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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Fuduciario_onorifico_("Shomer_Ḥinnam"_capp._I-V)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuduciario_onorifico_("Shomer_Ḥinnam"_capp._I-V)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Fuduciario onorifico ("<i>Shomer Ḥinnam</i>" capp. I-V)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fuduciario_onorifico_("Shomer_Ḥinnam"_capp._I-V)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vendita_e_affidamento_(cap._IV)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vendita_e_affidamento_(cap._IV)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vendita e affidamento (cap. IV)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vendita_e_affidamento_(cap._IV)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiduciario_remunerato_("Shomer_Sakhar",_capp._VI-VII)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiduciario_remunerato_("Shomer_Sakhar",_capp._VI-VII)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fiduciario remunerato ("<i>Shomer Sakhar</i>", capp. VI-VII)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiduciario_remunerato_("Shomer_Sakhar",_capp._VI-VII)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prestatario_("Shoel",_cap._VIII:1-3)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prestatario_("Shoel",_cap._VIII:1-3)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prestatario ("<i>Shoel</i>", cap. VIII:1-3)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prestatario_("Shoel",_cap._VIII:1-3)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noleggiatore_("Sokher",_cap._VIII:6)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noleggiatore_("Sokher",_cap._VIII:6)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Noleggiatore ("<i>Sokher</i>", cap. VIII:6)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noleggiatore_("Sokher",_cap._VIII:6)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tosefta_e_Gemara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tosefta_e_Gemara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tosefta e Gemara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tosefta_e_Gemara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bava Metzia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. 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title="Bava Metzia - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bava Metzia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba_Metzi%C3%A1_(Talmud)" title="Baba Metziá (Talmud) - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Baba Metziá (Talmud)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bava_Metzia" title="Bava Metzia - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bava Metzia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%91%D7%90_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%90" title="בבא מציעא - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בבא מציעא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba_Metsia" title="Baba Metsia - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Baba Metsia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бава Меция - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бава Меция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Bava_Metzia" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Bava_Metzia" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&oldid=134762467" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a 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connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mishnah-D-Nezikin2-Vilna.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Mishnah-D-Nezikin2-Vilna.pdf/page1-220px-Mishnah-D-Nezikin2-Vilna.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Mishnah-D-Nezikin2-Vilna.pdf/page1-330px-Mishnah-D-Nezikin2-Vilna.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Mishnah-D-Nezikin2-Vilna.pdf/page1-440px-Mishnah-D-Nezikin2-Vilna.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>Frontespizio dell'<a href="/wiki/Seder" title="Seder">Ordine</a> di <i><a href="/wiki/Nezikin" title="Nezikin">Nezikin</a></i> che contiene il Bava Metzia, edizione di <a href="/wiki/Vilna" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilna">Vilna</a> (1921)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bava Metzia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Aramaico" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaico">aramaico</a>: בבא מציעא, "La Porta Media") è il secondo dei primi tre trattati della <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> e del <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, nell'<a href="/wiki/Seder" title="Seder">Ordine</a> di <a href="/wiki/Nezikin" title="Nezikin">Nezikin</a> ("Danni"), con gli altri due il <a href="/wiki/Bava_Kamma" title="Bava Kamma">Bava Kamma</a> ed il <a href="/wiki/Bava_Batra" title="Bava Batra">Bava Batra</a>. In origine tutti e tre insieme formavano un trattato singolo intitolato <i>Nezikin</i> (torti o lesioni), e ogni <i>Bava</i> stava a significare "parte" o "suddivisione". Bava Metzia discute delle <a href="/wiki/Diritto_civile" title="Diritto civile">materie civili</a> come il <a href="/wiki/Diritto_di_propriet%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Diritto di proprietà">diritto di proprietà</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Usura" title="Usura">usura</a>. Esamina anche l'obbligo di sorvegliare oggetti smarriti che sono stati rinvenuti o proprietà esplicitamente affidata ad altri (<i>Shomer</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-solo_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bava Metzia contiene 119 pagine suddivise in dieci capitoli. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fuduciario_onorifico_("Shomer_Ḥinnam"_capp._I-V)"><span id="Fuduciario_onorifico_.28.22Shomer_.E1.B8.A4innam.22_capp._I-V.29"></span>Fuduciario onorifico ("<i>Shomer Ḥinnam</i>" capp. I-V)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Fuduciario onorifico ("Shomer Ḥinnam" capp. I-V)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Fuduciario onorifico ("Shomer Ḥinnam" capp. I-V)"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un fiduciario onorifico è colui che trova oggetti smarriti. Egli deve conservarli senza riceverne compenso (<i>shomer ḥinnam</i>) fino a che non può restituirli al legittimo proprietario (<a href="/wiki/Deuteronomio" title="Deuteronomio">Deuteronomio</a> 22:1-3<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Le norme per quanto riguarda il ritrovamento, cosa fare con le cose trovate, come stare in guardia contro falsi <a href="/wiki/Attore_(diritto)" title="Attore (diritto)">pretendenti</a>, come prendersi cura del bene trovato, a quali condizioni il rinvenitore di un oggetto smarrito è tenuto a prendersene cura e a quali condizioni non si è così obbligati - tutto ciò è spiegato nei primi due capitoli. Un fiduciario che non riceve pagamento è responsabile della perdita della proprietà affidata solo se è stata causata da <a href="/wiki/Colpa_(diritto)" title="Colpa (diritto)">negligenza</a> ("<i>peshi'ah</i>") del fiduciario stesso. Il modo di procedere in questi casi ed i regolamenti relativi ad eventuali <a href="/wiki/Multa" title="Multa">multe</a> sono trattati nel cap. II:1; tutte le altre leggi riguardanti responsabilità e diritti del <i>Shomer ḥinnam</i> sono contenute nel cap. III:4-12. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vendita_e_affidamento_(cap._IV)"><span id="Vendita_e_affidamento_.28cap._IV.29"></span>Vendita e affidamento (cap. IV)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Vendita e affidamento (cap. IV)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Vendita e affidamento (cap. IV)"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Contiene varie leggi in materia di vendita e scambio. Il semplice versamento di denaro non costituisce la vendita e l'acquirente può legalmente annullare la vendita e rivendicare la restituzione del denaro, a meno che non abbia "asportato" la cosa acquistata lontano dal suo posto originario: questa "asportazione" ("<i>meshikah</i>") rende la vendita conclusa. Fino a quando tale atto è eseguito, il venditore è in qualche modo uno <i>shomer ḥinnam</i> (fiduciario) del denaro pagatogli. Similmente l'acquirente può diventare uno <i>shomer ḥinnam</i> della cosa acquistata se, scoprendo di esser stato ingannato, vuole annullare la vendita, restituire la cosa acquistata e richiedere indietro i soldi. Quanto costituisce frodare ("<i>onaah</i>") viene definito nel corso di questo capitolo.<sup id="cite_ref-solo_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il Capitolo V concerne le leggi dell'<a href="/wiki/Interesse_finanziario_(diritto)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interesse finanziario (diritto)">interesse</a>, che non hanno nulla in comune con le leggi dello <i>shomer ḥinnam</i> oltre al fatto che riscuotere interesse e frodare ("<i>onaah</i>" del cap. IV) sono entrambi aggiunte illegali di quanto realmente dovuto. Le leggi che proibiscono la riscossione di interesse sono molto severe e si estendono a tutte le operazioni commerciali che possano in un qualche modo somigliare alla riscossione di interesse.<sup id="cite_ref-solo_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I due termini per "riscuotere interesse" - <i><b>"neshekh"</b></i> (interesse) e <i><b>"tarbit"</b></i> (incremento/maggiorazione) - usati nel passo biblico 25:36<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sono spiegati ed illustrati con esempi (cap. V:1-10). Secondo la <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> "il mutuante che prende interesse, il mutuatario che lo paga, i testimoni, le guardie e l'impiegato che scrive il documento sono tutti colpevoli di aver infranto la legge relativa agli interessi" (cap. V:11). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fiduciario_remunerato_("Shomer_Sakhar",_capp._VI-VII)"><span id="Fiduciario_remunerato_.28.22Shomer_Sakhar.22.2C_capp._VI-VII.29"></span>Fiduciario remunerato ("<i>Shomer Sakhar</i>", capp. VI-VII)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Fiduciario remunerato ("Shomer Sakhar", capp. VI-VII)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Fiduciario remunerato ("Shomer Sakhar", capp. VI-VII)"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un fiduciario remunerato è tenuto a risarcire tutte le perdite ad eccezione di quelle causate da un incidente ("<i>quelle</i>"). Deve giurare che un simile incidente gli è accaduto ed è quindi libero dal pagamento (cap. VII:8-10). L'esempio dello <i>shomer Sakhar</i> riportato nella Mishnah è quello di un <a href="/wiki/Artigiano" title="Artigiano">artigiano</a> che si impegna a produrre un certo lavoro da un certo materiale. Se il materiale è rovinato, o il lavoro prodotto non è secondo l'accordo, deve pagare. Poiché il noleggiatore ("<i>sokher</i>") ha la stessa responsabilità dello <i>Shomer Sakhar</i>, alcune leggi in materia di <i>sokher</i> sono incluse nel Capitolo VI. Dal fiduciario remunerato la Mishnah passa poi all'operaio ("<i>po'el</i>") in generale (cap. VII) e regola l'orario di lavoro, il cibo e anche i diritti del lavoratore a consumare i prodotti del campo o della vigna mentre vi lavora (<a href="/wiki/Deuteronomio" title="Deuteronomio">Deuteronomio</a> 23:25-26<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prestatario_("Shoel",_cap._VIII:1-3)"><span id="Prestatario_.28.22Shoel.22.2C_cap._VIII:1-3.29"></span>Prestatario ("<i>Shoel</i>", cap. VIII:1-3)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Prestatario ("Shoel", cap. VIII:1-3)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Prestatario ("Shoel", cap. VIII:1-3)"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un prestatario o noleggiatore è responsabile di risarcire qualsiasi tipo di perdita, inclusa la perdita causata da incidente, eccetto "se il prestatore è con lui" (<a href="/wiki/Libro_dell%27Esodo" title="Libro dell'Esodo">Esodo</a> 22:14-15<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) - cioè, secondo l'interpretazione tradizionale, se il proprietario è al lavoro ("è presente") insieme al prestatario, a pagamento o senza. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noleggiatore_("Sokher",_cap._VIII:6)"><span id="Noleggiatore_.28.22Sokher.22.2C_cap._VIII:6.29"></span>Noleggiatore ("<i>Sokher</i>", cap. VIII:6)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Noleggiatore ("Sokher", cap. VIII:6)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Noleggiatore ("Sokher", cap. VIII:6)"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le leggi del <i>sokher</i> in merito a proprietà mobile sono state esposte nel Capitolo VI. Le sezioni 6-9 del Cap. VIII e 1-10 del Cap. IX esaminano il trattamento del <i>soker</i> circa la <a href="/wiki/Bene_immobile" title="Bene immobile">proprietà immobile</a>; le relazioni tra il <a href="/wiki/Locazione" title="Locazione">locatario</a> di una casa ed il relativo <a href="/wiki/Locatore" title="Locatore">locatore</a>; tra il <a href="/wiki/Agricoltore" title="Agricoltore">coltivatore</a> di un campo ed il rispettivo proprietario. Tra le leggi che regolano queste relazioni ci sono le seguenti: se il locatario affitta una casa per un anno e quell'anno è <a href="/wiki/Bisestile" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisestile">bisestile</a> il locatario occupa la casa per tredici mesi allo stesso prezzo. Un locatario non può esser mandato via d'inverno tra la Festa dei Tabernacoli <i>(<a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a>)</i> e <a href="/wiki/Pesach" title="Pesach">Pesach</a> a meno che non sia stato dato il preavviso un mese prima dell'inizio dell'inverno. In grandi città e per i negozi si richiede un anno di preavviso.<sup id="cite_ref-solo_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Le sezioni 11 e 12 del Capitolo IX riprendono l'argomento del <a href="/wiki/Noleggio" class="mw-redirect" title="Noleggio">noleggio</a> e regolano i veri termini per pagare i salari dovuti (basandosi su <a href="/wiki/Levitico" title="Levitico">Levitico</a> 19:13<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomio" title="Deuteronomio">Deuteronomio</a> 24:14-15<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). L'ultima sezione del Cap. IX definisce i diritti dei <a href="/wiki/Credito" title="Credito">creditori</a> secondo <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomio" title="Deuteronomio">Deuteronomio</a> 24:6,10-13<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il Capitolo X conclude il trattato e regolamenta le relazioni tra comproprietari e vicini, sia nelle abitazioni che nei campi. L'ultimo caso trattato è particolarmente interessante in quanto dimostra un elevato sviluppo della giurisdizione agricola nei tempi <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">mishnaici</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tosefta_e_Gemara">Tosefta e Gemara</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Tosefta e Gemara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Tosefta e Gemara"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" class="mw-redirect" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a> della <i>Bava Metzia</i> è suddivisa in undici capitoli, che corrispondono ai dieci della Mishnah in questo modo: Capp. I-II corrispondono a Capp. I-II della Mishnah; Cap. III a Capp. III-IV della Mishnah; Capp. IV-VI a Cap. V della Mishnah; Cap. VII — che inizia "Colui che assume operai" ("po'alin") invece di "Colui che assume artigiani" ("umanin") alla Mishnah Cap. VI:1; Cap. VIII corrisponde a Capp. VI-VIII della Mishnah; Capp.IX-X a Cap. XI; Cap. XI a Cap. X della Mishnah. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Gemara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemara">Gemara</a>, spiegando le leggi della Mishnah, discute di una varietà di problemi affini, in particolare la Gemara babilonese; il <a href="/wiki/Yerushalmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerushalmi">Yerushalmi</a> è molto esiguo in questo senso. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbi_Zeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabbi Zeira (la pagina non esiste)">Rabbi Zeira</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Amora" class="mw-redirect" title="Amora">Amora</a> che stava andando da <a href="/wiki/Babilonia" class="mw-disambig" title="Babilonia">Babilonia</a> a <a href="/wiki/Gerusalemme" title="Gerusalemme">Gerusalemme</a>, si dice che abbia <a href="/wiki/Digiuno" title="Digiuno">digiunato</a> cento volte entro un determinato periodo di tempo, pregando di dimenticasi della Gemara babilonese e cogliere invece pienamente gli insegnamenti di <a href="/wiki/Jochanan_Ben_Zakkai" title="Jochanan Ben Zakkai">Rabbi Yohanan</a>, il maestro di Gerusalemme (BM 85a). Secondo <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rabbino" title="Rabbino">rabbini</a> di Gerusalemme non erano di disposizione polemica e risolvevano le difficoltà senza tante discussioni.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bava Metzia</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></span>, New York, Funk & Wagnalls, 1901-1906.</cite> </p> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-solo-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-solo_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-solo_1-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-solo_1-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-solo_1-3">d</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Quanto segue secondo la descrizione critica e sistematizzazione del <i>The Talmud</i>, cur. N. Solomon, Penguin Books (2009), pp. v-viii e 421-496. Si è consultato inoltre <i>Il Talmud. Introduzione, testi, commenti</i>, curato da Günter Stemberger, EDB (2008); <i>Talmùd. Il trattato delle benedizioni</i>, redattore S. Cavalletti, UTET (2009).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laparola.net/wiki.php?riferimento=Deuteronomio+22%3A1-3&formato_rif=vp"><span style="font-style:italic;">Deuteronomio 22:1-3</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laparola.net/wiki.php?riferimento=Levitico25%3A36&formato_rif=vp"><span style="font-style:italic;">Levitico 25:36</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>"Non trarre da lui alcun interesse o utile; ma temi il tuo DIO, e il tuo fratello vivrà presso di te."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laparola.net/wiki.php?riferimento=Deuteronomio23%3A25-26&formato_rif=vp"><span style="font-style:italic;">Deuteronomio 23:25-26</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laparola.net/wiki.php?riferimento=Esodo22%3A14-15&formato_rif=vp"><span style="font-style:italic;">Esodo 22:14-15</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laparola.net/wiki.php?riferimento=Levitico19%3A13&formato_rif=vp"><span style="font-style:italic;">Levitico 19:13</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laparola.net/wiki.php?riferimento=Deuteronomio24%3A14-15&formato_rif=vp"><span style="font-style:italic;">Deuteronomio 24:14-15</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laparola.net/wiki.php?riferimento=Deuteronomio24%3A6%2C10-13&formato_rif=vp"><span style="font-style:italic;">Deuteronomio 24:6,10-13</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">La Parola - La Sacra Bibbia in italiano in Internet</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Cfr. p. 38b: "Sei di <a href="/wiki/Pumbedita" title="Pumbedita">Pumbedita</a>, dove fanno passare un elefante attraverso la cruna di un ago?".</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danno" title="Danno">Danno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letteratura_rabbinica" title="Letteratura rabbinica">Letteratura rabbinica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maestri_ebrei" class="mw-redirect" title="Maestri ebrei">Maestri ebrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbino" title="Rabbino">Rabbino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storia_degli_ebrei" title="Storia degli ebrei">Storia degli ebrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Torah">Torah</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bava_Metzia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mishnah" title="Template:Mishnah"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Mishnah" title="Discussioni template:Mishnah"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Mishnah&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">I sei ordini della <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Zeraim" title="Zeraim">Zeraim</a> (semi)</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Berakhot_(Talmud)" title="Berakhot (Talmud)">Berakhot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pe%27ah" title="Pe'ah">Pe'ah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Demai" class="mw-redirect" title="Demai">Demai</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kil%27ayim" class="mw-redirect" title="Kil'ayim">Kil'ayim</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shevi%27it" class="mw-redirect" title="Shevi'it">Shevi'it</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Terumot" class="mw-redirect" title="Terumot">Terumot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ma%27aserot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'aserot">Ma'aserot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ma%27aser_Sheni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'aser Sheni">Ma'aser Sheni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hallah_(Talmud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallah (Talmud)">Hallah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Orlah" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlah">Orlah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bikkurim" title="Bikkurim">Bikkurim</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Moed" title="Moed">Moed</a> (festività)</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_(Talmud)" title="Shabbat (Talmud)">Shabbat</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eruvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Eruvin">Eruvin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pesachim" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesachim">Pesachim</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shekalim" class="mw-redirect" title="Shekalim">Shekalim</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yoma_(Talmud)" title="Yoma (Talmud)">Yoma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sukkah_(Talmud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukkah (Talmud)">Sukkah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Betzah" class="mw-redirect" title="Betzah">Betzah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah_(Talmud)" title="Rosh Hashanah (Talmud)">Rosh Hashanah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ta%27anit" title="Ta'anit">Ta'anit</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Megillah_(Talmud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Megillah (Talmud)">Megillah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mo%27ed_Katan" title="Mo'ed Katan">Mo'ed Katan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hagigah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagigah">Hagigah</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Nashim" title="Nashim">Nashim</a> (donne)</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Yebamoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Yebamoth">Yebamoth</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ketubot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketubot">Ketubot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nedarim" class="mw-redirect" title="Nedarim">Nedarim</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nazir_(Talmud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazir (Talmud)">Nazir</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sotah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotah">Sotah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ghittin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghittin">Ghittin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kiddushin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiddushin">Kiddushin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Nezikin" title="Nezikin">Nezikin</a> (danni)</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Bava_Kamma" title="Bava Kamma">Bava Kamma</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bava Metzia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bava_Batra" title="Bava Batra">Bava Batra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sinedrio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Makkot" title="Makkot">Makkot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shevu%27ot" class="mw-redirect" title="Shevu'ot">Shevu'ot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eduyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Eduyot">Eduyot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Avodah_Zarah" title="Avodah Zarah">Avodah Zarah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pirkei_Avoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirkei Avoth">Avot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Horayot" class="mw-redirect" title="Horayot">Horayot</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Kodashim" title="Kodashim">Kodashim</a> (santità)</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Zevahim" class="mw-redirect" title="Zevahim">Zevahim</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Menahot" class="mw-redirect" title="Menahot">Menahot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hullin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hullin">Hullin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bekhorot" title="Bekhorot">Bekhorot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Arakhin" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakhin">Arakhin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Temurah" title="Temurah">Temurah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Keritot" class="mw-redirect" title="Keritot">Keritot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Me%27ilah" class="mw-redirect" title="Me'ilah">Me'ilah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tamid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamid">Tamid</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Middot_(Talmud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Middot (Talmud)">Middot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kinnim" title="Kinnim">Kinnim</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Tohorot" title="Tohorot">Tohorot</a> (purificazioni)</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Keilim" title="Keilim">Keilim</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Oholot" class="mw-redirect" title="Oholot">Oholot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nega%27im" class="mw-redirect" title="Nega'im">Nega'im</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Parah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parah">Parah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tohorot" title="Tohorot">Tohorot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mikva%27ot" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikva'ot">Mikva'ot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tohorot" title="Tohorot">Niddah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Makhshirin" class="mw-redirect" title="Makhshirin">Makhshirin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zavim" class="mw-redirect" title="Zavim">Zavim</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tevul_Yom" class="mw-redirect" title="Tevul Yom">Tevul Yom</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yadayim" class="mw-redirect" 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