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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>背景</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-经过" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#经过"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>经过</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-经过-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-结果调查及后续研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#结果调查及后续研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>结果调查及后续研究</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-结果调查及后续研究-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关结果调查及后续研究子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-结果调查及后续研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-结果" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#结果"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>结果</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-结果-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-调查及研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#调查及研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>调查及研究</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-调查及研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-后续研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#后续研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>后续研究</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-后续研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-纪念" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#纪念"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>纪念</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-纪念-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关纪念子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-纪念-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-历史标记和博物馆" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史标记和博物馆"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>历史标记和博物馆</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史标记和博物馆-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文学作品及传媒的影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文学作品及传媒的影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>文学作品及传媒的影响</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文学作品及传媒的影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niebla_t%C3%B3xica_de_Donora" title="Niebla tóxica de Donora – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Niebla tóxica de Donora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disastro_ambientale_di_Donora" title="Disastro ambientale di Donora – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Disastro ambientale di Donora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%EB%85%84_%EB%8F%84%EB%85%B8%EB%9D%BC_%EC%8A%A4%EB%AA%A8%EA%B7%B8" title="1948년 도노라 스모그 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1948년 도노라 스모그" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3_(1948)" title="Донорский смог (1948) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Донорский смог (1948)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4566250#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">多诺拉烟雾事件</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_wire_mill,_Donora,_PA._LCCN2002713075.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/The_wire_mill%2C_Donora%2C_PA._LCCN2002713075.tif/lossy-page1-200px-The_wire_mill%2C_Donora%2C_PA._LCCN2002713075.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/The_wire_mill%2C_Donora%2C_PA._LCCN2002713075.tif/lossy-page1-300px-The_wire_mill%2C_Donora%2C_PA._LCCN2002713075.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/The_wire_mill%2C_Donora%2C_PA._LCCN2002713075.tif/lossy-page1-400px-The_wire_mill%2C_Donora%2C_PA._LCCN2002713075.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3257" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">1910年的宾夕法尼亚州多诺拉</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">原文名</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;;"><span> 1948 Donora smog</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">中文名</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;;">多诺拉烟雾事件</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">日期</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;;">1948年10月26日—31日<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1948-10-26</span> – <span class="dtend">1948-10-31</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">持续时间</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;;">6日</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">地点</th><td class="infobox-data 地点" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BE%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="宾夕法尼亚州">宾夕法尼亚州</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多诺拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Donora, Pennsylvania"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多诺拉（页面不存在）">多诺拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donora,_Pennsylvania" class="extiw" title="en:Donora, Pennsylvania"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Donora, Pennsylvania</span></a></span>）</span></span>工业区</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87%E7%B3%BB" title="地理坐标系">坐标</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&params=40_10_33_N_79_51_41_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">40°10′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°51′41″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">40.17583°N 79.86139°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.17583; -79.86139</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">类型</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="空气污染">空气污染</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">主题</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%AB" title="二氧化硫">二氧化硫</a>等有害物质引发的灾害</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">起因</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="工业污染">工业污染</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">死亡</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;;">一周内20余人死亡</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>多诺拉事件</b>也称<b>多诺拉烟雾事件</b>是1948年10月发生在在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BE%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="宾夕法尼亚州">宾夕法尼亚州</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多诺拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Donora, Pennsylvania"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多诺拉（页面不存在）">多诺拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donora,_Pennsylvania" class="extiw" title="en:Donora, Pennsylvania"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Donora, Pennsylvania</span></a></span>）</span></span>的一起严重的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="大气污染">大气污染</a>事件。是一起以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%AB" title="二氧化硫">二氧化硫</a>及其氧化产物等多种污染物综合形成的污染事件。事件导致20余人在一周内死亡，近6000人（约占当地居民的43％）感到不适。多诺拉事件被认为是“美国历史上最严重的空气污染灾难之一”<sup id="cite_ref-Killed_20_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Killed_20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 278px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 278px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="278" data-height="200" data-zoom="12" data-lat="40.1782856" data-lon="-79.8624059" data-overlays="["_313b29029e80e8beed578f0541194b18181c0349"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/12/40.1782856/-79.8624059/zh"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,40.1782856,-79.8624059,278x200.png?lang=zh&domain=zh.wikipedia.org&title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&revid=79473085&groups=_313b29029e80e8beed578f0541194b18181c0349" width="278" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,40.1782856,-79.8624059,278x200@2x.png?lang=zh&domain=zh.wikipedia.org&title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&revid=79473085&groups=_313b29029e80e8beed578f0541194b18181c0349 2x" alt="地图" /></a><div class="thumbcaption">多诺拉的所在地</div></div></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="背景"><span id=".E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1950_Census_Enumeration_District_Maps_-_Pennsylvania_(PA)_-_Washington_County_-_Donora_-_ED_63-101_to_120_-_NARA_-_40037711.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/1950_Census_Enumeration_District_Maps_-_Pennsylvania_%28PA%29_-_Washington_County_-_Donora_-_ED_63-101_to_120_-_NARA_-_40037711.jpg/278px-1950_Census_Enumeration_District_Maps_-_Pennsylvania_%28PA%29_-_Washington_County_-_Donora_-_ED_63-101_to_120_-_NARA_-_40037711.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/1950_Census_Enumeration_District_Maps_-_Pennsylvania_%28PA%29_-_Washington_County_-_Donora_-_ED_63-101_to_120_-_NARA_-_40037711.jpg/417px-1950_Census_Enumeration_District_Maps_-_Pennsylvania_%28PA%29_-_Washington_County_-_Donora_-_ED_63-101_to_120_-_NARA_-_40037711.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/1950_Census_Enumeration_District_Maps_-_Pennsylvania_%28PA%29_-_Washington_County_-_Donora_-_ED_63-101_to_120_-_NARA_-_40037711.jpg/556px-1950_Census_Enumeration_District_Maps_-_Pennsylvania_%28PA%29_-_Washington_County_-_Donora_-_ED_63-101_to_120_-_NARA_-_40037711.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9861" data-file-height="5675" /></a><figcaption>1950年多诺拉地图</figcaption></figure> <p>多诺拉坐落在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%86%9C%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%8C%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%B3" title="莫农加希拉河">莫农加希拉河</a>的一个马蹄形转弯处的内侧，向北距离<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%B9%E5%A0%A1" title="匹兹堡">匹兹堡</a>30英里（将近50公里）。多诺拉与河对面韦伯斯特（Webster）都背靠着超过400英尺（120米）的山丘，这让莫农加希拉河在此处形成了一个狭长的低洼地带，多诺拉便在其中<sup id="cite_ref-TOWNSEND_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOWNSEND-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在1898年，美國钢铁商人<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威廉·唐纳" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="William H. Donner"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·唐纳（页面不存在）">威廉·唐纳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._Donner" class="extiw" title="en:William H. Donner"><span lang="en" dir="auto">William H. Donner</span></a></span>）</span></span>（William H. Donner）与金融家<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E9%9A%86" class="mw-redirect" title="安德鲁·梅隆">安德鲁·梅隆</a>组建了联合进步公司（Union Improvement Company）。他们看中此处的水陆交通、铁路交通的便捷以及毗邻匹兹堡的地理优势，在这里建设了一座工业城镇，并以威廉的姓和安德鲁的妻子诺拉·麦克马伦·梅隆（Nora McMullen Mellon）的名的组合命名这个新小镇为多诺拉（Donora）。联合进步公司在这建立的钢铁厂吸引了大量人口落户于此，到了污染事件发生时，当地人口数量达到了大约130,000。随后联合进步公司在此地又开办了钢丝厂，为了维持钢铁厂和钢丝厂的开工需要，每天需要450吨<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E7%9F%BF%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="铁矿石">铁矿石</a>、400吨<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E7%82%AD" title="焦炭">焦炭</a>、60吨<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%81%B0%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="石灰石">石灰石</a>和60吨辅料，炼铁会产生大量的废气和烟尘，而<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%AC%E7%81%AB" title="淬火">淬火</a>过程也会产生大量废水。 </p><p>1915年，为了解决镀锌的问题，该地又建立了造锌工厂，工厂使用的是烧煤卧式炉，而非排烟较少不产生含锌毒气的电炉。三大工厂24小时不间断运作，使得所有多诺拉的小山谷中不断产生大量烟尘和污染的空气。雾经常在春秋季袭扰多诺拉，不过通常会持续一天左右，直到有风的形成将雾吹散。曾有报告说，锌厂下风的山坡上，锌厂的排放物导致<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="印第安人">印第安人</a>墓地中的尸骨被污染，周围的草地也因此开始枯萎<sup id="cite_ref-TOWNSEND_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOWNSEND-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-大公网_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-大公网-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="经过"><span id=".E7.BB.8F.E8.BF.87"></span>经过</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：经过"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>事件发生时，多诺拉的工厂由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%92%A2%E9%93%81%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="美国钢铁公司">美国钢铁公司</a>子公司美国炼钢与钢丝厂（The American Steel and Wire Company）负责运营。 </p><p>1948年10月26日，烟雾开始笼罩多诺拉，不过对于多诺拉的居民来说烟雾并不陌生。此时正值一年一度的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="万圣夜">万圣节</a>，10月29日下午万圣节游行照常举行，烟雾反而增加了恐怖的气氛。 </p><p>10月30日凌晨当地几名医生的办公室电话逐渐开始频繁的响起，都是关于<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E5%9B%B0%E9%9A%BE" title="呼吸困难">呼吸困难</a>、咳嗽、胸痛的报告。随着患者人数的不断增多，<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%91%E8%AD%B7%E8%BB%8A" title="救護車">救护车</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8A" title="消防車">消防車</a>逐渐忙碌起来，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美國退伍軍人協會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="American Legion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%80%80%E4%BC%8D%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="美国退伍军人协会">美國退伍軍人協會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Legion" class="extiw" title="en:American Legion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">American Legion</span></a></span>）</span></span>等民间组织也参与协助将病人送往医院。当地医院逐渐人满为患，即便加了床也很难容得下更多的病患<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。消防员开始为当地居民提供氧气。随着烟雾变浓，道路因为浓雾甚至无法横穿。凌晨2点出现了第一个死亡病例。然而多诺拉巨龙队与莫农格希拉镇野猫队的橄榄球比赛在当天早上如期进行，虽然有观众观看了这次比赛，但由于浓雾往往看不清球在哪。此时更多的患者被送往附近的医院、多诺拉消防隊、当地美国<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="红十字会">红十字会</a>以及其他能够帮助患者的组织<sup id="cite_ref-官方初步调查_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-官方初步调查-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另外，直到当天中午美国红十字会执行董事科拉·弗农夫人（Cora Vernon）才将打给医生办公室的电话线路与市政厅建立的急救中心电话线路设置接通。 </p><p>10月30日当天有17人死亡，在对这些尸体进行解刨后发现死者肺部都有受到急性刺激所发生的变化，像是肺部血管扩张出血、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%82%BF" title="水肿">水肿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%94%E7%AE%A1%E7%82%8E" title="支气管炎">支气管炎</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-大公网_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-大公网-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70年_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70年-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-世界环境_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-世界环境-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>10月31日凌晨3点，美国炼钢与钢丝厂的负责人韦瑟弗（L. J. Westhaver）、法律总顾问罗杰·布劳（Roger Blough）、锌厂厂长迈克尔·尼尔（Michael Neale）等经营者及镇政府官员召开会议，决定停止锌厂的运营以协助对抗烟雾<sup id="cite_ref-大公网_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-大公网-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这一天一场大雨将笼罩多诺拉地区六天的烟雾洗刷干净，烟雾事件结束<sup id="cite_ref-Killed_20_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Killed_20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>烟雾的散去并没有降低患者们的健康风险，依然有人在烟雾散去之后死亡，这其中就包括未来的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%8C%E6%A3%92%E5%A4%A7%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E6%9C%80%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%E7%90%83%E5%91%98%E5%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="美国职棒大联盟最有价值球员奖">美国职棒大联盟最有价值球员</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E4%BC%91" title="斯坦·穆休">斯坦·穆休</a>的父亲卢卡斯·穆休（Lukasz Musial）<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="结果调查及后续研究"><span id=".E7.BB.93.E6.9E.9C.E8.B0.83.E6.9F.A5.E5.8F.8A.E5.90.8E.E7.BB.AD.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>结果调查及后续研究</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：结果调查及后续研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="结果"><span id=".E7.BB.93.E6.9E.9C"></span>结果</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：结果"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>烟雾事件之后，出现过一些反对锌厂的声音，多诺拉对岸的韦伯斯特有一位名叫亚伯·塞拉皮诺（Abe Celapino）的农场主，他家的牛和鸡在这次事件中死亡。于是他联合《莫内森独立日报（The Monessen Daily Independent）》要求锌厂搬迁。多诺拉自治镇议会中唯一的非工厂雇员的比尔·罗根斯（Bill Rongaus）医生指出此次事件应由锌厂负责，然而遭到了其他人的反对<sup id="cite_ref-大公网_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-大公网-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。灾害发生之后的一段时间，多诺拉的居民的生活水平都没有完全恢复到灾害到来之前的水平<sup id="cite_ref-世界环境_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-世界环境-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但烟雾事件引起了全美国人的关注，一些地方和州开始了污染控制法案的制定与执行。此次事件也促成了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国国家环境保护局">美国国家环境保护局</a>制定并执行联邦法律<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1970年《清洁空气法》" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clean Air Act (United States)#Clean Air Act of 1970"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%8A%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%81%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%95%E3%80%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1970年《清洁空气法》（页面不存在）">1970年《清洁空气法》</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)#Clean_Air_Act_of_1970" class="extiw" title="en:Clean Air Act (United States)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clean Air Act (United States)#Clean Air Act of 1970</span></a></span>）</span></span>。这项法案直接限制了来自工业的排放<sup id="cite_ref-Killed_20_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Killed_20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1951年4月17日，美国炼钢与钢丝厂在涉及的130件损害诉讼中达成庭外和解。烟雾事件导致死亡和患病居民的诉讼要求美国钢铁与钢丝公司赔偿4,643,000美元，最终仅赔偿235,000美元。在确认和解声明中，该公司不承担烟雾事件所造成伤害的责任。公司在当地的运营经理认为，导致烟雾公害发生的原因是极端恶劣的天气，认为这是“上帝的作为（an act of God）”。异常天气使得所有来自房屋、铁路、汽船、汽车尾气以及工厂废气都积聚在多诺拉的上空所以才会导致人死亡。灾难发生一年后，该地区住宅物业的总价值下降了近10%<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。调查结束后，当地卫生官员向<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="賓夕法尼亞州衛生部" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pennsylvania Department of Health"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%93%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="賓夕法尼亞州衛生部（页面不存在）">賓夕法尼亞州衛生部</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Department_of_Health" class="extiw" title="en:Pennsylvania Department of Health"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pennsylvania Department of Health</span></a></span>）</span></span>提出要重新开工。直到1966年，美国钢铁公司关闭了该地区的炼铁厂和炼锌厂<sup id="cite_ref-Killed_20_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Killed_20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="调查及研究"><span id=".E8.B0.83.E6.9F.A5.E5.8F.8A.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>调查及研究</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：调查及研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>官方调查</dt></dl> <p>灾害发生后，关于谁可以客观公正的调查此次事件曾引起很多争论，当地部门曾表示如果州政府无法找到灾害的原因，多诺拉当地政府则会出资进行调查<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。最终在多诺拉、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国鋼鐵工人聯合會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="United Steelworkers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%8B%BC%E9%90%B5%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" title="美國鋼鐵工人聯合會">美国鋼鐵工人聯合會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Steelworkers" class="extiw" title="en:United Steelworkers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">United Steelworkers</span></a></span>）</span></span>、宾夕法尼亚州以及美国炼钢与钢丝厂的共同要求下，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E5%B1%80" title="美國公共衛生局">美國公共衛生局</a>介入了此次调查。由美國公共衛生局环境调查处处长施伦克（H. H. Schrenk）带领的25人团队前往多诺拉进行调查。调查方式包括逐户调查，尸检，兽医调查，空气污染监测以及天气状况分析等<sup id="cite_ref-70年_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70年-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1949年，美國公共衛生局发布初步报告，报告结论认为是三个主要因素导致了灾害发生： </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>第一个主要因素为美国钢铁厂和锌厂的排放污染为主，结合当地居民生活污染及水路交通污染。调查组考虑了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氟化物">氟化物</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氯化物">氯化物</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氮氧化物">氮氧化物</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="硫化氢">硫化氢</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%95%89" title="氧化镉">氧化镉</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%AB" title="二氧化硫">二氧化硫</a>及其氧化产物等污染物，这些污染物在单一情况下不会出现观察到的综合症，但是如果将它们两种或多种组合可能会导致综合症的发生。另外这些污染物可附着在<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B8%E6%B5%AE%E5%BE%AE%E7%B2%92" class="mw-redirect" title="懸浮微粒">懸浮微粒</a>表面上，然后进入人体呼吸系统内，从而增强污染物的作用<sup id="cite_ref-TOWNSEND_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOWNSEND-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-官方初步调查_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-官方初步调查-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>第二个因素为天气系统异常。10月26日到27日，多诺拉上空形成<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E6%B8%A9%E5%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="逆温层">逆温层</a>，空气垂直移动非常缓慢。<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E9%94%8B" title="冷锋">冷锋</a>进入后因为风力很小，冷空气被困在逆温层之下<sup id="cite_ref-官方初步调查_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-官方初步调查-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>加之第三个因素多诺拉的地形独特，河谷两岸是山丘而多诺拉又处在马蹄形弯道内。这致使烟雾无法从四周散去，被困在人类生活高度六天的时间<sup id="cite_ref-官方初步调查_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-官方初步调查-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>烟雾最终导致21人死亡，其中17人在10月30日也就是烟雾聚集的第三天死亡，2人在一天后死亡，另外2人在一周后死亡<sup id="cite_ref-官方初步调查_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-官方初步调查-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，约占当地人口43%的5900人受到了烟雾影响，其中15.5%的人受到严重影响，16.8%受到中度影响，10.4%受到轻微影响。超过60%的受影响的调查者超过65岁。第一次死亡的17人的年纪处在52岁和84岁之间，平均65岁，且患有心脏病或呼吸系统疾病<sup id="cite_ref-TOWNSEND_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOWNSEND-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-官方初步调查_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-官方初步调查-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。锌厂的排放物几乎杀光了该厂半英里（400多米）内的植物，动物也在此次事件中受到伤害<sup id="cite_ref-Killed_20_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Killed_20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-官方初步调查_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-官方初步调查-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>然而此次调查一直为人诟病，初步报告完成后并没有发表最终报告使得调查存在一些空白。1950年，《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国公共卫生杂志" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="American Journal of Public Health"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国公共卫生杂志（页面不存在）">美国公共卫生杂志</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Journal_of_Public_Health" class="extiw" title="en:American Journal of Public Health"><span lang="en" dir="auto">American Journal of Public Health</span></a></span>）</span></span>》曾发表过文章称美國公共衛生局在此次调查中有研究空白，如包括低暴露水平的空气污染对公众健康的持续威胁。同年的另一份杂志《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="新英格蘭醫學雜誌">新英格蘭醫學雜誌</a>》认为美國公共衛生局错过了一次能够对长期污染和严重急性事件的健康影响作出更详细调查的机会<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <dl><dt>克拉伦斯·米尔斯的调查</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E8%BE%9B%E9%82%A3%E6%8F%90%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="辛辛那提大学">辛辛那提大学</a>的实验医学教授克拉伦斯·米尔斯（Clarence Mills）曾对该事件进行过独立研究。克拉伦斯·米尔斯的初步调查结果认为如果如果空气中的浓度高一些或时间长一些，整个多诺拉可能会没有生命的存在。克拉伦斯·米尔斯认为接受调查的当地人中4459人声称没有受到烟雾事件影响，很多人其实已经被影响了，但因为害怕丢了工作所以没说实话。时任卫生委员会主席查尔斯·斯泰西（ Charles M. Stacey）反驳了克拉伦斯·米尔斯的说法，认为即便烟雾持续时间变长，也仅会导致死亡变多而非所有人死亡。并认为工会能够保护当地居民，居民不会说谎<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1950年，克拉伦斯在《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6_(%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A)" title="科学 (期刊)">科学</a>》杂志发表的关于这次事件的结论认为烟雾对多诺拉居民个体很可能会产生长期影响<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="后续研究"><span id=".E5.90.8E.E7.BB.AD.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>后续研究</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：后续研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1959年和1961年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%B9%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="匹兹堡大学">匹兹堡大学</a>的学者对经历过多诺拉事件的幸存者在<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87" title="癌症">癌症</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="心血管疾病">心血管疾病</a>导致的死亡数量方面进行过长时间的统计和分析，认为多诺拉事件的幸存者的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F%E7%97%85" title="心脏病">心脏病</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="呼吸系统疾病">呼吸系统疾病</a>如<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AE%E5%96%98" title="哮喘">哮喘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="肺炎">肺炎</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%94%E7%AE%A1%E7%82%8E" title="支气管炎">支气管炎</a>的致死人数在事后十年间远高于预期，多诺拉的癌症死亡率比同样在匹兹堡附近的阿森纳（Arsenal）<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E8%91%97%E6%80%A7%E5%B7%AE%E5%BC%82" title="显著性差异">显著</a>更高<sup id="cite_ref-70年_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70年-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2014年，以匹兹堡大学研究学者为首的调查团对多诺拉下游的马克勒湖（Markle Lake）的沉积物和来源进行分析，认为沉积物中<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="痕量金属" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Trace metal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%97%95%E9%87%8F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="痕量金属（页面不存在）">痕量金属</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace_metal" class="extiw" title="en:Trace metal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Trace metal</span></a></span>）</span></span><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%98" class="mw-redirect" title="鎘">鎘</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>主要来自于多诺拉锌厂的排放。但发现其中鎘与鉛并未像预期的随着多诺拉锌厂的关闭以及《清洁空气法》的颁布而减少，反而一直保持在较高水平。这种结果可能是因为1952年<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="杜肯照明公司" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Duquesne Light Company"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%9C%E8%82%AF%E7%85%A7%E6%98%8E%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杜肯照明公司（页面不存在）">杜肯照明公司</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duquesne_Light_Company" class="extiw" title="en:Duquesne Light Company"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Duquesne Light Company</span></a></span>）</span></span>（Duquesne Light Co.）在多诺拉建设了一座<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="燃煤電站" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coal-fired power station"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%87%83%E7%85%A4%E9%9B%BB%E7%AB%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="燃煤電站（页面不存在）">燃煤電站</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_station" class="extiw" title="en:Coal-fired power station"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coal-fired power station</span></a></span>）</span></span>造成的。该电站成为当地主要的长期污染源直到2012年关闭<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="上海大学">上海大学</a>的学者从<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="管理学">管理学</a>角度将多诺拉烟雾事件作为典型，对事件美国工业<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="卫星城市">卫星城市</a>环境问题进行探究。学者认为卫星城市所面临的环境问题主要是内部缺乏要求环境治理的力量，而外部也缺少权威机构的监督管理，从而导致诸如多诺拉烟雾事件等事件的发生<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。也有研究表示，1930年<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="马斯河谷事件">马斯河谷事件</a>的发生是对各界强烈警告，但多诺拉无视之前的事件的教训，并没有实施烟尘控制措施，导致了这次事件的发生<sup id="cite_ref-70年_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70年-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="玛丽·阿姆杜尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mary Amdur"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%9D%9C%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玛丽·阿姆杜尔（页面不存在）">玛丽·阿姆杜尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Amdur" class="extiw" title="en:Mary Amdur"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mary Amdur</span></a></span>）</span></span>（Mary Amdur）曾在<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国冶炼和精炼公司" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Asarco"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%B6%E7%82%BC%E5%92%8C%E7%B2%BE%E7%82%BC%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国冶炼和精炼公司（页面不存在）">美国冶炼和精炼公司</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asarco" class="extiw" title="en:Asarco"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Asarco</span></a></span>）</span></span>的资助下加入了爵阁（Drinker）教授的团队，对多诺拉事件中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8" title="硫酸">硫酸</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%AB" title="二氧化硫">二氧化硫</a>及其他硫的氧化物进行调查和研究。美国冶炼和精炼公司希望证明硫酸在多诺拉事件中的影响仅排在次要地位，而且与死亡没有任何关系。1953年7月，玛丽和她的丈夫在一个周末购买了豚鼠进行了早期实验，实验证明在硫酸和二氧化硫中呼吸都会产生剧烈的短期影响<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。12月，玛丽将实验数据及对呼吸、体重和肺部产生巨大影响的结论提交至<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E4%BF%83%E9%80%B2%E6%9C%83" title="美國科學促進會">美国科学促进会</a>，并未遭到异议或负面制裁。然而这个发现使得美国冶炼和精炼公司非常失望和沮丧。1954年4月的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国工业卫生协会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="American Industrial Hygiene Association"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国工业卫生协会（页面不存在）">美国工业卫生协会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Industrial_Hygiene_Association" class="extiw" title="en:American Industrial Hygiene Association"><span lang="en" dir="auto">American Industrial Hygiene Association</span></a></span>）</span></span>的年会上，她将自己撰写的一篇关于硫酸对志愿者身体影响与1948年烟雾事件相似水平的譴責性论文提交。这样的举动导致她在会议场所的电梯里被两个歹徒袭击并威胁。当她从会议返回后，拿到美国冶炼和精炼公司资金支持的爵阁教授要求玛丽撤回提交的论文并推迟在《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E8%91%89%E5%88%80_(%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C)" title="柳葉刀 (雜誌)">柳叶刀</a>》上的发表。当玛丽拒绝后，她失去了在爵阁团队工作的位置，而她的论文也未曾在《柳叶刀》上发表<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="纪念"><span id=".E7.BA.AA.E5.BF.B5"></span>纪念</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：纪念"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donora-10-2012-aerial-photo-by-greg-cromer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Donora-10-2012-aerial-photo-by-greg-cromer.jpg/220px-Donora-10-2012-aerial-photo-by-greg-cromer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Donora-10-2012-aerial-photo-by-greg-cromer.jpg/330px-Donora-10-2012-aerial-photo-by-greg-cromer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Donora-10-2012-aerial-photo-by-greg-cromer.jpg/440px-Donora-10-2012-aerial-photo-by-greg-cromer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1079" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>2012年的多诺拉</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="历史标记和博物馆"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2.E6.A0.87.E8.AE.B0.E5.92.8C.E5.8D.9A.E7.89.A9.E9.A6.86"></span>历史标记和博物馆</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：历史标记和博物馆"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1995年，多诺拉的居民贾斯汀·肖利（Justin Shawley）在对烟雾事件进行研究后，向<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="賓夕法尼亞州歷史和博物館委員會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%93%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="賓夕法尼亞州歷史和博物館委員會（页面不存在）">賓夕法尼亞州歷史和博物館委員會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Historical_and_Museum_Commission" class="extiw" title="en:Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission</span></a></span>）</span></span>提出设立关于纪念此次事件的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="历史标记" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Pennsylvania state historical markers in Washington County"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%A0%87%E8%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="历史标记（页面不存在）">历史标记</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_historical_markers_in_Washington_County" class="extiw" title="en:List of Pennsylvania state historical markers in Washington County"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Pennsylvania state historical markers in Washington County</span></a></span>）</span></span>并获得通过。1998年10月28日在多诺拉公共图书馆举行了纪念多诺拉烟雾事件50周年的活动，并在活动中将历史标记放置在了图书馆旁的空地之上<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2008年10月，在纪念烟雾事件60周年的同时，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多诺拉烟雾事件博物馆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Donora Smog Museum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E7%83%9F%E9%9B%BE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多诺拉烟雾事件博物馆（页面不存在）">多诺拉烟雾事件博物馆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donora_Smog_Museum" class="extiw" title="en:Donora Smog Museum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Donora Smog Museum</span></a></span>）</span></span>对外开放。“洁净的空气从这里开始”是博物馆的口号，博物馆收藏包括40年代的航拍照片在内的文物，以及记载了事件发生时的故事，例如从<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第一次世界大战">第一次世界大战</a>中退役来到钢厂工作的退伍军人的故事<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文学作品及传媒的影响"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6.E4.BD.9C.E5.93.81.E5.8F.8A.E4.BC.A0.E5.AA.92.E7.9A.84.E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>文学作品及传媒的影响</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：文学作品及传媒的影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1950年9月，《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%AE%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="纽约客">纽约客</a>》刊登了医学作家<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伯顿·鲁埃希" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Berton Roueché"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%AF%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E5%9F%83%E5%B8%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伯顿·鲁埃希（页面不存在）">伯顿·鲁埃希</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berton_Rouech%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="en:Berton Roueché"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Berton Roueché</span></a></span>）</span></span>（Berton Roueché）撰写的关于多诺拉烟雾事件的报道《雾（the Fog）》。同年，《雾》和他的另一篇文章《一只来自新泽西的猪（A Pig From New Jersey）》一起获得了1950年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%A5%96" title="拉斯克奖">拉斯克奖</a>。另外，《雾》后来被收入到他的小说《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="十一个蓝人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eleven Blue Men"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E8%93%9D%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="十一个蓝人（页面不存在）">十一个蓝人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleven_Blue_Men" class="extiw" title="en:Eleven Blue Men"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eleven Blue Men</span></a></span>）</span></span>（Eleven Blue Men）》之中<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2002年，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德夫拉·戴维斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Devra Davis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%AB%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德夫拉·戴维斯（页面不存在）">德夫拉·戴维斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devra_Davis" class="extiw" title="en:Devra Davis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Devra Davis</span></a></span>）</span></span>（Devra Davis）的著作《当烟雾像水一样奔跑时：环境欺骗和与污染斗争的故事（When Smoke Ran Like Water: Tales Of Environmental Deception And The Battle Against Pollution）》首次出版，书中记述了作为流行病学家的她与环境污染所做的斗争的故事，其中就包括因为多诺拉烟雾事件导致健康受损的幸存者的故事，此书最后入围2002年<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国全国非小说类图书奖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National Book Award for Nonfiction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%9E%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4%E7%B1%BB%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E5%A5%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国全国非小说类图书奖（页面不存在）">美国全国非小说类图书奖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Book_Award_for_Nonfiction" class="extiw" title="en:National Book Award for Nonfiction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National Book Award for Nonfiction</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2009年，安德鲁·迈埃塔（Andrew Maietta）和珍妮特·惠特尼（Janet Whitney）等人拍摄的纪录片《蓝天的谣言（Rumor of blue sky）》播出，纪录片通过25位事件亲历者的回忆转述了这次悲剧<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2013年，多诺拉烟雾事件作为<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国天气频道" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Weather Channel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国天气频道（页面不存在）">美国天气频道</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Weather_Channel" class="extiw" title="en:The Weather Channel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Weather Channel</span></a></span>）</span></span>所推出的《改变世界的天气（Weather That Changed the World）》系列纪录片的第三集以《宾夕法尼亚州的致命烟雾（Pennsylvania's Fatal Smog）》为名播出。2014年9月13日，<a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>转播了在<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亨氏历史中心" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Heinz History Center"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E6%B0%8F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亨氏历史中心（页面不存在）">亨氏历史中心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_History_Center" class="extiw" title="en:Heinz History Center"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Heinz History Center</span></a></span>）</span></span>进行的主题为“多诺拉与1948年的空气质量危机（Donora and the 1948 Air Quality Crisis）”的演讲<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考来源"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>参考来源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：参考来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Killed_20-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Killed_20_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Killed_20_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Killed_20_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Killed_20_1-3"><sup><b>1.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Killed_20_1-4"><sup><b>1.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sean D. Hamill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/02/us/02smog.html">Unveiling a Museum, a Pennsylvania Town Remembers the Smog That Killed 20</a>. the New York Times. 2008 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181230173406/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/02/us/02smog.html">存档</a>于2018-12-30） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=Unveiling+a+Museum%2C+a+Pennsylvania+Town+Remembers+the+Smog+That+Killed+20&rft.au=Sean+D.+Hamill&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F11%2F02%2Fus%2F02smog.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TOWNSEND-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TOWNSEND_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TOWNSEND_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TOWNSEND_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TOWNSEND_2-3"><sup><b>2.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Townsend JG. Investigation of the smog incident in Donora, Pa., and vicinity. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. 1950, <b>40</b> (02): 183–189. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2105%2Fajph.40.2.183"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2105/ajph.40.2.183</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+the+smog+incident+in+Donora%2C+Pa.%2C+and+vicinity&rft.au=Townsend+JG&rft.date=1950&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=02&rft.jtitle=AMERICAN+JOURNAL+OF+PUBLIC+HEALTH&rft.pages=183-189&rft.volume=40&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2105%2Fajph.40.2.183&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-大公网-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-大公网_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-大公网_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-大公网_3-2"><sup><b>3.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-大公网_3-3"><sup><b>3.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">刘宏焘. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.takungpao.com/history/yuedu/2014-03/2383120.html">多诺拉：被烟雾淹没的小镇</a>. 大公网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717071805/http://news.takungpao.com/history/yuedu/2014-03/2383120.html">存档</a>于2014-07-17） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%EF%BC%9A%E8%A2%AB%E7%83%9F%E9%9B%BE%E6%B7%B9%E6%B2%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%95%87&rft.au=%E5%88%98%E5%AE%8F%E7%84%98&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.takungpao.com%2Fhistory%2Fyuedu%2F2014-03%2F2383120.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1948/10/31/archives/-smog-linked-to-18-deaths-in-day-and-hospital-jam-in-donora-pa.html"><span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Smog' Linked to 18 Deaths in Day And Hospital Jam in Donora, Pa. 'SMOG' CITED IN 18 DEATHS</a>. The Associated Press. 1948-10-31 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190928014409/https://www.nytimes.com/1948/10/31/archives/-smog-linked-to-18-deaths-in-day-and-hospital-jam-in-donora-pa.html">存档</a>于2019-09-28） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=%27Smog%27+Linked+to+18+Deaths+in+Day+And+Hospital+Jam+in+Donora%2C+Pa.+%27SMOG%27+CITED+IN+18+DEATHS&rft.date=1948-10-31&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1948%2F10%2F31%2Farchives%2F-smog-linked-to-18-deaths-in-day-and-hospital-jam-in-donora-pa.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-官方初步调查-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-官方初步调查_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-官方初步调查_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-官方初步调查_5-2"><sup><b>5.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-官方初步调查_5-3"><sup><b>5.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-官方初步调查_5-4"><sup><b>5.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-官方初步调查_5-5"><sup><b>5.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-官方初步调查_5-6"><sup><b>5.6</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Schrenk, H. H.; Heimann, H.; Clayton, G. D.; Gafafer, W. M.; Wexler, H. Air Pollution in Donora, Pa. Epidemiology of the Unusual Smog Episode of October 1948. Preliminary Report. Public Health Bulletin. 1949, (306): ix, 173 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=Air+Pollution+in+Donora%2C+Pa.+Epidemiology+of+the+Unusual+Smog+Episode+of+October+1948.+Preliminary+Report&rft.au=Clayton%2C+G.+D.&rft.au=Gafafer%2C+W.+M.&rft.au=Heimann%2C+H.&rft.au=Schrenk%2C+H.+H.&rft.au=Wexler%2C+H.&rft.date=1949&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=306&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Bulletin&rft.pages=ix%2C+173&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70年-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-70年_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-70年_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-70年_6-2"><sup><b>6.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-70年_6-3"><sup><b>6.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Elizabeth T. Jacobs; Jefferey L. Burgess; Mark B. Abbott. The Donora Smog Revisited: 70 Years After the Event That Inspired the Clean Air Act. American Journal of Public Health. 2018, (Suppl 2): S85–S88. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2105%2FAJPH.2017.304219"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304219</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=The+Donora+Smog+Revisited%3A+70+Years+After+the+Event+That+Inspired+the+Clean+Air+Act&rft.au=Elizabeth+T.+Jacobs&rft.au=Jefferey+L.+Burgess&rft.au=Mark+B.+Abbott&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.pages=S85-S88&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2105%2FAJPH.2017.304219&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-世界环境-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-世界环境_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-世界环境_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceec.cn/zyzx/sjhjzz/zzlm/rl/201104/t20110406_535752.shtml">多诺拉烟雾事件</a>. 世界环境. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418144028/http://www.ceec.cn/zyzx/sjhjzz/zzlm/rl/201104/t20110406_535752.shtml">存档</a>于2021-04-18） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E7%83%9F%E9%9B%BE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceec.cn%2Fzyzx%2Fsjhjzz%2Fzzlm%2Frl%2F201104%2Ft20110406_535752.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1948/11/02/archives/poison-found-in-air-at-smog-death-site-small-quantities-reported-by.html">POISON FOUND IN AIR AT SMOG DEATH SITE; 'Small Quantities' Reported by Investigator at Donora, Pa. -- Pneumonia Toll Feared</a>. Associated Press. 1948-11-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190928020445/https://www.nytimes.com/1948/11/02/archives/poison-found-in-air-at-smog-death-site-small-quantities-reported-by.html">存档</a>于2019-09-28） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=POISON+FOUND+IN+AIR+AT+SMOG+DEATH+SITE%3B+%27Small+Quantities%27+Reported+by+Investigator+at+Donora%2C+Pa.+--+Pneumonia+Toll+Feared&rft.date=1948-11-02&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1948%2F11%2F02%2Farchives%2Fpoison-found-in-air-at-smog-death-site-small-quantities-reported-by.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Dan Holmes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baseballegg.com/2012/10/19/the-strange-tragic-story-of-stan-musials-hometown-donora-pennsylvania/">The smog that strangled Stan Musial’s hometown of Donora, Pennsylvania</a>. BaseballEgg. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190505030343/http://baseballegg.com/2012/10/19/the-strange-tragic-story-of-stan-musials-hometown-donora-pennsylvania/">存档</a>于2019-05-05） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=The+smog+that+strangled+Stan+Musial%E2%80%99s+hometown+of+Donora%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.au=Dan+Holmes&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BaseballEgg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaseballegg.com%2F2012%2F10%2F19%2Fthe-strange-tragic-story-of-stan-musials-hometown-donora-pennsylvania%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1951/04/18/archives/steel-company-pays-235000-to-settle-4643000-in-donora-smog-death.html">Steel Company Pays $235,000 to Settle $4,643,000 in Donora Smog Death Suits</a>. Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES. 1951-04-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180723004730/https://www.nytimes.com/1951/04/18/archives/steel-company-pays-235000-to-settle-4643000-in-donora-smog-death.html">存档</a>于2018-07-23） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=Steel+Company+Pays+%24235%2C000+to+Settle+%244%2C643%2C000+in+Donora+Smog+Death+Suits&rft.date=1951-04-18&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+to+THE+NEW+YORK+TIMES.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1951%2F04%2F18%2Farchives%2Fsteel-company-pays-235000-to-settle-4643000-in-donora-smog-death.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1948/11/13/archives/seeks-smog-death-cause-donora-will-hire-own-experts-if-state-does.html">SEEKS SMOG DEATH CAUSE Donora Will Hire Own Experts if State Does Not Find It</a>. Associated Press. 1948-11-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180319193427/https://www.nytimes.com/1948/11/13/archives/seeks-smog-death-cause-donora-will-hire-own-experts-if-state-does.html">存档</a>于2018-03-19） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=SEEKS+SMOG+DEATH+CAUSE+Donora+Will+Hire+Own+Experts+if+State+Does+Not+Find+It&rft.date=1948-11-13&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1948%2F11%2F13%2Farchives%2Fseeks-smog-death-cause-donora-will-hire-own-experts-if-state-does.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lynne Page Snyder. The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pennsylvania": Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health Policy, and the Politics of Expertise, 1948-1949. Environmental History Review. 1994, <b>18</b> (Special Issue on Technology, Pollution, and the Environment): 117–139. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3984747"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2307/3984747</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=The+Death-Dealing+Smog+over+Donora%2C+Pennsylvania%22%3A+Industrial+Air+Pollution%2C+Public+Health+Policy%2C+and+the+Politics+of+Expertise%2C+1948-1949&rft.au=Lynne+Page+Snyder&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=Special+Issue+on+Technology%2C+Pollution%2C+and+the+Environment&rft.jtitle=Environmental+History+Review&rft.pages=117-139&rft.volume=18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3984747&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">The Donora Episode. American Journal of Public Health. 1950, <b>40</b> (01): 80–81 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=The+Donora+Episode&rft.date=1950&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=01&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.pages=80-81&rft.volume=40&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Disaster at Donora–an epidemiologic study. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1950, <b>242</b> (04): 155–156 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=Disaster+at+Donora%E2%80%93an+epidemiologic+study&rft.date=1950&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=04&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.pages=155-156&rft.volume=242&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1948/12/25/archives/donora-smog-held-near-catastrophe-expert-asserts-slightly-higher.html">DONORA SMOG HELD NEAR CATASTROPHE; Expert Asserts Slightly Higher Concentration Would Have Depopulated Community</a>. the New York Times. Associated Press. 1948-12-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180723004351/https://www.nytimes.com/1948/12/25/archives/donora-smog-held-near-catastrophe-expert-asserts-slightly-higher.html">存档</a>于2018-07-23） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=DONORA+SMOG+HELD+NEAR+CATASTROPHE%3B+Expert+Asserts+Slightly+Higher+Concentration+Would+Have+Depopulated+Community&rft.date=1948-12-25&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1948%2F12%2F25%2Farchives%2Fdonora-smog-held-near-catastrophe-expert-asserts-slightly-higher.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Clarence A. Mills. The Donora Episode. Science. 1950, <b>111</b> (2873): 67–68. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.111.2873.67"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1126/science.111.2873.67</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=The+Donora+Episode&rft.au=Clarence+A.+Mills&rft.date=1950&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2873&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=67-68&rft.volume=111&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.111.2873.67&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Donovan J. Thompson; Antonio Ciocco. Sickness, Change of Residence, and Death * II. Sickness Reported in Household Surveys and Subsequent Mortality. British Journal of Preventive & Social Medicine. 1959, <b>13</b> (01): 28–32. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjech.13.1.28"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1136/jech.13.1.28</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=Sickness%2C+Change+of+Residence%2C+and+Death+%2A+II.+Sickness+Reported+in+Household+Surveys+and+Subsequent+Mortality&rft.au=Antonio+Ciocco&rft.au=Donovan+J.+Thompson&rft.date=1959&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=01&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Preventive+%26+Social+Medicine&rft.pages=28-32&rft.volume=13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fjech.13.1.28&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Antonio Ciocco; Donovan J. 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American Journal of Public Health Nations Health. 1961, <b>51</b> (02): 155–164 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=A+Follow-Up+of+Donora+Ten+Years+After%3A+Methodology+and+Findings&rft.au=Antonio+Ciocco&rft.au=Donovan+J.+Thompson&rft.date=1961&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=02&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health+Nations+Health&rft.pages=155-164&rft.volume=51&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Robert J. Rossi; Daniel J. Bain; Aubrey L. Hillman; David P. 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Reconstructing Early Industrial Contributions to Legacy Trace Metal Contamination in Southwestern Pennsylvania. environmental science & technology. 2017, (51): 4173−4181. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.est.6b03372"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b03372</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=Reconstructing+Early+Industrial+Contributions+to+Legacy+Trace+Metal+Contamination+in+Southwestern+Pennsylvania&rft.au=Aubrey+L.+Hillman&rft.au=Daniel+J.+Bain&rft.au=David+P.+Pompeani&rft.au=Mark+B.+Abbott&rft.au=Matthew+S.+Finkenbinder&rft.au=Robert+J.+Rossi&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=51&rft.jtitle=environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.pages=4173%E2%88%924181&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facs.est.6b03372&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">AMELIA NIERENBERG. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.post-gazette.com/local/south/2017/08/22/donora-smog-1948-us-steel-zinc-works-markle-lake-pitt-forensic-analysis-environmental-disasters/stories/201707310050">the region. 2MORE Everyone in Pittsburgh remembers the Donora disaster from 1948. 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Atlas Obscura. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190914085853/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/donora-smog-museum-and-historical-society">存档</a>于2019-09-14） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=Donora+Smog+Museum+and+Historical+Society&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Fplaces%2Fdonora-smog-museum-and-historical-society&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Berton Roueché. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1950/09/30/the-fog">THE FOG</a>. the New Yorker. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170309021025/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1950/09/30/the-fog">存档</a>于2017-03-09） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=THE+FOG&rft.au=Berton+Rouech%C3%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+New+Yorker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F1950%2F09%2F30%2Fthe-fog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/show/historical-awards/">Historical Archive: Awards No Longer Given by the Foundation</a>. 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WorldCat. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190922112347/https://www.worldcat.org/title/rumor-of-blue-sky/oclc/589226969">存档</a>于2019-09-22） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=Rumor+of+blue+sky&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WorldCat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Frumor-of-blue-sky%2Foclc%2F589226969&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sites.google.com/site/donorahistoricalsociety/news-and-tv">News and TV</a>. Donora Historical Society and Smog Museum. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161016034952/https://www.sites.google.com/site/donorahistoricalsociety/news-and-tv">存档</a>于2016-10-16） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=News+and+TV&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Donora+Historical+Society+and+Smog+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sites.google.com%2Fsite%2Fdonorahistoricalsociety%2Fnews-and-tv&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?321395-1/discussion-1948-donora-air-quality-crisis">Donora 1948 Air Quality Crisis</a>. C-SPAN. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306085900/https://www.c-span.org/video/?321395-1%2Fdiscussion-1948-donora-air-quality-crisis">存档</a>于2019-03-06） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=Donora+1948+Air+Quality+Crisis&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=C-SPAN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3F321395-1%2Fdiscussion-1948-donora-air-quality-crisis&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="污染" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="Template:污染"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="Template talk:污染"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:污染"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="污染" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="污染">污染</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="污染类型" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q129676813"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="污染类型（页面不存在）">污染类型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">維基數據所列</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129676813" class="extiw" title="d:Q129676813"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q129676813</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="空氣污染">空氣污染</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%A8" title="酸雨">酸雨</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%9B%A8" title="碱雨">碱雨</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E7%83%9F%E9%9C%9E" title="北极烟霞">北极雾霾</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E6%93%B4%E6%95%A3%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="大氣擴散模式">大氣擴散模式</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E9%BB%AF%E5%8C%96" title="全球黯化">全球黯化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%9A%B1%E8%9C%A2%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="蚱蜢效應">蚱蜢效應</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96" title="全球变暖">全球变暖</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%82%E7%A9%BA%E6%B4%9E" title="臭氧层空洞">臭氧层空洞</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%83%B7%E7%83%83" title="卤代烷烃">氯氟碳化合物</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B8%E6%B5%AE%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="懸浮粒子">懸浮粒子</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%85%99%E9%9C%A7" title="煙霧">煙霧</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%BE" title="霾">霾</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E6%BA%B6%E8%83%B6" title="气溶胶">气溶胶</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="水污染">水污染</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E5%8C%96" title="富营养化">富营养化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9" title="海洋廢棄物">海洋廢棄物</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%A9" title="油外洩">油外洩</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="熱污染">熱污染</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%BE%84%E6%B5%81" title="城市径流">城市径流</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B3%AA" title="水質">水質</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E6%B0%B4" title="死水">死水</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4" title="生活污水">生活污水</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8%E9%80%95%E6%B5%81" title="地表逕流">地表逕流</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B8%E6%B5%AE%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94" title="懸浮固體">懸浮固體</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="土地污染">土地污染</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%AE%E5%BE%A9" title="生物修復">生物修復</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物修复" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Phytoremediation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%AE%E5%BE%A9" title="植物修復">植物修复</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoremediation" class="extiw" title="en:Phytoremediation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Phytoremediation</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A4%E8%8D%89%E5%89%82" title="除草剂">除草剂</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E8%8D%AF" title="农药">农药</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%AF%92%E9%87%8D%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="有毒重金屬">重金属</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E5%AE%B3" title="肥害">肥害</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="放射性污染">放射性污染</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="核裂变产物">核裂变产物</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0" title="放射性落下灰">放射性落下灰</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%97%87" title="急性辐射综合症">急性辐射综合症</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他污染</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B9%E6%BA%90%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="点源污染">点源污染</a> / <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非点源污染" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nonpoint source pollution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E7%82%B9%E6%BA%90%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非点源污染（页面不存在）">非点源污染</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonpoint_source_pollution" class="extiw" title="en:Nonpoint source pollution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nonpoint source pollution</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B3%B6%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="熱島現象">熱島現象</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AE%B3" title="光害">光害</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%99%AA%E9%9F%B3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="噪音污染">噪音污染</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="基因污染">基因污染</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="工业污染">工業污染</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B9%E8%88%B6%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="船舶污染">船舶污染</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9" title="污染物">污染物</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE" title="垃圾">垃圾</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%81%E4%B9%85%E6%80%A7%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9" title="持久性有機污染物">持久性有機污染物</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E5%B9%B2%E6%93%BE%E7%89%A9" title="內分泌干擾物">內分泌干擾物</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E9%9B%8C%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="環境雌激素">環境雌激素</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Category:污染控制技術">污染控制</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%9B%91%E6%B5%8B" title="环境监测">环境监测</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6" title="資源回收">資源回收</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="垃圾分類">垃圾分類</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="污染物排放控制">污染物排放控制</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="环境污染控制">環境污染控制</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E6%B1%A1%E6%B3%A5%E6%B3%95" title="活性污泥法">活性污泥法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/SBR%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA" title="SBR污水处理工艺">SBR污水处理工艺</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%86%9C%E6%B3%95" title="生物膜法">生物膜法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%8C%E6%B0%A7%E6%B3%95" title="厌氧法">厌氧法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%81%E5%BC%8F%E5%8E%8C%E6%B0%A7%E6%B1%A1%E6%B3%A5%E5%BA%8A" title="上流式厌氧污泥床">上流式厌氧污泥床</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%A6%A5%E5%96%84%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E7%8E%87" title="污水妥善處理率">污水妥善處理率</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="污水處理">污水處理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8B%E9%A2%A8%E5%88%86%E9%9B%A2" title="旋風分離">旋風分離</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5" title="工业发酵">工業發酵</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%86%E5%A1%AB" title="堆填">填埋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E7%84%9A%E7%83%A7" title="垃圾焚烧">垃圾焚烧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%BA%9F%E5%BC%83%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%84%E7%BD%AE" title="固体废弃物的处理与处置">固体废弃物的处理与处置</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="水污染控制">水污染控制</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">對生物的影響</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="生物放大作用">生物放大作用</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B4%AF%E7%A9%8D" title="生物累積">生物累積性</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE%E6%80%A7" title="生物濃縮性">生物濃縮性</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%BE%E5%AE%B3" title="灾害">事故</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="Template:亞洲污染">亞洲污染</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="水污染事故列表">水污染事故列表</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%A1%91%E4%BB%81%E6%AD%A6%E5%BB%A0%E6%B1%99%E6%9F%93%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="台塑仁武廠汙染事件">台塑仁武廠汙染事件</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5%E9%89%9B%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92%E6%A1%88" title="湖南省兒童鉛中毒案">湖南省兒童鉛中毒案</a><span 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href="/wiki/2010%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%9E%E6%96%B0%E6%B8%AF%E6%BA%A2%E6%B2%B9%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="2010年大连新港溢油事故">2010年大連新港輸油管道爆炸</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E8%8E%B119-3%E6%B2%B9%E7%94%B0%E6%BA%A2%E6%B2%B9%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="蓬莱19-3油田溢油事故">2011年中海油康菲渤海湾油田溢油事故</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="马斯河谷事件">马斯河谷事件</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/1986%E5%B9%B4%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="1986年莱茵河污染事件">1986年莱茵河污染事件</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">多诺拉事件</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/1952%E5%B9%B4%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6%E7%85%99%E9%9C%A7%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="1952年倫敦煙霧事件">1952年倫敦煙霧事件</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">國際公約</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="巴塞爾公約">巴塞爾公約</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%94%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" title="蒙特利尔议定书">蒙特利尔议定书</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" title="京都议定书">京都议定书</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="斯德哥爾摩公約">斯德哥爾摩公約</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="防止海洋石油污染國際公約">防止海洋石油污染國際公約</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E8%88%B9%E8%88%B6%E6%B1%99%E6%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="防止船舶汙染國際公約">防止船舶汙染國際公約</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="巴黎協定">巴黎協定</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E4%BF%A3%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="水俣公约">水俁公約</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">政策</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E8%80%85%E8%87%AA%E4%BB%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="污染者自付原則">污染者自付原則</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="控制污染物排放政策">控制污染物排放政策</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E6%BA%90%E7%9B%91%E6%B5%8B" title="污染源监测">污染源監測</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95" title="环境组织名录">主要組織</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国国家环境保护局">美國環保局</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%BD%B2" title="歐洲環境署">歐洲環境署</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="環境省">日本環境省</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a 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