7781d75db15bef05a614/cdn_ArtemisDiana_shutterstock.jpg","alt":"Concept illustration of a content delivery network on a world map"},"articleName":"Misconfigured WAFs Heighten DoS, Breach Risks","articleUrl":"/application-security/misconfigured-wafs-heighten-dos-breach-risks","listPageUrl":"/application-security/misconfigured-wafs-heighten-dos-breach-risks","linkAttrs":{},"mobileHeadline":"Misconfigured WAFs Heighten DoS, Breach Risks","date":"2024-12-03T22:34:37.000Z","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Application Security","categoryUrl":"/application-security","contributors":[{"name":"Jai Vijayan, Contributing Writer","link":"/author/jai-vijayan","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt1a674355ce57f27b/64f14f228727730c7f926217/Jai-Vijayan.jpeg","role":""}],"timeRead":4,"articleSummary":"Organizations that rely on their content delivery network provider for Web application firewall services may be inadvertently leaving themselves open to attack.","paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}},{"variant":"normal","contentType":"Article","thumbnail":{"src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt850556f866500627/654a5a8e05eb4d040a046894/325351_DR23_Graphics_General_Large_Text_v1.png","alt":"PR Logo"},"articleName":"BigID Releases Data Activity Monitoring to Extend DDR, Detect Malicious Actors, and Strengthen Data Security Posture","articleUrl":"/threat-intelligence/bigid-releases-data-activity-monitoring-to-extend-ddr-detect-malicious-actors-and-strengthen-data-security-posture","listPageUrl":"/threat-intelligence/bigid-releases-data-activity-monitoring-to-extend-ddr-detect-malicious-actors-and-strengthen-data-security-posture","linkAttrs":{},"mobileHeadline":"BigID Releases Data Activity Monitoring to Extend DDR, Detect Malicious Actors, and Strengthen Data Security Posture","date":"2024-12-03T22:31:42.000Z","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Threat Intelligence","categoryUrl":"/threat-intelligence","contributors":[],"timeRead":2,"articleSummary":" ","paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}],"latestNews":[],"variant":"featured","recentLabel":"","ctaButton":"","ctaButtonLink":"/","dateDisplay":"show","adPosition":"right","rectangleAdPos":"300_1v","moduleLocation":"modular_program","trackGtmUid":"module_featured"}},{"type":"module_two_column_highlight","uid":"blta3ba36ccebf4a5f7","data":{"title":"DR Global Regions","moduleDisplayOptions":"threeEntries","moduleLocation":"modular_program","data":[{"contents":[{"contentType":"Article","variant":"card-horizontal","layoutVariant":"horizontal","thumbnail":{"src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltf45aedac7f619d1e/6744f4c5df95885d64555b94/thinkhubstudio-investment-security-shutterstock.jpg","alt":"Hands holing and working a tablet, overlaid with charts"},"articleName":"Israel Defies VC Downturn With More Cybersecurity Investments","articleSummary":"With a focus on creating technologies for other markets, Israel continues to be a valued destination for venture capital in cybersecurity outside the US and Europe.","articleBody":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Though funding for cybersecurity startups began slowing globally in late 2022, Israeli startups continue to win significant cybersecurity investments, even with the nation's ongoing military operation in Gaza and escalating regional tensions."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The continued investment shows that Israel continues to be one of the strongest hubs for tech innovation in the US outside of Silicon Valley, says Or Shoshani, CEO and co-founder of Tel Aviv-based Stream.Security. His company, a cloud detection and response firm, garnered its first round of funding — a $26 million Series A — in March 2022 at the tail end of the boom. Earlier this month, the company was awarded a Series B round for $30 million."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"I've been traveling more than I've been doing in the last four years. Why? Just to show that we are here to support our customers, and we have built a business that is truly resilient, regardless of where we are and regardless of the state [of affairs] Israel is experiencing.\""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Following a two-year drought, cybersecurity startup companies are "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/cybersecurity-operations/analysts-cybersecurity-funding-uptick-2h-2023","target":"_self","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"seeing an uptick in investment"},{"type":"text","text":" internationally, with the value of deals expected to grow by 45% in 2024 — a reversal of fortunes compared to the 40% decrease in 2022 and 49% drop in 2023, according to "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.altitudecyber.com/resources/altitude-cyber-market-reviews","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"data from cybersecurity investment-advisory firm Altitude Cyber"},{"type":"text","text":"."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"}},{"type":"figure","attrs":{"figcaption":"Following a peak in Q4 2021, investment in cybersecurity firms tapered off for two years. It's starting to return. Top: Number of deals. Bottom: Value of deals in billions of US$. Source: Altitude Cyber"},"content":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"textAlign":"left","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt31d6706ae2158eee/6744f25cf8c46b834e2fc5b1/altitude_cyber-vc-investment-chart.jpg","alt":"Altitude Cyber cybersecurity investment chart","title":null,"style":{"float":"center"}}},{"type":"text","text":"Following a peak in Q4 2021, investment in cybersecurity firms tapered off for two years. It's starting to return. Top: Number of deals. Bottom: Value of deals in billions of US$. Source: Altitude Cyber"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The investment focus of Altitude Cyber's clients, for example, remains the US, Israel, and Europe, followed by the rest of the world, says Dino Boukouris, founder and managing partner at the firm."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"We don't anticipate that trend will change any time soon,\" he says. \"Even with the geopolitical climate we're in, Israel has continued to deliver, the US cyber market remains as strong as ever, and Europe [and the] UK continue to innovate and produce really great cyber companies.\""}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"textAlign":"left","level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Cybersecurity Springs Back"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Israel's research and development centers took off during the US regulatory assault on encryption in the 1990s and the migration of chip design to many of the technology parks around Tel Aviv and Haifa during the past two decades. On the cybersecurity side, the nation has developed \"outsized\" capabilities, according to "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/lessons-from-israel-s-rise-as-a-cyber-power","target":"_self","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"a recent history of Israel's evolution in cybersecurity"},{"type":"text","text":"."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Similar to Silicon Valley, going out for a cup of coffee often means running into two or three entrepreneurs that are going to tell you about their latest idea, says Jacques Benkoski, general partner at US Venture Partners, an investor in Stream.Security."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"With the country's focus on cybersecurity and the density of talent and education available in a small area, innovation naturally follows, he says. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"When you look at the history of venture capital, you have nodes of innovation that are characterized by a catalytic density of talent — you look at places like Silicon Valley, you look at places like Tel Aviv, and you just have a lot of people that are focused on the same thing,\" he says. \"And from the acceleration through dialogues and the collisions [of ideas] between those people comes more innovation\" than other parts of the world."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Yet, one aspect of Israel's venture-capital scene is that investors do not want to fund companies solving local problems. Instead, the focus is on creating technologies and businesses that address issues in the US, Europe, and worldwide, Benkoski say."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"We typically invest in companies that see the US as their primary market — it's actually an investment condition,\" he says. Second rounds of venture capital for companies like Stream.Security are often to develop a stronger presence in their primary market, he adds."}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"textAlign":"left","level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Broadening Out Cybersecurity Investment"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"While the country's cybersecurity ecosystem certainly has its adherents, other investors see a focus on local ecosystems to be desirable. Ukraine has historically had a strong cybersecurity community — albeit mixed with its share of cybercriminal groups — and that could see a resurgence if Russia ends its war, says Ron Gula, president of Gula Tech Adventures, an investment firm."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"I'm hopeful that the Ukraine war will end soon, and believe the tech ecosystem there will emerge as a rival to the Israeli ecosystem,\" he says."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Other areas of the world also offer substantial benefits for investment. In addition to expanding its investment into Israel, Forgepoint Capital plans to focus on Latin America and the Asia-Pacific regions, where the mobile-first ecosystem requires a tailored approach to cybersecurity, managing director J. Alberto Yépez says."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"Other geographies have more of a built-in enterprise industry infrastructure to support local innovation, with established institutions taking an active role to drive collaboration and better anticipate and address their customers' needs,\" he says, adding that the firm has partnered with global financial institutions to help innovate. \"We aim to address a critical gap in growth funding for startups in Europe while expanding our purview into Latin America and Israel,\" he says."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"One overhyped technology for investors? AI. While artificial intelligence has technology giants spending heavily — and nearly every cybersecurity firm boasts of AI features — "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/cybersecurity-operations/ai-supply-chain-seed-stage-venture-capital-cybersecurity-investment","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"the impact of AI startups on cybersecurity remains modest"},{"type":"text","text":", says Altitude's Boukouris. But there have been some significant financing deals for AI-cybersecurity companies in past few years, including Protect AI ($60 million in Series B funding, HiddenLayer ($50 million, Series A), Witness AI ($28 million, Series A), and Cranium ($25 million, Series A), he says."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"Vendors specifically focused on security for AI/ML are still primarily in the early stages in terms of funding,\" he says. \"We've only seen one significant M\u0026A event so far, with Robust Intelligence being acquired by Cisco for around $300 million, which indicates that we are still in the early stages of security for AI.\""}]}],"mobileHeadline":"Israel Defies VC Downturn With More Cybersecurity Investments","articleUrl":"/application-security/israel-defies-downturn-security-funding","listPageUrl":"/application-security/israel-defies-downturn-security-funding","linkAttrs":{},"date":"Nov 27, 2024","timeRead":5,"categoryName":"Application Security","categoryUrl":"/application-security","contributors":[{"name":"Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png","link":"/author/robert-lemos"}],"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}},{"contentType":"Article","variant":"card-horizontal","layoutVariant":"horizontal","thumbnail":{"src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt850556f866500627/654a5a8e05eb4d040a046894/325351_DR23_Graphics_General_Large_Text_v1.png","alt":"PR Logo"},"articleName":"Endace Establishes Middle East Regional Headquarters in Saudi Arabia","articleSummary":" ","articleBody":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"PRESS RELEASE"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"AUCKLAND, New Zealand and READING, UK – November 19, 2024 –"},{"type":"text","text":" "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.endace.com","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"Endace"},{"type":"text","text":", the world leader in packet capture, announces the formation of a new company in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to continue expansion in the Middle East, further demonstrating Endace’s commitment to the Middle East Region."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Having successfully deployed a number of very large infrastructure projects in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the United Arab Emirates, Endace is expanding its footprint in the region with the establishment of a new Middle East Regional Headquarters – Endace Arabia LLC – located in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Endace will build a local team to assist customers in the Middle East to secure their mission critical networks by leveraging Endace’s Always-On packet capture."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“This is an extremely significant market,” says Endace CEO, Stuart Wilson. “Endace products are already deployed in mission-critical networks across the Globe to secure critical infrastructure against cyberattacks. With our close partnership with StarLink we are uncovering strong growth opportunities for Endace capabilities in Defense, Government, Critical Infrastructure and Enterprise across the Middle East region.”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“It’s encouraging to see organizations in the Middle East recognizing the critical importance of cybersecurity and prioritizing investments to implement the foundations of robust cyber defense for critical infrastructure. They are not only adopting but in many cases actually defining global best practice,” Wilson says. “StarLink has proven to be a fantastic partner in the region, providing local expertise and broad reach in promoting the adoption of Endace technology.”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“StarLink and Endace have been collaborating strategically in Saudi from the very first project. With Endace now incorporated and expanding its local team, we can jointly provide this critical technology for cyber defense to a much wider set of customers across the region. We are looking forward to a closer and stronger collaboration,” says Mohammad Abou Okdeh, Regional Director for KSA at StarLink Saudi Arabia."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"About Endace"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.endace.com","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"Endace’s"},{"type":"text","text":" scalable, "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.endace.com/learn/what-is-network-packet-capture","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"always-on packet capture"},{"type":"text","text":" gives Network Operations and Security teams the deep visibility they need for fast, accurate incident investigation with rich forensic evidence at their fingertips from all their tools. "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.endace.com/endaceprobe","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"EndaceProbes"},{"type":"text","text":" provide enterprise-class "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.endace.com/learn/what-is-packet-sniffing","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"packet sniffing"},{"type":"text","text":" in on-prem, public and private cloud environments, with rapid, centralized search and one-click access to full "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.endace.com/learn/what-is-a-pcap-file","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"pcap"},{"type":"text","text":" data from "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.endace.com/fusion-partners","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"leading security and performance solutions"},{"type":"text","text":" (including Palo Alto Networks, Fortinet, Cisco, Splunk, Elastic, and many others). "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.endace.com/learn/sans-packet-analysis-with-jake-williams-series-1","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"Analyze network traffic"},{"type":"text","text":" using a single, unified console across all on-premise, private, or public cloud infrastructure for total hybrid cloud visibility. Capture every packet. See every threat. "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.endace.com","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"www.endace.com"}]}],"mobileHeadline":"Endace Establishes Middle East Regional Headquarters in Saudi Arabia","articleUrl":"/cybersecurity-operations/endace-establishes-middle-east-regional-headquarters-in-saudi-arabia","listPageUrl":"/cybersecurity-operations/endace-establishes-middle-east-regional-headquarters-in-saudi-arabia","linkAttrs":{},"date":"Nov 21, 2024","timeRead":2,"categoryName":"Cybersecurity Operations","categoryUrl":"/cybersecurity-operations","contributors":[],"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}},{"contentType":"Article","variant":"card-horizontal","layoutVariant":"horizontal","thumbnail":{"src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blta774399a3328f72d/65ca92eb3900f2040ac3f04a/cg_alex-africa-centered-globe-shutterstock.jpg","alt":"Green globe showing Africa"},"articleName":"African Reliance on Foreign Suppliers Boosts Insecurity Concerns","articleSummary":"Recent backdoor implants and cyber-espionage attacks on their supply chains have African organizations looking to diversify beyond Chinese, American tech vendors.","articleBody":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Every night for five years, computers and network appliances from the headquarters of the African Union in Ethiopia — a facility built by Chinese firms — "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.cfr.org/blog/african-union-bugged-china-cyber-espionage-evidence-strategic-shifts","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"reportedly reached out"},{"type":"text","text":" to China-based systems and uploaded sensitive data. The espionage through the technology supply chain, which China's government denies, undermined the security of the pan-African organization."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The incident and more recent supply-chain breaches have underscored that reliance on foreign technological supply chains carries with it significant risks. While using a technology supply chain anchored in China was seen as a less constrained option than US and European options, the truth is that African nations need to evaluate the security of all their supply chains across applications, consumer devices, infrastructure, and service providers, according to "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://africacenter.org/spotlight/external-actor-influence-africa-technology-sector/","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"a report published by the Africa Center for Strategic Studies"},{"type":"text","text":", a research and academic center funded by the US Department of Defense."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"I don't think there's an African country that doesn't have some kind of interest in fostering a more robust technology industry and finding various ways to exert more ownership and agency over various aspects of the technology sector,\" says Nate Allen, associate professor at the Africa Center for Strategic Studies and the author of the report. \"You are seeing increasing African interest in having more ownership and say over their technology supply chains.\""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Supply-chain security has become a major issue worldwide following malicious events, such as "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/cyberattacks-data-breaches/notpetya-how-to-prep-and-respond-if-you-re-hit","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"the WannaCry and NotPetya worms"},{"type":"text","text":" and "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/application-security/solarwinds-faces-potential-sec-enforcement-act-over-orion-breach","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"the compromise of SolarWinds"},{"type":"text","text":", as well as IT supply-chain failures, "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/cyberattacks-data-breaches/delta-launches-500m-lawsuit-crowdstrike","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"like this summer's CrowdStrike outage"},{"type":"text","text":". The US government has voiced concerns over the extent to which US maritime ports are "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/ics-ot-security/concerns-supply-chain-attacks-us-seaports-grow","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"reliant on Chinese equipment and investment"},{"type":"text","text":", and China has begun creating its "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/threat-intelligence/china-cyber-corps-hone-skills-virtual-battlefields","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"own operating system and software ecosystem"},{"type":"text","text":"."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Similarly, African nations have become wary of information technology supplied by any number of foreign countries, including China, Russia, the US, and Europe. While African nations need the technology and investment, they are pursuing initiatives to reduce their reliance, says Mark Walker, vice president of data and analytics for the Middle East, Turkey, and Africa for IDC South Africa."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"The reality is that we live in a multidimensional, globally interconnected world, [where] development is reliant on significant capital investment and R\u0026D to develop technology — often this is in limited supply across Africa,\" he says. \"That said, many African nations are focusing on developing local software and technology skills in their populations to offset reliance on global players and also ensure that solutions are relevant to local market condition and needs. Education plays a significant role in this.\""}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"textAlign":"left","level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"China, US Dominate Africa's Tech Market"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Those efforts are still nascent, with the reality that the top technology suppliers in Africa come from China and the US. In mobile applications, for example, 36 of 2023's top-100 applications are from Chinese companies, while 23 are from US companies, "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.datasparkle.net/home/pc/en/home/index.html","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"according to a report from DataSparkle"},{"type":"text","text":", a provider of data and analytics for emerging markets. Africa-based developers only account for only seven applications, mostly focused on digital cash and payment applications."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The US dominates the operating-system supply chain with Microsoft's Windows, Google's Android, and Apple's iOS dominating the field."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"If you're not China and you're not the United States, you just have a lot of dependencies in your technology supply chain, and there's no way around it — even to some extent, if you are China and the United States,\" ACSS's Allen says."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Yet, the 54 nations on the content have options. While foreign firms provide much of the technology, the African market continues to grow and the domestic technology sector continues to have the most insight into nation-by-nation needs."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"[A] detailed view of Africa’s technology sector reveals that it is not under the control of any one actor, and there are plenty of opportunities for Africans to assert agency,\" the ACSS report stated. \"By further fostering diversity and competition within the tech sector, African governments can help mitigate the vulnerabilities that come from external actor influence.\""}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"textAlign":"left","level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Future of Technology Supply Chains in Africa"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Companies entering the market should find ways to address the cybersecurity concerns of African customers, because if they don't, someone else will, says IDC South Africa's Walker."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"Competition is strong, and vendors are judged on their ability to supply relevant technologies and services at a fair price with solid [local] support structures,\" he says, adding that companies should understand \"the local market dynamics, including economic and political realities and the local regulatory environments. Security issues faced in the Horn of Africa around Somalia are different to those faced in northern Nigeria and the Magreb, which again, differ significantly from southeast Africa.\""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Among incidents in Africa, Chinese hackers targeted Kenyan officials following the nation's trouble paying back loans from China, according to "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/chinese-hackers-attacked-kenyan-government-debt-strains-grew-2023-05-24/","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"news reports published in 2023"},{"type":"text","text":", while another incident involved a state-sponsored group targeting foreign-affairs ministries, embassies, and military forces in Africa in an operation dubbed Diplomatic Specter, according to a threat analysis published in May."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"In addition, African officials "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/application-security/under-resourced-maintainers-pose-risk-to-africas-open-source-push","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"have warned"},{"type":"text","text":" that an important technology supply chain for the continent — open-source software (OSS) — needs to be better secured to prevent malicious attacks."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"I don't think that Africans are naive, or any government around the world is naive — I think they know that, if you are being sold a technology product that is not domestically produced, then there's always going to be some kind of security risk there,\" says ACSS's Allen. \"I think the question is, how can you mitigate that security risk?\""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Companies working in the markets need to have an answer to that question, he says."}]}],"mobileHeadline":"African Reliance on Foreign Suppliers Boosts Insecurity Concerns","articleUrl":"/cyber-risk/african-reliance-on-foreign-suppliers-boosts-insecurity","listPageUrl":"/cyber-risk/african-reliance-on-foreign-suppliers-boosts-insecurity","linkAttrs":{},"date":"Nov 20, 2024","timeRead":5,"categoryName":"Cyber Risk","categoryUrl":"/cyber-risk","contributors":[{"name":"Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png","link":"/author/robert-lemos"}],"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}],"columnTitle":"News from Middle East \u0026 Africa","ctaButton":{"buttonTitle":"More Middle East \u0026 Africa News","buttonUrl":"https://www.darkreading.com/keyword/middle-east-africa"}},{"contents":[{"contentType":"Article","variant":"card-horizontal","layoutVariant":"horizontal","thumbnail":{"src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt542489a536cab0f1/6740d347fba932e2d2b824db/yakuza-Robert_Gilhooly-Alamy.jpg","alt":"A scattered group of magazines about Japan's underworld"},"articleName":"Yakuza Victim Data Leaked in Japanese Agency Attack","articleSummary":"A local government resource for helping Japanese citizens cut ties with organized crime was successfully phished in a tech support scam, and could have dangerous consequences.","articleBody":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Japan's web of ruthless Yakuza organized crime syndicates continues to operate, threatening the country's citizens with everything from extortion to gangland murders. Local agencies within communities are set up to help those who get involved with gangsters — but unfortunately, one of them has been hacked, potentially leading to physical safety consequences for the victims."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The Kumamoto Prefecture Violence Prevention Movement Promotion Center said that 2,500 people who have used its counseling services (which aid with everything from evading extortion to disentangling romantically from Yakuza members) have been impacted by a data breach following a successful "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/threat-intelligence/transport-logistics-stealthy-phishing","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"phishing effort"},{"type":"text","text":"."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"On November 15th, a center staff member was directed to a "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/cyberattacks-data-breaches/as-phishing-gets-sneakier-browser-security-needs-to-step-up","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"support fraud website"},{"type":"text","text":" while working and was illegally accessed,\" according to an "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.kumamoto-boutsui.com/","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"\"apology\" notice"},{"type":"text","text":" on the agency's website (via Google Translate). \"When the staff member noticed something was wrong, he immediately cut off the power and network connection of the computer terminal, but we cannot deny the possibility that data including personal information used in work may have been leaked.\""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"That information could include addresses, phone numbers, and names: “If you receive a phone call or mail using the name or staff of the 'Violence Prevention Movement Promotion Center' at your address or workplace, please immediately report it … without responding to the request of the other party or opening the mail.”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Beyond follow-on phishing or fraud calls however, the information could be valuable for syndicates looking for those who have left \"the life\" or extortion victims who got away. The center is contacting those who may have been affected."}]}],"mobileHeadline":"Yakuza Victim Data Leaked in Japanese Agency Attack","articleUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/yakuza-victim-data-leaked-japanese-attack","listPageUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/yakuza-victim-data-leaked-japanese-attack","linkAttrs":{},"date":"Nov 22, 2024","timeRead":1,"categoryName":"Cyberattacks \u0026 Data Breaches","categoryUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches","contributors":[{"name":"Dark Reading Staff","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg","link":"/author/dark-reading-staff"}],"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}},{"contentType":"Article","variant":"card-horizontal","layoutVariant":"horizontal","thumbnail":{"src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltd502f5f16eccdd60/672e338375f0c35eb5c9bb85/bengal-cat-Juniors_Bildarchiv_GmbH-Alamy.jpg","alt":"2 adult Bengal cats in an apartment"},"articleName":"Gootloader Cyberattackers Target Bengal-Cat Aficionados in Oz","articleSummary":"It's unclear what the threat actors have against this particular breed of cat, but it's taking down the kitty's enthusiasts with SEO-poisoned links and malware payloads.","articleBody":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"New research is showing that criminal cyber actors are seemingly targeting Australians who have a penchant for Bengal cats, a breed of hybrid feline created from crossing of an Asian leopard with domestic breeds."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/cyberattacks-data-breaches/gootloader-malicious-custom-bot-army-enterprise-networks","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"Armed with Gootloader"},{"type":"text","text":", a popular malware strain often used as an infostealer or as a malware dropped prior to ransomware attacks, Sophos found that the threat actors are targeting users who search \"Are Bengal cats legal in Australia?\" and other similar questions."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The researchers found, in one example, that one website returned the following after this kind of search query: a search engine optimization (SEO)-poisoned forum containing hyperlinked texts leading the user to download a .zip file if clicked on. SEO poisoning is what the Gootloader gang is particularly known for, duping victims into clicking on malicious links disguised as legitimate resources."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"And this is just the first stage of the malware's payload. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Following a download, the user is redirected to a different website containing a large JavaScript file. This leads to multiple processes being run on the user's device, allowing threat actors to pass commands and establish persistence to deploy Gootkit — the second stage of the payload— and the malware then acts as a precursor to other tools, such as ransomware or Cobalt Strike."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The detection of the Gootloader variant used in the attacks led to a threat-hunting campaign by "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2024/11/06/bengal-cat-lovers-in-australia-get-psspsspssd-in-google-driven-gootloader-campaign/","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"Sophos X-Ops MDR"},{"type":"text","text":", with its researchers reporting that they've \"seen continued growth in this approach to initial compromise, with several massive campaigns using this technique over the past year.\""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"And while there are protection blocks that users can implement to detect for this kind of malware, it's best that they adhere to best practices and be wary of suspicious links or sources that may seem questionable. "}]}],"mobileHeadline":"Gootloader Cyberattackers Target Bengal-Cat Fans in Oz","articleUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/gootloader-cyberattackers-bengal-cat-aficionados-oz","listPageUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/gootloader-cyberattackers-bengal-cat-aficionados-oz","linkAttrs":{},"date":"Nov 7, 2024","timeRead":1,"categoryName":"Cyberattacks \u0026 Data Breaches","categoryUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches","contributors":[{"name":"Dark Reading Staff","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg","link":"/author/dark-reading-staff"}],"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}},{"contentType":"Article","variant":"card-horizontal","layoutVariant":"horizontal","thumbnail":{"src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt8507d30a7f1ddee0/67293d75e34a69dd96e96afa/pakistan_Mehaniq_shutterstock.jpg","alt":"The Pakistan flag projected on a computer screen showing program code"},"articleName":"APT36 Refines Tools in Attacks on Indian Targets","articleSummary":"The Pakistan-based advanced persistent threat actor has been carrying on a cyber-espionage campaign targeting organizations on the subcontinent for more than a decade, and it's now using a new and improved \"ElizaRAT\" malware.","articleBody":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Pakistan's APT36 threat group is using a new and improved version of its core ElizaRAT custom implant, in what appears to be a growing number of successful attacks on Indian government agencies, military entities, and diplomatic missions over the past year."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The latest ElizaRAT variant includes new evasion techniques, enhanced command-and-control (C2) capabilities, and an additional dropper component that makes it harder for defenders to detect the malware, researchers at Check Point Research (CPR) "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2024/the-evolution-of-transparent-tribes-new-malware/","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"discovered when analyzing"},{"type":"text","text":" the group's activities recently. Heightening the threat is a new stealer payload dubbed ApoloStealer, which APT36 has begun using to collect targeted file types from compromised systems, store their metadata, and transfer the information to the attacker's C2 server."}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"textAlign":"left","level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"A Step-by-Step Cyberattack Capability"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"With the introduction of their new stealer, the group can now implement a 'step-by-step' approach, deploying malware tailored to specific targets,\" says Sergey Shykevich, threat intelligence group manager at Check Point Software. \"This ensures that even if defenders detect their activities, they primarily find only a segment of the overall malware arsenal.\""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Heightening the challenge is the threat group's using of legitimate software, living off the land binaries (LoLBins), and legitimate services like Telegram, Slack, and Google Drive for C2 communications. The use of these services has significantly complicated the task of tracking malware communications in network traffic, Shykevich says."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"APT36, who security vendors variously track as "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/cyberattacks-data-breaches/pakistani-transparent-tribe-apt-aims-for-cross-platform-impact","target":"_self","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"Transparent Tribe"},{"type":"text","text":", "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Indian-military-personnel-targeted-by-information-theft-campaign-cmajor.pdf","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"Operation C-Major"},{"type":"text","text":", "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/a/investigating-apt36-or-earth-karkaddans-attack-chain-and-malware.html","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"Earth Karkaddan"},{"type":"text","text":", and "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://brandefense.io/blog/apt-groups/mythic-leopard-apt-group/","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"Mythic Leopard"},{"type":"text","text":", is a Pakistani threat group that. since around 2013, has primarily targeted Indian government and military entities in numerous intelligence gathering operations. Like many other tightly focused threat groups, APT36s campaigns have occasionally targeted organizations in other countries, including Europe, Australia, and the US."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The threat actor's current malware portfolio includes tools for compromising Windows, Android, and increasingly, Linux devices. Earlier this year, BlackBerry reported an APT36 campaign where 65% of the group's attacks "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/cyberattacks-data-breaches/pakistani-transparent-tribe-apt-aims-for-cross-platform-impact","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"involved ELF binaries"},{"type":"text","text":" (Linkable Executable and Linkable Format) targeting Maya OS, a Unix-like operating system that India's defense ministry has developed as an alternative to Windows. And SentinelOne last year reported observing APT36 using romantic lures to "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/endpoint-security/caprarat-impersonates-youtube-hijack-android-devices","target":"_blank","rel":null,"class":null}}],"text":"spread malware called CopraRAT"},{"type":"text","text":" on Android devices belonging to Indian diplomatic and military personnel."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ElizaRAT is malware that the threat actor incorporated into its attack kit last September. The group has been distributing the malware via phishing emails containing links to malicious Control Panel files (CPL) stored on Google Storage. When a user opens the CPL file, it runs code that initiates the malware infection on their device, potentially giving the attacker remote access or control over the system."}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"textAlign":"left","level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Three Campaigns, Three Versions"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Check Point researchers observed APT36 actors using at least three different versions of ElizaRAT in three separate campaigns — all targeting Indian entities — over the past year."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The first was an ElizaRAT variant that used Slack channels as C2 infrastructure. APT36 began using that variant sometime late last year and about a month later began deploying ApoloStealer with it. Starting early this year, the threat group switched to using a dropper component to stealthily drop and unpack a compressed file containing a new and improved version of ElizaRAT. The new variant, like its predecessor first checked to verify if the time zone of the machine it was on was set to Indian Standard Time before executing and further malicious activity."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The latest — third — version uses Google Drive for C2 communications. It lands on victim systems via malicious CPL files that act as a dropper for ElizaRAT. The CPL files execute a variety of tasks including creating a working directory for the malware, establishing persistence and registering the victim with the C2 server. What sets the latest version apart from the two previous ElizaRAT iteration is its continuous use of cloud services like Google Cloud for its C2 communication, Shykevich says. In addition, the latest APT36 campaign features a new USB stealer called ConnectX that the threat actor is using to examine files on USBs and other external drives that might be attached to a compromised device, he says."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\"Introducing new payloads such as ApolloStealer marks a significant expansion of APT36’s malware arsenal and suggests the group is adopting a more flexible, modular approach to payload deployment,\" CPR said in its report. \"These methods primarily focus on data collection and exfiltration, underscoring their sustained emphasis on intelligence gathering and espionage.\""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"},{"type":"italic"}],"text":"Don't miss the latest "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/podcasts","target":"_self","rel":null,"class":null}},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"italic"}],"text":"Dark Reading Confidential podcast"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"},{"type":"italic"}],"text":", "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"where we talk about NIST's post-quantum cryptography standards and what comes next for cybersecurity practitioners. Guests from General Dynamics Information Technology (GDIT) and Carnegie Mellon University break it all down. "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.darkreading.com/cyber-risk/dark-reading-confidential-quantum","target":"_self","rel":null,"class":null}},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"italic"}],"text":"Listen now!"}]}],"mobileHeadline":"APT36 Refines Tools in Attacks on Indian Targets","articleUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/apt36-refines-tools-attacks-indian-targets","listPageUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/apt36-refines-tools-attacks-indian-targets","linkAttrs":{},"date":"Nov 4, 2024","timeRead":4,"categoryName":"Cyberattacks \u0026 Data Breaches","categoryUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches","contributors":[{"name":"Jai Vijayan, Contributing Writer","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt1a674355ce57f27b/64f14f228727730c7f926217/Jai-Vijayan.jpeg","link":"/author/jai-vijayan"}],"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}],"columnTitle":"News from Asia Pacific","ctaButton":{"buttonTitle":"More Asia Pacific News","buttonUrl":"https://www.darkreading.com/keyword/asia-pacific"}}]}},{"type":"module_latest_and_featured","uid":"blte035410739754c35","data":{"title":"DR Global Latest Content","leftColumnData":{"title":"Latest News From DR Global","contents":[{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"Hands holing and working a tablet, overlaid with charts","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltf45aedac7f619d1e/6744f4c5df95885d64555b94/thinkhubstudio-investment-security-shutterstock.jpg"},"articleName":"Israel Defies VC Downturn With More Cybersecurity Investments","mobileHeadline":"Israel Defies VC Downturn With More Cybersecurity Investments","articleUrl":"/application-security/israel-defies-downturn-security-funding","listPageUrl":"/application-security/israel-defies-downturn-security-funding","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Nov 27, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Application Security","categoryUrl":"/application-security","variant":"small","contributors":[{"name":"Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer","link":"/author/robert-lemos","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png","title":"","role":""}],"timeRead":5,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}},{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"A scattered group of magazines about Japan's underworld","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt542489a536cab0f1/6740d347fba932e2d2b824db/yakuza-Robert_Gilhooly-Alamy.jpg"},"articleName":"Yakuza Victim Data Leaked in Japanese Agency Attack","mobileHeadline":"Yakuza Victim Data Leaked in Japanese Agency Attack","articleUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/yakuza-victim-data-leaked-japanese-attack","listPageUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/yakuza-victim-data-leaked-japanese-attack","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Nov 22, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Cyberattacks \u0026 Data Breaches","categoryUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches","variant":"small","contributors":[{"name":"Dark Reading Staff","link":"/author/dark-reading-staff","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg","title":"Dark Reading","role":"Dark Reading"}],"timeRead":1,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}},{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"PR Logo","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt850556f866500627/654a5a8e05eb4d040a046894/325351_DR23_Graphics_General_Large_Text_v1.png"},"articleName":"Endace Establishes Middle East Regional Headquarters in Saudi Arabia","mobileHeadline":"Endace Establishes Middle East Regional Headquarters in Saudi Arabia","articleUrl":"/cybersecurity-operations/endace-establishes-middle-east-regional-headquarters-in-saudi-arabia","listPageUrl":"/cybersecurity-operations/endace-establishes-middle-east-regional-headquarters-in-saudi-arabia","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Nov 21, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Cybersecurity Operations","categoryUrl":"/cybersecurity-operations","variant":"small","contributors":[],"timeRead":2,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}},{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"Green globe showing Africa","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blta774399a3328f72d/65ca92eb3900f2040ac3f04a/cg_alex-africa-centered-globe-shutterstock.jpg"},"articleName":"African Reliance on Foreign Suppliers Boosts Insecurity Concerns","mobileHeadline":"African Reliance on Foreign Suppliers Boosts Insecurity Concerns","articleUrl":"/cyber-risk/african-reliance-on-foreign-suppliers-boosts-insecurity","listPageUrl":"/cyber-risk/african-reliance-on-foreign-suppliers-boosts-insecurity","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Nov 20, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Cyber Risk","categoryUrl":"/cyber-risk","variant":"small","contributors":[{"name":"Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer","link":"/author/robert-lemos","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png","title":"","role":""}],"timeRead":5,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}},{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"The Palestine flag overlaid with binary code","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt50527cbbfa2a924a/6734dc447bec925b9796de5a/Palestine_flag_binary-Christophe_Coat-Alamy.jpg"},"articleName":"Hamas Hackers Spy on Mideast Gov'ts, Disrupt Israel","mobileHeadline":"Hamas Hackers Spy on Mideast Gov'ts, Disrupt Israel","articleUrl":"/threat-intelligence/hamas-hackers-spy-mideast-govts-disrupt-israel","listPageUrl":"/threat-intelligence/hamas-hackers-spy-mideast-govts-disrupt-israel","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Nov 14, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Threat Intelligence","categoryUrl":"/threat-intelligence","variant":"small","contributors":[{"name":"Nate Nelson, Contributing Writer","link":"/author/nate-nelson","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt00df7fa701809c8c/64f15c901c6887515143a4d1/Nate-Nelson_(1).jpg","title":"","role":""}],"timeRead":4,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}},{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"A person's finger about to click on the LinkedIn app on a phone","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltfcf80168293e77d7/671c03c54e6dda81c8dcf8f4/linkedin_1800_Iain_Masterton_alamy.jpg"},"articleName":"Iranian Cybercriminals Target Aerospace Workers via LinkedIn","mobileHeadline":"Iranian Cybercriminals Target Aerospace Workers via LinkedIn","articleUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/iranian-cybercriminals-aerospace-workers-linkedin","listPageUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/iranian-cybercriminals-aerospace-workers-linkedin","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Nov 13, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Cyberattacks \u0026 Data Breaches","categoryUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches","variant":"small","contributors":[{"name":"Dark Reading Staff","link":"/author/dark-reading-staff","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg","title":"Dark Reading","role":"Dark Reading"}],"timeRead":2,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}},{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"Middle East purple lights","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt63f2693583b3cbf2/655c97a09876cf040a5f55c1/middle_east_purple_KamilSD_Alamy.jpg"},"articleName":"Middle East Cybersecurity Efforts Catch Up After Late Start","mobileHeadline":"Middle East Cybersecurity Efforts Catch Up After Late Start","articleUrl":"/cyber-risk/middle-east-cybersecurity-efforts-catch-up","listPageUrl":"/cyber-risk/middle-east-cybersecurity-efforts-catch-up","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Nov 13, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Cyber Risk","categoryUrl":"/cyber-risk","variant":"small","contributors":[{"name":"Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer","link":"/author/robert-lemos","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png","title":"","role":""}],"timeRead":4,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}},{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"2 adult Bengal cats in an apartment","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltd502f5f16eccdd60/672e338375f0c35eb5c9bb85/bengal-cat-Juniors_Bildarchiv_GmbH-Alamy.jpg"},"articleName":"Gootloader Cyberattackers Target Bengal-Cat Aficionados in Oz","mobileHeadline":"Gootloader Cyberattackers Target Bengal-Cat Fans in Oz","articleUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/gootloader-cyberattackers-bengal-cat-aficionados-oz","listPageUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/gootloader-cyberattackers-bengal-cat-aficionados-oz","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Nov 7, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Cyberattacks \u0026 Data Breaches","categoryUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches","variant":"small","contributors":[{"name":"Dark Reading Staff","link":"/author/dark-reading-staff","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg","title":"Dark Reading","role":"Dark Reading"}],"timeRead":1,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}},{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"Iran flag cyber APT","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt33e4fb195560b161/6696d68024bd250ae3ec5b0d/muhammadtoqeer-iran-cyber-flag-shutterstock.jpg"},"articleName":"Iranian APT Group Targets IP Cameras, Extends Attacks Beyond Israel","mobileHeadline":"Iranian APT Group Targets IP Cameras, Extends Attacks Beyond Israel","articleUrl":"/vulnerabilities-threats/iranian-group-targets-ip-cameras-extends-attacks-beyond-israel","listPageUrl":"/vulnerabilities-threats/iranian-group-targets-ip-cameras-extends-attacks-beyond-israel","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Nov 5, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Vulnerabilities \u0026 Threats","categoryUrl":"/vulnerabilities-threats","variant":"small","contributors":[{"name":"Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer","link":"/author/robert-lemos","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png","title":"","role":""}],"timeRead":4,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}},{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"A fish hook layered over a digital triangle, bordered in glowing purple, filled in with glowing red. Blue binary code is in the background ","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blte141d6e0d272cce6/664d177bfde66321aabc6dce/Phishing(1800)_Andrea_Danti_Alamy.jpg"},"articleName":"Taiwanese Facebook Biz Pages Fall to Infostealer Phishing Campaign","mobileHeadline":"Taiwanese Facebook Biz Pages Fall to Infostealer Phishing Campaign","articleUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/facebook-businesses-targeted-infostealer-phishing-campaign","listPageUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/facebook-businesses-targeted-infostealer-phishing-campaign","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Oct 31, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Cyberattacks \u0026 Data Breaches","categoryUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches","variant":"small","contributors":[{"name":"Dark Reading Staff","link":"/author/dark-reading-staff","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg","title":"Dark Reading","role":"Dark Reading"}],"timeRead":1,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}}],"moreContent":{"title":"MORE DR GLOBAL NEWS","url":"/program/dr-global-articles"}},"rightColumnData":{"title":"Latest in Threat Intelligence","contents":[{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"Concept illustration of a content delivery network on a world map","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt09d4762ef3e9b960/674f7781d75db15bef05a614/cdn_ArtemisDiana_shutterstock.jpg"},"articleName":"Misconfigured WAFs Heighten DoS, Breach Risks","mobileHeadline":"Misconfigured WAFs Heighten DoS, Breach Risks","articleUrl":"/application-security/misconfigured-wafs-heighten-dos-breach-risks","listPageUrl":"/application-security/misconfigured-wafs-heighten-dos-breach-risks","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Dec 3, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Application Security","categoryUrl":"/application-security","variant":"contributor-focused","contributors":[{"name":"Jai Vijayan, Contributing Writer","link":"/author/jai-vijayan","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt1a674355ce57f27b/64f14f228727730c7f926217/Jai-Vijayan.jpeg","title":"","role":""}],"timeRead":4,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}},{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"PR Logo","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt850556f866500627/654a5a8e05eb4d040a046894/325351_DR23_Graphics_General_Large_Text_v1.png"},"articleName":"BigID Releases Data Activity Monitoring to Extend DDR, Detect Malicious Actors, and Strengthen Data Security Posture","mobileHeadline":"BigID Releases Data Activity Monitoring to Extend DDR, Detect Malicious Actors, and Strengthen Data Security Posture","articleUrl":"/threat-intelligence/bigid-releases-data-activity-monitoring-to-extend-ddr-detect-malicious-actors-and-strengthen-data-security-posture","listPageUrl":"/threat-intelligence/bigid-releases-data-activity-monitoring-to-extend-ddr-detect-malicious-actors-and-strengthen-data-security-posture","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Dec 3, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Threat Intelligence","categoryUrl":"/threat-intelligence","variant":"contributor-focused","contributors":[],"timeRead":2,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}},{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"Gold and black spider sitting on a web","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt50fc56d7793043ee/674edcb7ffe3c26cf1e5859a/spider_Photo_Spirit_shutterstock.png"},"articleName":"Venom Spider Spins Web of New Malware for MaaS Platform","mobileHeadline":"Venom Spider Spins Web of Malware for MaaS Platform","articleUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/venom-spider-malware-maas-platform","listPageUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches/venom-spider-malware-maas-platform","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Dec 3, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Cyberattacks \u0026 Data Breaches","categoryUrl":"/cyberattacks-data-breaches","variant":"contributor-focused","contributors":[{"name":"Elizabeth Montalbano, Contributing Writer","link":"/author/elizabeth-montalbano","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt3a8c7badad2ca168/64f15cd2b4c236805e4fddad/ElizabethMontalbano.jpg","title":"","role":""}],"timeRead":3,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}},{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"A circuit chip with an image of a bug on it","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt45b54a12eda326a7/674e33e43c757a7a8cabbd11/firmware_Alexander56891_shutterstock.jpg"},"articleName":"'Bootkitty' First Bootloader to Take Aim at Linux","mobileHeadline":"'Bootkitty' First Bootloader to Take Aim at Linux","articleUrl":"/cyber-risk/bootkitty-first-bootloader-target-linux-systems","listPageUrl":"/cyber-risk/bootkitty-first-bootloader-target-linux-systems","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Dec 2, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Cyber Risk","categoryUrl":"/cyber-risk","variant":"contributor-focused","contributors":[{"name":"Jai Vijayan, Contributing Writer","link":"/author/jai-vijayan","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt1a674355ce57f27b/64f14f228727730c7f926217/Jai-Vijayan.jpeg","title":"","role":""}],"timeRead":3,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}},{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"Interpol logo set on blue wall","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt937a7fb50a07c87e/664e397850435d2fbf1ced63/INTERPOL(1800)_Olena_Bartienieva_ALAMY.jpg"},"articleName":"Interpol Cyber-Fraud Action Nets More Than 5K Arrests","mobileHeadline":"Interpol Cyber-Fraud Action Nets More Than 5K Arrests","articleUrl":"/cybersecurity-operations/interpol-cyber-fraud-action-5k-arrests","listPageUrl":"/cybersecurity-operations/interpol-cyber-fraud-action-5k-arrests","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Dec 2, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Cybersecurity Operations","categoryUrl":"/cybersecurity-operations","variant":"contributor-focused","contributors":[{"name":"Dark Reading Staff","link":"/author/dark-reading-staff","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg","title":"Dark Reading","role":"Dark Reading"}],"timeRead":1,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}},{"type":"contentPreview","data":{"thumbnail":{"alt":"a person in a suit looking at a screen of indicators and icons showing threats and networks","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt67fdf013f7c9ef96/674e26a1a2308aa0156c5b50/incidentresponse-leowolfert-AdobeStock.jpg"},"articleName":"AWS Launches New Incident Response Service","mobileHeadline":"AWS Launches New Incident Response Service","articleUrl":"/threat-intelligence/aws-launches-new-incident-response-service","listPageUrl":"/threat-intelligence/aws-launches-new-incident-response-service","linkAttrs":{},"contentType":"Article","date":"Dec 2, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","categoryName":"Threat Intelligence","categoryUrl":"/threat-intelligence","variant":"contributor-focused","contributors":[{"name":"Dark Reading Staff","link":"/author/dark-reading-staff","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt99b391f0439c1434/64f179af7de67f4e4300e517/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.jpg","title":"Dark Reading","role":"Dark Reading"}],"timeRead":2,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]}}}],"moreContent":{"title":"LATEST IN THREAT INTELLIGENCE","url":"/threat-intelligence"}},"displayAds":{"position":"None"},"moduleLocation":"modular_program"},"adConfig":{"displayAdOption":"none","nativeAdOption":false}}],"sidebarModules":[],"sidebarModuleIds":[],"sidebarOptions":"none","programHeader":{"programName":"DR Global","logo":{"url":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltc8a6395802cafad0/654e0d60123f32040a075bab/Dark_Reading_Logo_Global_k.png"},"logoAltText":"Dark Reading Global Logo","tagline":"\u003cp\u003eBreaking cybersecurity news, news analysis, commentary, and other content from around the world, with an initial focus on the Middle East \u0026amp; Africa, and Asia Pacific.\u003c/p\u003e","backgroundColor":"","mode":"light","url":""},"isBranded":true,"isModular":true,"featuredContent":{"contentType":"Article","thumbnail":{"src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/bltcd7033679d67a2eb/67045c8d6702f105c5012a7f/Viacheslav_Lopatin-Turkey-Middle-East-shutterstock.jpg","alt":"Turkey and Middle East map"},"contributors":[{"name":"Robert Lemos, Contributing Writer","link":"/author/robert-lemos","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt6d90778a997de1cd/blt28d2c260c33375ea/64f14ff471df6264a382aaa0/Robert-Lemos.png","role":""}],"articleName":"Mideast, Turkey Cyber Threats Spike, Prompting Defense Changes","mobileHeadline":"Mideast, Turkey Cyber Threats Spike, Prompting Defense Changes","articleUrl":"/cyber-risk/mideast-turkey-cyber-threats-spike-defense-changes","linkAttrs":{},"listPageUrl":"","date":"Oct 8, 2024","webinarStartTime":"","articleSummary":"The vast majority of organizations in the region saw more attacks in the past year, but most don't feel prepared for future incidents.","articleBodyJsonSummary":"","variant":"normal","categoryName":"Cyber Risk","categoryUrl":"/cyber-risk","timeRead":4,"paidGating":{"paidContent":false,"paidProductTaxonomy":[]},"articleSize":"big"},"latestBigContents":[],"latestSmallContents":[],"content1":[],"content2":[],"content3":[],"socialShare":[{"type":"Linkedin","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://www.darkreading.com/program/dr-global"},{"type":"Facebook","url":"http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.darkreading.com/program/dr-global"},{"type":"Twitter","url":"http://www.twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.darkreading.com/program/dr-global"},{"type":"Reddit","url":"https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://www.darkreading.com/program/dr-global\u0026title=DR%20Global"},{"type":"Email","url":"mailto:?subject=DR Global\u0026body=I%20thought%20the%20following%20from%20Dark%20Reading%20might%20interest%20you.%0D%0A%0D%0A%20DR%20Global%0D%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.darkreading.com%2Fprogram%2Fdr-global"},{"type":"Print","url":"/"}],"newsletterSignUpPromo":{"title":"Keep up with the latest cybersecurity threats, newly discovered vulnerabilities, data breach information, and emerging trends. Delivered daily or weekly right to your email inbox.","message":"","newsletterId":"bltdcb90f81b445a744","buttonText":"Subscribe","variant":"vertical","mode":"dark"},"pagination":{"totalCount":1,"currentPage":1},"schema":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.darkreading.com"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"DR Global","item":"https://www.darkreading.com/program/dr-global"}]}],"seo":{"metaTitle":"Dark Reading Global","metaDescription":"Dark Reading Global","noIndex":false,"canonicalUrl":"https://www.darkreading.com/program/dr-global","imageUrl":"https://www.darkreading.com/build/_assets/darkreading-DSJITCUD.ico","siteName":"Dark Reading"},"entryTitle":"DR Global","iirisRecommendationConfig":{"id":"widget-1700562861264","division":"it","brandFamily":"cybersecurity","entityTagBackground":"#333333BF","dateFormat":"Month DD, YYYY","showBy":"","showTime":"","borderRadius":"5","imageWidth":"324","imageHeight":"182","dateTimeBgcolor":"#ffffff","dateTimeFontColor":"#767676","imagePosition":"vertical","dropShadow":"","dateTimeFontsize":"12","entityTagBorderColor":"#333333BF","borderColor":"#e6e6e6","showdate":"","redirectMode":"same","recipe":"similar-items"}}},"actionData":null,"errors":null}};</script><script type="module" async="">import "/build/manifest-A2F38A42.js"; import * as route0 from "/build/root-TPDAOOC5.js"; import * as route1 from "/build/routes/program.$slug-YSGWY6HN.js"; window.__remixRouteModules = {"root":route0,"routes/program.$slug":route1}; import("/build/entry.client-SFHSSSEN.js");</script><script async="" defer="" src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v3.2"></script><script async="" defer="" src="https://www.instagram.com/embed.js"></script><script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8ec719581b2f406d',t:'MTczMzI2NjA1My4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body></html>