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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-發現史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發現史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>發現史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-發現史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-基本構造" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基本構造"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>基本構造</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基本構造-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生活史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生活史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>生活史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生活史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生活史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生活史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-在人體內的發育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在人體內的發育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>在人體內的發育</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-在人體內的發育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-在人體中的三種型態" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在人體中的三種型態"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>在人體中的三種型態</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-在人體中的三種型態-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-紅血球外期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#紅血球外期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>紅血球外期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-紅血球外期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-紅血球內期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#紅血球內期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>紅血球內期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-紅血球內期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-在瘧蚊體內的發育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在瘧蚊體內的發育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>在瘧蚊體內的發育</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-在瘧蚊體內的發育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>分類</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-分類-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关分類子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-分類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-宿主為人" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宿主為人"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>宿主為人</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宿主為人-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宿主為人以外的靈長類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宿主為人以外的靈長類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>宿主為人以外的靈長類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宿主為人以外的靈長類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宿主為鼠" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宿主為鼠"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>宿主為鼠</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宿主為鼠-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宿主為鳥" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宿主為鳥"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>宿主為鳥</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宿主為鳥-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>其他</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-进化地位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#进化地位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>进化地位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-进化地位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參照" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參照"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>參照</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參照-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">瘧原蟲</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。51种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="متصورة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="متصورة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="متصوره – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="متصوره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malyariya_paraziti" title="Malyariya paraziti – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Malyariya paraziti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Плазмодии – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Плазмодии" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="প্লাজমোডিয়াম – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্লাজমোডিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodi" title="Plasmodi – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Plasmodi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πλασμώδιο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πλασμώδιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodio" title="Plasmodio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plasmodio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmoodium" title="Plasmoodium – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Plasmoodium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="پلاسمودیوم – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پلاسمودیوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malarialoisiot" title="Malarialoisiot – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Malarialoisiot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasm%C3%B3idiam" title="Plasmóidiam – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Plasmóidiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="प्लास्मोडियम – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्लास्मोडियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E5%8E%9F%E8%99%AB" title="マラリア原虫 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マラリア原虫" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პლაზმოდიუმი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პლაზმოდიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Плазмодий – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Плазмодий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%9B%90%EC%B6%A9" title="말라리아원충 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말라리아원충" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Плазмодийлер – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Плазмодийлер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasm%C3%B4di%C3%B4ma" title="Plasmôdiôma – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Plasmôdiôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_(eencellige)" title="Plasmodium (eencellige) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Plasmodium (eencellige)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarodziec" title="Zarodziec – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zarodziec" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Плазмодии – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Плазмодии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_(sl%C3%A4kte)" title="Plasmodium (släkte) – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Plasmodium (släkte)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பிளாஸ்மோடியம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிளாஸ்மோடியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="พลาสโมเดียม – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พลาสโมเดียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Плазмодій – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Плазмодій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BD_sinh_tr%C3%B9ng_s%E1%BB%91t_r%C3%A9t" title="Ký sinh trùng sốt rét – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ký sinh trùng sốt rét" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Plasmodium" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2" title="瘧原蟲 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130948" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%9F%E5%8E%9F%E8%99%AB&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="疟原虫">疟原虫</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85099211">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>Plasmodium也是某些原生生物的一種特殊型態，中文稱為變形體或原菌體，詳見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%8F%8C" title="黏菌">黏菌</a></b>」。</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(173,238,63)">瘧原蟲屬<span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em; margin-top:0.05em;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%A1%86" title="Help:如何閱讀生物資訊框"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Infobox_info_icon2.svg/18px-Infobox_info_icon2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Infobox_info_icon2.svg/27px-Infobox_info_icon2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Infobox_info_icon2.svg/36px-Infobox_info_icon2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Malaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Malaria.jpg/220px-Malaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Malaria.jpg/330px-Malaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Malaria.jpg/440px-Malaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">瘧原蟲的孢子體 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(173,238,63)"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="生物分类学">科学分类</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding:0.1em 0.4em 0 0; margin-left:-3em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Plasmodium" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Small_Pencil_Icon.svg/16px-Small_Pencil_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Small_Pencil_Icon.svg/24px-Small_Pencil_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Small_Pencil_Icon.svg/32px-Small_Pencil_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><small>演化支</small>：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SAR%E8%B6%85%E7%B1%BB%E7%BE%A4" title="SAR超类群">SAR 超类群</a> SAR</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><small>演化支</small>：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%8A%E6%B3%A1%E8%99%AB%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="囊泡虫类">囊泡虫类</a> Alveolata</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">门：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%98%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90%E6%80%BB%E9%97%A8" title="粘孢子总门">粘孢子总门</a> Myzozoa</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">纲：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E9%A1%9E%E9%8C%90%E9%AB%94%E7%B6%B1" title="無類錐體綱">無類錐體綱</a> Aconoidasida</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">目：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90%E8%9F%B2%E7%9B%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="血孢子蟲目">血孢子蟲目</a> Haemosporida</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">科：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%9F%E5%8E%9F%E8%99%AB%E7%A7%91" title="疟原虫科">瘧原蟲科</a> Plasmodiidae</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">属：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><b>瘧原蟲屬 <i>Plasmodium</i></b></span><br /><small>Marchiafava & Celli, 1885.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(173,238,63)"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="种">种</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>見內文</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732977">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>瘧原蟲屬</b>（<i><b>Plasmodium</b></i>）是一類單細胞、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F" title="寄生">寄生</a>性的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%8A%E6%B3%A1%E8%99%AB" title="囊泡虫">囊泡蟲</a>藻類。本屬生物通稱為<b>瘧原蟲</b>。本屬生物中有五種瘧原蟲會使人類感染<a href="/wiki/%E7%98%A7%E7%96%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="瘧疾">瘧疾</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%B6%E6%80%A7%E7%96%9F%E5%8E%9F%E8%99%AB" title="恶性疟原虫">惡性瘧原蟲</a>（<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2" title="三日瘧原蟲">三日瘧原蟲</a>（<i>Plasmodium malariae</i>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B5%E5%BD%A2%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2" title="卵形瘧原蟲">卵形瘧原蟲</a>（<i>Plasmodium ovale</i>）及<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%93%E6%97%A5%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2" title="間日瘧原蟲">間日瘧原蟲</a>（<i>Plasmodium vivax</i>）、 <a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%B0%8F%E7%96%9F%E5%8E%9F%E8%99%AB" title="诺氏疟原虫">諾氏瘧原蟲</a>（<i>Plasmodium knowlesi</i>）。而其他種類的瘧原蟲會感染它種動物，包括其他<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%95%B7%E7%9B%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="靈長目">靈長目</a>動物、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%93%E9%BD%92%E7%9B%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="囓齒目">囓齒目</a>動物、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E9%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="鳥類">鳥類</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AC%E8%9F%B2%E9%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="爬蟲類">爬蟲類</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="發現史"><span id=".E7.99.BC.E7.8F.BE.E5.8F.B2"></span>發現史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：發現史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>瘧原蟲的發現者是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>人<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%A3%AB%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%A6%AE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E9%9F%8B%E6%9C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="查爾斯·路易士·阿馮斯·拉韋朗">查爾斯·路易士·阿馮斯·拉韋朗</a>。1880年，當他在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾及利亞">阿爾及利亞</a>擔任外科醫生時，注意到瘧疾病人的紅血球裡有一種微生物存在，他堅信這個微生物（即瘧原蟲）就是引起瘧疾的病原；這是首次發現原生動物會引起人類疾病。他因此發現及其他關於原生動物致病的研究獲得1907年的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%88%96%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎">諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>內科醫生<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="羅納德·羅斯">羅納德·羅斯</a>爵士（1857-1932），在1897年擔任英國駐<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>軍醫期間發現了寄生在<a href="/wiki/%E7%98%A7%E8%9A%8A" title="瘧蚊">瘧蚊</a>胃中的瘧原蟲。因為他發現了瘧原蟲的傳染途徑，他獲得了1902年的諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。而發現瘧蚊是唯一可傳播瘧原蟲的蚊子的人是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a>動物學家<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF" title="乔凡尼·巴蒂斯塔·格拉西">喬凡尼·巴蒂斯塔·格拉西</a>（Giovanni Battista Grassi）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="基本構造"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E6.9C.AC.E6.A7.8B.E9.80.A0"></span>基本構造</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：基本構造"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>瘧原蟲的基本構造和一般的原生生物一樣，爲<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E6%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="細胞核">細胞核</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%B3%AA" title="細胞質">細胞質</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%86%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="細胞膜">細胞膜</a>。環狀體（trophozoite，主要發育期第一階段）以後各期還含有瘧原蟲消化分解<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%B4%85%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="血紅蛋白">血紅蛋白</a>後的産物，<a href="/wiki/%E7%98%A7%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0" title="瘧色素">瘧色素</a>（malarial pigment）。 </p><p>使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%A7%86%E8%90%A8%E6%9F%93%E6%B6%B2" title="吉姆萨染液">姬姆薩染劑</a>（Giemsa's Stain）或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9E%E6%B0%8F%E6%9F%93%E5%8A%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑞氏染劑（页面不存在）">瑞氏染劑</a>（Wright's stain）染色後，核呈紫紅色，胞質爲深藍色，瘧色素呈棕或黑褐色。這也是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="血液检验">血液檢驗</a>中檢驗瘧原蟲的方法之一。瘧原蟲寄生在紅血球內時，會造成紅血球變形。不同種類的瘧原蟲會使紅血球呈現不同的形狀（也是辨別瘧原蟲種類的重要方法之一）： </p> <ul><li>被間日瘧原蟲寄生的紅血球會變大，顔色變淺，後期出現微小的紅色<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E6%B0%8F%E9%BB%9E" title="薛氏點">薛氏點</a>（Schüffner's dots）</li> <li>被卵形瘧原蟲寄生的紅血球會變大，顔色變淺，有明顯粗大的紅色薛氏點</li> <li>被惡性瘧原蟲寄生的紅血球會有粗大的紫褐色<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8C%82%E6%B0%8F%E9%BB%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="茂氏點（页面不存在）">茂氏點</a>（Maurer's dots）</li> <li>被三日瘧原蟲寄生的紅血球會有微小紅色的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BD%8A%E6%B0%8F%E9%BB%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="齊氏點（页面不存在）">齊氏點</a>（Ziemann's dots）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生活史"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E6.B4.BB.E5.8F.B2"></span>生活史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：生活史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> 瘧原蟲的生活史非常複雜。各種類的生活史基本相同，都需要<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人">人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%98%A7%E8%9A%8A" title="瘧蚊">瘧蚊</a>兩個宿主。大體來說，在人體內瘧原蟲行<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96" class="mw-redirect" title="無性生殖">無性生殖</a>；在<a href="/wiki/%E8%9A%8A%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="蚊子">蚊子</a>體內行<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96" title="有性生殖">有性生殖</a>。</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plasmodium_life.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Plasmodium_life.jpg" decoding="async" width="543" height="430" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="在人體內的發育"><span id=".E5.9C.A8.E4.BA.BA.E9.AB.94.E5.85.A7.E7.9A.84.E7.99.BC.E8.82.B2"></span>在人體內的發育</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：在人體內的發育"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>必須經過兩個時期，在肝細胞內發育的<b>紅血球外期</b>及在紅血球內發育的<b>紅血球內期</b>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="在人體中的三種型態"><span id=".E5.9C.A8.E4.BA.BA.E9.AB.94.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E4.B8.89.E7.A8.AE.E5.9E.8B.E6.85.8B"></span>在人體中的三種型態</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：在人體中的三種型態"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>滋養體</b>（trophozoite，或稱<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E9%AB%94" title="活動體">活動體</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E9%AB%94" title="營養體">營養體</a>）</li></ul> <p>瘧原蟲進入紅血球後的型態，主要的目的是生長及攝食。滋養體的瘧原蟲以<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%B4%85%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="血紅蛋白">血紅蛋白</a>為食；牠們以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%83%B1%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E9%85%B6" title="半胱氨酸蛋白酶">半胱氨酸蛋白酶</a>（plasmepsin enzymes）消化血红蛋白。滋養體早期細胞核小，細胞質少，蟲體多呈環狀，故又稱之為「環狀體」（ring form）。接著，隨著蟲體的成長<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E6%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="細胞核">細胞核</a>增大，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%B3%AA" title="細胞質">細胞質</a>增多，有時還會伸出<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%BD%E8%B6%B3" title="偽足">偽足</a>，且細胞內開始出現瘧色素。 </p> <ul><li><b>裂殖體</b>（schizont）</li></ul> <p>滋養體成熟後，瘧原蟲的細胞核開始不斷的分裂。此階段稱為裂殖體。分裂到最後，細胞質也會分裂，每個核形成一個單獨的小細胞，稱為<b>裂殖子</b>（merozoite）。 </p> <ul><li><b>配子體</b>（gametocyte）</li></ul> <p>瘧原蟲經過數次裂殖體的階段後，一部分的裂殖子會侵入紅血球中發育。牠們的細胞核不再分裂，反而增大；細胞質增多，步伸出僞足。最後會發育成爲配子體。配子體的形狀從圓形到新月形不等，且有雌雄之分。雌體較大，雄體較小。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="紅血球外期"><span id=".E7.B4.85.E8.A1.80.E7.90.83.E5.A4.96.E6.9C.9F"></span>紅血球外期</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：紅血球外期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>紅血球外期（exo-erythrocytic cycle），簡稱紅外期，指的是瘧原蟲尚未進入紅血球前的階段 </p> <ol><li>瘧原蟲的成熟胞子（sporozoite，或稱芽孢）隨雌瘧蚊的叮咬進入人體的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2" title="血液">血液</a>循環</li> <li>在約30分鐘內進入<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="肝">肝</a>細胞，開始進行<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96" class="mw-redirect" title="無性生殖">無性</a>分裂生殖，並一邊攝取肝細胞內的養分發育 <ol><li>卵形瘧原蟲與間日瘧原蟲會產生一些休眠的瘧原蟲，稱為<b>潛隱子</b>（hypnozoite，或稱休眠子），經過一段時間後才再度活化。這被認為與卵形瘧和間日瘧的復發有關<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=358221">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060508205737/http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=358221">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）。</li></ol></li> <li>瘧原蟲不斷進行分裂生殖，最後產生紅外期的裂殖體</li> <li>被感染的肝細胞破裂，裂殖體釋放出裂殖子</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="紅血球內期"><span id=".E7.B4.85.E8.A1.80.E7.90.83.E5.85.A7.E6.9C.9F"></span>紅血球內期</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：紅血球內期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>紅血球內期（erythrocytic cycle），簡稱紅內期，指的是瘧原蟲已進入<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%A1%80%E7%90%83" class="mw-redirect" title="紅血球">紅血球</a>的階段 </p> <ol><li>被感染的肝細胞破裂後，裂殖子進入血液中</li> <li>侵入紅血球，形成滋養體，攝食吸收養分，生長發育，開始<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96" class="mw-redirect" title="分裂生殖">分裂生殖</a></li> <li>不斷分裂生殖，形成紅內期的裂殖體</li> <li>被感染紅血球破裂，釋放裂殖子</li> <li>不斷重複前述步驟，最後有部分裂殖子發育為雌雄配子體</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="在瘧蚊體內的發育"><span id=".E5.9C.A8.E7.98.A7.E8.9A.8A.E9.AB.94.E5.85.A7.E7.9A.84.E7.99.BC.E8.82.B2"></span>在瘧蚊體內的發育</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：在瘧蚊體內的發育"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%98%A7%E8%9A%8A" title="瘧蚊">瘧蚊</a>經由吸取病人或<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B6%E5%8E%9F%E8%80%85" title="帶原者">帶原者</a>血液，使血液中的各型態原蟲進入<a href="/wiki/%E8%9A%8A%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="蚊子">蚊子</a>體內；但只有配子體會繼續發育</li> <li>在蚊的<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃</a>內，雌、雄配子體發育成為雌、雄<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%AD%90" title="配子">配子</a></li> <li>較小的雄配子鑽進較大的雌配子內，形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E5%AD%90" title="合子">合子</a></li> <li>合子會繼續伸長，而且能動，稱為<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%95%E5%90%88%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="動合子（页面不存在）">動合子</a></b>（ookinete）</li> <li>動合子最後穿破胃壁，在胃的彈性纖維膜下形成圓球形的卵囊（oocyst）</li> <li>卵囊中進行胞子繁殖(無性)，接著破裂，釋放出瘧蚊蟲的胞子</li></ol> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Falciparum_ring.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="惡性瘧原蟲的環狀體"><img alt="惡性瘧原蟲的環狀體" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Falciparum_ring.jpg/120px-Falciparum_ring.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Falciparum_ring.jpg/180px-Falciparum_ring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Falciparum_ring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">惡性瘧原蟲的環狀體</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Falciparum_schizont.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="惡性瘧原蟲的裂殖子"><img alt="惡性瘧原蟲的裂殖子" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Falciparum_schizont.jpg/120px-Falciparum_schizont.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Falciparum_schizont.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="165" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">惡性瘧原蟲的裂殖子</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Falciparum_gametocyte.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="惡性瘧原蟲的配子體"><img alt="惡性瘧原蟲的配子體" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Falciparum_gametocyte.jpg/120px-Falciparum_gametocyte.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Falciparum_gametocyte.jpg/180px-Falciparum_gametocyte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Falciparum_gametocyte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">惡性瘧原蟲的配子體</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分類"><span id=".E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>分類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：分類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>目前紀錄種約100餘種。以下僅介紹較常見的種類： </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宿主為人"><span id=".E5.AE.BF.E4.B8.BB.E7.82.BA.E4.BA.BA"></span>宿主為人</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：宿主為人"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul style="plainlist"><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%B6%E6%80%A7%E7%96%9F%E5%8E%9F%E8%99%AB" title="恶性疟原虫">惡性瘧原蟲</a> <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> <small>Welch, 1897，又稱熱帶瘧原蟲，惡性瘧的病原 </small></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2" title="三日瘧原蟲">三日瘧原蟲</a> <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> <small>，三日瘧的病原 </small></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B5%E5%BD%A2%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2" title="卵形瘧原蟲">卵形疟原虫</a> <i>Plasmodium ovale</i> <small>，或稱蛋形瘧原蟲，卵形瘧的病原 </small></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%93%E6%97%A5%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2" title="間日瘧原蟲">間日瘧原蟲</a> <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> <small>，間日瘧的病原 </small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宿主為人以外的靈長類"><span id=".E5.AE.BF.E4.B8.BB.E7.82.BA.E4.BA.BA.E4.BB.A5.E5.A4.96.E7.9A.84.E9.9D.88.E9.95.B7.E9.A1.9E"></span>宿主為人以外的靈長類</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：宿主為人以外的靈長類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul style="plainlist"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴西瘧原蟲（页面不存在）">巴西瘧原蟲</a> <i>Plasmodium brasilianum</i> <small> </small></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E8%9F%B9%E7%8C%B4%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食蟹猴瘧原蟲（页面不存在）">食蟹猴瘧原蟲</a> <i>Plasmodium cynomolgi</i> <small> </small></li><li> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmodium_sandoshami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmodium sandoshami（页面不存在）">Plasmodium sandoshami</a></i> <small><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </small></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%B1%E6%B0%8F%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="許氏瘧原蟲（页面不存在）">許氏瘧原蟲</a> <i>Plasmodium schwetzi</i> <small> </small></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%BF%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="猿瘧原蟲（页面不存在）">猿瘧原蟲</a> <i>Plasmodium simium</i> <small>，或稱吼猴瘧原蟲 </small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宿主為鼠"><span id=".E5.AE.BF.E4.B8.BB.E7.82.BA.E9.BC.A0"></span>宿主為鼠</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：宿主為鼠"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul style="plainlist"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%AF%E6%B0%8F%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伯氏瘧原蟲（页面不存在）">伯氏瘧原蟲</a> <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> <small> </small></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8F%E6%B0%8F%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夏氏瘧原蟲（页面不存在）">夏氏瘧原蟲</a> <i>Plasmodium chabaudi</i> <small> </small></li><li> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmodium_fieldi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmodium fieldi（页面不存在）">Plasmodium fieldi</a></i> <small>，寄生<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%9A%E5%B0%BE%E7%8C%95%E7%8C%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="豚尾猕猴">豚尾猕猴</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </small></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E6%B0%8F%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="約氏瘧原蟲（页面不存在）">約氏瘧原蟲</a> <i>Plasmodium yoelii</i> <small> </small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宿主為鳥"><span id=".E5.AE.BF.E4.B8.BB.E7.82.BA.E9.B3.A5"></span>宿主為鳥</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：宿主為鳥"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul style="plainlist"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%9E%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雞瘧原蟲（页面不存在）">雞瘧原蟲</a> <i>Plasmodium gallinaceum</i> <small> </small></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%98%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="殘瘧原蟲（页面不存在）">殘瘧原蟲</a> <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> <small>(Grassi & Feletti, 1891)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </small></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%BC%E8%81%94%E6%A0%B8%E7%96%9F%E5%8E%9F%E8%99%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="似联核疟原虫（页面不存在）">似联核疟原虫</a> <i>Plasmodium <span style="font-style:normal;">(</span>Novyella<span style="font-style:normal;">)</span> parajuxtanucleare</i> <small>，寄生在<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E8%83%B8%E7%AB%B9%E9%B8%A1" title="灰胸竹鸡">灰胸竹鸡</a>（Bambusicola thoracica）<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </small></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%B0%8F%E7%96%9F%E5%8E%9F%E8%99%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="江氏疟原虫（页面不存在）">江氏疟原虫</a> <i>Plasmo-dium<span style="font-style:normal;">(</span>Novyella<span style="font-style:normal;">)</span>Jiangi</i> <small>，寄生在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E8%80%B3%E9%B9%8E" title="红耳鹎">红耳鹎</a><i>Pycnonotus iocosus</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96"></span>其他</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：其他"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul style="plainlist"><li> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmodium_carmelinoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmodium carmelinoi（页面不存在）">Plasmodium carmelinoi</a></i> <small>Lainson, Franco & da Matta, 2010 </small></li><li> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmodium_homopolare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmodium homopolare（页面不存在）">Plasmodium homopolare</a></i> <small>Walther, Valkiūnas, Gonzalez, Matta, Ricklefs, Cornel & Sehgal, 2014 </small></li><li> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmodium_intabazwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmodium intabazwe（页面不存在）">Plasmodium intabazwe</a></i> <small>van As, Cook, Netherlands & Smit, 2016 </small></li><li> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmodium_kentropyxi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmodium kentropyxi（页面不存在）">Plasmodium kentropyxi</a></i> <small>R.Lainson, Ilan Paperna & Irène Landau, 2001 </small></li><li> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmodium_lomamiensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmodium lomamiensis（页面不存在）">Plasmodium lomamiensis</a></i> <small>Liu, Sherrill-Mix, Learn, Scully, Li, Avitto, Loy, Lauder, Sundararaman, Plenderleith, Ndjango, Georgiev, Ahuka-Mundeke, Peeters, Bertolani, Dupain, Garai, Hart, Hart, Shaw, Sharp & Hahn, 2017 </small></li><li> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmodium_unalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmodium unalis（页面不存在）">Plasmodium unalis</a></i> <small>Mantilla, Gonzalez, Valkiūnas, Moncada & Matta, 2013 </small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="进化地位"><span id=".E8.BF.9B.E5.8C.96.E5.9C.B0.E4.BD.8D"></span>进化地位</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：进化地位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>疟原虫所属的顶复门是一大类高度特化，专营寄生生活的生物，多年来对疟原虫的起源及其发展过程尚不明了。直到2008年，Jan Janouškovec等人确认了其顶质体中遗传物质与一种红藻<i>Chromera velia</i>有着高同源性<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，最终于2019年得出了疟原虫的大致演化史<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參照"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E7.85.A7"></span>參照</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：參照"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%98%A7%E7%96%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="瘧疾">瘧疾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%98%A7%E8%9A%8A" title="瘧蚊">瘧蚊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="原生生物">原生生物</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F. L. Dunn, Don E. Eyles & L. F. Yap (1963) Plasmodium Sandoshami SP. Nov., a New Species of Malaria Parasite from the Malayan Flying Lemur, Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, 57:1, 75-81, DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1963.11686164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Don E. Eyles, A. B. G. Laing & Yap Loy Fong (1962) Plasmodium Fieldi Sp. Nov., a New Species of Malaria Parasite from the Pig-Tailed Macaque in Malaya, Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, 56:2, 242-247, DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1962.11686116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailyparasite.blogspot.com/2013/08/plasmodium-relictum_15.html">Plasmodium relictum (revisited)</a>. Parasite of the Day. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-03-25</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&rft.atitle=Plasmodium+relictum+%28revisited%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parasite+of+the+Day&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailyparasite.blogspot.com%2F2013%2F08%2Fplasmodium-relictum_15.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">何建国. 寄生灰胸竹鸡的一疟原虫新种(孢子虫纲:疟原虫科)[J]. 动物分类学报, 1993, 18(2):5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">何建国, 黄建成. 寄生红耳鹎的鸟疟原虫一新种(孢子虫纲:疟原虫科)[J]. 动物分类学报, 1993, 18(2):5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Janouškovec, Jan; Paskerova, Gita G; Miroliubova, Tatiana S; Mikhailov, Kirill V; Birley, Thomas; Aleoshin, Vladimir V; Simdyanov, Timur G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527105144/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6733595/">Apicomplexan-like parasites are polyphyletic and widely but selectively dependent on cryptic plastid organelles</a>. eLife: e49662. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-21</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2050-084X"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 2050-084X</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6733595"><span title="公共医学中心">PMC 6733595</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31418692"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 31418692</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7554%2FeLife.49662"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.7554/eLife.49662</span></a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6733595/">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&rft.atitle=Apicomplexan-like+parasites+are+polyphyletic+and+widely+but+selectively+dependent+on+cryptic+plastid+organelles&rft.au=Aleoshin%2C+Vladimir+V&rft.au=Birley%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Mikhailov%2C+Kirill+V&rft.au=Miroliubova%2C+Tatiana+S&rft.au=Paskerova%2C+Gita+G&rft.au=Simdyanov%2C+Timur+G&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.aulast=Janou%C5%A1kovec&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=2050-084X&rft.jtitle=eLife&rft.pages=e49662&rft.volume=8&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6733595&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6733595%2F&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7554%2FeLife.49662&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31418692&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Rueckert, Sonja; Pipaliya, Shweta V.; Dacks, Joel B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(19)30927-3">Evolution: Parallel Paths to Parasitism in the Apicomplexa</a>. Current Biology. 2019-09-09, <b>29</b> (17): R836–R839. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0960-9822"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0960-9822</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31505182"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 31505182</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2019.07.047"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.047</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&rft.atitle=Evolution%3A+Parallel+Paths+to+Parasitism+in+the+Apicomplexa&rft.au=Dacks%2C+Joel+B.&rft.au=Pipaliya%2C+Shweta+V.&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.aulast=Rueckert&rft.date=2019-09-09&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0960-9822&rft.issue=17&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.pages=R836-R839&rft.volume=29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fcurrent-biology%2Fabstract%2FS0960-9822%2819%2930927-3&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2019.07.047&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31505182&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mathur, Varsha; Kolísko, Martin; Hehenberger, Elisabeth; Irwin, Nicholas A. T.; Leander, Brian S.; Kristmundsson, Árni; Freeman, Mark A.; Keeling, Patrick J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616033956/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31422883/">Multiple Independent Origins of Apicomplexan-Like Parasites</a>. Current biology: CB. 2019-09-09, <b>29</b> (17): 2936–2941.e5 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-21</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1879-0445"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1879-0445</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31422883"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 31422883</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2019.07.019"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.019</span></a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31422883/">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&rft.atitle=Multiple+Independent+Origins+of+Apicomplexan-Like+Parasites&rft.au=Freeman%2C+Mark+A.&rft.au=Hehenberger%2C+Elisabeth&rft.au=Irwin%2C+Nicholas+A.+T.&rft.au=Keeling%2C+Patrick+J.&rft.au=Kol%C3%ADsko%2C+Martin&rft.au=Kristmundsson%2C+%C3%81rni&rft.au=Leander%2C+Brian+S.&rft.aufirst=Varsha&rft.aulast=Mathur&rft.date=2019-09-09&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1879-0445&rft.issue=17&rft.jtitle=Current+biology%3A+CB&rft.pages=2936-2941.e5&rft.volume=29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F31422883%2F&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2019.07.019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31422883&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smallcollation.blogspot.com/2013/02/protozoa-plasmodium.html">寄生蟲學-protozoa(原蟲)-Plasmodium(瘧原蟲屬)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210310043513/http://smallcollation.blogspot.com/2013/02/protozoa-plasmodium.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080508222247/http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Malaria.asp?body=Frames%2FM-R%2FMalaria%2Fbody_Malariadiagfind2.htm">不同種類瘧原蟲的辨識法(英文)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cxjksy.zjwst.gov.cn/extra/extra_6/20060517180816_%B1%A1%D1%AA%C4%A4%D6%D0%CB%C4%D6%D6%C8%CB%CC%E5%C5%B1%D4%AD%B3%E6%D6%F7%D2%AA%D2%AA%BC%F8%B1%F0%CC%D8%D5%F7%B1%ED.doc">不同種類瘧原蟲的差異(長興縣疾病預防控制中心)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年3月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060512024350/http://ryoko.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/malaria_images.html">瘧原蟲的圖片(英文)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maxanim.com/microbiology/Malaria/Malaria.htm">瘧原蟲生活史的動畫(英文)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20191218163531/http://www.maxanim.com/microbiology/Malaria/Malaria.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="分類單元識別-&#123;&#125;-碼" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="分類單元識別-&#123;&#125;-碼" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%96%AE%E5%85%83%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E7%A2%BC" title="Help:分類單元識別碼">分類單元識別碼</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE" title="维基数据">维基数据</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130948" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q130948">Q130948</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="維基物種">維基物種</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Plasmodium">Plasmodium</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Plasmodium">Plasmodium</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81" title="EPPO代码">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1PLMDG">1PLMDG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" class="mw-redirect" title="真菌索引">真菌索引</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=583195">583195</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="全球生物多樣性資訊機構">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/8364053">8364053</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/199354">199354</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%9E%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%B1%9E%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%E5%86%8C" title="海洋和非海洋属临时登记册">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1355993">1355993</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="美国国家生物技术信息中心">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=5820">5820</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/a35c1df5-53d3-45ed-9225-bfb8dd5a4422">a35c1df5-53d3-45ed-9225-bfb8dd5a4422</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=瘧原蟲&oldid=82018715">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=瘧原蟲&oldid=82018715</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%98%A7%E5%8E%9F%E8%9F%B2%E5%B1%AC" title="Category:瘧原蟲屬">瘧原蟲屬</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E7%96%9F%E5%8E%9F%E8%99%AB%E7%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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