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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sarawak–Pahang_relation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sarawak–Pahang relation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sarawak–Pahang_relation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sarawak–Johor_relation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sarawak–Johor_relation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sarawak–Johor relation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sarawak–Johor_relation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sarawak–Sukadana_alliance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sarawak–Sukadana_alliance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Sarawak–Sukadana alliance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sarawak–Sukadana_alliance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reunion_with_the_Bruneian_empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reunion_with_the_Bruneian_empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reunion with the Bruneian empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reunion_with_the_Bruneian_empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul 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href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesultanan_Sarawak" title="Kesultanan Sarawak – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kesultanan Sarawak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சரவாக் சுல்தானகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சரவாக் சுல்தானகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Саравак (султанат) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a former <a href="/wiki/Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate">Sultanate</a>. For the <a href="/wiki/British_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="British Protectorate">British protectorate</a> that succeeded the territory in the <a href="/wiki/White_Rajah" class="mw-redirect" title="White Rajah">White Rajah</a> era, see <a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Raj of Sarawak</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Sultanate of Sarawak</div><div class="ib-country-names"><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">كسلطانن ملايو سراوق دارالهنا</span>‎ (<a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi</a>)</small> <br /> <small><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Kesultanan Sarawak Darul Hana</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>)</span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1599–1641</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Kesultanan Sarawak"><img alt="Flag of Kesultanan Sarawak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/125px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/188px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/250px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> </div> <div>Flag</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:17th_century_Western_Borneo_5.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The polity of western Borneo, 17th century, with Sarawak in Red. The kingdoms that established close relationship with Sarawak are illustrated in colour, while other neighbouring kingdoms are represented in light brown."><img alt="The polity of western Borneo, 17th century, with Sarawak in Red. The kingdoms that established close relationship with Sarawak are illustrated in colour, while other neighbouring kingdoms are represented in light brown." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/17th_century_Western_Borneo_5.png/250px-17th_century_Western_Borneo_5.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/17th_century_Western_Borneo_5.png/375px-17th_century_Western_Borneo_5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/17th_century_Western_Borneo_5.png/500px-17th_century_Western_Borneo_5.png 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="523" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The polity of western Borneo, 17th century, with Sarawak in Red. The kingdoms that established close relationship with Sarawak are illustrated in colour, while other neighbouring kingdoms are represented in light brown.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Santubong_(federal_constituency)" title="Santubong (federal constituency)">Santubong</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Malay">Classical Malay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, local <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1599–1641 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Tengah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Tengah">Sultan Ibrahim Ali Omar Shah</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• The foundation of Sarawak </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1599</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Assassination of Sultan Tengah </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1641</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/20px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/30px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/40px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Bruneian Empire</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Bruneian Empire</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/20px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/30px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/40px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Malaysia" title="Category:History of Malaysia">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malaysia" title="History of Malaysia">History of <span class="fn org label">Malaysia</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnston_S.E._Peninsula_and_Malaysia_Map_National_Atlas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Johnston_S.E._Peninsula_and_Malaysia_Map_National_Atlas.jpg/205px-Johnston_S.E._Peninsula_and_Malaysia_Map_National_Atlas.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Johnston_S.E._Peninsula_and_Malaysia_Map_National_Atlas.jpg/308px-Johnston_S.E._Peninsula_and_Malaysia_Map_National_Atlas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Johnston_S.E._Peninsula_and_Malaysia_Map_National_Atlas.jpg/410px-Johnston_S.E._Peninsula_and_Malaysia_Map_National_Atlas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10281" data-file-height="8421" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.5em; padding-top:0.5em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Malaysia" title="Prehistoric Malaysia">Prehistoric period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span style="padding-left:1em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Lenggong" title="Lenggong">Lenggong Valley</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2,000,0000 BCE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span style="padding-left:1em;"> </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansuli_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansuli Valley (page does not exist)">Mansuli Valley</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">235,000 BCE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span style="padding-left:1em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Niah_National_Park" title="Niah National Park">Niah cultures</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 65,000–40,000 BCE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span style="padding-left:1em;"> </span>Bewah man/woman</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 16,000 BCE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span style="padding-left:1em;"> </span>Perak man/woman</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 11,000–200 BCE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span style="padding-left:1em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Klang_Bell" title="Klang Bell">Neolithic Klang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 500 – 200 BCE</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Early kingdoms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kedah" title="History of Kedah">Ancient Kedah</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <100 BCE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Chi_Tu" title="Chi Tu">Chi Tu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 100 BCE–642 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 100 BCE–1474 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Gangga_Negara" title="Gangga Negara">Gangga Negara</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 100 CE–1025</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pan_Pan_(kingdom)" title="Pan Pan (kingdom)">Pan Pan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 424–775</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kedah" title="History of Kedah">Old Kedah</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 170–1135</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Old_Pahang_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Pahang Kingdom">Old Pahang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 449–1454</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 700s–1025</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1300s</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Rise of Muslim states</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kedah_Sultanate" title="Kedah Sultanate">Kedah Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1136–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Samudera_Pasai_Sultanate" title="Samudera Pasai Sultanate">Samudera Pasai Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1267–1521</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Brunei Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1368–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1402–1511</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1450–1899</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Sultanate" title="Pahang Sultanate">Pahang Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1470–1623</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate">Aceh Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1496–1903</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pattani_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattani Kingdom">Pattani Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1516– 1902</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1528–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarawak Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1599–1641</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Selangor" title="Sultan of Selangor">Selangor Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1766–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Besut_Darul_Iman" title="Kingdom of Besut Darul Iman">Besut Kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1780–1899</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Setul_Mambang_Segara" title="Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara">Setul Kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1808–1916</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Reman" title="Kingdom of Reman">Reman Kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1810–1902</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kubang_Pasu_Darul_Qiyam" title="Kingdom of Kubang Pasu Darul Qiyam">Kubang Pasu Kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1839–1864</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Colonial period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1511–1641</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Portuguese_War" title="Dutch–Portuguese War">Dutch–Portuguese War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1601–1661</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Dutch Malacca</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1641–1824</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Kingdom" title="Pahang Kingdom">Pahang Kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1770–1881</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1786–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Siamese_invasion_of_Kedah" title="Siamese invasion of Kedah">Siamese invasion of Kedah</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1821–1826</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1824" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824">Anglo-Dutch Treaty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1824</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Burney_Treaty" title="Burney Treaty">Burney Treaty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1826</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Naning_War" title="Naning War">Naning War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1831–1832</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Kingdom of Sarawak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1841–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Jamalullail_(Perlis)" title="House of Jamalullail (Perlis)">Separation of Perlis from Kedah</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1843</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan" title="Crown Colony of Labuan">Crown Colony of Labuan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1848–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Civil_War" title="Pahang Civil War">Pahang Civil War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1857–1863</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Larut_Wars" title="Larut Wars">Larut Wars</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1861–1874</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Klang_War" title="Klang War">Klang War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1867–1874</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pangkor_Treaty_of_1874" title="Pangkor Treaty of 1874">Pangkor Treaty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1874</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perak_War" title="Perak War">Perak War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1875–1876</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a> / <a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">Borneo</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1874–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jementah_Civil_War" title="Jementah Civil War">Jementah Civil War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1879</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1882–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Uprising" title="Pahang Uprising">Pahang Uprising</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1891–1895</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mat_Salleh_Rebellion" title="Mat Salleh Rebellion">Mat Salleh Rebellion</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1894–1905</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1895–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Siamese_Treaty_of_1909" title="Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909">Anglo-Siamese Treaty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1909</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated Malay States</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1909–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Penang" title="Battle of Penang">Battle of Penang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1914</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kelantan_rebellion" title="Kelantan rebellion">Kelantan rebellion</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1915</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">World War II</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese occupation of Malaya</a> / <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Borneo</a></div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <br />1941–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1941–1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Bornean Campaign</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1941–1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muar" title="Battle of Muar">Battle of Muar</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Parit_Sulong_Massacre" title="Parit Sulong Massacre">Parit Sulong Massacre</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Singapore">Battle of Singapore</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Syburi" title="Syburi">Syburi</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sandakan_Death_Marches" title="Sandakan Death Marches">Sandakan Death Marches</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1942–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Si_Rat_Malai" title="Si Rat Malai">Si Rat Malai</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1943–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jesselton_revolt" title="Jesselton revolt">Jesselton revolt</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1943–1944</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Formative period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/British_Military_Administration_(Malaya)" title="British Military Administration (Malaya)">BMA of Malaya</a>/<a href="/wiki/British_Military_Administration_(Borneo)" title="British Military Administration (Borneo)">Borneo</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1945–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">Crown Colony of N. Borneo</a>/<a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Sarawak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1946–1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Anti-cession_movement_of_Sarawak" title="Anti-cession movement of Sarawak">Anti-cession movement</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1946–1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1946–1948</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1948–1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1948–1960</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Baling_Talks" title="Baling Talks">Baling Talks</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1955</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Independence period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Malayan Declaration of Independence">Malayan Independence</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1957</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Self-governance_of_Singapore" title="Self-governance of Singapore">Singapore self-governance</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1959</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Act_1960" title="Internal Security Act 1960">ISA 1960</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1960–2012</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Sarawak Insurgency</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1962–1990</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_Self-government_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="North Borneo Self-government Day">North Borneo self-governance</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Konfrontasi</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1963–1966</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Independence_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarawak Independence Day">Sarawak self-governance</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Day" title="Malaysia Day">Formation of Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia" title="Singapore in Malaysia">Singapore in Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1963–1965</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Second communist insurgency</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1968–1989</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Modern period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/13_May_incident" title="13 May incident">13 May incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1969</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/National_Operations_Council" title="National Operations Council">National Operations Council</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1969–1971</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rukun_Negara" title="Rukun Negara">Declaration of Rukun Negara</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1970</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_New_Economic_Policy" title="Malaysian New Economic Policy">New Economic Policy</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1971–1990</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Territories of Malaysia">Federal Territory of KL</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1974</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1977_Kelantan_Emergency" title="1977 Kelantan Emergency">1977 Kelantan Emergency</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1977</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pedra_Branca_dispute" title="Pedra Branca dispute">Pedra Branca dispute</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1979–2008</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea" title="Territorial disputes in the South China Sea">South China Sea dispute</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Spratly_Islands_dispute" title="Spratly Islands dispute">Spratly</a>)</small></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1980–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dawn_Raid_(Malaysia)" title="Dawn Raid (Malaysia)">Dawn Raid</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1981</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Federal Territory of Labuan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1984</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Memali_Incident" title="Memali Incident">Memali incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1985</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Lalang" title="Operation Lalang">Operation Lalang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1987</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1988_Malaysian_constitutional_crisis" title="1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis">Constitutional crisis</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1987–1988</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Peace_Agreement_of_Hat_Yai_(1989)" title="Peace Agreement of Hat Yai (1989)">Peace Agreement of Hat Yai</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1989</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1993_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="1993 amendments to the Constitution of Malaysia">Royal Immunity Amendments</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1993</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis#Malaysia" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">Asian financial crisis</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1997–1998</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Reformasi_(Malaysia)" title="Reformasi (Malaysia)">Reformasi Movement</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1998–2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="2009 swine flu pandemic in Malaysia">H1N1 flu pandemic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2009–2010</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2014_Malaysian_sedition_dragnet" title="2014 Malaysian sedition dragnet">Sedition Dragnet</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2014</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal">1MDB scandal</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2015–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">Pakatan Harapan takeover</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">COVID-19 pandemic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2020–2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Malaysian_political_crisis" title="2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis">Political crisis</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2020–2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2021_amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="2021 amendment to the Constitution of Malaysia">Bornean Amendment</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2021–2023</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Green_Wave_(Malaysia)" title="Green Wave (Malaysia)">Green Wave</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2022–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Incidents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Brunei_revolt" title="Brunei revolt">Brunei revolt</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1962–1966</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">North Borneo dispute</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cross_border_attacks_in_Sabah" title="Cross border attacks in Sabah">Philippine militant attacks</a>)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1962–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1964_race_riots_in_Singapore" title="1964 race riots in Singapore">Singapore race riots</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1964</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Limbang_District" title="Limbang District">Brunei's Limbang claim</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1967–2009</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1967_Penang_Hartal_riot" title="1967 Penang Hartal riot">Penang Hartal riot</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/13_May_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="13 May Incident">13 May Incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1969</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ligitan_and_Sipadan_dispute" title="Ligitan and Sipadan dispute">Ligitan and Sipadan dispute</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1969–2002</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1971_Kuala_Lumpur_floods" title="1971 Kuala Lumpur floods">Kuala Lumpur flash floods</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1971</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_haze" title="Southeast Asian haze">Malaysian haze crisis</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1972–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1975_AIA_building_hostage_crisis" title="1975 AIA building hostage crisis">AIA building hostage crisis</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1975</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/National_Monument_(Malaysia)" title="National Monument (Malaysia)">National Monument bombing</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1975</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Shopping_Complex_fire" title="Campbell Shopping Complex fire">Campbell Shopping Complex fire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1976</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1976_Sabah_Air_GAF_Nomad_crash" title="1976 Sabah Air GAF Nomad crash">Sabah Air GAF Nomad crash</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1976</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Lines_Flight_715" title="Japan Air Lines Flight 715">Japan Airlines Flight 715 incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1977</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Airline_System_Flight_653" title="Malaysian Airline System Flight 653">MH653 incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1977</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1985_Lahad_Datu_ambush" title="1985 Lahad Datu ambush">1985 Lahad Datu ambush</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1985</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Memali_Incident" title="Memali Incident">Memali Incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1985</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1986_Sabah_riots" title="1986 Sabah riots">Sabah Emergency</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1986</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1987_Ming_Court_Affair" title="1987 Ming Court Affair">Ming Court Affair</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1987</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abdul_Halim_ferry_terminal_bridge_collapse" title="Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal bridge collapse">Penang terminal bridge collapse</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1988</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1989_Taufiqiah_Al-Khairiah_madrasa_fire" title="1989 Taufiqiah Al-Khairiah madrasa fire">Taufiqiah Al-Khairiah madrasa fire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1989</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bright_Sparklers_Fireworks_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Bright Sparklers Fireworks disaster">Bright Sparklers disaster</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1991</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Highland_Towers_collapse" title="Highland Towers collapse">Highland Towers collapse</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1993</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Genting_Sempah%E2%80%93Genting_Highlands_Highway" title="Genting Sempah–Genting Highlands Highway">Genting landslide</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1995</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_2133" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 2133">MH2133 incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1995</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1996_Pos_Dipang_mudflow" title="1996 Pos Dipang mudflow">Pos Dipang mudflow</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1996</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Depression_Greg_(1996)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical Depression Greg (1996)">Tropical Storm Greg</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1996</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1998%E2%80%931999_Malaysia_Nipah_virus_outbreak" title="1998–1999 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak">1998–1999 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1998–1999</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2000_Sipadan_kidnappings" title="2000 Sipadan kidnappings">2000 Sipadan kidnappings</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2000</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27unah" title="Al-Ma'unah">Al-Ma'unah incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2000</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sauk_Siege" title="Sauk Siege">Sauk Siege</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2000</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2001_Kampung_Medan_riots" title="2001 Kampung Medan riots">2001 Kampung Medan riots</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2001</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2002_Taman_Hillview_landslide" title="2002 Taman Hillview landslide">2002 Taman Hillview landslide</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2002</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Effect_of_the_2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_on_Malaysia" title="Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Malaysia">Indian Ocean tsunami</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2004</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%932007_Southeast_Asian_floods" title="2006–2007 Southeast Asian floods">2006–2007 Southeast Asian floods</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2006–2007</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2007_Bukit_Gantang_bus_crash" title="2007 Bukit Gantang bus crash">Bukit Gantang bus crash</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2007</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2008_Bukit_Antarabangsa_landslide" title="2008 Bukit Antarabangsa landslide">Bukit Antarabangsa landslide</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2008</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="2009 swine flu pandemic in Malaysia">2009 swine flu pandemic in Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2009</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2010_attacks_against_places_of_worship_in_Malaysia" title="2010 attacks against places of worship in Malaysia">Attacks against places of worship</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2010</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2010_Cameron_Highlands_bus_crash" title="2010 Cameron Highlands bus crash">Cameron Highlands bus crash</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2010</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2011_Hulu_Langat_landslide" title="2011 Hulu Langat landslide">Hulu Langat landslide</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2011</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2013_Genting_Highlands_bus_crash" title="2013 Genting Highlands bus crash">Genting Highlands bus crash</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2013</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 370">MH370 incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2014</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">MH17 incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2014</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Malaysia_floods" class="mw-redirect" title="2014–15 Malaysia floods">2014–15 Malaysia floods</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2014–2015</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2015_Sabah_earthquake" title="2015 Sabah earthquake">Sabah earthquake</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2015</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2015_Plaza_Low_Yat_riot" title="2015 Plaza Low Yat riot">2015 Plaza Low Yat riot</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2015</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2016_Movida_Bar_grenade_attack" title="2016 Movida Bar grenade attack">Movida Bar grenade attack</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2016</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Kim_Jong-nam" title="Assassination of Kim Jong-nam">Kim Jong-nam's Assassination</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2017_Darul_Quran_Ittifaqiyah_madrasa_fire" title="2017 Darul Quran Ittifaqiyah madrasa fire">Darul Quran madrasa fire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Maha_Mariamman_Temple_riot" title="Sri Maha Mariamman Temple riot">2018 Subang Temple riot</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Malaysian_floods" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–21 Malaysian floods">2020-21 Malaysia floods</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2021</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2021_Kelana_Jaya_LRT_collision" title="2021 Kelana Jaya LRT collision">LRT train collision</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2021</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Malaysian_floods" title="2021–2022 Malaysian floods">2021-22 Malaysia floods</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2021–2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2022_Batang_Kali_landslide" title="2022 Batang Kali landslide">2022 Batang Kali landslide</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2023_Elmina_plane_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Elmina plane crash">2023 Elmina plane crash</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2023</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2024_Lumut_mid-air_collision" title="2024 Lumut mid-air collision">2024 Lumut helicopters crash</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2024</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2024_Ulu_Tiram_police_station_attack" title="2024 Ulu Tiram police station attack">2024 Ulu Tiram police station attack</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2024</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By topic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunications_in_Malaysia" title="History of telecommunications in Malaysia">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Malaysian_Constitution" title="History of the Malaysian Constitution">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Malaysia" title="Economic history of Malaysia">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Malaysia#History" title="Immigration to Malaysia">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_legal_history" title="Malaysian legal history">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Malaysia" title="Military history of Malaysia">Military</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kedah" title="History of Kedah">Kedah</a></li> <li><a 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a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Malaysia" title="Template:History of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:History of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Sultanate of Sarawak</b> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <span lang="ms"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">كسلطانن ملايو سراوق دارالهنا</span>‎</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Malay-language romanization"><i lang="ms-Latn">Kesultanan Sarawak</i></span>) was a <a href="/wiki/Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay people">Malay kingdom</a>, located in present-day <a href="/wiki/Kuching_Division" title="Kuching Division">Kuching Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>. The kingdom was founded in 1599,<sup id="cite_ref-Larsen_2012_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen_2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the conquest of the preceding <a href="/wiki/Santubong,_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Santubong, Sarawak">Santubong</a> Kingdom and the later <a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Sultanate_(1368%E2%80%931888)" title="Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)">Sultanate of Brunei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The kingdom saw the reign of a sole sultan, <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Tengah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Tengah">Sultan Tengah, Prince of Brunei</a>, known as Ibrahim Ali Omar Shah Ibni Sultan Muhammad Hassan of Sarawak.<sup id="cite_ref-Porritt_2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porritt_2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state established a close relationship with <a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Brunei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor</a>. It forged dynastic rules with the surrounding Malay kingdoms in western Borneo including the sultanates of <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sambas" title="Sultanate of Sambas">Sambas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sukadana" title="Sukadana">Sukadana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanjungpura_Kingdom" title="Tanjungpura Kingdom">Tanjungpura-Matan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruneidesi_2017_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruneidesi_2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sultanate was dissolved following Sultan Tengah's assassination in 1641, after 42 years of rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Ritchie_2023_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritchie_2023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The administration of the territory was then replaced by the local Malay governors appointed from Brunei, <a href="/wiki/Political_union" title="Political union">reunifying</a> the area into the Bruneian empire. </p><p>The historical significance of the Sarawak Sultanate, alongside neighboring Malay kingdoms such as Santubong (near Kuching), Sadong (near <a href="/wiki/Samarahan_Division" title="Samarahan Division">Samarahan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Saribas" title="Saribas">Saribas</a>, Kalaka (both in <a href="/wiki/Betong_Division" title="Betong Division">Betong</a> Division), Lingga and Banting (both in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Aman_Division" title="Sri Aman Division">Sri Aman</a>) collectively shaped the pre-Brooke <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sarawak" title="History of Sarawak">Sarawakian history</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Sarawak&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sultan Tengah named his Sultanate as <i>Sarawak Darul Hana</i> meaning "place of peace and tranquility".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Sarawak&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Sarawak&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Founding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <i>Salahsilah Raja-Raja Brunei</i> (Bruneian Royal Annals), the state was established following the demise of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hasan_of_Brunei" title="Muhammad Hasan of Brunei">Muhammad Hasan of Brunei</a> who ruled between 1582 and 1598. The death of the Sultan saw the <a href="/wiki/Enthronement" title="Enthronement">enthronement</a> of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Jalilul_Akbar" title="Abdul Jalilul Akbar">Abdul Jalilul Akbar</a>, the eldest prince of Muhammad Hasan as the Sultan of Brunei. However, the crowning of Abdul Jalil Akbar was objected by <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Tengah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Tengah">Pengiran Muda Tengah</a>, claiming that the status of Abdul Jalilul was invalid as the elder prince was born before their father become the sultan, in contrast to the Pengiran who was born after his father's ascension to the throne, hence he believed that he had the superior right to inherit the kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-Danielle_Sendou_Ringgit_2016_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danielle_Sendou_Ringgit_2016-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Already anticipating this dispute, the newly crowned Sultan of Brunei appointed the Pengiran Muda Tengah as the Sultan of <a href="/wiki/Kuching_Division" title="Kuching Division">Sarawak</a>, a frontier territory far from the administrative centre of the Bruneian empire.<sup id="cite_ref-Sarawak_State_Secretary_Office_2016_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarawak_State_Secretary_Office_2016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gregory_2015_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregory_2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sultan Tengah was accompanied by more than 1,000 soldiers from the Sakai, <a href="/wiki/Kedayan" title="Kedayan">Kedayan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kilanas,_Brunei-Muara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilanas, Brunei-Muara">Bunut</a> tribes, all of whom are natives of Borneo, to Sarawak. A coterie of Bruneian nobility also followed him there.<sup id="cite_ref-Sarawak_State_Secretary_Office_2016_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarawak_State_Secretary_Office_2016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gregory_2015_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregory_2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sultan Tengah constructed a <a href="/wiki/Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort">fortified</a> palace in <a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Sungai Bedil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santubong_(federal_constituency)" title="Santubong (federal constituency)">Santubong</a> in 1599,<sup id="cite_ref-Ritchie_2023_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritchie_2023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> turning the area into the royal, judicial and administrate capital of the kingdom. He began to appoint his deputies and delegates, incorporating the position of Datu Seri Setia, Datu Shahbandar Indera Wangsa, Datu Amar Setia Diraja and Datuk Temenggong Laila Wangsa into the governance system. He was proclaimed sultan after completing the administration system of the new kingdom, bearing the <a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">regnal name</a> Sultan Ibrahim Ali Omar Shah. According to the Sambas Royal records, Sultan Tengah Manga was known as Sultan Abdul Jalil.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaffah_2017_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaffah_2017-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sarawak–Sambas_union"><span id="Sarawak.E2.80.93Sambas_union"></span>Sarawak–Sambas union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Sarawak&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sarawak–Sambas union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sambas_Sultanate_mosque,_Indonesia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sambas_Sultanate_mosque%2C_Indonesia.jpg/220px-Sambas_Sultanate_mosque%2C_Indonesia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sambas_Sultanate_mosque%2C_Indonesia.jpg/330px-Sambas_Sultanate_mosque%2C_Indonesia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sambas_Sultanate_mosque%2C_Indonesia.jpg/440px-Sambas_Sultanate_mosque%2C_Indonesia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1057" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Jama_Masjid" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama Masjid">Jamek Mosque</a> of Sambas Sultanate. The arrival of Sultan Tengah in Sambas converted the ancient Hindu kingdom into a Malay Muslim Sultanate. The current ruling house of Sambas traced their lineage from the Sarawakian Sultan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Located further up of the Sambas River, The Sultan's arrival in Kota Lama was greatly celebrated by the Ratu Sapundak, the King of Kota Lama who welcomed the Sultan as the royal <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/guest_of_honour" class="extiw" title="wikt:guest of honour">guest of honour</a>. The King allowed Sultan Tengah to perform his missionary activities with the local populace, despite himself being a Hindu ruler of <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> descent. The long stay in Sambas also saw the marriage of Sultan Tengah's prince, Radin Sulaiman to Puteri Mas Ayu Bongsu, the princess of Ratu Sapundak. The royal pair had a son named Radin Bima, who would later become the second Sultan of Sambas.<sup id="cite_ref-Gregory_2015_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregory_2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Larsen_2012_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen_2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the death of Ratu Sapundak, the throne of Sambas was succeeded by Pengiran Prabu Kenchana who appointed Radin Sulaiman as one of his advisers. Historical records noted that Ratu Sapundak had desired to appoint Sultan Tengah as his successor due to his expertise in governance and administration, although his request was highly objected by the members of the Sambas aristocracy due to their religious differences, with the members of the Sambas nobility being predominantly Hindu. However, this would change in 1631, when Radin Sulaiman rose to the crown of Sambas, with the regnal name of Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku Muhammad Safiuddin I, the first Muslim ruler of the Sambas Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaffah_2017_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaffah_2017-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sarawak–Matan_union"><span id="Sarawak.E2.80.93Matan_union"></span>Sarawak–Matan union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Sarawak&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sarawak–Matan union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1630, the Sultan had departed to <a href="/wiki/Tanjungpura_Kingdom" title="Tanjungpura Kingdom">Matan</a>. There, he married a local princess that gave birth to a son, Pengiran Mangku Negara, who later became the Sultan of Matan. A few years later, he decided to return to Sarawak.<sup id="cite_ref-Gregory_2015_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregory_2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_ties">Diplomatic ties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Sarawak&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diplomatic ties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sarawak–Pahang_relation"><span id="Sarawak.E2.80.93Pahang_relation"></span>Sarawak–Pahang relation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Sarawak&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sarawak–Pahang relation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sometime in the early 17th century, Sultan Tengah was on a trip to Pahang, (then an autonomous-kingdom in Johor) to visit his aunt, the Raja Bonda (Queen Creek of Pahang). Before he left, he elected four Datuks (nobleman) to administer his kingdom. His aunt was married to the sultan, <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghafur_Muhiuddin_Shah_of_Pahang" title="Abdul Ghafur Muhiuddin Shah of Pahang">Abdul Ghafur Muhiuddin Shah</a>. While in Johor, he was invited to perform in a courtly dance. During the performance one of the dancers almost hit the face of Sultan Tengah with a handkerchief by accident. The furious Sultan Tengah then slapped the dancer. The Sultan of Pahang was disappointed and ordered the Sarawakian royal entourage to immediately leave his kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-Gregory_2015_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregory_2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sarawak–Johor_relation"><span id="Sarawak.E2.80.93Johor_relation"></span>Sarawak–Johor relation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Sarawak&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sarawak–Johor relation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Based on the narration of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sambas" title="Sultanate of Sambas">Sultanate of Sambas</a>, Sultan Tengah was ordered to leave Johor because of his refusal to marry Princess Cik Zohra upon the request of his aunt, The Queen Consort of Pahang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sarawak–Sukadana_alliance"><span id="Sarawak.E2.80.93Sukadana_alliance"></span>Sarawak–Sukadana alliance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Sarawak&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sarawak–Sukadana alliance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The royal entourage was hit by a major storm during their return voyage to <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>. The vessel was blow off course and arrived on the shores of the <a href="/wiki/Sukadana" title="Sukadana">Sukadana Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaffah_2017_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaffah_2017-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The polity of Sukadana was ruled by a <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> king, Penambahan Giri Mustika, he was later known as Sultan Muhammad Saifuddin after his conversion to Islam by Sheikh Shamsuddin, a missionary from <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>. It was also during his time in Sukadana that Sultan Tengah began his religious studies under the guidance of Sheikh Shamsuddin.<sup id="cite_ref-Gregory_2015_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregory_2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Larsen_2012_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen_2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sultan later married Princess Puteri Surya Kesuma, sister of the reigning monarch. He also briefly settled in Sukadana and requested permission to carry out missionary activities on the local populace. His request was granted and he was given land around the Sambas River to perform his duties. By 1600, he departed Sukadana to Sambas together with an entourage of 40 vessels consisting of armed men. </p><p>The royal entourage arrived and built a settlement around Kuala Bangun, near the <a href="/wiki/Sambas_Regency" title="Sambas Regency">Sambas river</a>. It was during this time in Sambas that the Puteri gave birth to a son, Radin Sulaiman. She later gave birth to: Pengiran Badaruddin (would later become Pengiran Bendahara Seri Maharaja) and Pengiran Abdul Wahab (Pengiran Temenggong Jaya Kesuma). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reunion_with_the_Bruneian_empire">Reunion with the Bruneian empire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Sarawak&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reunion with the Bruneian empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After staying a few years in Matan, the Sultan decided to return to Sarawak. In 1641, he and his party settled in Batu Buaya, Santubong while en route to Sarawak.<sup id="cite_ref-Tunku_Hilda_2015_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tunku_Hilda_2015-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was during his time in Batu Buaya that he was assassinated by one of his escorts.<sup id="cite_ref-Danielle_Sendou_Ringgit_2016_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danielle_Sendou_Ringgit_2016-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tomi_2014_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tomi_2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the news of the death of the Sultan arrived in Sarawak, Datu Patinggi, Datu Shahbandar, Datu Amar and Datu Temenggong departed to Santubong to complete the funeral rites of the Sultan based on Bruneian royal customs. The queen consort, Ratu Surya Kesuma returned to the Kingdom of Sukananda after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-Tomi_2014_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tomi_2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to official history, no new sultan was appointed after the death of Sultan Tengah. Instead, Sarawak was governed under the Sultan of Brunei, with the help of four <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">semi-autonomous</a> Datus.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsen_2012_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen_2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was 300 years later in 1826, when Sultan Omar Ali of Brunei decided to establish a direct rule on Sarawak (Kuching region) by sending his nephew Pengiran Indera Mahkota there.<sup id="cite_ref-Ritchie_2023_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritchie_2023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Sarawak&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mausoleum_of_Sultan_Tengah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mausoleum_of_Sultan_Tengah.jpg/220px-Mausoleum_of_Sultan_Tengah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mausoleum_of_Sultan_Tengah.jpg/330px-Mausoleum_of_Sultan_Tengah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mausoleum_of_Sultan_Tengah.jpg/440px-Mausoleum_of_Sultan_Tengah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Mausoleum of Sultan Ibrahim Ali Omar Shah (Sultan Tengah) in Santubong, Sarawak.</figcaption></figure> <p>The final resting place of the Sultan was discovered in 1993, in Kampong Batu Buaya.<sup id="cite_ref-Arkib_Negara_Malaysia_2016_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arkib_Negara_Malaysia_2016-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sygic_2017_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sygic_2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">royal mausoleum</a> was constructed in May 1995 following the rediscovery of the tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsen_2012_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen_2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monument was visited by <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Hassanal Bolkiah</a>, the Sultan of Brunei during his state visit to Sarawak in 2007. </p><p>Sultan Tengah reign has changed the sociopolitical framework of the western coast of Borneo. His capital at Sungai Bedil later became <a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Raj of Sarawak</a>. He also had incorporated the position of Datu Patinggi, Shahbandar Datu, Datu Amar and Datu Temenggong into the Sarawak administration system as can be seen today. While his missionary activities transformed the native Hindu society into a Malay Muslim community in coastal Borneo, his political marriage and alliances established new dynastic houses to the kingdoms of Sambas and Matan.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruneidesi_2017_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruneidesi_2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, some Kuching and the Sambas Malay community can trace their origin from those that followed Sultan Tengah to Sarawak.<sup id="cite_ref-Gregory_2015_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregory_2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Darul Hana Mosque, was completed in 2016, as part of the Darul Hana township project located in <a href="/wiki/Petra_Jaya" title="Petra Jaya">Petra Jaya</a>, Sarawak.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, a bridge named "Darul Hana" was built across the Sarawak River, connecting <a href="/wiki/The_Astana,_Sarawak" title="The Astana, Sarawak">The Astana</a> to the Kuching waterfront.<sup id="cite_ref-Ritchie_2023_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritchie_2023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, Sultan Tengah musical charity was staged in <i>Stadium Perpaduan</i> (Unity stadium) in Petra Jaya which attracted 5,000 visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, Sarawak <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Islamic_Party" title="Malaysian Islamic Party">Malaysian Islamic Party</a> (PAS) attempted to use <i>Darul Hana</i> to describe the state of Sarawak as part of the heritage for Sarawak Malays, arguing that the legacy of Sultan Tengah is continued through the Malay chiefs appointed by the Brooke government and later <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Crown Colony of Sarawak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chief minister of Sarawak, <a href="/wiki/Abang_Johari_Openg" class="mw-redirect" title="Abang Johari Openg">Abang Johari Openg</a> later clarified that the state government had no intention to change the name from <i>Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang</i> (Sarawak Land of the Hornbills) to <i>Sarawak Darul Hana</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Sarawak&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Larsen_2012-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Larsen_2012_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larsen_2012_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larsen_2012_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larsen_2012_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larsen_2012_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2012">Larsen 2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSahariMcLaughlin" class="citation web cs1">Sahari, Suriani; McLaughlin, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/37314768">"History of the people from the Sarawak River Valley"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+people+from+the+Sarawak+River+Valley&rft.aulast=Sahari&rft.aufirst=Suriani&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F37314768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASultanate+of+Sarawak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Porritt_2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Porritt_2012_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPorritt2012">Porritt 2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bruneidesi_2017-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bruneidesi_2017_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruneidesi_2017_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBruneidesi2017">Bruneidesi 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ritchie_2023-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ritchie_2023_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ritchie_2023_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ritchie_2023_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ritchie_2023_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitchie2023" class="citation news cs1">Ritchie, James (11 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230810234931/https://www.newsarawaktribune.com.my/darul-hana-making-a-great-sarawak-empire-2/">"Darul Hana making a great Sarawak Empire"</a>. New Sarawak Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsarawaktribune.com.my/darul-hana-making-a-great-sarawak-empire-2/">the original</a> on 10 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Darul+Hana+making+a+great+Sarawak+Empire&rft.date=2023-08-11&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsarawaktribune.com.my%2Fdarul-hana-making-a-great-sarawak-empire-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASultanate+of+Sarawak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaid2012" class="citation journal cs1">Said, Sanib (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://myjurnal.mohe.gov.my/filebank/published_article/25245/Article__2.PDF">"Sejarah Awal Kepulauan Melayu: Lima Buah Negeri Warisan Sarawak yang Hilang (The Heritage if the Early History of Sarawak: The Five Lost Kingdom)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Current Research in Malaysia</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 21–50<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Research+in+Malaysia&rft.atitle=Sejarah+Awal+Kepulauan+Melayu%3A+Lima+Buah+Negeri+Warisan+Sarawak+yang+Hilang+%28The+Heritage+if+the+Early+History+of+Sarawak%3A+The+Five+Lost+Kingdom%29&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=21-50&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Said&rft.aufirst=Sanib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmyjurnal.mohe.gov.my%2Ffilebank%2Fpublished_article%2F25245%2FArticle__2.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASultanate+of+Sarawak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Sejarah kewujudan pentadbiran dua kerajaan dikaji <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2016/01/16/sejarah-kewujudan-pentadbiran-dua-kerajaan-dikaji">https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2016/01/16/sejarah-kewujudan-pentadbiran-dua-kerajaan-dikaji</a>]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohd2017" class="citation news cs1">Mohd, Roji Kawi (14 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624084412/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2017/11/302942/opening-rm35m-darul-hana-bridge-over-sungai-sarawak">"Opening of RM35m Darul Hana Bridge over Sungai Sarawak"</a>. New Straits Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2017/11/302942/opening-rm35m-darul-hana-bridge-over-sungai-sarawak">the original</a> on 24 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Opening+of+RM35m+Darul+Hana+Bridge+over+Sungai+Sarawak&rft.date=2017-11-14&rft.aulast=Mohd&rft.aufirst=Roji+Kawi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2017%2F11%2F302942%2Fopening-rm35m-darul-hana-bridge-over-sungai-sarawak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASultanate+of+Sarawak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Danielle_Sendou_Ringgit_2016-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Danielle_Sendou_Ringgit_2016_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danielle_Sendou_Ringgit_2016_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDanielle_Sendou_Ringgit2016">Danielle Sendou Ringgit 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sarawak_State_Secretary_Office_2016-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sarawak_State_Secretary_Office_2016_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sarawak_State_Secretary_Office_2016_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSarawak_State_Secretary_Office2016">Sarawak State Secretary Office 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gregory_2015-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gregory_2015_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gregory_2015_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gregory_2015_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gregory_2015_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gregory_2015_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gregory_2015_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gregory_2015_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGregory2015">Gregory 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaffah_2017-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kaffah_2017_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaffah_2017_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaffah_2017_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaffah2017">Kaffah 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tunku_Hilda_2015-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tunku_Hilda_2015_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTunku_Hilda2015">Tunku Hilda 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tomi_2014-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tomi_2014_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tomi_2014_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomi2014">Tomi 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arkib_Negara_Malaysia_2016-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arkib_Negara_Malaysia_2016_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArkib_Negara_Malaysia2016">Arkib Negara Malaysia 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sygic_2017-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sygic_2017_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSygic2017">Sygic 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612001437/https://www.theborneopost.com/2015/11/16/darul-hana-mosque-to-be-completed-by-february-next-year/">"Darul Hana Mosque to be completed by next year"</a>. The Borneo Post. 16 November 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theborneopost.com/2015/11/16/darul-hana-mosque-to-be-completed-by-february-next-year/">the original</a> on 12 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Utusan Borneo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2018/09/25/pementasan-amal-teater-muzikal-sultan-tengah-dapat-sambutan">the original</a> on 29 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Free Malaysia Today. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2020/12/13/pas-creates-furore-by-using-darul-hana-for-sarawak/">the original</a> on 13 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PAS+creates+furore+by+using+%E2%80%98Darul+Hana%E2%80%99+for+Sarawak&rft.date=2020-12-13&rft.aulast=Pei+Pei&rft.aufirst=Goh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freemalaysiatoday.com%2Fcategory%2Fnation%2F2020%2F12%2F13%2Fpas-creates-furore-by-using-darul-hana-for-sarawak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASultanate+of+Sarawak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231126112603/https://harakahdaily.net/index.php/2020/12/10/sarawak-darul-hana-hentikan-manipulasi/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Sarawak Darul Hana': Hentikan manipulasi! ('Sarawak Darul Hana': Stop the manipulation!)"</a>. Harakah Daily. 10 December 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harakahdaily.net/index.php/2020/12/10/sarawak-darul-hana-hentikan-manipulasi/">the original</a> on 26 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E2%80%98Sarawak+Darul+Hana%E2%80%99%3A+Hentikan+manipulasi%21+%28%27Sarawak+Darul+Hana%27%3A+Stop+the+manipulation%21%29&rft.date=2020-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fharakahdaily.net%2Findex.php%2F2020%2F12%2F10%2Fsarawak-darul-hana-hentikan-manipulasi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASultanate+of+Sarawak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218013118/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/12/14/abang-jo-denies-changing-states-name-to-sarawak-darul-hana-places-blame-on/1931822">"Abang Jo denies changing state's name to 'Sarawak Darul Hana', places blame on PAS"</a>. The Malay Mail. 14 December 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/12/14/abang-jo-denies-changing-states-name-to-sarawak-darul-hana-places-blame-on/1931822">the original</a> on 18 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Abang+Jo+denies+changing+state%27s+name+to+%E2%80%98Sarawak+Darul+Hana%E2%80%99%2C+places+blame+on+PAS&rft.date=2020-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fnews%2Fmalaysia%2F2020%2F12%2F14%2Fabang-jo-denies-changing-states-name-to-sarawak-darul-hana-places-blame-on%2F1931822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASultanate+of+Sarawak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Sarawak&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArkib_Negara_Malaysia2016" class="citation cs2">Arkib Negara Malaysia (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pekhabar.com/h-i-d-s-penemuan-makan-sultan-sarawak-pertama/"><i>Penemuan Makan Sultan Sarawak Pertama</i></a>, Pekhabar</cite><span 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id="CITEREFSarawak_State_Secretary_Office2016" class="citation cs2">Sarawak State Secretary Office (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/228/244/"><i>Sarawak Before 1841</i></a>, Official Website of Sarawak State Government</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sarawak+Before+1841&rft.pub=Official+Website+of+Sarawak+State+Government&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Sarawak+State+Secretary+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawak.gov.my%2Fweb%2Fhome%2Farticle_view%2F228%2F244%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASultanate+of+Sarawak" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSygic2017" class="citation cs2">Sygic (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travel.sygic.com/en/poi/tomb-of-sultan-tengah-poi:47638"><i>Tomb of Sultan Tengah</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tomb+of+Sultan+Tengah&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Sygic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftravel.sygic.com%2Fen%2Fpoi%2Ftomb-of-sultan-tengah-poi%3A47638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASultanate+of+Sarawak" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomi2014" class="citation cs2">Tomi (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xFBODAAAQBAJ&q=kesultanan+sarawak&pg=PA225"><i>Pasak Negeri Kapuas 1616-1822</i></a>, Feliz Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-602-961-357-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-602-961-357-5"><bdi>978-602-961-357-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pasak+Negeri+Kapuas+1616-1822&rft.pub=Feliz+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-602-961-357-5&rft.au=Tomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxFBODAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dkesultanan%2Bsarawak%26pg%3DPA225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASultanate+of+Sarawak" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTunku_Hilda2015" class="citation cs2">Tunku Hilda (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kuchinginandout.com/features/enter-the-dragon-a-page-in-mystery"><i>Kino Santubung Megalithic Mystery</i></a>, KINO (Kuching In and Out)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kino+Santubung+Megalithic+Mystery&rft.pub=KINO+%28Kuching+In+and+Out%29&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Tunku+Hilda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuchinginandout.com%2Ffeatures%2Fenter-the-dragon-a-page-in-mystery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASultanate+of+Sarawak" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_East_Malaysia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_East_Malaysia" title="Template:History of East Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_East_Malaysia" title="Template talk:History of East Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_East_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of East Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_East_Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malaysia" title="History of Malaysia">History</a> of <a href="/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common<br />history<sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Sultanate_(1368%E2%80%931888)" title="Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)">Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Japanese occupation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Military_Administration_(Borneo)" title="British Military Administration (Borneo)">British Military Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Agreement" title="Malaysia Agreement">Malaysia Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Malaysia" title="Proclamation of Malaysia">Proclamation of Malaysia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_2019_amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Proposed 2019 amendment to the Constitution of Malaysia">2019 federal constitution amendment</a> <span style="color:darkred;">(on hold) ★ first tabling</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia#March_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">2020 Malaysia coronavirus pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="2021 amendment to the Constitution of Malaysia">2021 federal constitution amendment</a> <span style="color:darkgreen;">(passed) ★ second tabling</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_and_Dutch_Borneo,_1898.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of British and Dutch Borneo, 1898."><img alt="Map of British and Dutch Borneo, 1898." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/British_and_Dutch_Borneo%2C_1898.png/150px-British_and_Dutch_Borneo%2C_1898.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/British_and_Dutch_Borneo%2C_1898.png/225px-British_and_Dutch_Borneo%2C_1898.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/British_and_Dutch_Borneo%2C_1898.png/300px-British_and_Dutch_Borneo%2C_1898.png 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="639" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sabah" title="History of Sabah">History of<br />Sabah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei Civil War">Brunei Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sultanate of Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_conflict_(1771)" title="Sabah conflict (1771)">Sabah conflict (1771)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_colonial_policy#North_Borneo" title="Austrian colonial policy">Austrian colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_Chartered_Company" title="North Borneo Chartered Company">North Borneo Chartered Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antanum" title="Antanum">Antanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mat_Salleh_Rebellion" title="Mat Salleh Rebellion">Mat Salleh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Protocol_of_1885" title="Madrid Protocol of 1885">Madrid Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesselton_revolt" title="Jesselton revolt">Jesselton revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandakan_camp" title="Sandakan camp">Sandakan camp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sandakan_Death_Marches" title="Sandakan Death Marches">Sandakan Death Marches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Borneo" title="Battle of North Borneo">Battle of North Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">Crown Colony of North Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_Self-government_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="North Borneo Self-government Day">Self-government of North Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobbold_Commission" title="Cobbold Commission">Cobbold Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20-point_agreement" title="20-point agreement">20-point agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keningau_Oath_Stone" title="Keningau Oath Stone">Keningau Oath Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Sabah_Air_GAF_Nomad_crash" title="1976 Sabah Air GAF Nomad crash">Double Six Crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_border_attacks_in_Sabah" title="Cross border attacks in Sabah">Cross border attacks from the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1985_Lahad_Datu_ambush" title="1985 Lahad Datu ambush">1985 Lahad Datu ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Sipadan_kidnappings" title="2000 Sipadan kidnappings">2000 Sipadan kidnappings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Lahad_Datu_standoff" title="2013 Lahad Datu standoff">2013 Lahad Datu standoff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Sabah_riots" title="1986 Sabah riots">1986 Sabah riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Sabah_political_arrests" title="1991 Sabah political arrests">1991 Sabah political arrests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_IC" title="Project IC">Project IC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_State_Water_Department_corruption_probe" title="Sabah State Water Department corruption probe">Sabah State Water Department corruption probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sabah" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah">2020 Sabah coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sarawak" title="History of Sarawak">History of<br />Sarawak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sultanate of Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Raj of Sarawak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rentap" title="Rentap">Rentap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shan_Bang" title="Liu Shan Bang">Liu Shan Bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syarif_Masahor" title="Syarif Masahor">Syarif Masahor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Crown Colony of Sarawak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-cession_movement_of_Sarawak" title="Anti-cession movement of Sarawak">Anti-cession movement of Sarawak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Communist insurgency in Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Independence_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarawak Independence Day">Self-government of Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobbold_Commission" title="Cobbold Commission">Cobbold Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18-point_agreement" title="18-point agreement">18-point agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Sarawak_constitutional_crisis" title="1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis">1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Ming_Court_Affair" title="1987 Ming Court Affair">1987 Ming Court Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Sarawak_HFMD_outbreak" title="1997 Sarawak HFMD outbreak">1997 Sarawak HFMD outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_rabies_outbreak" title="Sarawak rabies outbreak">Sarawak rabies outbreak</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sarawak" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sarawak">2020 Sarawak coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Labuan#History" title="Labuan">History of<br />Labuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan" title="Crown Colony of Labuan">Crown Colony of Labuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_Chartered_Company" title="North Borneo Chartered Company">North Borneo Chartered Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1890–1904)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1907–46)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Borneo" title="Battle of North Borneo">Battle of North Borneo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Labuan" title="Battle of Labuan">Battle of Labuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">Colony of Singapore</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1946)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">Crown Colony of North Borneo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1946–63)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobbold_Commission" title="Cobbold Commission">Cobbold Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20-point_agreement" title="20-point agreement">20-point agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1963–84)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Territories of Malaysia">Federal territory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1984–)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>1</sup> Covers the three territories</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Sarawak&oldid=1256772395">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Sarawak&oldid=1256772395</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Category:Raj of Sarawak">Raj of Sarawak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_countries_in_Borneo" title="Category:Former countries in Borneo">Former countries in Borneo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_countries_in_Bruneian_history" title="Category:Former 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