CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913530d0cad29b8d',cH: 'Nkuc5mALDyNhiKmZ2XsGvrRPG_5kHBICV6ekTiNL2QY-1739789155-1.2.1.1-f7Uo1cVQsKp3Gru96xH8uOgrh_4y1oUYrZbeez__G50ITArhlepdBknu2hGkf7dD',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=DISINFECTION&__cf_chl_tk=VuTHqY1G57GBdWQCZPimFsZvMyg.4b_Cx63J05CZCjg-1739789155-1.0.1.1-.8YM5gDg0TNp.YPRMcx37prnnCqvow9zjm1Cp1wbVjo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789155',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=DISINFECTION&__cf_chl_f_tk=VuTHqY1G57GBdWQCZPimFsZvMyg.4b_Cx63J05CZCjg-1739789155-1.0.1.1-.8YM5gDg0TNp.YPRMcx37prnnCqvow9zjm1Cp1wbVjo",md: "xANEB8FurGnM0eJcrpS865NfWAZMpglvk2j3SJCJeX4-1739789155-1.2.1.1-dft9_geR3aic415cAamnpVeZydk0HECSPEk0iNeXHSHQTCgdsVjizoQjZnJybWw2cDJcuQQoqiIl9vWZ72N8iLCtJKRHdb4U6ovafcWtyNqn22tnlSRzL_.TqNtuAMPdrq2PpV_OZJVEeupRIYV2M9AG0Ky90bRCXe3v7og183Xt88pl536BMsRsOlhL93_VBnfyPbn7WHXrmKZL7P6NHoVzNAuf.3PxtDBu_HMorSok6BFr7NuKqAEjnTz9An0YRLe1A8AB6ZdUZv38nwfLo0hpKWCRSFkmSsNM0gYQ0l3B4hkO1dIwAU4JHQ0VMMkwBFv0s2NhJfF3YzNcyzxgc6ZkEZhQA0RRGTxOpAhg9W0MbbYaN4dbT6wKiCu.8AvHg8kJuNtFAqvaCJQ4j4XwkI587e9O_BDXrIQL.R.R1qWkVTlgU1EFA30x1D5GWB267L2MtD9KihGz8Y6Aju9DZWN.UJ0xx6Qa1bvShDAKnTumQAhFJJDPQZnrPGk.MyxOrKrFMEKjtBLgrYhb7quVAK2fUeOAZzZG2x68myBRbsV1oSyIXws52xXv0vLqhPw9oz6qpTj97VV6ujBGQ3WylK8CnBkMkMFAuXV0nlyauTkxr.vtSfoi.HLYpibolPi7ejO66ATZndG3Zg2ADHzqvzjpyNdUd5avbipCT1b6q7af4lmN_MkQEYg6XHvDLPui3fPApBK7symqYsgysbOXYmm3cGmLvVlfJYjly2v9qS.TIkYkt20.YQGOCWiB5oXQkALOGGXNxUvyANi0YcCb0oiB_7Hd4Bfk5eLqqMEfjg47Iytii3uUZOl6xBRhSr_B8y1ZyF_.OMkHhaGgkdJyWbC.rqWOeIFAyBTGw3pHG4DQFfD1i65EZn1mpl41GUJR2vKuJTsOmtFxqhBrC99.yhy2QxCevrzlVc9yvDoMqYQTHgm9m0Kyhqq3pRGMTHe1OHlSMxM0D3RogJPrDjUBKNId8Wyv_5nPR4_iFps0Gc3RMmkjc9KYx3Cu0EnO9F.ygZEo5FvSZIGQcMU1bFMKTPATELb9VExSShVqCVknxAtnvSwCHxbN9s0SiBkNe5A_Q63cZxEvno.sPIV1gTYY9bnzNQfjqOaFU8zAtOgNVdcSy87rscmFxaHagvmD0QDjV2YA29XO4ghPz7zGrLAIPaHH4Ju2Q_rRGYElFrph26TZ_B4Z21vfdOLPyuY7pGA5hRkaE6TeaXESP2UnBmi38zEmBVO9shKQ8.JKsvvoCZNyeErB_a.N5s.9gDTb3TTtsxMOa7y00wiZLqcIvgUswpU4yXnm42QSlFrcvfCFGRL1wXHbApRUTG93A3blMZitLn01gUmDUgt1uvVta5OaqL9_LEJ1MbcWChkKOXr5XFuInGVEOcNCVlCVRC6HJbanawKV13AgPZET6NWk5Q4J1Roa7lzDZ6mGuV0vGxyyxk3U0eNk3a4tySerFh2uOH2HLcg.2ZyIbPNsZQBhiftVHeAqd060xVTM7lBT6Kmp0nmIZUmhFpZavIQFYazi2qisl_YodLQ4oNLZ1e74_sVY5.YcvBoArUHoUF8ecjtnMCd1mqY8ERlbutMRt5TEzwQ3D1Nj9HuzKEZw52XJjvC7CrR3FjDO0vShYH5M5mzRDbimicrXthwONDU.SsPOZn0055djuHrRoUsEg92KW3snq5XQXkqlC6NskbURCSWS0is2pP4tlApp1KDwwhOVCrS4VWAKMbEddlRCHw2E3InDDZ8BnW724kFfY0nj8tFC3leHmZqV5vOa7ciMbHe8zNTQ9aoMB_tfVhlUe.MbDXgHaLs4Tq43MTR_NIb3UYF54q81Xo2GEIoXSukQ190.8GCidigv73TNQwlXecEk_wfrUZDnaPX0GqxRXhr.tZ.Wc.10m7jZpJU3h84QwErqoagr4mZOlZvMSy6C83HIFIMW7g",mdrd: "b1ihRHYyFHNnGMDEq9J2z_Pam0IfTkkJkCf5cx1i_zw-1739789155-1.2.1.1-L_J1SNII0G4SYA.ZvPo2bssxesCjspYOozrQouNKaP0BxtbLyp3eE4zKUXaBWN6SKTBC8cZ4HJjexkrK0qXWheB9xUXmADTYvkjpK0sH6V_pIrHbNen6Luo6oPHDhh1T7yqmAEj6tHPKAi1JqVNFNzu8kuILHHBsSequHClPXs5QJZID4V8bDwnaRkPpT.LpHI55Pe0Jj50pOHWZprDa0gRL4jyxEU77SnUwNffKvuvs0NDeCCEFeXzkt.FFTG00vy.288uESXGfT4mJ6o7GlW6MZ03EvcLpBnJ_zhmmBpTGnYQOYieGcEtuNjuDlhlhKwE1nZMnV6ckR1A7stdIoHakxGG3u1teIIX327FKh3ilJJFyHRi1A8FKbhZU3eWD9Dmn4BxK9GyeTSTVyrt3wkOWHUP5vq9OoQPd2BVvFAt1XLfqROGjJmmMYHgE.ySw2K1V1.TRMHyOhT_1.o9E_b1cdC4azx.mLUTSKlhnqMU7aWvj.mBOp_v2TcvMj8_WKmruxoDwMqmWAnEa5omMoP84fJCSrzUqjcUDSlkQe5f2jL8o3mIiwIlhXtZ4eHHeQGzK1Azi3rnDFUe9u1GsGpACDDmaO9jbBfEHgXofkt0Q.iUwn8tBx0_6Ennnj.t7vUA9sZkUzsdfUkL1geLRFA78DQUr1TXJC5vBVfzxt4QGVWmRUNr5adNCwJS.Gzcd8MawuWaNwo8nYHHJG1RhTw1R6qa22GPJAOyzDP1NMZETRTi7iXO0p3572aCtR9byzklRFfiyjBdHcH3lo6iakfSh0Ln_an5zZE7YeN24Yr0YPbAFdwO2I8NVlF9RxAz6ZmFAhrgEz0JECN5ziVvQ6aV0vdH4RyhPOvZhoRGOaEoLh57cs9xPO5v19cjlkJ8liElZbob0y4gksdkDNkNX53u3qCBRfO8Uff5JNR9MQ3uVhKHhJohkbiWYI50CBeE41cR83YqJ0ko.v3L.SI9_tYa.p2ZonKXQs3po0h6zzlYs1dVz7Lp3YV88rVh9nHp3xbshV9vTFrFhIrl5GDUfKmfVhX0cw61d29clR8QNYxLpXSn5A7AERZ_m7qcU32t9VsZW_zK.ARoUEMR..pCZR5xch1EmR_.ktvI9d4ULau952B590R6GoDxqc35iN3oQMbNKHdewXpyfj3MuS5UQBoNuHYXjZEj9zyak5xoZXGJ_vxjy3DWF54PO1NhBQQOHNP6VIJBFs9foB5lWmZVCMR6VM1reAPsX13hc90.to6lis2HdlfwpELdeJmN6GVYog6N9UZSa_Pv3mBwxA.CxfhbwvU.KJvrGV1Fog2cJA._PPxLUe24Mn6N3UvUXkLDu4ayjvu5fXeNmWn3u.ljIyxmG7ASYOHZmNYL56c.qC6iCsv_HDAlHs0xXUuxOQdA7tSIpmZt28fsp4ZLjwgBYxLHFgGtgOzlg_c7JKke1PCeaRtYV9bxFeNtTs6sHSIM_HCJtOd.fwcRVILAG9cOK0S37DZfDEQR9vha2dk2H.RT1lIF9DujDq3jyPlPDOnwrlDoos7uSvR_8XvThxyrldc2h6eqrfsorYt_.UdoP06_M701t2uHIl.DwKiHCzGANOZNpZT_C5PNYXi5qt3rJUlwSDXA23r_HlYIva06.zGycHgGyjFL.mUcaPaj8pBtZarxotouYKwtjF_eb91.fMg2hdBC3.MoT2JuMdkhj8YVIqHsFSqRfLcyVlerqFCl8LxNItt3P_v1__npqIl9fpxgjuyaWo9cfreOTmnpAxASTAaCHlpHAN1GZT9PVqKHqMSFWu49MWN8U9pzCM7Z42PQq.zSYRORAbkEefWR0UGrjBwI8hNUUtDWgtF9qndlqzO01fZM2Fg5NIE9snuXkruS3lTNv72HK5H.qIZ9eLh_iZpUsx6SP548J1kIjxDc5IjvhanMtbUGckc.VZlcf0lTOQVcotmKeHaPE0FhcHsN2EgMbSYOFSSRPKh6tbCsS"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913530d0cad29b8d';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=DISINFECTION&__cf_chl_rt_tk=VuTHqY1G57GBdWQCZPimFsZvMyg.4b_Cx63J05CZCjg-1739789155-1.0.1.1-.8YM5gDg0TNp.YPRMcx37prnnCqvow9zjm1Cp1wbVjo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>